MEDICC
Encyclopedia
MEDICC is a non-profit organization
founded in 1997 that works to enhance cooperation among the US
, Cuba
n and global health
communities through its programs.
MEDICC supports education and development of human resources
in health committed to equitable access and quality care, providing the Cuban experience to inform global debate, practice, policies and cooperation in health
.
and Cuban medical/public health communities, within the context of promoting health equity by “mining” the Cuban experience.
During the 1997–2004 period, MEDICC built a program around the medical and public health
schools in the two countries, allowing the partnership to generate a range of new activities for students and staff: research, teaching, clinical practice, and health policy. Elective courses in Cuba for US medical, public health and nursing students constituted MEDICC’s core program for several years. An Academic Council was established to oversee course content, made up of an equal number of US and Cuban medical educators.
By 2004, nearly 1,000 students from some 125 US medical, nursing, and public health schools had traveled to Cuba to take these two to eight-week courses—mainly placing students with family physicians throughout the island. A number of faculty members and health professionals also traveled to Cuba to research the country’s health system model. In 2004, when the administration of George W. Bush curtailed student travel to Cuba, MEDICC was forced to eliminate the student exchange and other student-faculty travel programs.
journal, which publishes original scientific articles by Cuban and international medical and population health
scientists, features, interviews and opinion pieces. Its international Editorial Board is composed of nearly 40 health and medical professionals from 13 countries in the Americas, Europe and Africa. MEDICC Review is available online (open access to developing country readers), and in print. Cuba Health Reports, its companion news service, is available free of charge, and includes weekly health news briefs from Cuba, plus stories written by MEDICC Review journalists in Cuba, and based on primary source
s.
Award (2008) and selected by the American Library Association
as an ALA Notable Video, ¡SALUD! is distributed in the United States and internationally by MEDICC.
This feature film, directed by Academy Award nominee Connie Field, and produced by Connie Field and Gail Reed, explores the competing values that mark the battle for health care
everywhere. Filmed in Cuba, South Africa
, The Gambia
, Honduras and Venezuela, accompanies some of the nearly 30,000 Cuban health
professionals serving in over 60 countries. Their stories and those of young medical students in Cuba – now numbering 25,000 from Latin America
& the Caribbean, Africa, Asia and the USA – suggest bold new approaches to making health care a global birthright. The film is available in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese. Former US President, Jimmy Carter, Mirta Roses Periago, MD, Director, Pan American Health Organization
(PAHO) and Paul Farmer, MD, founder and Executive VP of Partners in Health have commented upon ¡SALUD!.
¡SALUD! was reviewed by Ann Sparanese in Social Responsibilities Round Table Newsletter, American Library Association, June 2008 and Hugh H. Tilson, MD, DrPH, University of North Carolina
School of Public Health in the American Journal of Preventative Medicine, May 2008.
in Cuba by providing them with fellowships, background materials and guidance on research objectives. The organization also works to identify opportunities for these professionals to publish their research findings.
MEDICC provides fellowships to Cuban health professionals to study and attend conferences in the US, enabling them to engage in continuing medical education
and dialogue with specialists in their fields.
.
with subscriptions to 40 print journals; and, in cooperation with the World Health Organization's HINARI program and EBSCO 6,200 on-line journals for professionals and students island-wide.
MEDICC has donated 6,000 latest-edition textbooks to all 23 Cuban schools of medical science
, where international and Cuban students study medicine, nursing and allied health professions
. These books, in basic sciences and 55 clinical fields, help ensure that current medical thinking informs teaching on these campuses.
MEDICC is an official supporting organization of HIFA2015 (Healthcare Information For All by 2015)
.
Every year, MEDICC issues The Merck Manual and, jointly with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), PAHO’s Control of Communicable Diseases to 1,500 graduates of the Latin American Medical School from nearly 30 countries. The books also go to the top 300 Cuban medical graduates. These books serve as key references for these new physicians, many of them heading out to practice in the most remote regions of their countries.
and minority students from the United States, enrolled in Havana’s Latin American Medical School. Like students from the other 28 countries represented at the school, US students, in exchange for a full scholarship, pledge to return to practice in underserved communities throughout the US. MEDICC aims to aid graduates by offering the Mnisi Fellowship which covers the cost of the US medical boards and preparatory courses for the exam. The program bears the name of Dr.Thabo Mnisi, a South African physician trained in Cuba who dedicated his life to health equity for his community and patients, and directed the well-known Alexandra Clinic in Johannesburg until his death in 2006.
