Manjimup, Western Australia
Encyclopedia
Manjimup is a town in Western Australia
Western Australia
Western Australia is a state of Australia, occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Great Australian Bight and Indian Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east and South Australia to the south-east...

, 307 kilometres (191 mi) south of the state capital, Perth
Perth, Western Australia
Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia and the fourth most populous city in Australia. The Perth metropolitan area has an estimated population of almost 1,700,000....

. The town of Manjimup is a regional centre for the largest shire in the South West of Western Australia. At the 2006 census
Census in Australia
The Australian census is administered once every five years by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The most recent census was conducted on 9 August 2011; the next will be conducted in 2016. Prior to the introduction of regular censuses in 1961, they had also been run in 1901, 1911, 1921, 1933,...

, Manjimup had a population of 4,239.

History

Manjimup was named for the Noongar
Noongar
The Noongar are an indigenous Australian people who live in the south-west corner of Western Australia from Geraldton on the west coast to Esperance on the south coast...

 Aboriginal
Indigenous Australians
Indigenous Australians are the original inhabitants of the Australian continent and nearby islands. The Aboriginal Indigenous Australians migrated from the Indian continent around 75,000 to 100,000 years ago....

 words "Manjin" (a broad-leafed edible reed
Reed (plant)
Reed is a generic polyphyletic botanical term used to describe numerous tall, grass-like plants of wet places, which are the namesake vegetation of reed beds...

) and "up" (meeting place, or place of). Manjimup was first settled in 1856 by timber cutter Thomas Muir. It was declared a town in 1910, and a railway from Perth was completed in 1911.

The population expanded when Manjimup became part of the post-World War I Group Settlement Scheme
Group Settlement Scheme
The Group Settlement Scheme was an assisted migration scheme which operated in Western Australia from the early 1920s. It was engineered by Premier James Mitchell and followed on from the Soldier Settlement Scheme immediately after World War I...

. The Group Settlement Scheme was largely unsuccessful because the land was difficult to clear and many of the new settlers were not experienced farmers. The settlers who stayed became dairy farmers, which ended during the 1930s Great Depression
Great Depression in Australia
Australia suffered badly during the period of the Great Depression of the 1930s. The Depression began with the Wall Street Crash of October, 1929 and rapidly spread worldwide. As in other nations, Australia suffered years of high unemployment, poverty, low profits, deflation, plunging incomes, and...

 when the price of butterfat
Butterfat
Butterfat or milkfat is the fatty portion of milk. Milk and cream are often sold according to the amount of butterfat they contain.- Composition :The fatty acids of butterfat are typically composed as follows :...

 collapsed.

Industry

Timber is the town's major industry, but it has been joined by fruit and vegetable farms, dairy farms, wool
Wool
Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and certain other animals, including cashmere from goats, mohair from goats, qiviut from muskoxen, vicuña, alpaca, camel from animals in the camel family, and angora from rabbits....

, grain
GRAIN
GRAIN is a small international non-profit organisation that works to support small farmers and social movements in their struggles for community-controlled and biodiversity-based food systems. Our support takes the form of independent research and analysis, networking at local, regional and...

 and vineyards. The Cripps Pink
Cripps Pink
Cripps Pink is a variety of apple, from which apples meeting quality standards can be sold under the trade mark name Pink Lady. The Cripps Pink variety was originally bred by John Cripps at the Western Australia Department of Agriculture by crossing the Australian apple Lady Williams with a Golden...

, otherwise better known as the Pink Lady apple
Apple
The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, species Malus domestica in the rose family . It is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits, and the most widely known of the many members of genus Malus that are used by humans. Apple grow on small, deciduous trees that blossom in the spring...

 was created in Manjimup by John Cripps from the West Australian Agriculture Service and the trademark is now used on products across four continents. Manjimup used to produce frozen French fries
French fries
French fries , chips, fries, or French-fried potatoes are strips of deep-fried potato. North Americans tend to refer to any pieces of deep-fried potatoes as fries or French fries, while in the United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland and New Zealand, long, thinly cut slices of deep-fried potatoes are...

, and had a lucrative tobacco
Tobacco
Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. It can be consumed, used as a pesticide and, in the form of nicotine tartrate, used in some medicines...

 industry that ended in the 1960s. Manjimup exports include marri
Corymbia calophylla
Corymbia calophylla is a bloodwood native to Western Australia. Common names include Marri and Port Gregory Gum, and a long standing usage has been Red Gum due to the red gum effusions often found on trunks.It is distinctive among bloodwoods for its very large buds and fruit Corymbia calophylla...

 flooring; apples, primarily to India; and spring water to Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...

