Malcolm K. Hughes
Encyclopedia
Malcolm K. Hughes is a meso-climatologist and Regents' Professor of Dendrochronology
Dendrochronology
Dendrochronology or tree-ring dating is the scientific method of dating based on the analysis of patterns of tree-rings. Dendrochronology can date the time at which tree rings were formed, in many types of wood, to the exact calendar year...

 in the Laboratory for Tree-Ring Research at the University of Arizona
University of Arizona
The University of Arizona is a land-grant and space-grant public institution of higher education and research located in Tucson, Arizona, United States. The University of Arizona was the first university in the state of Arizona, founded in 1885...

. He was born in Matlock, Derbyshire, England, and earned a Ph.D in ecology
Ecology
Ecology is the scientific study of the relations that living organisms have with respect to each other and their natural environment. Variables of interest to ecologists include the composition, distribution, amount , number, and changing states of organisms within and among ecosystems...

 from the University of Durham. Since 1998, he is a fellow of the American Geophysical Union
American Geophysical Union
The American Geophysical Union is a nonprofit organization of geophysicists, consisting of over 50,000 members from over 135 countries. AGU's activities are focused on the organization and dissemination of scientific information in the interdisciplinary and international field of geophysics...

. His research is on the nature of climate variability, specifically focusing on the timescales of years to centuries. He uses natural recorded records such as tree rings.

Hughes has studied geographical areas including Europe, Asia, and the Sierra Nevada. In addition of tree rings, Hughes uses ice cores, laminated sediments
Varve
A varve is an annual layer of sediment or sedimentary rock.The word 'varve' is derived from the Swedish word varv whose meanings and connotations include 'revolution', 'in layers', and 'circle'. The term first appeared as Hvarfig lera on the first map produced by the Geological Survey of Sweden in...

, and the historical temperature record to help understand past climates. In 1998, he was a co-author with Michael E. Mann and Raymond S. Bradley on a paper which later spurred the hockey stick controversy
Hockey stick controversy
The hockey stick controversy refers to debates over the technical correctness and implications for global warming of graphs showing reconstructed estimates of the temperature record of the past 1000 years...

.

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