Manley Ottmer Hudson
Encyclopedia
Manley Ottmer Hudson was a U.S. lawyer
, specializing in public international law. He was a judge at the Permanent Court of International Justice
, a member of the International Law Commission
, and a mediator in international conflicts. The American Society of International Law
named a medal after him; as did the Harvard University
with a professorship. He was nominated twice for the Nobel peace prize
.
Hudson was born in Saint Peters, Missouri
. He studied at the William Jewell College
in Liberty, Missouri
, achieving bachelor in 1906 and master in 1907. He made PhD at Harvard University
in 1917. He received further PhDs from William Jewell College
(1928), the University of Missouri
(1931), and the University of Delaware
(1934).
He became professor at Harvard in 1919, heading the department of international law from 1923 to 1954. He also was a guest lecturer at the Hague Academy of International Law
(1925), the University of Calcutta
(1927), and the Graduate Institute of International Studies
in 1936. Furthermore, he was an advisor and member of the law department of the League of Nations
, the United States Department of State
, and others.
He became editor of the American Journal of International Law
in 1924. A member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration
since 1933, he worked as a judge at the Permanent Court of International Justice
from 1936 until its dissolve in 1946. Since 1936, he was an associate of the Institut de Droit International
. He also was an advisor and lecturer for international law at the Naval War College
from 1946 to 1952. From 1949 to 1952, he was president of the American Society of International Law
and first chairman of the International Law Commission
. He was appointed Special Rapporteur for the study of nationality including statelessness by the International Law Commission
on 26 July 1951.
Hudson married in 1930; they had two sons. He retired in 1954, and died in Cambridge, Massachusetts
in 1960.
His widow gave his collected 18000 letters, notes, and manuscripts to the library of Harvard in 1964. He left his collection of 1000 law books to the American Society of International Law, which created the Manley-O.-Hudson medal in his honor. He was nominated for the Nobel peace prize in 1933 and 1951. His successor at Harvard was Louis Bruno Sohn
.
Lawyer
A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law; as an attorney, counsel or solicitor; a person who is practicing law." Law is the system of rules of conduct established by the sovereign government of a society to correct wrongs, maintain the stability of political...
, specializing in public international law. He was a judge at the Permanent Court of International Justice
Permanent Court of International Justice
The Permanent Court of International Justice, often called the World Court, was an international court attached to the League of Nations. Created in 1922 , the Court was initially met with a good reaction from states and academics alike, with many cases submitted to it for its first decade of...
, a member of the International Law Commission
International Law Commission
The International Law Commission was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948 for the "promotion of the progressive development of international law and its codification."It holds an annual session at the United Nations Office at Geneva....
, and a mediator in international conflicts. The American Society of International Law
American Society of International Law
The American Society of International Law is a nonprofit, nonpartisan, educational membership organization, based in Washington, D.C.. It was founded in 1906, and was chartered by the United States Congress in 1950...
named a medal after him; as did the Harvard University
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation chartered in the country...
with a professorship. He was nominated twice for the Nobel peace prize
Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.-Background:According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who...
.
Hudson was born in Saint Peters, Missouri
Saint Peters, Missouri
St. Peters is a city in St. Charles County, Missouri, United States. The 2010 census showed the city's population to be 52,575.Interstate 70 passes through the city, providing a major transportation link. In 2008 St. Peters was named the 60th best place to live by Money magazine, putting it at the...
. He studied at the William Jewell College
William Jewell College
William Jewell College is a private, four-year liberal arts college of 1,100 undergraduate students located in Liberty, Missouri, U.S. It was founded in 1849 by members of the Missouri Baptist Convention and other civic leaders, including Robert S. James, a Baptist minister and father of the...
in Liberty, Missouri
Liberty, Missouri
Liberty is a city in Clay County, Missouri and is a suburb of Kansas City, Missouri. At the 2007 population estimate, the city population was 29,993...
, achieving bachelor in 1906 and master in 1907. He made PhD at Harvard University
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation chartered in the country...
in 1917. He received further PhDs from William Jewell College
William Jewell College
William Jewell College is a private, four-year liberal arts college of 1,100 undergraduate students located in Liberty, Missouri, U.S. It was founded in 1849 by members of the Missouri Baptist Convention and other civic leaders, including Robert S. James, a Baptist minister and father of the...
(1928), the University of Missouri
University of Missouri
The University of Missouri System is a state university system providing centralized administration for four universities, a health care system, an extension program, five research and technology parks, and a publishing press. More than 64,000 students are currently enrolled at its four campuses...
