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Marc Blitzstein (March 2, 1905 – January 22, 1964) was an American
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 composer
Composer

A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
.

Born in Philadelphia
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Philadelphia is the largest city in Pennsylvania and the List of United States cities by population city in the United States. It is the fifth-largest metropolitan area and fourth-largest urban area by population in the United States, the nation's fourth-largest consumer media market as ranked by the Nielsen Media Research, and the 49th-most...
, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , often colloquially referred to as PA by natives and Northeasterners, is a U.S. state located in the Northeastern United States and Mid-Atlantic States regions of the United States....
 to Jewish parents, among his works were The Cradle Will Rock
The Cradle Will Rock

The Cradle Will Rock is a 1937 Musical theater by Marc Blitzstein. Originally a part of the Federal Theatre Project, it was directed by Orson Welles, and produced by John Houseman....
, whose premiere was directed by Orson Welles
Orson Welles

George Orson Welles , better known as Orson Welles, was an Academy Award-winning United States actor, director, writer and producer, who worked extensively in film, theatre, television, and radio....
, the opera Regina
Regina (opera)

Regina is an opera by Marc Blitzstein, to his own libretto based on the play The Little Foxes by Lillian Hellman. Blitzstein chose this source in order to make a strong statement against capitalism....
, an adaptation of Lillian Hellman
Lillian Hellman

Lillian Florence Hellman was an United States playwright, linked throughout her life with many Left-wing politics causes. She was romantically involved for 30 years with mystery novel and crime novel writer Dashiell Hammett , and was also a long-time friend and literary executor of author Dorothy Parker....
's The Little Foxes
The Little Foxes

The Little Foxes is a 1939 play by Lillian Hellman. Its title comes from Chapter 2, Verse 15 in the Song of Songs in the Authorized King James Version of the Bible, which reads, "Take us the foxes, the little foxes, that spoil the vines: for our vines have tender grapes."...
, the Broadway
Broadway theatre

Broadway theatre, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located in the Theatre District, New York in Manhattan, New York City....
 musical Juno
Juno (musical)

Juno is a Broadway theatre musical theatre with music and lyrics by Marc Blitzstein and book by Joseph Stein, based closely on the 1924 play Juno and the Paycock by Sean O'Casey....
 based on Sean O'Casey
Seán O'Casey

Se?n O'Casey was a major Irish theatre dramatist and memoirist. A committed socialist, he was the first Irish playwright of note to write about the Dublin working classes....
's Juno and the Paycock
Juno and the Paycock

Juno and the Paycock is a Play by Sean O'Casey, the second of his well-known "Dublin Trilogy" and one of the most highly regarded and oft-performed plays in Ireland....
, No For An Answer, and his off-Broadway translation/adaptation of Bertolt Brecht
Bertolt Brecht

was a Germany poet, playwright, and theatre director. An influential theatre practitioner of the Twentieth-century theatre, Brecht made equally significant contributions to dramaturgy and Theatre, the latter particularly through the seismic impact of the tours undertaken by the Berliner Ensemble?the post-war theatre company operated by Brec...
 and Kurt Weill
Kurt Weill

Kurt Julian Weill , was a Germany, and in his later years American, composer active from the 1920s until his death. He was a leading composer for the theatre....
's Threepenny Opera. He also completed translation/adaptations of Brecht's and Weill's Mahagonny and Brecht's Mother Courage and Her Children
Mother Courage and Her Children

Mother Courage and Her Children is a play written in 1939 by the Germany dramatist and poet Bertolt Brecht with significant contributions from Margarete Steffin....
, with music by Paul Dessau
Paul Dessau

Paul Dessau was a German composer and Conducting....
.






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Marc Blitzstein (March 2, 1905 – January 22, 1964) was an American
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 composer
Composer

A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
.

