Lymphocytosis

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Lymphocytosis

Lymphocytosis is an increase in the number or proportion of lymphocyte

Lymphocyte

A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell in the vertebrate immune system.By their appearance under the light microscope, there are two broad categories of lymphocytes, namely the large granular lymphocytes and the small lymphocytes....
s in the blood, usually detected when a complete blood count

Complete blood count

A complete blood count , also known as full blood count or full blood exam or blood panel, is a test requested by a physician or other medical professional that gives information about the cells in a patient's blood....
is routinely obtained. Lymphocytes normally represent 20 to 40% of circulating white blood cells. The absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) can be directly measured by flow cytometry

Flow cytometry

Flow cytometry is a technique for counting, examining, and sorting microscopic particles suspended in a stream of fluid. It allows simultaneous Parametric model analysis of the physical and/or chemical characteristics of single cells flowing through an optical and/or electronic detection apparatus....
, or calculated by multiplying the total white blood cell

White blood cell

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Encyclopedia

Lymphocytosis is an increase in the number or proportion of lymphocyte

Lymphocyte

Complete blood count

Flow cytometry

White blood cell

White blood cells , or leukocytes , are cell of the immune system defending the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials....
(WBC) count by the percentage of lymphocytes found in the differential count. In absolute lymphocytosis, the total lymphocyte count is elevated above the population reference range (normal). In adults, absolute lymphocytosis is present when the absolute lymphocyte count is greater than 4000 per microliter, in older children greater than 7000 per microliter and in infants greater than 9000 per microliter. Relative lymphocytosis occurs when there is a higher proportion (greater than 40%) of lymphocytes among the white blood cells, however, absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) is normal (less than 4000 per microliter. Relative lymphocytosis is normal in children under age 2.

Symptoms

Lymphocytosis is a feature of infection, particularly in children. In the elderly, lymphoproliferative disorders, including chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and lymphomas, often present with lymphadenopathy and a lymphocytosis. The symptoms of the underlying disease......... Fever

Fever

Fever is a frequent medical sign that describes an increase in internal body temperature to levels above normal. Fever is most accurately characterized as a temporary elevation in the body's thermoregulatory set-point, usually by about 1?2 ?C ....
, general malaise

Malaise

Malaise is a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness, an "out of sorts" feeling, often the first indication of an infection or other disease....
, sore throat

Sore Throat

Sore Throat were a United Kingdom crust punk / grindcore band, formed in Yorkshire in 1987. They are known for being one of the earliest exponents of the grindcore subgenre known as "noisecore", as well launching the careers of several prominent members of the British heavy metal music community....
, lymphadenopathy

Lymphadenopathy

Lymphadenopathy is a term meaning "disease of the lymph nodes." It is, however, almost synonymously used with "swollen/enlarged lymph nodes".When the infection is of the lymph nodes themselves, it is called lymphadenitis, but when the infection is of the lymph channels, it is called lymphangitis....
, and atypical lymphocytes in the blood.

Causes

Causes of absolute lymphocytosis include:

acute viral
Virus

A virus is a Optical microscope#Limitations of light microscopes infectious agent that is unable to grow or reproduce outside a host cell . Viruses infect all cellular life....
infections, such as infectious mononucleosis
Infectious mononucleosis

EBV infectious mononucleosis is an infectious, viral disease which most commonly occurs in adolescents and young adults. It is characterized by fever, sore throat and fatigue , along with several other possible signs and symptoms....
(glandular fever), Epstein-Barr virus
Epstein-Barr virus

The Epstein-Barr Virus , also called Human herpesvirus 4 , is a virus of the herpesviridae , and is one of the most common viruses in humans....
infection, and hepatitis
Hepatitis

Hepatitis implies injury to the liver characterized by the presence of inflammatory cell s in the Tissue of the organ. The name is from ancient Greek hepar , the root being hepat- , meaning liver, and suffix -itis, meaning "inflammation" ....
other acute infections such as pertussis
Pertussis

Pertussis, also known as the whooping cough, is a highly contagious disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis; it derived its name from the"whooping" sound made from the exhalation of air during a cough.; a similar, milder disease is caused by Bordetella parapertussis....
some protozoal infections, such as toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. The parasite infects most genera of warm-blooded animals, including humans, but the primary host is the Felidae....
and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease
Chagas disease

'Chagas disease' is a tropical disease parasitic disease caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. T. cruzi is commonly transmitted to humans and other mammals by an insect Vector , the hematophagy assassin bugs of the subfamily Triatominae most commonly species belonging to the Triatoma, Rhodnius, and Panstrongy...
)
chronic intracellular bacterial infections such as tuberculosis
Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a common and often deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacterium, mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect the central nervous system, the lymphatic system, the circulatory system, the genitourinary system, the gastrointestinal system, bones, joints, and even the...
or brucellosis
Brucellosis

Brucellosis, also called undulant fever, or Malta fever, is a highly contagious zoonosis caused by ingestion of Sterilization_ milk or meat from infected animals, or close contact with their secretions....
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia , is a form of leukemia, or hematological malignancy characterized by excess lymphoblasts.Malignant, immature lymphoblasts continuously multiply and are overproduced in the bone marrow....

Causes of relative lymphocytosis include: age less than 2 years; acute viral

Virus

A virus is a Optical microscope#Limitations of light microscopes infectious agent that is unable to grow or reproduce outside a host cell . Viruses infect all cellular life....
infections; connective tissue disease

Connective tissue disease

A connective tissue disease is any disease that has the connective tissues of the body as a target of pathology. Connective tissue is any type of biological tissue with an extensive extracellular matrix that supports, binds together, and protects organ s....
s, thyrotoxicosis, Addison's disease

Addison's disease

Addison's disease is a rare endocrine disorder in which the adrenal gland doesn't produce enough steroid hormones . It may develop in children and adults, and may occur as the result many underlying causes....
, and splenomegaly

Splenomegaly

Splenomegaly is an enlargement of the spleen, which usually lies in the left upper quadrant of the human abdomen. It is one of the four cardinal signs of hypersplenism, the other three being cytopenia, normal or hyperplastic bone marrow, and a response to splenectomy....
with splenic sequestration of granulocytes.

Lymphocytosis

Symptoms

Causes

External links