Malvaglia
Encyclopedia
Malvaglia is a former municipality
Municipalities of Switzerland
Communes , also known as municipalities, are the smallest government division in Switzerland, numbering 2,596 . While many have a population of a few hundred citizens, the largest cities such as Zürich or Geneva also have the legal status of municipalities...

 in the district of Blenio
Blenio (district)
The district of Blenio is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It has a population of . The capital of the district is Acquarossa.-Geography:...

 in the canton
Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848...

 of Ticino
Ticino
Canton Ticino or Ticino is the southernmost canton of Switzerland. Named after the Ticino river, it is the only canton in which Italian is the sole official language...

 in Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....

. Since 15 March 2011, it is part of the municipality Serravalle. The reservoir Bacino di Val Malvaglia
Bacino di Val Malvaglia
Bacino di Val Malvaglia is a lake above Malvaglia in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland. The reservoir's surface area is 0.19 km2. Its arch dam was built in 1959 and is operated by Officine Idroelettriche di Blenio SA ....

 is located above the village of Malvaglia.

History

Malvaglia is first mentioned in 1205 as de Malvallia. In German it used to be known as Manglia. Malvaglia's development and history is closely tied to the development and history of the Blenio valley. In the settlement of Rongier, an ancient town on the Lukmanier road
Lukmanier Pass
Lukmanier Pass is a pass in the Swiss Alps.The road from Disentis/Mustér in the canton of Graubünden leads through the Val Medel across the pass to the Blenio valley and Biasca in the canton of Ticino.The Pass is kept opened during the winter.-See also:* List of highest paved roads in Europe*...

, a Roman
Switzerland in the Roman era
The history of Switzerland in the Roman era encompasses the roughly six centuries during which the territory of modern Switzerland was a part of the Roman Republic and Empire...

 coin hoard was found. The settlement is also home to the Casa Baggio. Casa Baggio was built in the 16th Century and expanded in the 17th. It was probably the ruling seat of the bailiff
Bailiff
A bailiff is a governor or custodian ; a legal officer to whom some degree of authority, care or jurisdiction is committed...

. The building is now listed as a historic building. Above the village is also the remains of Casa dei pagani, a cave castle from the 11th-13th Centuries.

The original, parish church
Parish church
A parish church , in Christianity, is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish, the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches....

 was dedicated to St. Benedict and first mentioned in 1207. The current building, with St. Martin a the patron saint
Patron saint
A patron saint is a saint who is regarded as the intercessor and advocate in heaven of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family, or person...

 is from 1602–03, but the bell tower is from the 13th Century.

The local economy was dominated by agriculture, animal husbandry, vineyards. The emigration in until 19th Century to Italy and in the 19th and 20th Centuries to France, England, and America, led to a sharp population decline. Between 1933 and 1959, the first cable car in the Canton was in operation between Malvaglia and Ponterio in the Malvaglia Valley. In 1995 a new line was inaugurated on Mount Dagro. In the 1940s for the construction of the dam, a road was built into the Malvaglia Valley. The ring road around the village open in 1976. In 2000 about one-third and one-half of the workers were employed in manufacturing and the services sectors, respectively. More than half of employed persons worked outside of the municipality.

Geography

Malvaglia has an area, , of 80.31 square kilometres (31 sq mi). Of this area, 1.78 km² (0.687261842294712 sq mi) or 2.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 31.11 km² (12 sq mi) or 38.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.02 km² (0.393824201764386 sq mi) or 1.3% is settled (buildings or roads), 1.12 km² (0.432434417623639 sq mi) or 1.4% is either rivers or lakes and 36.74 km² (14.2 sq mi) or 45.7% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 0.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 0.3%. Out of the forested land, 28.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.7% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 1.0% is used for growing crops. Of the water in the municipality, 0.3% is in lakes and 1.1% is in rivers and streams. Of the unproductive areas, 15.4% is unproductive vegetation and 30.3% is too rocky for vegetation.

The municipality was located in the Blenio district, on the left bank of the Brenno river. The municipalities of Ludiano
Ludiano
Ludiano is a former municipality in the district of Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. Since 15 March 2011, it is part of the municipality Serravalle.-History:...

