Lycia

	Email		Print
	Bookmark		Link

Lycia

"Sidyma" redirects here. For the moth
Moth

A moth is an insect closely related to the butterfly, both being of the Order Lepidoptera. The differences between butterflies and moths are more than just taxonomy....
genus
Genus

A genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The taxonomic ranks are domain , kingdom , phylum, class , order , family , genus, and species....
named thus, see Sidyma (moth)

Sidyma (moth)

Sidyma is a genus of moth in the family Arctiidae.Reference...
.

class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 250px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;">

Ancient Region of Anatolia
Lycia (????a)

Location

Southern Anatolia

Anatolia

Anatolia or Asia Minor is a region of Western Asia, comprising most of the modern Republic of Turkey. It is a geographic region bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Caucasus to the northeast, the Aegean Sea to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Iranian plateau to the east and southeast....

State existed:

15-14th c.

Discussion

Ask a question about 'Lycia'

Start a new discussion about 'Lycia'

Answer questions from other users

Full Discussion Forum

Encyclopedia

Sidyma (moth)

Sidyma is a genus of moth in the family Arctiidae.Reference...
.

Ancient Region of Anatolia Lycia (????a)

Location	Southern Anatolia Anatolia Anatolia or Asia Minor is a region of Western Asia, comprising most of the modern Republic of Turkey. It is a geographic region bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Caucasus to the northeast, the Aegean Sea to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Iranian plateau to the east and southeast....
State existed:	15-14th c. BC (as Lukka Lukka The Lukka lands are often mentioned in Hittites texts from the second millennium BC. It denotes a region in the southwestern part of Anatolia. The Lukka lands were never put under permanent Hittite control and were viewed as hostile by the Hittites.... ) 1250-546 BC
Language	Lycian Lycian language Lycian language refers to the inscriptional language of ancient Lycia, populated by Lycians, as well as its presumed spoken counterpart....
Historical capitals	Xanthos Xanthos Xanthos was the name of a city in ancient Lycia, the site of present day Kinik,Antalya, Turkey, and of the river on which the city is situated....
Roman province	Lycia Lycia Lycia was a region in Anatolia in what are now the Provinces of Turkey of Antalya Province and Mugla Province on the southern coast of Turkey. It was a federation of ancient cities in the region and later a Roman province of the Roman Empire....

Lycia (pronounced /'l?.?i.?/; Lycian

Lycian language

Lycian language refers to the inscriptional language of ancient Lycia, populated by Lycians, as well as its presumed spoken counterpart....
: Trm~mis; ) was a region in Anatolia

Anatolia

Provinces of Turkey

Turkey is divided into 81 provinces, called iller in Turkish language .A province is administered by an appointed governor , and was formerly termed a "governorate" ....
of Antalya

Antalya Province

Antalya Province is located on the Mediterranean coast of south-west Turkey, between the Taurus Mountains and the Mediterranean sea.Antalya Province is the centre of Turkey's tourism industry, attracting 30% of foreign tourists visiting Turkey....
and Mugla

Mugla Province

Mugla is a Provinces of Turkey of Turkey, as the country's south-western corner, on the Aegean Sea. Its seat is Mugla, about 20 km inland, while some of Turkey's largest holiday resorts, such as Bodrum, Oludeniz, Marmaris and Fethiye, are on the coast in Mugla....
on the southern coast

Coast

The coast is defined as that part of the land adjoining or near the ocean or its saltwater arms. A precise line that can be called a coastline cannot be determined due to the process of tides....
of Turkey

Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
. It was a federation of ancient cities in the region and later a province

Roman province

In Ancient Rome, a province was the basic, and until the Tetrarchy , largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside of the Italia ....
of the Roman Empire

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
. The Lycian League was the first federation in the world with democratic principles which later influenced the American Constitution.

Geography

Modern

Lycia is a mountainous and densely forested region along the coast of southwestern Turkey on and around the Teke Peninsula. Turkey's first waymarked

Waymarking

Waymarking is a means by which people can catalog, mark, locate and log unique and interesting locations around the world, usually with a GPS receiver....
long-distance footpath, the Lycian Way

Lycian Way

The Lycian Way is a long-distance trail in Turkey. It is 500 km long and stretches from Fethiye to Antalya, around part of the coast of ancient Lycia....
, follows part of the coast of the region.