In addition to offering the fellowship to qualified American graduates of the ELAM, MEDICC supports the students by offering advice and information about summer volunteer opportunities in US medical facilities, providing recommendations and support for residency placement, and issuing updated materials about the Latin American Medical School to US residency directors.
in supporting this project. In December 2007, MEDICC staff joined recently graduated Garifuna physicians, Cuban doctors, the local community and other US delegates to the opening of the hospital in Ciriboya, Honduras.
Despite these language and cultural competencies, re-entry into the traditionally English-based medical hierarchy in their country presents a challenge. MEDICC supports these students by providing them with medical language CDs and texts in English that will sustain their self-confidence and make it easier for them to find suitable medical positions when they return home.
After the devastation of the earthquake in Haiti, 400+ Haitian ELAM graduates worked with Cuban medical personnel to meet immediate emergency medical needs. Long-term, the Haitian doctors are part of a mission partnered with the health ministry, Cuban physicians and other cooperating organizations to build a stable health system in Haiti.
Non-profit organization
Nonprofit organization is neither a legal nor technical definition but generally refers to an organization that uses surplus revenues to achieve its goals, rather than distributing them as profit or dividends...
founded in 1997 that works to enhance cooperation among the US
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, Cuba
Cuba
The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city...
n and global health
Global health
Global health is the health of populations in a global context and transcends the perspectives and concerns of individual nations. Health problems that transcend national borders or have a global political and economic impact, are often emphasized...
communities through its programs.
MEDICC supports education and development of human resources
Human resources
Human resources is a term used to describe the individuals who make up the workforce of an organization, although it is also applied in labor economics to, for example, business sectors or even whole nations...
in health committed to equitable access and quality care, providing the Cuban experience to inform global debate, practice, policies and cooperation in health
Health
Health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being. In humans, it is the general condition of a person's mind, body and spirit, usually meaning to be free from illness, injury or pain...
.
History
MEDICC was founded in 1997 as a way to foster communication and cooperation between the USUnited States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
and Cuban medical/public health communities, within the context of promoting health equity by “mining” the Cuban experience.
During the 1997–2004 period, MEDICC built a program around the medical and public health
Public health
Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals" . It is concerned with threats to health based on population health...
schools in the two countries, allowing the partnership to generate a range of new activities for students and staff: research, teaching, clinical practice, and health policy. Elective courses in Cuba for US medical, public health and nursing students constituted MEDICC’s core program for several years. An Academic Council was established to oversee course content, made up of an equal number of US and Cuban medical educators.
By 2004, nearly 1,000 students from some 125 US medical, nursing, and public health schools had traveled to Cuba to take these two to eight-week courses—mainly placing students with family physicians throughout the island. A number of faculty members and health professionals also traveled to Cuba to research the country’s health system model. In 2004, when the administration of George W. Bush curtailed student travel to Cuba, MEDICC was forced to eliminate the student exchange and other student-faculty travel programs.
MEDICC Review
MEDICC Review: International Journal of Cuban Health and Medicine is a quarterly peer-reviewedPeer review
Peer review is a process of self-regulation by a profession or a process of evaluation involving qualified individuals within the relevant field. Peer review methods are employed to maintain standards, improve performance and provide credibility...
journal, which publishes original scientific articles by Cuban and international medical and population health
Population health
Population health has been defined as “the health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group.” It is an approach to health that aims to improve the health of an entire population. One major step in achieving this aim is to reduce health...
scientists, features, interviews and opinion pieces. Its international Editorial Board is composed of nearly 40 health and medical professionals from 13 countries in the Americas, Europe and Africa. MEDICC Review is available online (open access to developing country readers), and in print. Cuba Health Reports, its companion news service, is available free of charge, and includes weekly health news briefs from Cuba, plus stories written by MEDICC Review journalists in Cuba, and based on primary source
Primary source
Primary source is a term used in a number of disciplines to describe source material that is closest to the person, information, period, or idea being studied....
s.
Distribution of the film ¡SALUD!
Winner of the Council on Foundation’s Henry HamptonHenry Hampton
Henry Hampton was an American filmmaker. He was the son of surgeon Henry Hampton Sr. and Julia Veva Hampton. A native of St. Louis, Missouri, Hampton would later move to Boston where he founded his film production company Blackside, Inc., in 1968. It became one of the largest minority-owned...