, Malvaglia and Semione
Semione
Semione is a former municipality in the district of Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. Since 15 March 2011, it is part of the municipality Serravalle.-Geography:...

 merged on 15 March 2011 into the new municipality Serravalle.

Coat of arms

The blazon
Blazon
In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image...

 of the municipal coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...

 is Quartered first and fourth Or an Eagle Sable langued, beaked and membered Gules and second and third Gules a Serpent Argent.

Demographics

Malvaglia has a population of . , 8.6% of the population are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 7.6%.

Most of the population speaks Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...

(90.3%), with German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....

 being second most common ( 4.7%) and French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...

 being third ( 2.8%). Of the Swiss national languages , 55 speak German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....

, 33 people speak French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...

, 1,058 people speak Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...

, and 3 people speak Romansh. The remainder (23 people) speak another language.

, the gender distribution of the population was 51.9% male and 48.1% female. The population was made up of 623 Swiss men (47.3% of the population), and 60 (4.6%) non-Swiss men. There were 588 Swiss women (44.7%), and 45 (3.4%) non-Swiss women.

In there were 14 live births to Swiss citizens and births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 15 deaths of Swiss citizens. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 1 while the foreign population remained the same. There was 1 Swiss man and 1 Swiss woman who immigrated back to Switzerland. At the same time, there were 6 non-Swiss men and 2 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources) was an increase of 17 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 12 people. This represents a population growth rate of 2.3%.

The age distribution, , in Malvaglia is; 152 children or 11.6% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 122 teenagers or 9.3% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 127 people or 9.7% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 199 people or 15.1% are between 30 and 39, 199 people or 15.1% are between 40 and 49, and 153 people or 11.6% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 141 people or 10.7% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 154 people or 11.7% are between 70 and 79, there are 69 people or 5.2% who are over 80.

the average number of residents per living room was 0.58 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.6 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 64% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage
Mortgage loan
A mortgage loan is a loan secured by real property through the use of a mortgage note which evidences the existence of the loan and the encumbrance of that realty through the granting of a mortgage which secures the loan...

 or a rent-to-own agreement).

, there were 503 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.3 persons per household. there were 557 single family homes (or 79.6% of the total) out of a total of 700 inhabited buildings. There were 94 two family buildings (13.4%) and 28 multi-family buildings (4.0%). There were also 21 buildings in the municipality that were multipurpose buildings (used for both housing and commercial or another purpose).

The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0.1%. there were 858 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the 4 room apartment of which there were 266. There were 40 single room apartments and 195 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 503 apartments (58.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 341 apartments (39.7%) were seasonally occupied and 14 apartments (1.6%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 0 new units per 1000 residents.

The historical population is given in the following table:
year population
1602 1,164
1808 1,056
1850 1,647
1880 2,022
1900 1,606
1950 1,120
2000 1,172

Heritage sites of national significance

The Casa dei pagani (a cave castle) and the parish church
Parish church
A parish church , in Christianity, is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish, the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches....

 of S. Martino with its ossuary
Ossuary
An ossuary is a chest, building, well, or site made to serve as the final resting place of human skeletal remains. They are frequently used where burial space is scarce. A body is first buried in a temporary grave, then after some years the skeletal remains are removed and placed in an ossuary...

 and churchyard are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance
Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance
The Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance is a register of some 8,300 items of cultural property in Switzerland...

. The village of Rongie/Orino and the Val Malvaglia region are both listed on the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
The Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites is part of a 1981 Ordinance of the Swiss Federal Council implementing the Federal Law on the Protection of Nature and Cultural Heritage.-Sites of national importance:-Types:...


Politics

In the 2007 federal election
Swiss federal election, 2007
Elections to the Swiss Federal Assembly, the federal parliament of Switzerland, were held on Sunday, 21 October 2007. In a few cantons, a second round of the elections to the Council of States was held on 11 November, 18 November, and 25 November 2007...

 the most popular party was the CVP
Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland is a Christian democratic political party in Switzerland. It is the fourth-largest party in the National Council, with 31 seats, and the largest in the Council of States, with 15 seats. It has one seat, that of Doris Leuthard, on the Swiss...

 which received 35.25% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP
FDP.The Liberals
FDP.The Liberals is a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It is the joint-largest party in the Federal Council, third-largest party in the National Council, and second-largest in the Council of States....