Ancient

Lycia was bounded by Caria

Caria

Caria was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Ionians and Dorians Greeks colonized the west of it and joined the Carian population in forming Greek-dominated states there....
to the west and north west, Pamphylia

Pamphylia

In ancient geography, Pamphylia was the region in the south of Asia Minor, between Lycia and Cilicia, extending from the Mediterranean Sea to Mount Taurus ....
to the east, and Pisidia

Pisidia

Pisidia was a region of ancient Asia Minor located north of Lycia, and bordering Caria, Lydia, Phrygia and Pamphylia. It corresponds roughly to the modern-day province of Antalya in Turkey)....
to the north east. The principal cities of ancient Lycia were Xanthos

Xanthos

Xanthos was the name of a city in ancient Lycia, the site of present day Kinik,Antalya, Turkey, and of the river on which the city is situated....
, Patara

Patara

Patara , later renamed Arsinoe , was a flourishing maritime and commercial city on the south-west coast of Lycia on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey near the modern small town of Gelemis, in Antalya Province....
, Myra

Myra

File:Myra Theatre.JPGMyra is an ancient town in Lycia, where the small town of Kale is situated today in present day Antalya Province of Turkey....
, Pinara

Pinara

Pinara – formerly Artymnesus or Artymnesos – was a large ancient city of Lycia , at the foot of Mount Cragus, and not far from the western bank of the river Xanthos , where the Lycian hero Pandarus was worshipped....
, Tlos

Tlos

Tlos is known to have been one of the most important religious centers of the Lycian region in Antalya province of Turkey.It is known as the city where mythological hero Bellerophon and his winged flying horse Pegasus lived....
and Olympos

Olympos

Olympos is the Greek word/name " ????p?? ".Olympos is in a valley at the south coast of Turkey, 90 km southwest of Antalya city near the Town of Kemer....
(each entitled to three votes in the Lycian League) and Phaselis

Phaselis

Features and sights of interest

Though the second-century AD dialogue Erotes found the cities of Lycia "interesting more for their history than for their monuments, since they have retained none of their former splendor", many relics of the Lycians remain visible today, especially their distinctive rock-cut tombs in the sides of cliffs in the region. The British Museum

British Museum

The British Museum is a museum of human history and culture situated in London. Its collections, which number more than 7 million Object , are amongst the largest and most comprehensive in the world and originate from all continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginning to the present....
in London

London

London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the most populous municipality in the European Union. An important settlement for two millennia, History of London goes back to its founding by the Roman Empire....
has one of the best collections of Lycian artifacts. Lycia was an important center of worship for the goddess Leto

Leto

In Greek mythology, Let? is a daughter of the Titan Coeus and Phoebe : Kos claimed her birthplace. In the Olympian scheme of things, Zeus is the father of her twins, Apollo and Artemis, the Letoides....
and later, her twin children, Apollo

Apollo

In Greek mythology and Roman mythology, Apollo , is one of the most important and many-sided of the Twelve Olympians. The ideal of the kouros , Apollo has been variously recognized as a god of light and the sun; truth and prophecy; archery; medicine and healing; music, poetry, and the arts; and more....
and Artemis

Artemis

In Greek mythology, Artemis was the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and the twin sister of Apollo. She was the Hellenic goddess of forests and hills, child birth/virginity/fertility, the hunt and was often depicted as a huntress carrying a bow and arrows.....
.

Ancient language

The eponymous inhabitants of Lycia, the Lycians

Lycians

The Lycians were the ancient inhabitants of Lycia....
, spoke an Indo-European

Indo-European languages

The Indo-European languages are a Language family of several hundred related languages and dialects, including most major languages of Europe, the Iranian plateau , Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent ....
language, belonging to its Anatolian

Anatolian languages

The Anatolian languages are a group of extinct Indo-European languages languages, which were spoken in Asia Minor, the best attested of them being the Hittite language....
branch. The closest language to the Lycian language is the Luwian language, which was spoken in Anatolia during the 2nd and early 1st millennium BC; it may even be its direct ancestor.