Award (2008) and selected by the American Library Association
American Library Association
The American Library Association is a non-profit organization based in the United States that promotes libraries and library education internationally. It is the oldest and largest library association in the world, with more than 62,000 members....
as an ALA Notable Video, ¡SALUD! is distributed in the United States and internationally by MEDICC.
This feature film, directed by Academy Award nominee Connie Field, and produced by Connie Field and Gail Reed, explores the competing values that mark the battle for health care
Health care
Health care is the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in humans. Health care is delivered by practitioners in medicine, chiropractic, dentistry, nursing, pharmacy, allied health, and other care providers...
everywhere. Filmed in Cuba, South Africa
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...
, The Gambia
The Gambia
The Republic of The Gambia, commonly referred to as The Gambia, or Gambia , is a country in West Africa. Gambia is the smallest country on mainland Africa, surrounded by Senegal except for a short coastline on the Atlantic Ocean in the west....
, Honduras and Venezuela, accompanies some of the nearly 30,000 Cuban health
Healthcare of Cuba
The Cuban government operates a national health system and assumes fiscal and administrative responsibility for the health care of all its citizens. There are no private hospitals or clinics as all health services are government-run. The present Minister for Public Health is José Ramón Balaguer.An...
professionals serving in over 60 countries. Their stories and those of young medical students in Cuba – now numbering 25,000 from Latin America
Latin America
Latin America is a region of the Americas where Romance languages – particularly Spanish and Portuguese, and variably French – are primarily spoken. Latin America has an area of approximately 21,069,500 km² , almost 3.9% of the Earth's surface or 14.1% of its land surface area...
& the Caribbean, Africa, Asia and the USA – suggest bold new approaches to making health care a global birthright. The film is available in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese. Former US President, Jimmy Carter, Mirta Roses Periago, MD, Director, Pan American Health Organization
Pan American Health Organization
The Pan American Health Organization is an international public health agency with over 100 years of experience working to improve health and living standards of the people of the Americas...
(PAHO) and Paul Farmer, MD, founder and Executive VP of Partners in Health have commented upon ¡SALUD!.
¡SALUD! was reviewed by Ann Sparanese in Social Responsibilities Round Table Newsletter, American Library Association, June 2008 and Hugh H. Tilson, MD, DrPH, University of North Carolina
University of North Carolina
Chartered in 1789, the University of North Carolina was one of the first public universities in the United States and the only one to graduate students in the eighteenth century...
School of Public Health in the American Journal of Preventative Medicine, May 2008.
Professional Bridges to Health
MEDICC supports US health professionals undertaking field researchField research
Field research is the collection of raw data in natural settings. It helps to reveal the habits and habitats of various organisms present in their natural surroundings...
in Cuba by providing them with fellowships, background materials and guidance on research objectives. The organization also works to identify opportunities for these professionals to publish their research findings.
MEDICC provides fellowships to Cuban health professionals to study and attend conferences in the US, enabling them to engage in continuing medical education
Continuing medical education
Continuing medical education refers to a specific form of continuing education that helps those in the medical field maintain competence and learn about new and developing areas of their field. These activities may take place as live events, written publications, online programs, audio, video, or...
and dialogue with specialists in their fields.
The Community Partnerships for Health Equity program
The Community Partnerships for Health Equity program, formerly the Faculty-Community Leadership Program promotes US university-community partnerships that explore the relevance of the Cuban experience to confronting health issues that challenge their local communities. MEDICC serves as a consultant to these groups, which have been established thus far in Los Angeles and Oakland, CaliforniaOakland, California
Oakland is a major West Coast port city on San Francisco Bay in the U.S. state of California. It is the eighth-largest city in the state with a 2010 population of 390,724...
.
Literature for Cuban Medical Schools
MEDICC provides the Cuban National Medical LibraryMedical library
A health or medical library is designed to assist physicians, health professionals, students, patients, consumers and medical researchers in finding health and scientific information to improve, update, assess or evaluate health care. Medical libraries are typically found in hospitals, medical...
with subscriptions to 40 print journals; and, in cooperation with the World Health Organization's HINARI program and EBSCO 6,200 on-line journals for professionals and students island-wide.