Born in Philadelphia
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Philadelphia is the largest city in Pennsylvania and the List of United States cities by population city in the United States. It is the fifth-largest metropolitan area and fourth-largest urban area by population in the United States, the nation's fourth-largest consumer media market as ranked by the Nielsen Media Research, and the 49th-most...
, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , often colloquially referred to as PA by natives and Northeasterners, is a U.S. state located in the Northeastern United States and Mid-Atlantic States regions of the United States....
 to Jewish parents, among his works were The Cradle Will Rock
The Cradle Will Rock

The Cradle Will Rock is a 1937 Musical theater by Marc Blitzstein. Originally a part of the Federal Theatre Project, it was directed by Orson Welles, and produced by John Houseman....
, whose premiere was directed by Orson Welles
Orson Welles

George Orson Welles , better known as Orson Welles, was an Academy Award-winning United States actor, director, writer and producer, who worked extensively in film, theatre, television, and radio....
, the opera Regina
Regina (opera)

Regina is an opera by Marc Blitzstein, to his own libretto based on the play The Little Foxes by Lillian Hellman. Blitzstein chose this source in order to make a strong statement against capitalism....
, an adaptation of Lillian Hellman
Lillian Hellman

Lillian Florence Hellman was an United States playwright, linked throughout her life with many Left-wing politics causes. She was romantically involved for 30 years with mystery novel and crime novel writer Dashiell Hammett , and was also a long-time friend and literary executor of author Dorothy Parker....
's The Little Foxes
The Little Foxes

The Little Foxes is a 1939 play by Lillian Hellman. Its title comes from Chapter 2, Verse 15 in the Song of Songs in the Authorized King James Version of the Bible, which reads, "Take us the foxes, the little foxes, that spoil the vines: for our vines have tender grapes."...
, the Broadway
Broadway theatre

Broadway theatre, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located in the Theatre District, New York in Manhattan, New York City....
 musical Juno
Juno (musical)

Juno is a Broadway theatre musical theatre with music and lyrics by Marc Blitzstein and book by Joseph Stein, based closely on the 1924 play Juno and the Paycock by Sean O'Casey....
 based on Sean O'Casey
Seán O'Casey

Se?n O'Casey was a major Irish theatre dramatist and memoirist. A committed socialist, he was the first Irish playwright of note to write about the Dublin working classes....
's Juno and the Paycock
Juno and the Paycock

Juno and the Paycock is a Play by Sean O'Casey, the second of his well-known "Dublin Trilogy" and one of the most highly regarded and oft-performed plays in Ireland....
, No For An Answer, and his off-Broadway translation/adaptation of Bertolt Brecht
Bertolt Brecht

was a Germany poet, playwright, and theatre director. An influential theatre practitioner of the Twentieth-century theatre, Brecht made equally significant contributions to dramaturgy and Theatre, the latter particularly through the seismic impact of the tours undertaken by the Berliner Ensemble?the post-war theatre company operated by Brec...
 and Kurt Weill
Kurt Weill

Kurt Julian Weill , was a Germany, and in his later years American, composer active from the 1920s until his death. He was a leading composer for the theatre....
's Threepenny Opera. He also completed translation/adaptations of Brecht's and Weill's Mahagonny and Brecht's Mother Courage and Her Children
Mother Courage and Her Children

Mother Courage and Her Children is a play written in 1939 by the Germany dramatist and poet Bertolt Brecht with significant contributions from Margarete Steffin....
, with music by Paul Dessau
Paul Dessau

Paul Dessau was a German composer and Conducting....
. Blitzstein also composed music for films such as Surf and Seaweed (1931) by Ralph Steiner
Ralph Steiner

Ralph Steiner was an United States photographer and filmmaker. His 1929 film H2O was added to the National Film Registry in December 2005....
 and the documentary The Spanish Earth
The Spanish Earth

The Spanish Earth was a propaganda film made during the Spanish Civil War in favor of the Republicans .It was film director by Joris Ivens and was narrated by John Dos Passos and Ernest Hemingway, with music composed by Marc Blitzstein....
 (1937).