 (29.28%), the Ticino League
Ticino League
The Ticino League is an isolationist, national conservative political party in Switzerland active in the canton of Ticino.In 1991, after some public campaigning in the Sunday journal Mattino della Domenica against political power and use of public money, the editor Giuliano Bignasca and the...

 (14.6%) and the SP
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....

 (12.29%). In the federal election, a total of 642 votes were cast, and the voter turnout
Voter turnout
Voter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election . After increasing for many decades, there has been a trend of decreasing voter turnout in most established democracies since the 1960s...

 was 55.4%.

In the Gran Consiglio election, there were a total of 1,690 registered voters in Malvaglia, of which 823 or 48.7% voted. 13 blank ballots and 2 null ballots were cast, leaving 808 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the PLRT
FDP.The Liberals
FDP.The Liberals is a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It is the joint-largest party in the Federal Council, third-largest party in the National Council, and second-largest in the Council of States....

 which received 205 or 25.4% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PLRT
FDP.The Liberals
FDP.The Liberals is a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It is the joint-largest party in the Federal Council, third-largest party in the National Council, and second-largest in the Council of States....

 (with 205 or 25.4%), the PS
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....

 (with 124 or 15.3%) and the LEGA
Ticino League
The Ticino League is an isolationist, national conservative political party in Switzerland active in the canton of Ticino.In 1991, after some public campaigning in the Sunday journal Mattino della Domenica against political power and use of public money, the editor Giuliano Bignasca and the...

 (with 117 or 14.5%).

In the Consiglio di Stato election, there were 11 blank ballots and 3 null ballots, which left 809 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the PPD which received 194 or 24.0% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PLRT (with 187 or 23.1%), the LEGA (with 164 or 20.3%) and the PS (with 127 or 15.7%).

Economy

, Malvaglia had an unemployment rate of 2.33%. , there were 97 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 43 businesses involved in this sector. 116 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 14 businesses in this sector. 112 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 34 businesses in this sector. There were 498 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 34.1% of the workforce.

, there were 78 workers who commuted into the municipality and 310 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 4.0 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 6% used public transportation to get to work, and 70.1% used a private car.

, there was one hotel in Malvaglia.

Religion

From the , 986 or 84.1% were Roman Catholic, while 40 or 3.4% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church
Swiss Reformed Church
The Reformed branch of Protestantism in Switzerland was started in Zürich by Huldrych Zwingli and spread within a few years to Basel , Bern , St...

. There are 110 individuals (or about 9.39% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), and 36 individuals (or about 3.07% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education

The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Malvaglia about 68.6% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either University or a Fachhochschule
Fachhochschule
A Fachhochschule or University of Applied Sciences is a German type of tertiary education institution, sometimes specialized in certain topical areas . Fachhochschulen were founded in Germany and later adopted by Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Greece...

).

In Malvaglia there are a total of 226 students . The Ticino education system
Education in Switzerland
The education system in Switzerland is very diverse, because the constitution of Switzerland delegates the authority for the school system mainly to the cantons...

 provides up to three years of non-mandatory kindergarten
Kindergarten
A kindergarten is a preschool educational institution for children. The term was created by Friedrich Fröbel for the play and activity institute that he created in 1837 in Bad Blankenburg as a social experience for children for their transition from home to school...

and in Malvaglia there are 44 children in kindergarten. The primary school program lasts for five years and includes both a standard school and a special school. In the municipality, 73 students attend the standard primary schools and students attend the special school. In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two year middle school followed by a two year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four year program to prepare for higher education. There are 51 students in the two year middle school and in their pre-apprenticeship, while 16 students are in the four year advanced program.

The upper secondary school includes several options, but at the end of the upper secondary program, a student will be prepared to enter a trade or to continue on to a university or college. In Ticino, vocational students may either attend school while working on their internship or apprenticeship (which takes three or four years) or may attend school followed by an internship or apprenticeship (which takes one year as a full-time student or one and a half to two years as a part-time student). There are 8 vocational students who are attending school full-time and 33 who attend part-time.

The professional program lasts three years and prepares a student for a job in engineering, nursing, computer science, business, tourism and similar fields. There was 1 student in the professional program.

, there were 46 students in Malvaglia who came from another municipality, while 92 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
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