MEDICC has donated 6,000 latest-edition textbooks to all 23 Cuban schools of medical science
Medicine
Medicine is the science and art of healing. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
, where international and Cuban students study medicine, nursing and allied health professions
Allied health professions
Allied health professions are clinical health care professions distinct from dentistry, nursing and medicine. One estimate reported allied health professionals make up 60 percent of the total health workforce...
. These books, in basic sciences and 55 clinical fields, help ensure that current medical thinking informs teaching on these campuses.
MEDICC is an official supporting organization of HIFA2015 (Healthcare Information For All by 2015)
HIFA2015 (Healthcare Information For All by 2015)
Healthcare Information For All by 2015 is a global network of health professionals, producers of reference and learning materials, librarians, technologists, researchers, and policymakers...
.
Backpack Library for New MDs
Support for International Medical Students & Graduates at the Latin American Medical School (ELAM) enhances the impact of Cuban medical training for students from developing countries by helping the graduates to successfully re-integrate into their country’s health system environments and workforces.Every year, MEDICC issues The Merck Manual and, jointly with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), PAHO’s Control of Communicable Diseases to 1,500 graduates of the Latin American Medical School from nearly 30 countries. The books also go to the top 300 Cuban medical graduates. These books serve as key references for these new physicians, many of them heading out to practice in the most remote regions of their countries.
US medical students in Cuba
MEDICC also provides support to the nearly 100 low-incomePoverty
Poverty is the lack of a certain amount of material possessions or money. Absolute poverty or destitution is inability to afford basic human needs, which commonly includes clean and fresh water, nutrition, health care, education, clothing and shelter. About 1.7 billion people are estimated to live...
and minority students from the United States, enrolled in Havana’s Latin American Medical School. Like students from the other 28 countries represented at the school, US students, in exchange for a full scholarship, pledge to return to practice in underserved communities throughout the US. MEDICC aims to aid graduates by offering the Mnisi Fellowship which covers the cost of the US medical boards and preparatory courses for the exam. The program bears the name of Dr.Thabo Mnisi, a South African physician trained in Cuba who dedicated his life to health equity for his community and patients, and directed the well-known Alexandra Clinic in Johannesburg until his death in 2006.
In addition to offering the fellowship to qualified American graduates of the ELAM, MEDICC supports the students by offering advice and information about summer volunteer opportunities in US medical facilities, providing recommendations and support for residency placement, and issuing updated materials about the Latin American Medical School to US residency directors.
Honduras’ First Garifuna Hospital
More students from Honduras’ Garifuna indigenous communities are enrolled in the Latin American Medical School than have studied medicine in the entire history of their country. The first students graduated in 2005 and immediately went to work building the first Garifuna hospital in Honduras. The facility, which provides medical staff and hospital beds for rural patients, serves as a local model for providing health care in outlying areas where permanent Honduran medical staff and beds are rare. MEDICC has joined California labor unions and other US nongovernmental organizationsNon-governmental organization
A non-governmental organization is a legally constituted organization created by natural or legal persons that operates independently from any government. The term originated from the United Nations , and is normally used to refer to organizations that do not form part of the government and are...
in supporting this project. In December 2007, MEDICC staff joined recently graduated Garifuna physicians, Cuban doctors, the local community and other US delegates to the opening of the hospital in Ciriboya, Honduras.
South African Medical Students in Cuba
South African physicians-in-training in Cuba have the advantage of cultural affinity with their future patients: like most of the international medical students in Cuba, these young people come from the poor communities they’ll return to serve. And the language of their medical training—Spanish—also gives them an extra tool for communicating across borders.Despite these language and cultural competencies, re-entry into the traditionally English-based medical hierarchy in their country presents a challenge. MEDICC supports these students by providing them with medical language CDs and texts in English that will sustain their self-confidence and make it easier for them to find suitable medical positions when they return home.
Haitian medical students in Cuba
Haitian medical students in Cuba—number some 700—study at the Santiago de Cuba “Caribbean campus” of the Latin American Medical School. After training in Cuba they are required to return home and serve in their own country which is the poorest in the hemisphere. For these students, Creole is their native language and the language of their patients; Spanish is the language of their medical instruction; and to date, French is the language of medicine in Haiti. A comprehensive glossary of 4,000 medical terms in French, Spanish and Creole was produced by MEDICC to aid the transition of these students back to Haiti where they will be practicing medicine. After the earthquake in Haiti on January 12, 2010, English was added to the glossary, in collaboration with the Hesperian Foundation, as a means of supporting international teams of healthcare workers in Haiti.After the devastation of the earthquake in Haiti, 400+ Haitian ELAM graduates worked with Cuban medical personnel to meet immediate emergency medical needs. Long-term, the Haitian doctors are part of a mission partnered with the health ministry, Cuban physicians and other cooperating organizations to build a stable health system in Haiti.