(1931), and the University of Delaware
University of Delaware
The university is organized into seven colleges:* College of Agriculture and Natural Resources* College of Arts and Sciences* Alfred Lerner College of Business and Economics* College of Earth, Ocean and Environment* College of Education and Human Development...
(1934).
He became professor at Harvard in 1919, heading the department of international law from 1923 to 1954. He also was a guest lecturer at the Hague Academy of International Law
Hague Academy of International Law
The Hague Academy of International Law is a center for high-level education in both public and private international law housed in the Peace Palace in The Hague, The Netherlands...
(1925), the University of Calcutta
University of Calcutta
The University of Calcutta is a public university located in the city of Kolkata , India, founded on 24 January 1857...
(1927), and the Graduate Institute of International Studies
Graduate Institute of International Studies
The Graduate Institute of International Studies, best known as HEI , was founded in 1927 as one of the first institutions in the world dedicated to the study of international relations...
in 1936. Furthermore, he was an advisor and member of the law department of the League of Nations
League of Nations
The League of Nations was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first permanent international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace...
, the United States Department of State
United States Department of State
The United States Department of State , is the United States federal executive department responsible for international relations of the United States, equivalent to the foreign ministries of other countries...
, and others.
He became editor of the American Journal of International Law
American Journal of International Law
The American Journal of International Law is an English-language scholarly journal focusing on international law and international relations...
in 1924. A member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration
Permanent Court of Arbitration
The Permanent Court of Arbitration , is an international organization based in The Hague in the Netherlands.-History:The court was established in 1899 as one of the acts of the first Hague Peace Conference, which makes it the oldest institution for international dispute resolution.The creation of...
since 1933, he worked as a judge at the Permanent Court of International Justice
Permanent Court of International Justice
The Permanent Court of International Justice, often called the World Court, was an international court attached to the League of Nations. Created in 1922 , the Court was initially met with a good reaction from states and academics alike, with many cases submitted to it for its first decade of...
from 1936 until its dissolve in 1946. Since 1936, he was an associate of the Institut de Droit International
Institut de droit international
The Institut de droit international is an organization devoted to the study and development of international law, whose membership comprises the world's leading public international lawyers...
. He also was an advisor and lecturer for international law at the Naval War College
Naval War College
The Naval War College is an education and research institution of the United States Navy that specializes in developing ideas for naval warfare and passing them along to officers of the Navy. The college is located on the grounds of Naval Station Newport in Newport, Rhode Island...
from 1946 to 1952. From 1949 to 1952, he was president of the American Society of International Law
American Society of International Law
The American Society of International Law is a nonprofit, nonpartisan, educational membership organization, based in Washington, D.C.. It was founded in 1906, and was chartered by the United States Congress in 1950...
and first chairman of the International Law Commission
International Law Commission
The International Law Commission was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948 for the "promotion of the progressive development of international law and its codification."It holds an annual session at the United Nations Office at Geneva....
. He was appointed Special Rapporteur for the study of nationality including statelessness by the International Law Commission
International Law Commission
The International Law Commission was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948 for the "promotion of the progressive development of international law and its codification."It holds an annual session at the United Nations Office at Geneva....
on 26 July 1951.
Hudson married in 1930; they had two sons. He retired in 1954, and died in Cambridge, Massachusetts
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, in the Greater Boston area. It was named in honor of the University of Cambridge in England, an important center of the Puritan theology embraced by the town's founders. Cambridge is home to two of the world's most prominent...
in 1960.
His widow gave his collected 18000 letters, notes, and manuscripts to the library of Harvard in 1964. He left his collection of 1000 law books to the American Society of International Law, which created the Manley-O.-Hudson medal in his honor. He was nominated for the Nobel peace prize in 1933 and 1951. His successor at Harvard was Louis Bruno Sohn
Louis B. Sohn
Louis B. Sohn was born in Lemberg, in what was then Austria-Hungary, later Poland and now Ukraine. He earned his first law degree at John Casimir University in Lwow in 1939, escaping to the United States two weeks before the Nazi invasion of Poland...
.
Selected works
- The Permanent Court of International Justice and the Question of American Participation. Harvard University Press, Cambridge 1925
- Current International Cooperation. Calcutta University Press, Calcutta 1927
- Progress in International Organisation. Stanford University Press, Stanford 1932
- By Pacific Means. Yale University Press, New Haven 1935
- The Permanent Court of International Justice 1920-1942. Macmillan, New York 1943
External links
- ASIL Presidents: Manley Ottmer Hudson
- Manley Ottmer Hudson Papers 1894-1960 via Harvard University