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The Métis are descendants of marriages of Cree
Cree

Cree is one of the largest group of indigenous peoples in North America, located mainly across Canada and historically in the United States from Minnesota westward but are found today in Montana....
, Inuit
Inuit

Inuit is a general term for a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Canada, Greenland, Russia and Alaska, United States....
, Ojibwa
Ojibwa

The Ojibwa or Chippewa is the largest group of Native Americans in the United States-First Nations north of Mexico, including M?tis people ....
y, Algonquin
Algonquin

The Algonquins are an aboriginal peoples in Canada/Indigenous people of North American speaking Algonquin language. Culturally and linguistically, they are closely related to the Ottawa and Ojibwe, with whom they form the larger Anishinaabe grouping....
, Saulteaux
Saulteaux

The Saulteaux are a First Nation in Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia, Canada....
, Menominee
Menominee

Some placenames use other spellings, see also Menomonee and Menomonie, Wisconsin.The Menominee are a nation of Native Americans in the United States living in Wisconsin....
, and other indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples of the Americas

The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas, their descendants, and many ethnic groups who identify with those peoples....
 to Europeans and other ethnicities from around the world, and are one of three officially-recognized Aboriginal peoples in Canada
Aboriginal peoples in Canada

Aboriginal people in Canada, also known as First Nations, Inuit and M?tis, are people who belong to recognized indigenous groups in the Canada Constitution Act, 1982, Section Twenty-five of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and Section Thirty-five of the Constitution Act, 1982, respectively as First Nations, M?tis people , and...
, the other two being the First Nations
First Nations

First Nations is a term of ethnicity that refers to the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor M?tis people....
 and Inuit
Inuit

Inuit is a general term for a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Canada, Greenland, Russia and Alaska, United States....
. Commonly "MAY-tee" or "may-TEE" in English , in Quebec French
Quebec French

Quebec French , or less often Qu?b?cois French, is the predominant variety of the French language in Canada, in its Register #Register as formality scale registers....
, in Standard French, in Michif
Michif language

Michif is the language of the M?tis people people of Canada and the northern United States, who are the descendants of First Nations women and fur trade workers of European ancestry ....
, they are also historically known as Bois Brûlé, mixed-bloods, or Countryborn (Anglo-Métis
Anglo-Métis

A 19th Century community of the M?tis people of Canada, the Anglo-M?tis, more commonly known as Countryborn, were children of the fur trade; typically of Orcadians, Scottish people, or English people paternal descent and Aboriginal peoples in Canada maternal descent....
). Their homeland consists of the Canadian
Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
 provinces of British Columbia
British Columbia

British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's Provinces and territories of Canada and is famed for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu ....
, Alberta
Alberta

Alberta is one of Canada Canadian Prairies Provinces and territories of Canada. It became a province on September 1, 1905.Alberta is located in western Canada, bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the U.S....
, Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan

Saskatchewan is a prairie provinces in Canada, which has an area of 588,276.09 square kilometres and a population of 1,015,895 , mostly living in the southern half of the province....
, Manitoba
Manitoba

Manitoba is a prairie provinces in Canada, which has an area of 647,797 square kilometres and a population of 1,207,959 , with more than half located within the Winnipeg Capital Region ....
, and Ontario
Ontario

Ontario is a Provinces and territories of Canada located in the Central Canada part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area....
, as well as the Northwest Territories
Northwest Territories

The Northwest Territories are a provinces and territories of Canada of Canada.Located in northern Canada, it borders Canada's two other territories, Yukon to the west and Nunavut to the east, and three provinces: British Columbia to the southwest, Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south....
.






