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Makhachkala
 
 
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Makhachkala (Avar
Avar language

The modern Avar language belongs to the Avar-Andi-Tsez subgroup of the Alarodian Northeast-Caucasian language family....
: ???I???????, Kumyk
Kumyk language

Kumyk is a Turkic languages, spoken by about 365,000 speakers in the Dagestan republic of Russian Federation.Yir?i Qazaq is usually considered to be a founder of Kumyk literature....
: ???????????, Magaçqala) is a city in Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
, the capital of the Republic of Dagestan
Dagestan

The Republic of Dagestan , older spelling Daghestan, is a federal subjects of Russia of the Russia ....
. It is located on the western shore of the Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the List of lakes by area or a full-fledged sea. It has a surface area of 371,000 square kilometers and a volume of 78,200 cubic kilometers ....
, at . Population: 462,412 (2002 Census
Russian Census (2002)

Russian Census of 2002 was the first census of the Russian Federation carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Goskomstat ....
).

achkala's historic predecessor was the town of Tarki
Tarki

Tarki or Targhu is an urban-type settlement in the Dagestan, Russia, situated approximately six kilometers from the republic's capital, Makhachkala, on the Tarkitau Mountain....
, now a mere suburb, whose history goes back to the 15th century and possibly much earlier. The modern city of Makhachkala was founded in 1844 as a fortress; town status was granted in 1857.






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Makhachkala (Avar
Avar language

The modern Avar language belongs to the Avar-Andi-Tsez subgroup of the Alarodian Northeast-Caucasian language family....
: ???I???????, Kumyk
Kumyk language

Kumyk is a Turkic languages, spoken by about 365,000 speakers in the Dagestan republic of Russian Federation.Yir?i Qazaq is usually considered to be a founder of Kumyk literature....
: ???????????, Magaçqala) is a city in Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
, the capital of the Republic of Dagestan
Dagestan

The Republic of Dagestan , older spelling Daghestan, is a federal subjects of Russia of the Russia ....
. It is located on the western shore of the Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the List of lakes by area or a full-fledged sea. It has a surface area of 371,000 square kilometers and a volume of 78,200 cubic kilometers ....
, at . Population: 462,412 (2002 Census
Russian Census (2002)

Russian Census of 2002 was the first census of the Russian Federation carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Goskomstat ....
).

History

Makhachkala's historic predecessor was the town of Tarki
Tarki

Tarki or Targhu is an urban-type settlement in the Dagestan, Russia, situated approximately six kilometers from the republic's capital, Makhachkala, on the Tarkitau Mountain....
, now a mere suburb, whose history goes back to the 15th century and possibly much earlier. The modern city of Makhachkala was founded in 1844 as a fortress; town status was granted in 1857. The original name of the city was Petrovskoye —after the Russian tsar
Tsar

Tsar or czar , occasionally spelled csar or tzar in English language, is a slavs term designating certain monarchs.Originally, the title Czar meant Emperor in the European medieval sense of the term, that is, a ruler who has the same rank as a Ancient Rome or Byzantine emperor due to recognition by another emperor or...
 Peter the Great
Peter I of Russia

Peter I the Great or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov ruled Russia and later the Russian Empire from until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his weak and sickly half-brother, Ivan V of Russia....
 who visited the region in 1722, however among the locals it was known as Anzhi-Qala (A Fortress of Soil, Qala or Kala ???? means Fortress in Persian
Persian language

name=Persian|nativename=|pronunciation=[f??r'si]|image=|caption=Farsi in Perso-Arabic script |states= Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Bahrain....
 and Arabic). The city was renamed Petrovsk-Port in 1857, and then Makhachkala in 1921. The city incurred major damage during the earthquake
Earthquake

An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes are recorded with a seismometer, also known as a seismograph....
 of May 14, 1970.

City districts

Administratively, the city is divided into three city districts: Leninsky, Sovetsky, and Kirovsky.

Demographics

In 1994, population of Makhachkala included:
  • 20% Avars
  • 20% Russians
  • 10% Dargins
  • 50% others


According to another source, population of Makhachkala include:
  • Avars (21%)
  • Russians (18%)
  • Kumyks (15%)
  • Dargins (12.4%)
  • Laks (12%)
  • Lezgins (9.5%)
  • Chechens (4.3%)
  • Azeri (1.6%)


Sister cities

Makhachkala is twinned with:
  • Siping
    Siping (city)

    Siping , formerly Ssupingkai , is a city in Jilin inNortheast China. The percentage of Han Chinese is at 91%, and there are Manchu, Mongols and Koreans minorities....
    , China
    People's Republic of China

    The People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the List of countries by population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately a fifth of the world's population....
    .
  • Spokane, Washington
    Spokane, Washington

    Spokane is a city located in the Northwestern United States in the state of Washington. Spokane is the largest city and county seat of Spokane County, as well as the metropolitan center of the Inland Northwest region....
     USA
    United States

    The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
    .
  • Vladikavkaz
    Vladikavkaz

    Vladikavkaz is the capital types of inhabited localities in Russia of the North Ossetia-Alania, Russia. It is situated in the south-east of the republic at the foothills of the Caucasus mountains, situated on the Terek River....
    , Russia
    Russia

    Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
    .
  • Yalova
    Yalova

    Yalova is a city located in northwestern Turkey, on the eastern coast of the Sea of Marmara, and is the capital of the Yalova Province. Yalova has a city population of 70,858, while the population of the Yalova Province is 188,440....
    , Turkey
    Turkey

    Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
    .