The dramatic premiere of the pro-union The Cradle Will Rock was at the Venice Theater on June 16, 1937. The cast had been locked out of the Maxine Elliott Theatre
Maxine Elliott Theatre

The Maxine Elliott Theatre was a Broadway theater located at 109 West 39th Street in New York City. Built in 1908, it was demolished in 1960.It was named for United States actress Maxine Elliott, who originally owned a 50 percent interest in it, making her one of the only female theater managers....
 by the WPA, the government agency which had originally funded the production, and so a performance without sets or costumes took place, with actors and musicians performing from the audience (to evade union restrictions on their performance) and Blitzstein narrating at the piano. In 1939, Blitzstein's close friend Leonard Bernstein
Leonard Bernstein

Leonard Bernstein was a multi-Emmy-winning and Academy Award for Original Music Score nominated American Conductor , composer, author, music lecturer and Piano....
 led a revival of the play at Harvard
Harvard University

Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Massachusetts, United States, and a member of the Ivy League. Founded in 1636 by the colonial Massachusetts legislature, Harvard is the Colonial Colleges institution of higher learning in the United States....
, narrating from the piano just as Blitzstein had done. The 1999 film Cradle Will Rock
Cradle Will Rock

| name = Cradle Will Rock| image = Cradle will rock2.jpg| caption = DVD cover| director = Tim Robbins| producer = Tim Robbins| writer = Tim Robbins...
 was based on this event, but heavily embellished.

Additional major compositions include the autobiographical radio song play I've Got the Tune, The Airborne Symphony
The Airborne Symphony

The Airborne Symphony is a work for narrator, vocal soloists, male chorus, and large orchestra by American composer Marc Blitzstein. The symphony uses music originally commissioned for film purposes by the United States Army Air Force, in which Blitzstein served during the Second World War....
, and Reuben, Reuben
Reuben, Reuben

Reuben, Reuben is a 1983 comedy film. It stars Tom Conti, Kelly McGillis, Roberts Blossom, Cynthia Harris, and Joel Fabiani.The film was adapted by Julius J....
. At the time of his death Blitzstein was at work on Idiots First, a one-act opera
Opera

Opera is an Performing arts in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work which combines a text and a musical score. Opera is part of the Western classical music tradition....
 based on the eponymous story by Bernard Malamud
Bernard Malamud

Bernard Malamud was an author of novels and short stories. Along with Saul Bellow and Philip Roth, he was one of the great United States Jewish authors of the 20th century....
 – to be part of a set of one-acts called Tales of Malamud – which Ned Rorem
Ned Rorem

Ned Rorem is an American composer and Personal journal. He is best known and praised for his song settings.He was born in Richmond, Indiana, Indiana and received his early education in Chicago at the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools, the American Conservatory and then Northwestern University....
 has called "his [Blitzstein's] best work". It was the piece Blitzstein said would be his magnum opus, a three-act opera commissioned by the Ford Foundation
Ford Foundation

The Ford Foundation is a private foundation incorporated in Michigan and based in New York City created to fund programs that were chartered in 1936 by Edsel Ford and Henry Ford....
 and optioned by the Metropolitan Opera
Metropolitan Opera

The Metropolitan Opera Association of New York City, founded in April 1880, is a major presenter of all types of opera including Grand Opera. Peter Gelb is the company's general manager and James Levine is music director....
, Sacco and Vanzetti
Sacco and Vanzetti

Ferdinando Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were two Italian-born laborers and Anarchism who were trial , convicted and Electric chair on August 23, 1927 in Massachusetts, United States for the 1920 armed robbery and murder of a pay-clerk and a security guard in Braintree, Massachusetts, U.S....
.

In 1964, Blitzstein was robbed and beaten in Fort-de-France
Fort-de-France

Fort-de-France is the Capital of France's Caribbean d?partement d'outre-mer of Martinique. With a population of 134,727 inhabitants in the urban area, 94,049 of whom live in the city of Fort-de-France proper, it is also one of the major cities in the Caribbean....
, Martinique
Martinique

Martinique is an island in the eastern Caribbean Sea, having a land area of 1,128 km?. It is an overseas department of France. To the northwest lies Dominica, to the south St Lucia....
 by three Portuguese
Portugal

Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east....
 sailors after a sexual encounter. He identified his assailants, who were later convicted of manslaughter after he had died of his wounds in the hospital.