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Encyclopedia


The Métis are descendants of marriages of Cree
Cree

Cree is one of the largest group of indigenous peoples in North America, located mainly across Canada and historically in the United States from Minnesota westward but are found today in Montana....
, Inuit
Inuit

Inuit is a general term for a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Canada, Greenland, Russia and Alaska, United States....
, Ojibwa
Ojibwa

The Ojibwa or Chippewa is the largest group of Native Americans in the United States-First Nations north of Mexico, including M?tis people ....
y, Algonquin
Algonquin

The Algonquins are an aboriginal peoples in Canada/Indigenous people of North American speaking Algonquin language. Culturally and linguistically, they are closely related to the Ottawa and Ojibwe, with whom they form the larger Anishinaabe grouping....
, Saulteaux
Saulteaux

The Saulteaux are a First Nation in Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia, Canada....
, Menominee
Menominee

Some placenames use other spellings, see also Menomonee and Menomonie, Wisconsin.The Menominee are a nation of Native Americans in the United States living in Wisconsin....
, and other indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples of the Americas

The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas, their descendants, and many ethnic groups who identify with those peoples....
 to Europeans and other ethnicities from around the world, and are one of three officially-recognized Aboriginal peoples in Canada
Aboriginal peoples in Canada

Aboriginal people in Canada, also known as First Nations, Inuit and M?tis, are people who belong to recognized indigenous groups in the Canada Constitution Act, 1982, Section Twenty-five of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and Section Thirty-five of the Constitution Act, 1982, respectively as First Nations, M?tis people , and...
, the other two being the First Nations
First Nations

First Nations is a term of ethnicity that refers to the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor M?tis people....
 and Inuit
Inuit

Inuit is a general term for a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Canada, Greenland, Russia and Alaska, United States....
. Commonly "MAY-tee" or "may-TEE" in English , in Quebec French
Quebec French

Quebec French , or less often Qu?b?cois French, is the predominant variety of the French language in Canada, in its Register #Register as formality scale registers....
, in Standard French, in Michif
Michif language

Michif is the language of the M?tis people people of Canada and the northern United States, who are the descendants of First Nations women and fur trade workers of European ancestry ....
, they are also historically known as Bois Brûlé, mixed-bloods, or Countryborn (Anglo-Métis
Anglo-Métis

A 19th Century community of the M?tis people of Canada, the Anglo-M?tis, more commonly known as Countryborn, were children of the fur trade; typically of Orcadians, Scottish people, or English people paternal descent and Aboriginal peoples in Canada maternal descent....
). Their homeland consists of the Canadian
Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
 provinces of British Columbia
British Columbia

British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's Provinces and territories of Canada and is famed for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu ....
, Alberta
Alberta

Alberta is one of Canada Canadian Prairies Provinces and territories of Canada. It became a province on September 1, 1905.Alberta is located in western Canada, bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the U.S....
, Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan

Saskatchewan is a prairie provinces in Canada, which has an area of 588,276.09 square kilometres and a population of 1,015,895 , mostly living in the southern half of the province....
, Manitoba
Manitoba

Manitoba is a prairie provinces in Canada, which has an area of 647,797 square kilometres and a population of 1,207,959 , with more than half located within the Winnipeg Capital Region ....
, and Ontario
Ontario

Ontario is a Provinces and territories of Canada located in the Central Canada part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area....
, as well as the Northwest Territories
Northwest Territories

The Northwest Territories are a provinces and territories of Canada of Canada.Located in northern Canada, it borders Canada's two other territories, Yukon to the west and Nunavut to the east, and three provinces: British Columbia to the southwest, Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south....
. The Métis homeland also includes parts of the northern United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 (specifically Montana
Montana

Montana is a U.S. state in the Western United States. The western third of the state contains numerous mountain ranges; other 'island' ranges are found in the central third of the state, for a total of 77 named ranges of the Rocky Mountains....
, North Dakota
North Dakota

North Dakota is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States and Western United States regions of the United States of America. North Dakota is the 19th largest state by area in the US; it is the 48th most populous, with just over 640,000 residents as of 2006....
, and northwest Minnesota
Minnesota

Minnesota is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States of the United States. The twelfth largest state by area in the U.S., it is the twenty-first most populous, with just over five million residents....
).