Writings and Broadcasts by MEDICC Board, Staff & Scholars
- "9 Ways for US to Talk to Cuba and for Cuba to Talk to US"--Bourne, Peter G. January, 2009. Center for Democracy in the Americas.
- "Salud Para Todo: Cuba’s Revolutionary Approach Towards the Fulfillment of the Right to Health"--Evans, Dabney P. 2008. In Patricia Cholewka, Mitra M Motlagh (Editors), Health Capital and Sustainable Socioeconomic Development(chapter 15) Taylor & FrancisTaylor and FrancisTaylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in the United Kingdom which publishes books and academic journals. It is a division of Informa plc, a United Kingdom-based publisher and conference company.- Overview :...
, CRC PressCRC PressThe CRC Press, LLC is a publishing group which specializes in producing technical books. While many of their books relate to engineering, science and mathematics, their scope also includes books on business, forensics and information technology... - "Cuba's HIV/AIDS Strategy: An Integrated, Rights-Based Approach"--Gorry, C. Oxfam, July 2008.
- "La estrategia cubana de respuesta al VIH/sida: Un enfoque integral con base en los derechos"--Gorry, C. Oxfam, julio 2008.
- "An Interview with C. William Keck, M.D., M.P.H., F.A.C.P.M. and Gail Reed, M.S." Social Medicine in Practice, Vol 3 No.1, January 2008
- "Cast of thousands: Cuba's contribution to global health"--Gorry, C. HealthLink. March 2007;143.
- and Traditional Medicine in Cuba: Lessons for U.S. Medical Education--Appelbaum, D., Kligler, B., Barrett, B., Frenkel, M., Guerrera, M.P., Kondwani, K.A., Lee, B.B. & Tattelman, E. Academic Medicine, 2006;81(12):1098-103.
Writings by MEDICC's Professional Bridges Participants
- http://today.ucsf.edu/stories/ucsf-faculty-get-insiders-look-at-cuban-health-care-system/UCSF Faculty Get Insiders' Look at Cuban Health Care Syste--Robin Hindery, UCSF Today, January 2009
- Medical Education & Health Equity: An Opportunity for the New Administration --Fitzhugh Mullan, MD, Murdock Head Professor of Medicine and Health Policy, Professor of Pediatrics, George Washington UniversityGeorge Washington UniversityThe George Washington University is a private, coeducational comprehensive university located in Washington, D.C. in the United States...
, Washington DC, Health Affairs, The Policy Journal of the Health Sphere, December 2008 - http://www.cubastudiesjournal.org/issue-1/articles/integrating-health-and-human-security-into-foreign-policy.cfmIntegrating health and human security into foreign policy: Cuba's Surprisng Success--Robert Huish and Jerry Spiegel, The International Journal of Cuban Studies, Volum 1, Issue 1Issue 1Issue 1 is an expression which refers to the first edition of a publication such as a magazine, comic, or e-zine, and is also used to denote the initial direction or output of creativity.Issue 1s are often sought for the following reasons:...
, June 2008 - http://www.ishib.org/journal/18-2s2/ethn-18-02s2-141ab.pdf Can Lessons Learned from a Cuban Experience Improve Health Disparities in South Los Angeles?--Fred Dominguez, MD, MPH & Alex N. Ortega, PhD, Ethnicity & Disease, Volume 18, Spring 2008
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18466937 "Going where no doctor has gone before: the role of Cuba's Latin American School of Medicine in meeting the needs of some of the world's most vulnerable populations"--Robert Huish, PhD, Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health, 2008 Jun;122(6):552-7. Epub 2008 May 7
- "Disaster Preparedness: My Lessons Learned from Cuba"--Amelia Muccio, Director of Disaster Planning, New Jersey Primary CarePrimary carePrimary care is the term for the health services by providers who act as the principal point of consultation for patients within a health care system...
Association, Hamilton, New JerseyHamilton Township, New JerseyHamilton Township, New Jersey is the name of two places in the U.S. state of New Jersey:*Hamilton Township, Atlantic County, New Jersey*Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey...