Both Tales of Malamud and Sacco and Vanzetti
Sacco and Vanzetti

Ferdinando Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were two Italian-born laborers and Anarchism who were trial , convicted and Electric chair on August 23, 1927 in Massachusetts, United States for the 1920 armed robbery and murder of a pay-clerk and a security guard in Braintree, Massachusetts, U.S....
 were completed posthumously, with the approval of Blitzstein's estate, by composer Leonard Lehrman
Leonard Lehrman

Leonard Lehrman was born in Kansas, on August 20, 1949, but grew up in Roslyn, NY, becoming the youngest private composition student of Elie Siegmeister ....
.

Leonard Bernstein
Leonard Bernstein

Leonard Bernstein was a multi-Emmy-winning and Academy Award for Original Music Score nominated American Conductor , composer, author, music lecturer and Piano....
 and others judged Blitzstein's legacy to be "incalculable".

On September 30 2005, Praeger published the long-awaited Marc Blitzstein: A Bio-Bibliography, by Leonard Lehrman. At 645 pages it is the longest published bio-bibliography of any American composer (see ).

Marriage

Although Blitzstein married novelist Eva Goldbeck on March 2nd,1933, he was openly gay
Gay

The term gay was originally used, until well into the mid-20th century, primarily to refer to feelings of being "carefree," "happy," or "bright and showy"; it had also come to acquire some connotations of "immorality" as early as 1637....
 and they had no children. He cited his homosexuality
Homosexuality

Homosexuality refers to human sexual behavior or same-sex attraction between people of the same sex or to homosexual orientation. As a sexual orientation, homosexuality refers to "having sexual and romantic attraction primarily or exclusively to members of one?s own sex"; "it also refers to an individual?s sense of personal and social identi...
 as the reason for discontinuing his membership in the Communist Party
Communist Party USA

The Communist Party of the United States of America is a Marxist-Leninist political party in the United States.The CPUSA is based in New York City, its newspaper, originally The Daily Worker, is today the People's Weekly World, and its monthly magazine is Political Affairs Magazine....
, which did not consider homosexuality compatible with the party's ideals. This is one interpretation. Another is that the organization became somewhat anti-intellectual when Foster replaced Browder as its head, and many of its most intelligent and artistic members left.

Lina Abarbanell

His mother-in-law was Berlin
Berlin

Berlin is the Capital of Germany city and one of sixteen States of Germany of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million within its city limits, Berlin is the country's largest city....
-born musical star and opera singer Lina Abarbanell, who survived her daughter. Abarbanell made her American debut in Fruehlingsluft. She sang the role of Hansel in Hänsel und Gretel at the Metropolitan Opera
Metropolitan Opera

The Metropolitan Opera Association of New York City, founded in April 1880, is a major presenter of all types of opera including Grand Opera. Peter Gelb is the company's general manager and James Levine is music director....
 in 1905 and went on to appear in The Student King, The Merry Widow
The Merry Widow

The Merry Widow is an operetta by the Austria-Hungary composer Franz Leh?r. The Librettos, Viktor L?on and Leo Stein , based the story — concerning a rich widow, Hanna Glawari, and her attempt to find a husband ? on an 1861 comedy play, L'attach? d'ambassade by Henri Meilhac....
, Madame Sherry, Miss Princess, The Geisha
The Geisha

The Geisha, a story of a tea house is a musical comedy in two acts. The score was composed by Sidney Jones to a libretto by Owen Hall, with lyrics by Harry Greenbank....
, Flora Bella and The Grand Duke
The Grand Duke

The Grand Duke, or The Statutory Duel, was the final Savoy Opera written by librettist W. S. Gilbert and composer Arthur Sullivan, their fourteenth and last opera together....
.