Their history dates to the mid-seventeenth century. The Métis spoke or still speak either Métis French
Métis French

M?tis French or M?tis, along with Michif, is one of the traditional languages of the M?tis people. According to Bakker , M?tis French is the French dialect source of Michif....
 or a mixed language called Michif. Michif is a phonetic spelling of the Métis pronunciation of Métif, a variant of Métis. The Métis today predominantly speak English
Canadian English

Canadian English is the Variety of English language used in Canada. More than 26 million Canadians have some knowledge of English . Approximately 17 million speak English as their native language....
, with French
Canadian French

Canadian French is an umbrella term for the varieties of the French language used in Canada. French is the mother tongue of about seven million Canadians and is one of the country's two official languages, along with English language....
 a strong second language, as well as numerous Aboriginal tongues. Métis French is best preserved in Canada, Michif in the United States, notably in the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation
Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation

Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation is an Indian Reservation located primarily in northern North Dakota. It is the land-base for the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians....
 of North Dakota, where Michif is the official language
Official language

An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other territory. Typically a nation's official language will be the one used in that nation's courts, parliament and administration....
 of the Métis that reside on this Chippewa reservation. The encouragement and use of Métis French and Michif is growing due to outreach within the provincial Métis councils after at least a generation of decline.

The word Métis
Metis

Metis meant "cunningness" or "craft, skill" in Ancient Greek.Metis may also refer to:* Metis , a Titaness and the first wife of Zeus...
 (the singular, plural and adjectival forms are the same) is French
French language

French is a Romance language spoken around the world by around 80 million people as first language, by 190 million as second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired tongue, with significant speakers in 54 countries....
, and a cognate of the Spanish
Spanish language

Spanish or Castilian is a Romance languages that originated in northern Spain, and gradually spread in the Kingdom of Castile and evolved into the principal language of government and trade....
 word mestizo
Mestizo

Mestizo is a Spanish language term that was used in the Spanish Empire to refer to people of mixed Europe and Indigenous peoples of the Americas ancestry in Latin America....
. It carries the same connotation of "mixed race"; traced back far enough it stems from the Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
 word mixtus, the past participle of the verb "to mix".

Over time, countless Métis are thought to have been absorbed and assimilated into the surrounding populations making Métis heritage (and thereby aboriginal ancestry
Aboriginal peoples in Canada

Aboriginal people in Canada, also known as First Nations, Inuit and M?tis, are people who belong to recognized indigenous groups in the Canada Constitution Act, 1982, Section Twenty-five of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and Section Thirty-five of the Constitution Act, 1982, respectively as First Nations, M?tis people , and...
) more common than sometimes realized.

Métis spirituality

A common misconception is that the Métis practised only the religion of their fathers (Catholicism
Catholicism

Catholicism is a broad term for the body of the Catholic faith, its Theology and doctrines, its Catholic liturgy, Ethics, spiritual, and behavioral characteristics, as well as a religious people as a whole....
 or Protestantism
Protestantism

Protestantism is a movement within Christianity that originated in the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation. It is considered to be one of the three principal traditions of Christianity, together with Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy....
). However, the spiritual mixture of the Métis is in actuality as complex as the people who make up the nation.

Early on, Métis children absorbed the teachings of both their parents. Those teachings were made up of the father's religious background and the traditional teachings of the First Nation of the mother. Métis children thereby learned to live in both the Aboriginal and European worlds, encompassing both in their spirituality.