, Singapore
Singapore
Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...

 and India.

Manjimup is the leading Australian-mainland producer of black truffles and research on truffle-growing is conducted in collaboration with WA universities, with an annual government grant of $250,000 for three years. Manjimup's climate is similar to that of Périgord
Périgord
The Périgord is a former province of France, which corresponds roughly to the current Dordogne département, now forming the northern part of the Aquitaine région. It is divided into four regions, the Périgord Noir , the Périgord Blanc , the Périgord Vert and the Périgord Pourpre...

 and other truffle-growing areas of France. Manjimup truffles are currently supplied to restaurants in Perth, Sydney and Melbourne, and requests for samples have been received from restaurants in France and Germany.

Research is also being conducted on green tea
Green tea
Green tea is made solely from the leaves of Camellia sinensis that have undergone minimal oxidation during processing. Green tea originates from China and has become associated with many cultures throughout Asia. It has recently become more widespread in the West, where black tea is traditionally...

 production by the Department of Agriculture and Food and the Manjimup Horticultural Research Institute. Japanese experts identified Manjimup as a suitable area for growing green tea based on "its climate, 'clean green' image, fertile soils and good rainfall". The Manjimup/Pemberton
Pemberton, Western Australia
Pemberton is a town located in the South West region of Western Australia, named after the early settler Pemberton Walcott. It is the home of the karri tree, the largest tree in Western Australia and the third largest hardwood tree in the world...

 area is a similar distance from the equator
Equator
An equator is the intersection of a sphere's surface with the plane perpendicular to the sphere's axis of rotation and containing the sphere's center of mass....

 as the prime tea-growing area Shizuoka
Shizuoka, Shizuoka
is the capital city of Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, and the prefecture's second-largest city in terms of both population and area. It became one of Japan's 19 "designated cities" in 2005.-Geography:...

 in Japan, and shares similar acidic soils and average annual temperature. Trials of 10 varieties of green tea will determine which green tea varieties will be the most successful.

Tourism

Manjimup tourist attractions include the Diamond Tree
Diamond Tree
The Diamond Tree is a giant Karri tree located 10km South of Manjimup, Western Australia on the South Western Highway.A wooden viewing platform built in 1939 is located 52 metres up, and is the oldest wooden platform fire look-out still in use today....

 fire lookout; the Four Aces, which are four 75 metre-tall karri trees over 400 years old; One Tree Bridge, a bridge made of a single karri tree; Fonty's Pool
Fonty's Pool
Fonty's Pool is a historic freshwater swimming pool near Manjimup, Western Australia. It is registered with the National Trust of Australia as an area of heritage significance.-Creation of the pool:...

; a timber museum called Manjimup Timber Park; and timber sawmill
Sawmill
A sawmill is a facility where logs are cut into boards.-Sawmill process:A sawmill's basic operation is much like those of hundreds of years ago; a log enters on one end and dimensional lumber exits on the other end....

s including Deanmill
Deanmill, Western Australia
Deanmill is a historic timber town located in the South West region of Western Australia, near Manjimup. Its postcode is 6258.-History:After the Government Trading Concerns Act 1912 was passed in December of that year, several State-operated businesses were established...

. During wildflower
Wildflower
A wildflower is a flower that grows wild, meaning it was not intentionally seeded or planted. Yet "wildflower" meadows of a few mixed species are sold in seed packets. The term "wildflower" has been made vague by commercial seedsmen who are interested in selling more flowers or seeds more...

 season from October to December, the King Jarrah Heritage Trail is home to various native flowers.

Since 2001, an annual cherry
Cherry
The cherry is the fruit of many plants of the genus Prunus, and is a fleshy stone fruit. The cherry fruits of commerce are usually obtained from a limited number of species, including especially cultivars of the wild cherry, Prunus avium....

 festival has been held in December. The three day festival features the crowning of the cherry king and queen and a cherry spitting competition, and is attended by some 5,000 visitors. In 1980, Manjimup held its first motocross
Motocross
Motocross is a form of motorcycle sport or all-terrain vehicle racing held on enclosed off road circuits. It evolved from trials, and was called scrambles, and later motocross, combining the French moto with cross-country...

 event, named the Manjimup 15000 International Motocross in honour of the $15,000 prize for first place. The event was held annually in June until it was cancelled in 2006 due to public liability
Public liability
Public liability is part of the law of tort which focuses on civil wrongs. An applicant usually sues the respondent under common law based on negligence and/or damages...

 insurance issues and a lack of volunteers. In 2005, the event drew 6,000 spectators and 340 competitors from Australia, New Zealand and the United States. In 2009 the event will be run again on 30/31 May.