, NJPCA & NJSORH Quarterly Newsletter, Winter 2008 - http://lap.sagepub.com/cgi/content/short/34/6/77 "Cuban Medical InternationalismInternationalism (politics)Internationalism is a political movement which advocates a greater economic and political cooperation among nations for the theoretical benefit of all...
and the Development of the Latin American School of Medicine"--Robert Huish and John M. Kirk (2007), Latin American Perspectives, 34; 77
- "Lessons from the Cuban Healthcare and Medical EducationMedical educationMedical education is education related to the practice of being a medical practitioner, either the initial training to become a doctor or additional training thereafter ....
Systems"--Theodore C. Friedman, MD, Associate ProfessorProfessorA professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...
of Medicine-UCLA School of Medicine, Charles R. DrewCharles R. DrewCharles Richard Drew was an American physician, surgeon and medical researcher. He researched in the field of blood transfusions, developing improved techniques for blood storage, and applied his expert knowledge to developing large-scale blood banks early in World War II. This allowed medics to...
University of Medicine and Science, The CharlesCharles TheatreThe Charles Theatre, often referred to as simply the Charles, is the oldest movie theatre in Baltimore. The theatre is a Beaux-Arts building designed as a streetcar barn in 1892 by Jackson C. Gott, located in what is now the Station North arts and entertainment district...
R. Drew The RCMI-faculty Development Core, July 2007 - http://medschool.ucsf.edu/news/features/public_service/20070423_Cuba.aspx "International Health Diplomacy: Examining the Cuban Model"--Jessica Evert, MD and Thomas Novotny, MD, University of California, San FranciscoUniversity of California, San FranciscoThe University of California, San Francisco is one of the world's leading centers of health sciences research, patient care, and education. UCSF's medical, pharmacy, dentistry, nursing, and graduate schools are among the top health science professional schools in the world...
School of Medicine, April 2007 - http://www.nursingcenter.com/library/JournalArticle.asp?Article_ID=698068 "Correspondence from Abroad: The Cuban Paradox"--Susan E. Birch MBA, RN & Linda Norlander MS, RN AJN, American Journal of Nursing, Volume 107 Number 3, March 2007
- http://www.socialmedicine.org/2008/05/18/latin-american-social-medicine/the-cuban-health-care-system/ "The Cuban Health Care System"--Matthew Anderson, MD, MSc, Professor Family & Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineAlbert Einstein College of Medicine is a graduate school of Yeshiva University. It is a not-for-profit, private, nonsectarian medical school located on the Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus in the Morris Park neighborhood of the borough of the Bronx of New York City...
, Bronx, NYThe BronxThe Bronx is the northernmost of the five boroughs of New York City. It is also known as Bronx County, the last of the 62 counties of New York State to be incorporated...
. The Social Medicine Portal, January 2006 - http://web.gc.cuny.edu/dept/bildn/cuba/publications/conferences/cubatodaybook.pdf "Change in Cuban Social WorkSocial workSocial Work is a professional and academic discipline that seeks to improve the quality of life and wellbeing of an individual, group, or community by intervening through research, policy, community organizing, direct practice, and teaching on behalf of those afflicted with poverty or any real or...
Education: Government Response to Emerging Societal Problems"--David L. Strug, PH.D, Professor, Social Work, Wurzweiler School of Social Work, Yeshiva UniversityYeshiva UniversityYeshiva University is a private university in New York City, with six campuses in New York and one in Israel. Founded in 1886, it is a research university ranked as 45th in the US among national universities by U.S. News & World Report in 2012...
, Cuba Today: Continuity and Change since the "Periodico Especial" Bildner Center for Hemisphere Studies, The Graduate Center, CUNY, October 2004.
External links
- http://ciponline.org/cuba/photos/Final%20Cuba%20IPR%200509.pdf "Disaster Relief Management in Cuba.Why Cuba’s disaster relief model is worth careful study"--Jonathan Keyser and Wayne SmithWayne Smith (diplomat)Wayne S. Smith is a former US diplomat, and currently an academic and author.-Government service:In 1949, Smith joined the United States Marine Corps, and served until 1953, including combat in the 1950-1953 Korean War. In 1957, he joined the US State Department, and served in the Soviet Union,...
, May 2009, International Policy Report