Today Métis practise many forms of religion, from mainline Christianity to New Age
New Age

New Age is a decentralized western culture social movement and new religious movement that seeks universality Truth and the attainment of the highest individual human potential....
 concepts and everything in between. From their Catholicism they have St. Joseph, the Patron Saint
Patron saint

A patron saint is a saint who is regarded as the intercessor and advocate in heaven of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, or person. Patron saints, because they have already transcended to the metaphysical, are able to intercede effectively for the needs of their special charges....
 of Métis people. From their Aboriginal relatives, they incorporate the sweat lodge
Sweat lodge

The sweat lodge is a Ceremony sauna and an important ritual used by some North American First Nations or Native Americans in the United States peoples....
, medicine wheel
Medicine wheel

Medicine wheels, or sacred hoops, were constructed by laying stones in a particular pattern on the ground. Most medicine wheels follow the basic pattern of having a center of stone, and surrounding that is an outer ring of stones with "spokes", or lines of rocks radiating from the center....
, sacred pipe
Peace pipe

A peace pipe, also called a calumet or medicine pipe, is a ceremonial smoking pipe used by many Native Americans in the United States tribes, traditionally as a token of peace....
, and long house
Long house

In archaeology and anthropology, a long house or longhouse is a type of long, narrow, single-room building built by peoples in various parts of the world including Asia, Europe and North America....
 ceremonies, as well as many other Aboriginal spiritual beliefs. It is very common to encounter a prayer and a smudge at the opening and closing of meetings of Métis people.

Many Métis peoples, as with other Aboriginal communities, have lost their spiritual connections to the past because of marginalization, poverty, and decimation of their communities and their way of life. However, in modern times, renewal of spirituality occurs among many Métis.

Métis Identity


Legal definition

There is substantial controversy and disagreement over who exactly is Métis. Unlike First Nations people, there is no distinction between status and non-status Métis. The legal definition itself is not yet fully developed. S.35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 makes mention of the Métis stating:
  • 35(1) The existing aboriginal and treaty rights of the aboriginal people of Canada are hereby recognized and affirmed.
    • (2) In this Act, "aboriginal peoples of Canada" includes the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.


However, s.35(2)does not provide a definition of who is Métis. Until R. v. Powley (2003), there was little development in such a definition. The case involved a claim by members of the Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario

Sault Ste. Marie is a city on the St. Marys River in Ontario, Canada. It is the third largest city in Northern Ontario, after Greater Sudbury and Thunder Bay, with a population of 74,948....
 community asserting Métis hunting rights. The Supreme Court of Canada
Supreme Court of Canada

The Supreme Court of Canada is the supreme court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian justice system. The court grants permission to between 40 and 75 litigants each year to appeal decisions rendered by provincial, territorial and federal Appeal, and its decisions are stare decisis, binding upon all lower courts of...
 outlined three broad factors to identify Métis rights-holders:

  • self-identification;
  • ancestral connection to a historic Métis community; and
  • community acceptance.


All three factors must be present for an individual to qualify under the legal definition of Métis, but there is still ambiguity. Questions about what constitutes a historic Métis community and what is sufficient proof of an ancestral connection (there is no blood quantum requirement) have not yet been answered by the courts.

Lower case 'm' métis versus upper case 'M' in Métis

The term Métis was originally used to refer to French- and Cree-speaking descendants of the French Catholic Red River
Red River

Red River may refer to the following:...
 Métis. Descendants of English or Scottish and natives were historically called 'half-breeds' or 'country born' and lived a more agrarian and Protestant lifestyle. However, the term eventually evolved to refer to all 'half-breeds', whether linked to the historic Red River Métis or not.

Lower case 'm' métis refers to those who are of mixed native and other ancestry, and is essentially an ethnic definition. Capital 'M' Métis refers to a particular sociocultural heritage and an ethnic self-identification that is not entirely racially based. Some argue that people who identify as métis should not be included in the definition of 'Métis'. In fact, not all such people might meet the legal test. Others have gone further and have suggested that only the descendants of the Red River Métis should be constitutionally recognized. However, the effect of this limitation would mean that people such as the Labrador Métis would be excluded from the legal definition and relegated to little 'm' métis status.

