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Macintosh II
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The Apple Macintosh II was the first personal computer model of the Macintosh II series in the Apple Macintosh line. (Not to be confused with the Apple II family of non-Macintosh computers.)
Retailing for US$3,898 base price (for the CPU unit only), the Macintosh II was the first "modular" Macintosh model, so called because it came in a horizontal desktop case like many PCs of the time. All previous Macintosh computers used an all-in-one design with a built-in black-and-white monitor.
The Macintosh II introduced space for an internal hard disk (originally 20 MB or 40 MB) and an optional second floppy disk drive.
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Encyclopedia
The Apple Macintosh II was the first personal computer model of the Macintosh II series in the Apple Macintosh line. (Not to be confused with the Apple II family of non-Macintosh computers.)
Retailing for US$3,898 base price (for the CPU unit only), the Macintosh II was the first "modular" Macintosh model, so called because it came in a horizontal desktop case like many PCs of the time. All previous Macintosh computers used an all-in-one design with a built-in black-and-white monitor.
The Macintosh II introduced space for an internal hard disk (originally 20 MB or 40 MB) and an optional second floppy disk drive. It also was the first Macintosh computer, simultaneously with the Macintosh SE, to use the Apple Desktop Bus (ADB), introduced with the Apple IIGS, for keyboard and mouse interface.
The primary improvement in the Mac II was Color QuickDraw in ROM, a color version of the graphics language which was the heart of the machine. Among the many innovations in Color QuickDraw were an ability to handle any display size, any color depth, and multiple monitors. The Mac II's graphics were groundbreaking for the time — it was the first personal computer which could display truly photorealistic images. Because Color QuickDraw was in ROM, earlier Macintoshes could not display color, and many early adopters felt betrayed by Apple. After a year or two, Apple changed direction and began shipping Color QuickDraw in the operating system, allowing earlier computers to run color programs in black & white.
The Macintosh II was designed by hardware engineers Michael Dhuey (computer) and Brian Berkeley (monitor). A basic system with 20 Mb drive and monitor cost about $5200, A complete color-capable system could cost as much as $10,000 once the cost of the color monitor, video card, hard disk, keyboard and RAM were added. This price point placed it in competition with workstations from Silicon Graphics, Sun Microsystems and Hewlett-Packard although it still used the less-capable Mac OS instead of the Unix of those systems. The OS features placed it more squarely in competition with 386 based PCs and the Amiga 2000.
Introduced in 1987, the Mac II featured a Motorola 68020 processor operating at 16 MHz teamed with a Motorola 68881 floating point unit. The machine shipped with a socket for an MMU, but an Apple chip was installed that did not implement virtual memory (the software for virtual memory would not be released until 1990.) Standard memory was 1 megabyte, expandable to 68 MB, though not without the special FDHD upgrade kit; otherwise, 20 MB was the maximum. RAM could be maxed out to 128 MB, however, if the ROMs were upgraded to those used in the IIx (or if MODE32 was used), as the Mac II's memory controller supported higher-density memory modules than did the stock ROM. The Mac II had eight 30-pin SIMMs, and memory was installed in groups of four. A 5.25-inch 40 MB internal SCSI hard disk was optional, as was a second internal 800 kilobyte 3.5-inch floppy disk drive. Six NuBus slots were available for expansion (at least one of which had to be used for a graphics card, as the Mac II had no onboard graphics).
The Macintosh II along with the Macintosh SE, were the first Apple computers (since the Apple I) to be sold without a keyboard. Instead the customer was offered the choice of the new ADB Apple Keyboard or the Apple Extended Keyboard.
The Macintosh II was followed by a series of related models including the Macintosh IIx and Macintosh IIfx, all of which used the Motorola 68030 processor. It was possible to upgrade a Macintosh II to a Macintosh IIx or IIfx with a motherboard swap. The Macintosh II was the first Macintosh to have the Chimes of Death accompany the Sad Mac logo whenever a serious hardware error occurred.
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