Education

Two public primary schools and one public high school
High school
High school is a term used in parts of the English speaking world to describe institutions which provide all or part of secondary education. The term is often incorporated into the name of such institutions....

 are located in Manjimup with a Catholic K-12 school, Kearnan College also. Manjimup Primary School opened in 1911, and moved to a new location in 2005. Manjimup Primary School had 431 students in semester 2, 2007, with 40 of those students in part-time kindergarten
Kindergarten
A kindergarten is a preschool educational institution for children. The term was created by Friedrich Fröbel for the play and activity institute that he created in 1837 in Bad Blankenburg as a social experience for children for their transition from home to school...

. The student attendance rate is 94%, compared with 93.1% state-wide. The school's students tend to remain in Manjimup for their secondary education.

East Manjimup Primary School opened in 1971. Seventy-five percent of students live in the town east of the railway line, with the remaining students from farms or smaller communities out of town or outside the school's catchment area. The school had 331 students in semester 2, 2007, with 36 in part-time kindergarten. Its student attendance rate is 93.2%.

The town's high school, Manjimup Senior High School
Manjimup Senior High School
Manjimup Senior High School is a comprehensive public high school located in Manjimup, a regional centre south of Perth, Western Australia.The school was established in 1957 and by 2009 had an enrolment of 618 students between Year 8 and Year 12, 37 of whom were Aboriginal.The high school was...

, was established in 1957. School facilities were upgraded in 1997 and 1999, with the addition of a Technology and Enterprise Centre and refurbishment of several areas. Over half of its students travel to school on the school's buses, with the most distant students travelling more than 80 km, each way, per day. The school catchment area includes Manjimup, Bridgetown
Bridgetown, Western Australia
-Notable people:*Emily Barker, singer-songwriter*Jon Doust, author and comedian*Robyn McSweeney, politician*Tom O'Dwyer, cricketer*David Reid, politician*Deborah Robertson, novelist and poet-External links:* * * * * * * *...

, Northcliffe
Northcliffe, Western Australia
Northcliffe is a town located in the lower South West region of Western Australia, about south of the town of Pemberton. At the 2006 census, Northcliffe had a population of 412....

, Pemberton
Pemberton, Western Australia
Pemberton is a town located in the South West region of Western Australia, named after the early settler Pemberton Walcott. It is the home of the karri tree, the largest tree in Western Australia and the third largest hardwood tree in the world...

 and Boyup Brook
Boyup Brook, Western Australia
Boyup Brook is a town located in the south-west of Western Australia, south-southeast of Perth and northeast of Bridgetown.The name Boyup is derived from the name of a nearby pool "Booyup", an Aboriginal term meaning "place of big stones" or "place of big smoke" .The town's economy is...

. Manjimup Senior High School had 668 students in semester 2, 2007. Selected school programmes are delivered in partnership with South West College of TAFE, Challenger TAFE, and Edith Cowan University
Edith Cowan University
Edith Cowan University is located in Perth, Western Australia. It was named after the first woman to be elected to an Australian Parliament, Edith Cowan, and is the only Australian university named after a woman....

. The school consistently performs well in Tertiary Entrance Exam
Tertiary Entrance Exam
For the new examination and curriculum system that has replaced the Tertiary Entrance Exam , see WACE ....

 results. In 2007, Manjimup Senior High School was the best performing state school in WA, placed at number 8 in the list of top-performing schools.

Transportation

The railway from Bridgetown
Bridgetown, Western Australia
-Notable people:*Emily Barker, singer-songwriter*Jon Doust, author and comedian*Robyn McSweeney, politician*Tom O'Dwyer, cricketer*David Reid, politician*Deborah Robertson, novelist and poet-External links:* * * * * * * *...

 was extended to Wilgarup in 1909, and the railway line opened in 1911. As the line's terminus was near the Manjimup homestead, the station was named Manjimup. Aside from passengers, trains were used to transport timber
Lumber
Lumber or timber is wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural material for construction, or wood pulp for paper production....

 to and from the sawmill
Sawmill
A sawmill is a facility where logs are cut into boards.-Sawmill process:A sawmill's basic operation is much like those of hundreds of years ago; a log enters on one end and dimensional lumber exits on the other end....

s in the area. The rail yards closed in 1997 and were redeveloped into Manji Park tourism precinct in 2003.