Prominent Métis


Historical individuals

  • Toussaint Charbonneau
    Toussaint Charbonneau

    Toussaint Charbonneau was a French-Canadian M?tis List of explorers and trader, and a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. He is also known as the husband of Sacagawea....
    , husband of Sacagawea
    Sacagawea

    For the Sacagawea $1 coin, see Sacagawea dollar.Sacagawea Reliable historical information about Sacagawea is extremely limited, but she has become an important part of the Lewis and Clark mythology in the American public imagination....
    , and father of their son Jean Baptiste Charbonneau
    Jean Baptiste Charbonneau

    Jean Baptiste Charbonneau traveled across North America as an infant with his mother Sacagawea as part of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, which journeyed from North Dakota to Oregon and back again during 1805 and 1806....
    .
  • Louis Riel
    Louis Riel

    Louis David Riel was a Politics of Canada, a founder of the province of Manitoba, and leader of the M?tis people people of the Canadian prairies....
    , who led the Red River Rebellion
    Red River Rebellion

    The Red River Rebellion or Red River Resistance are names given to the events surrounding the actions of a provisional government established by M?tis people leader Louis Riel in 1869 at the Red River Settlement in what is now the Canadian province of Manitoba....
     in 1869 and the North-West Rebellion
    North-West Rebellion

    The North-West Rebellion of 1885 was a brief and unsuccessful Rebellion by the M?tis people people of the District of Saskatchewan under Louis Riel against the Dominion of Canada, which they believed had failed to address their concerns for the survival of their people....
     in 1885.
  • Cuthbert Grant
    Cuthbert Grant

    Cuthbert Grant was a prominent M?tis people leader of the early nineteenth century.Grant was the son of a Scottish people father and M?tis mother....
    , Métis leader
  • Gabriel Dumont
    Gabriel Dumont

    Gabriel Dumont was a leader of the M?tis people people of what is now western Canada. In 1873 Dumont was elected to the presidency of the short-lived commune of St....
    , Métis leader
  • Howard Adams
    Howard Adams

    Howard Adams was an influential twentieth century M?tis people academic and activist. He was born in St. Louis, Saskatchewan, Canada, on September 8, 1921, the son of a French Metis mother and an English Metis father....
    , Métis activist, author and leader
  • Malcolm Norris
    Malcolm Norris

    Malcolm Norris was an influential Canadian Metis leader of the twentieth century and celebrated Aboriginal activist. A Marxist, Socialist, and Metis nationalist he served for a time with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and as an employee of the Hudson's Bay Company....
    , Métis politician and activist
  • James P. Brady
    James P. Brady

    James Patrick Brady, better known as Jim Brady , was a Canadian M?tis people political leader and activist in Saskatchewan and Alberta. Along with Malcolm Norris he is generally regarded as one of the two most influential M?tis leaders of his era....
    , Métis politician and activist


Artists and writers

  • Métis writer and filmmaker Maria Campbell
    Maria Campbell

    Maria Campbell, Order of Canada is a M?tis author, playwright, broadcaster, filmmaker, and Elder. Born in northern Saskatchewan in 1940, Campbell is a fluent speaker of four languages: Cree, Michif, Saulteaux, and English language....
    , born in northern Saskatchewan in 1940, brought the struggles of modern-day Métis and Aboriginal people to the public through her breakthrough book, Halfbreed (1973), and the collaborative play, Jessica (1982). She has captured the sound and song of traditional stories through her work in dialect, Stories of the Road Allowance People (1996).
  • Sandra Birdsell
    Sandra Birdsell

    Sandra Louise Birdsell is a Canada novelist and short story writer of M?tis and Mennonite heritage.Born in Hamiota, Manitoba, she studied at the University of Winnipeg and the University of Manitoba, where she studied under Robert Kroetsch....
    , daughter of a Métis man and a Russian Mennonite woman, based her award-winning novel Children of the Day in part on her parents' experiences in Manitoba
    Manitoba

    Manitoba is a prairie provinces in Canada, which has an area of 647,797 square kilometres and a population of 1,207,959 , with more than half located within the Winnipeg Capital Region ....
     in the 1920s–50s.
  • George R. D. Goulet
    George R. D. Goulet

    George Richard Donald Goulet is a Canada M?tis people best-selling author and retired lawyer.Born September 27, 1933 in St. Boniface, Manitoba to George Wilfrid Goulet and Marie Alexina Laura McDougall, a granddaughter of Pierre Delorme, George was the fifth of eight children....
     is a best-selling Métis author whose books include The Trial of Louis Riel: Justice and Mercy Denied, The Metis: Memorable Events and Memorable Personalities, and The Métis in British Columbia: From Fur Trade Outposts to Colony.