She died on January 6 1963 in New York City
New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
, aged 83

HUAC

In 1951 Blitzstein was subpoena
Subpoena

A subpoena is commonly defined as a written command to a person to testify before a court or be punished.More accurately, a subpoena is the conditional threat of punishment made by a governmental authority....
ed to appear before the House Committee on Un-American Activities. In closed session he admitted having been a member of the Communist Party and then refused to "name names", and wound up not being called upon to testify publicly. However, he was blacklisted
Hollywood blacklist

The Hollywood blacklist?more precisely the entertainment industry blacklist, into which it expanded?was the mid-twentieth-century list of screenwriters, actors, directors, musicians, and other U.S....
 by the movie studio
Movie studio

A movie studio is, in the established sense of the term, a film distributor. Literally, however, the term denotes a controlled environment for the making of a film....
 bosses.

Works

  • Triple-Sec (1928)
  • Garrick Gaieties
    Revue

    A revue is a type of multi-act popular theatre entertainment that combines music, dance and sketch comedy. The revue has its roots in nineteenth-century American popular entertainment and melodrama, but grew into a substantial cultural presence of its own during its golden years from ca....
     (1930) - revue
    Revue

    A revue is a type of multi-act popular theatre entertainment that combines music, dance and sketch comedy. The revue has its roots in nineteenth-century American popular entertainment and melodrama, but grew into a substantial cultural presence of its own during its golden years from ca....
     - contributing composer
    Composer

    A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
     (revival of Triple-Sec)
  • The Condemned (1932, unproduced)
  • Parade
    Philip Loeb

    Philip Loeb , was an United States stage, film, and television actor who was blacklisting under McCarthyism and committed suicide....
     (1935) - revue
    Revue

    A revue is a type of multi-act popular theatre entertainment that combines music, dance and sketch comedy. The revue has its roots in nineteenth-century American popular entertainment and melodrama, but grew into a substantial cultural presence of its own during its golden years from ca....
     - featured songwriter
    Songwriter

    File:Beethoven.jpgA songwriter is someone who writes the lyrics, as well the musical composition or melody to songs. One who writes only lyrics is a lyricist, while one who writes only music is a composer....
  • The Spanish Earth
    The Spanish Earth

    The Spanish Earth was a propaganda film made during the Spanish Civil War in favor of the Republicans .It was film director by Joris Ivens and was narrated by John Dos Passos and Ernest Hemingway, with music composed by Marc Blitzstein....
     (1937) - composer
    Composer

    A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
     with Virgil Thomson
    Virgil Thomson

    Virgil Thomson was an American composer and critic from Kansas City, Missouri. He was instrumental in the development of the "American Sound" in classical music....
  • Julius Caesar
    Julius Caesar (play)

    Julius Caesar is a Shakespearean tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1599. It portrays the conspiracy against the Roman Empire dictator Julius Caesar, his assassination and its aftermath....
     (1937) - play revival
    Revival (play)

    A revival is a restaging of a stage production after its original run has closed. New material may be added. A feature film version is said to be an adaptation and requires writing of a screenplay....
     - incidental music
    Incidental music

    Incidental music is music in a Play , television program, radio program, video game, film or some other form not primarily musical. The term is less frequently applied to film music, with such music being referred to instead as the "film score" or "soundtrack."...
     composer
    Composer

    A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
  • Pins and Needles
    Pins and Needles

    Pins and Needles is a musical theatre revue with a book by Arthur Arent, Marc Blitzstein, Emmanuel Eisenberg, Charles Friedman, David Gregory , Joseph Schrank, Arnold B....
     (1937) - revue
    Revue

    A revue is a type of multi-act popular theatre entertainment that combines music, dance and sketch comedy. The revue has its roots in nineteenth-century American popular entertainment and melodrama, but grew into a substantial cultural presence of its own during its golden years from ca....
     - contributing bookwriter
  • The Cradle Will Rock
    The Cradle Will Rock

    The Cradle Will Rock is a 1937 Musical theater by Marc Blitzstein. Originally a part of the Federal Theatre Project, it was directed by Orson Welles, and produced by John Houseman....
     (1938) - musical - composer
    Composer

    A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
    , lyricist
    Lyricist

    A lyricist is a writer who specializes in song lyrics, usually paid for by a band to write a custom song. A singer who writes the lyrics to songs is a singer-lyricist....
    , bookwriter, director, pianist
    Pianist