Cars
CARS
Cars, or automobiles, motor cars, are wheeled motor vehicles used for transporting passengers.Cars or CARS may also refer to:-Entertainment:* Cars , a Disney/Pixar film series...

 are the primary method of transport in Manjimup - according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics
Australian Bureau of Statistics
The Australian Bureau of Statistics is Australia's national statistical agency. It was created as the Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics on 8 December 1905, when the Census and Statistics Act 1905 was given Royal assent. It had its beginnings in section 51 of the Constitution of Australia...

' 2006 census, 91% of people commuting to work were drivers or passengers in cars. The next most popular method of transport was walking, at 4.5%. The Manjimup Volunteer and Resource Centre runs a community bus service, primarily for youth, seniors, and people with disabilities and the Public Transport Authority contracts school bus services to Warren Bus Service.

Public transport
Public transport
Public transport is a shared passenger transportation service which is available for use by the general public, as distinct from modes such as taxicab, car pooling or hired buses which are not shared by strangers without private arrangement.Public transport modes include buses, trolleybuses, trams...

 between Perth and Manjimup consists of Transwa
Transwa
Transwa is Western Australia's regional public transport provider, linking 275 destinations within Western Australia, from Kalbarri in the north to Augusta in the south to Esperance in the east along with the regional centres of Bunbury, Kalgoorlie, Northam, Geraldton and Albany.Transwa is...

 bus
Bus
A bus is a road vehicle designed to carry passengers. Buses can have a capacity as high as 300 passengers. The most common type of bus is the single-decker bus, with larger loads carried by double-decker buses and articulated buses, and smaller loads carried by midibuses and minibuses; coaches are...

 services 315 (Sunday) and 321 (Monday and Wednesday) from Perth to Pemberton
Pemberton, Western Australia
Pemberton is a town located in the South West region of Western Australia, named after the early settler Pemberton Walcott. It is the home of the karri tree, the largest tree in Western Australia and the third largest hardwood tree in the world...

 via Bunbury
Bunbury, Western Australia
The port city of Bunbury is the third largest city in Western Australia after the State Capital Perth and Mandurah. It is situated south of Perth's central business district...

, and 322 (Monday, Tuesday, Thursday) from Pemberton to Perth, also via Bunbury. Travellers can also take the daily Australind
Transwa Australind
The Transwa Australind is a diesel railcar train operated by Transwa that runs between Perth, Western Australia, and the south-west city of Bunbury on the South Western Railway . The Australind fleet consists of three powered railcars ADP101, ADP102 and ADP103, with two non-driving trailers ADQ121...

 train between the Perth and Bunbury portion of the journey. South West Coach Lines travels between Perth and Manjimup on weekdays.

Politics

Manjimup is located in the Western Australian
State Electoral District
State Electoral District is a term used to refer to an electorate within the Lower House or Legislative Assembly of Australian states and territories...

 electoral district of Blackwood-Stirling
Electoral district of Blackwood-Stirling
The Electoral district of Blackwood-Stirling is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia.The district takes parts of the South West and Great Southern regions of Western Australia....

 and Federal Division of O'Connor
Division of O'Connor
The Division of O'Connor is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Western Australia. It is one of Western Australia's three rural seats....

.
The statistics below combine votes from the Manjimup and East Manjimup polling places.

Forestry issues

The Manjimup region has been the focus of forest issues for over 80 years - initially the development of the Group Settlement Scheme saw forests cleared for settlements, then in the 1970s the Manjimup woodchipping
Woodchipping
Woodchipping is the act and industry of chipping wood for pulp, processed wood products, and mulch.-Papermaking:Timber is converted to woodchips and sold, primarily, for pulp production used in paper manufacture...

 scheme attracted widespread interest in the concern for the karri forests of the region. Two conservation groups prominently involved were Campaign to Save Native Forests
Campaign to Save Native Forests
The Campaign to Save Native Forests was the name of a grassroots organisation which grew from a campaign started in Perth, Western Australia, in 1975, as a response to the development of a woodchipping industry in the south-west Jarrah and Karri forests of Western Australia...

 and South West Forests Defence Foundation
South West Forests Defence Foundation
South West Forests Defence Foundation is a group that has been involved with three decades of involvement with the conservation of the Jarrah and Karri forests of the South West region of Western Australia....