Politicians, activists, lawyers, and judges

  • Todd Ducharme
    Todd Ducharme

    Todd Ducharme is a Canada judge. In 2004, he was the first M?tis people to be appointed to the Ontario Superior Court of Justice.He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from McGill University, a Master of Arts in Political Science degree from Yale University, a Bachelor of Law degree in 1986 from the University of Toronto and a Master of L...
    , a Métis, was appointed as a judge in 2004 of the Ontario
    Ontario

    Ontario is a Provinces and territories of Canada located in the Central Canada part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area....
     Supreme Court of Justice.
  • Rabble.ca editor and Canadian anti-war movement leader Derrick O'Keefe
    Derrick O'Keefe

    Derrick O'Keefe is a Canada writer and anti-war activist. He is editor of rabble.ca, Canada's most widely-read progressive website, as well as being an editor of the on-line zine Seven Oaks, and a frequent contributor to a number of publications....
     is of partial Métis ancestry, and has Métis membership.
  • British Columbia New Democratic Party
    New Democratic Party

    The New Democratic Party is a political party in Canada with a progressivism social democracy philosophy that contests elections at both the federal and provincial levels....
     Leader Carole James
    Carole James

    Carole Alison James, Member of the Legislative Assembly, is a Canada politician and former public administration. She is currently the Leader of the Opposition in British Columbia and leader of the New Democratic Party of British Columbia , a social democratic political party....
     is of partial Métis ancestry.
  • Former Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin
    Paul Martin

    Paul Edgar Philippe Martin, Queen's Privy Council for Canada was the 21st Prime Minister of Canada, as well as leader of the Liberal Party of Canada....
     is of Métis ancestry through his maternal line.
  • Colleen Klein, wife of former Alberta
    Alberta

    Alberta is one of Canada Canadian Prairies Provinces and territories of Canada. It became a province on September 1, 1905.Alberta is located in western Canada, bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the U.S....
     Premier Ralph Klein
    Ralph Klein

    Ralph Phillip Klein was the leader of the Alberta Progressive Conservatives from 1992 until his retirement in 2006. His tenure as premier ended when the Alberta Progressive Conservatives' new leader, Ed Stelmach, assumed office December 14, 2006, exactly fourteen years after Klein first became Premier....
    , is of Métis ancestry.


Sportspeople

  • Sharon Bruneau
    Sharon Bruneau

    Sharon Leigh Bruneau is a professional Canada female bodybuilding and fitness competition....
    , a female bodybuilder and fitness model
  • Kevin O'Toole
    Kevin O'Toole (bodybuilder)

    Kevin O'Toole is a Canada bodybuilder and mixed martial arts....
    , 1996 North American Light heavyweight bodybuilding
    Bodybuilding

    Bodybuilding is the process of maximizing muscle hypertrophy; an individual who engages in this activity is referred to as a bodybuilder. In competitive bodybuilding, bodybuilders display their physiques to a panel of judges, who assign points based on their aesthetic appearance....
     champion.
  • NHL star defencemen Sheldon Souray
    Sheldon Souray

    Sheldon Sherrick Souray is a Canada professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for the Edmonton Oilers. His father Richard Souray met his mother Lillian Parenteau singing in a bar....
     and Wade Redden
    Wade Redden

    Wade Redden is a Canada professional ice hockey defenceman for the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League. He joined the Rangers in 2008 after 11 seasons with the Ottawa Senators....
     are of Métis ancestry.
  • MMA
    MMA