    A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an musical ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers....
    , and actor
    Actor

    An actor or actress is a person who acting in a dramatic production and who works in film, television, theatre, or radio programming in that capacity....
     in the roles of Clerk, First Reporter, and Professor Mamie
  • Danton's Death
    Georg Büchner

    Karl Georg B?chner was a German people dramatist and writer of prose. He was the brother of physician and philosopher Ludwig B?chner. B?chner's talent is generally held in great esteem in Germany....
     (1938) - play revival
    Revival (play)

    A revival is a restaging of a stage production after its original run has closed. New material may be added. A feature film version is said to be an adaptation and requires writing of a screenplay....
     - incidental music
    Incidental music

    Incidental music is music in a Play , television program, radio program, video game, film or some other form not primarily musical. The term is less frequently applied to film music, with such music being referred to instead as the "film score" or "soundtrack."...
     composer
    Composer

    A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
  • Another Part of the Forest
    Lillian Hellman

    Lillian Florence Hellman was an United States playwright, linked throughout her life with many Left-wing politics causes. She was romantically involved for 30 years with mystery novel and crime novel writer Dashiell Hammett , and was also a long-time friend and literary executor of author Dorothy Parker....
     (1946) - play - incidental music
    Incidental music

    Incidental music is music in a Play , television program, radio program, video game, film or some other form not primarily musical. The term is less frequently applied to film music, with such music being referred to instead as the "film score" or "soundtrack."...
     composer
    Composer

    A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
  • Androcles and the Lion
    Androcles and the Lion (play)

    Androcles and the Lion is a 1912 Play written by George Bernard Shaw.Androcles and the Lion is Shaw's retelling of the tale of Androcles, a slave who is saved by the requited mercy of a lion....
     (1946) - play revival
    Revival (play)

    A revival is a restaging of a stage production after its original run has closed. New material may be added. A feature film version is said to be an adaptation and requires writing of a screenplay....
     - incidental music
    Incidental music

    Incidental music is music in a Play , television program, radio program, video game, film or some other form not primarily musical. The term is less frequently applied to film music, with such music being referred to instead as the "film score" or "soundtrack."...
     composer
    Composer

    A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
  • I've Got The Tune (1938) - radio musical
  • The Cradle Will Rock
    The Cradle Will Rock

    The Cradle Will Rock is a 1937 Musical theater by Marc Blitzstein. Originally a part of the Federal Theatre Project, it was directed by Orson Welles, and produced by John Houseman....
     (1938) revival
    Revival (play)

    A revival is a restaging of a stage production after its original run has closed. New material may be added. A feature film version is said to be an adaptation and requires writing of a screenplay....
    )
  • No for an Answer (1941)
  • Symphony: The Airborne
    The Airborne Symphony

    The Airborne Symphony is a work for narrator, vocal soloists, male chorus, and large orchestra by American composer Marc Blitzstein. The symphony uses music originally commissioned for film purposes by the United States Army Air Force, in which Blitzstein served during the Second World War....
     (1946) - symphony
    Symphony

    A symphony is a musical composition, often extended and usually for orchestra. "Symphony" does not imply a specific form. Many symphonies are tonality works in four movement with the first in sonata form, and this is often described by music theorists as the structure of a "Classical period " symphony, although even some symphonies by the ac...
     - composer
    Composer

    A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
  • Another Part of the Forest
    Another Part of the Forest

    Another Part of the Forest is a 1946 play by Lillian Hellman, a prequel to her 1939 drama The Little Foxes....
     (1946) - play - incidental music
  • Regina
    Regina (opera)

    Regina is an opera by Marc Blitzstein, to his own libretto based on the play The Little Foxes by Lillian Hellman. Blitzstein chose this source in order to make a strong statement against capitalism....
     (1949) - opera
    Opera

    Opera is an Performing arts in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work which combines a text and a musical score. Opera is part of the Western classical music tradition....
     - composer
    Composer

    A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
     and orchestrator, librettist
  • Let's Make an Opera
    Benjamin Britten

    Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten, Order of Merit Order of the Companions of Honour was an England composer, conducting, viola and pianist....
     (1950) - special performance - director
  • King Lear
    King Lear

    King Lear is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1603 and 1606, and is considered one of his greatest works....
     (1950) - play revival
    Revival (play)

    A revival is a restaging of a stage production after its original run has closed. New material may be added. A feature film version is said to be an adaptation and requires writing of a screenplay....
     - incidental music
    Incidental music

    Incidental music is music in a Play , television program, radio program, video game, film or some other form not primarily musical. The term is less frequently applied to film music, with such music being referred to instead as the "film score" or "soundtrack."...
     composer
    Composer

    A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
  • The Threepenny Opera
    The Threepenny Opera

    The Threepenny Opera is a Musical theatre by German dramatist Bertolt Brecht and composer Kurt Weill, in collaboration with translator Elisabeth Hauptmann and set designer Caspar Neher....
     (1954) - operetta
    Operetta

    Operetta is a genre of light opera, light in terms both of music and subject matter. It is also closely related, in English-language works, to forms of musical theatre....
     revival
    Revival (play)

    A revival is a restaging of a stage production after its original run has closed. New material may be added. A feature film version is said to be an adaptation and requires writing of a screenplay....
     - editor
    Editing

    Editing is the process of preparing language, s, sound, video, or film through correction, condensation, organization, and other modifications in various media....
     of Bertolt Brecht
    Bertolt Brecht

    was a Germany poet, playwright, and theatre director. An influential theatre practitioner of the Twentieth-century theatre, Brecht made equally significant contributions to dramaturgy and Theatre, the latter particularly through the seismic impact of the tours undertaken by the Berliner Ensemble?the post-war theatre company operated by Brec...
    's book and lyrics
    Lyrics

    Lyrics are a set of words that make up a song, either by speaking or singing. The word 'lyric' comes from the Greek word ,lyricos, meaning "singing to the lyre"....
     into English
  • Reuben, Reuben (1955)
  • Juno
    Juno (musical)

    Juno is a Broadway theatre musical theatre with music and lyrics by Marc Blitzstein and book by Joseph Stein, based closely on the 1924 play Juno and the Paycock by Sean O'Casey....
     (1959) - musical - composer
    Composer

    A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
    , lyricist
    Lyricist

    A lyricist is a writer who specializes in song lyrics, usually paid for by a band to write a custom song. A singer who writes the lyrics to songs is a singer-lyricist....
     and co-orchestrator
  • Toys in the Attic
    Lillian Hellman

    Lillian Florence Hellman was an United States playwright, linked throughout her life with many Left-wing politics causes. She was romantically involved for 30 years with mystery novel and crime novel writer Dashiell Hammett , and was also a long-time friend and literary executor of author Dorothy Parker....
     (1960) - play - featured songwriter
    Songwriter

    File:Beethoven.jpgA songwriter is someone who writes the lyrics, as well the musical composition or melody to songs. One who writes only lyrics is a lyricist, while one who writes only music is a composer....
     for "French Lessons in Songs" and "Bernier Day"
  • Tales of Malamud (2 one-act operas): Idiots First (1963, unfinished, completed by Leonard Lehrman, 1973) and The Magic Barrel
    The Magic Barrel

    The Magic Barrel is a collection of thirteen short stories written by Bernard Malamud and published in 1958. It won the 1959 National Book Award for fiction....
     (1964, unfinished)
  • Sacco and Vanzetti
    Sacco and Vanzetti

    Ferdinando Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were two Italian-born laborers and Anarchism who were trial , convicted and Electric chair on August 23, 1927 in Massachusetts, United States for the 1920 armed robbery and murder of a pay-clerk and a security guard in Braintree, Massachusetts, U.S....
     (1964, unfinished, completed by Leonard Lehrman, 2001)


External links

  • at the Internet Broadway Database
    Internet Broadway Database

    The Internet Broadway Database is an online database of Broadway theatre productions and their personnel. It is operated by the Research Department of The Broadway League, a trade association for the North American commercial theatre community....