. Subsequent to the woodchipping controversies, the issue of old growth forests saw considerable interaction between conservationists - and local forestry organisations - the resultant conflicts were in part resolved by government intervention, reducing clearfell quotas and providing schemes to re-deploy forestry workers made redundant by the reduction in the industry.

Climate

Manjimup has a mild Mediterranean climate
Mediterranean climate
A Mediterranean climate is the climate typical of most of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, and is a particular variety of subtropical climate...

, with cool wet winters and warm dry summers. Manjimup's longest consecutive run of cold days was 20 days between 13 July and 1 August 1958, and its longest consecutive wet spell was 44 days between 1 July to 13 August 1946. During this period, 374 mm of rain fell.
Manjimup Climate Data
Temperature
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high 42.7 °C (108.9 °F) 41.6 °C (106.9 °F) 41.2 °C (106.2 °F) 33.6 °C (92.5 °F) 29.2 °C (84.6 °F) 22.9 °C (73.2 °F) 21.6 °C (70.9 °F) 24.4 °C (75.9 °F) 28.2 °C (82.8 °F) 33.3 °C (91.9 °F) 38.7 °C (101.7 °F) 40 °C (104 °F) 42.7 °C (108.9 °F)
Average high 27 °C (80.6 °F) 26.9 °C (80.4 °F) 24.7 °C (76.5 °F) 21 °C (69.8 °F) 17.5 °C (63.5 °F) 15.2 °C (59.4 °F) 14.3 °C (57.7 °F) 14.9 °C (58.8 °F) 16.5 °C (61.7 °F) 18.7 °C (65.7 °F) 21.8 °C (71.2 °F) 24.8 °C (76.6 °F) 20.3 °C (68.5 °F)
Average low 13 °C (55.4 °F) 13.3 °C (55.9 °F) 12.5 °C (54.5 °F) 10.7 °C (51.3 °F) 8.9 °C (48 °F) 7.4 °C (45.3 °F) 6.4 °C (43.5 °F) 6.5 °C (43.7 °F) 7.2 °C (45 °F) 8.2 °C (46.8 °F) 10.1 °C (50.2 °F) 11.6 °C (52.9 °F) 9.6 °C (49.3 °F)
Record low 6 °C (42.8 °F) 5.6 °C (42.1 °F) 3.3 °C (37.9 °F) 1.6 °C (34.9 °F) -0.6 °C 0.2 °C (32.4 °F) -0.6 °C 0 °C (32 °F) 0.6 °C (33.1 °F) 0.1 °C (32.2 °F) 2.3 °C (36.1 °F) 4.4 °C (39.9 °F) -0.6 °C
Rainfall
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total
Highest rainfall 92.2 mm (3.6 in) 117.4 mm (4.6 in) 137.7 mm (5.4 in) 193.8 mm (7.6 in) 269 mm (10.6 in) 331.9 mm (13.1 in) 319.7 mm (12.6 in) 323.3 mm (12.7 in) 256.5 mm (10.1 in) 165.4 mm (6.5 in) 121.6 mm (4.8 in) 98 mm (3.9 in) 1761.2 mm (69.3 in)
Average rainfall 19.3 mm (0.759842519685039 in) 19.1 mm (0.751968503937008 in) 30.8 mm (1.2 in) 60.3 mm (2.4 in) 132.6 mm (5.2 in) 166.5 mm (6.6 in) 175.7 mm (6.9 in) 148.7 mm (5.9 in) 109.2 mm (4.3 in) 77.9 mm (3.1 in) 46.2 mm (1.8 in) 25.2 mm (0.992125984251969 in) 1010.9 mm (39.8 in)
Lowest rainfall 0 mm (0 in) 0 mm (0 in) 0.5 mm (0.0196850393700787 in) 4 mm (0.15748031496063 in) 26.3 mm (1 in) 13.8 mm (0.543307086614173 in) 42.7 mm (1.7 in) 49 mm (1.9 in) 23.9 mm (0.940944881889764 in) 8.9 mm (0.350393700787402 in) 2.5 mm (0.0984251968503937 in) 0 mm (0 in) 650.3 mm (25.6 in)
Average rainy days 5.8 5.8 7.4 11.3 17.4 19.8 22.0 20.8 17.4 14.9 10.3 7.2 160.1
Bureau of Meteorology

External links

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