    MMA may refer to:* Mixed martial arts, a full contact combat sport* Metropolitan Museum of Art, a museum in New York City...
     fighter Kalib Starnes
    Kalib Starnes

    Kalib Axel Starnes is a Canadian professional mixed martial artist. He was featured in the third season of the reality TV series, The Ultimate Fighter 3....
     is also a Métis.
  • NHL hockey player Rene Bourque
    Rene Bourque

    Rene Bourque is a professional ice hockey left winger who currently plays for the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League. He is the first cousin of North American Native Boxing Champion Wayne Bourque....
    , from Lac La Biche
    Lac La Biche

    Lac la Biche is a large lake in north-central Alberta, Canada. It is located along the Northern Woods and Water Route, 95 km east of Athabasca, Alberta....
    ,Alberta
    Alberta

    Alberta is one of Canada Canadian Prairies Provinces and territories of Canada. It became a province on September 1, 1905.Alberta is located in western Canada, bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the U.S....
    , is also a Metis


Others

  • Architect Douglas Cardinal
    Douglas Cardinal

    Douglas Joseph Cardinal, Order of Canada is a Canada architect.Born in Alberta of M?tis people and Blackfoot heritage, Cardinal is famous for flowing architecture marked with smooth lines, influenced by his Aboriginal peoples in Canada heritage as well as European Expressionist architecture ...
     is of Métis and Blackfoot
    Blackfoot

    The Blackfoot Confederacy or Niits?tapi is the collective name of three First Nations in Alberta and one Native Americans in the United States Tribal sovereignty in Montana....
     ancestry.
  • Jon Gallant is bassist for the Canadian band Billy Talent
    Billy Talent

    Billy Talent is a Canada post-hardcore band formed in 1993 in Mississauga, Ontario. The band consists of Benjamin Kowalewicz , Ian D'Sa , Jonathan Gallant and Aaron Solowoniuk ....
    .
  • Hypnotist Scott Ward is of Ojibway/Métis ancestry.
  • Actor Dakota House is of Cree/Métis ancestry.


See also

  • Anglo-Métis
    Anglo-Métis

    A 19th Century community of the M?tis people of Canada, the Anglo-M?tis, more commonly known as Countryborn, were children of the fur trade; typically of Orcadians, Scottish people, or English people paternal descent and Aboriginal peoples in Canada maternal descent....
     (Countryborn)
  • Métis people (United States)
  • First Nations
    First Nations

    First Nations is a term of ethnicity that refers to the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor M?tis people....
  • Métis National Council
    Métis National Council

    The M?tis National Council is a national representative of the M?tis people people in Canada.The National Council was formed in 1983, following the recognition of the M?tis as an aboriginal peoples in Canada in Canada, in Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 of the Constitution Act, 1982....
    • Métis Nation British Columbia
      Métis Nation British Columbia

      The M?tis Nation British Columbia , formerly M?tis Provincial Council of British Columbia, is an aboriginal organization representing M?tis people in British Columbia, Canada....
    • Métis Nation of Alberta
      Métis Nation of Alberta

      The M?tis Nation of Alberta was formed in 1932 as the Metis Association of Alberta. Its primary goal was to be a political body to lobby the government on behalf of the M?tis people ....
    • Métis Nation of Ontario
      Métis Nation of Ontario

      M?tis Nation of Ontario is an aboriginal organization for the M?tis people population in Ontario.It is affiliated with the M?tis National Council....
    • Métis Nation—Saskatchewan
    • Manitoba Métis Federation
      Manitoba Métis Federation

      The Manitoba M?tis Federation is an aboriginal organization in Manitoba, Canada. Its current president is David Chartrand. MMF is an affiliate of the M?tis National Council....


Further reading


External links


Western Métis



Eastern Métis



Government of Canada



Other

  • This site includes contextual materials, links to digitized primary sources and summaries of primary source documents.