History

Bronze age

Ancient Egyptian records describe the Lycians as allies of the Hittites

Hittites

The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a Hittite language of the Anatolian languages of the Indo-European languages family, and established a kingdom centered at Hattusa in north-central Anatolia ca....
. Lycia may have been a member state of the Assuwa

Assuwa

The Assuwa league was a confederation of states in western Anatolia, defeated by the Hittites under an earlier Tudhaliya I around 1400 BC. The league formed to oppose the Hittite empire....
league of ca. 1250 BC, appearing as 'Lukka

Lukka

The Lukka lands are often mentioned in Hittites texts from the second millennium BC. It denotes a region in the southwestern part of Anatolia. The Lukka lands were never put under permanent Hittite control and were viewed as hostile by the Hittites....
or Luqqa. After the collapse of the Hittite Empire, Lycia emerged as an independent "Neo-Hittite

Neo-Hittite

The states that are called Neo-Hittite, or more recently Syro-Hittite, were Luwian language, Aramaic and Phoenician languages-speaking political entities of Iron Age northern Syria and southern Anatolia that arose following the collapse of the Hittite Empire around 1180 BC and lasted until roughly 700 BC....
" kingdom. According to Herodotus

Herodotus

Herodotus of Halicarnassus was a Greeks historian who lived in the 5th century BC and is regarded as the "Father of History" in Western culture....
, Lycia was named after Lycus

Lycus

Lycus or Lykos...
, the son of Pandion II

Pandion II

In Greek mythology, Pandion II was son and heir of Cecrops II, King of Athens. and his wife Metiadusa. He was exiled from Athens, Greece by the sons of his uncle Metion who sought to put Metion on the throne....
of Athens

Athens

Athens , the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery; as one of the List of cities by time of continuous habitation, its recorded history spans around 3,400 years....
. The region was never unified into a single territory in antiquity, but remained a tightly-knit confederation of fiercely independent city-states.

Lycia was frequently mentioned by Homer

Homer

Homer is traditionally held to be the author of the ancient Greek language epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey, as well as of the Homeric Hymns....
as an ally of Troy

Troy

Troy is a legendary city and center of the Trojan War, as described in the Epic Cycle, and especially in the Iliad, one of the two epic poems attributed to Homer....
. In Homer's Iliad

ILiad

The iLiad is an electronic handheld device, or e-book device, which can be used for document reading and editing. Like the Sony Reader or Amazon Kindle, the iLiad makes use of an electronic paper display....
, the Lycian contingent was said to have been led by two esteemed warriors: Sarpedon

Sarpedon

In Greek mythology, Sarpedon referred to at least three different people....
(son of Zeus

Zeus

Zeus in Greek mythology is the king of the gods, the ruler of Mount Olympus and the god of the sky father and List of thunder gods. His symbols are the thunderbolt, eagle, bull , and oak....
and Laodamia

Laodamia

In Greek mythology, Laodamia referred to two different women:#Laodamia was the mother of Sarpedon by Zeus, and a daughter of Bellerophon.#The wife of Protesilaus and daughter of Acastus and Astydameia....
) and Glaucus

Glaucus

In Greek mythology, Glaucus was the name of several different figures, including one god . These figures are sometimes referred to as Glaukos or Glacus....
(son of Hippolochus

Hippolochus

Hippolochus was a Ancient Macedonians writer, a student of Theophrastus, who addressed to his fellow-student Lynceus of Samos a description of a wedding feast in Macedon in the early 3rd century BC....
). Elsewhere in Greek mythology

Greek mythology

Greek mythology is the body of myths and legends belonging to the Ancient Greece concerning their List of Greek mythological figures#Immortals and Greek hero cult, Cosmology#Metaphysical cosmology, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices....
, the Lycian kingdom was said to have been ruled by another Sarpedon

Sarpedon

In Greek mythology, Sarpedon referred to at least three different people....
, a Cretan

Crete

Crete is the largest of the Greek islands and the List of islands in the Mediterranean largest island in the Mediterranean Sea at 8,336 km? ....
exile and brother of the king Minos

Minos

In Greek mythology, Minos was a mythical king of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa . After his death, Minos became a judge of the dead in Greek Underworld....
; Sarpedon's followers were called Termilae, and they founded a dynasty after their conquest of a people called the Milyans. As with the founding of Miletus

Miletus

Miletus was an ancient city on the western coast of Anatolia , near the mouth of the Maeander River in ancient Caria. Evidence of first settlement at the site has been made inaccessible by the rise of sea level and deposition of sediments from the Maeander....
, this mythical story implies a Cretan connection to the settlement of Asia Minor. Lycia appears elsewhere in Greek myth, such as in the story of Bellerophon

Bellérophon

Bell?rophon is an opera with music by Jean-Baptiste Lully and a libretto by Thomas Corneille and Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle first performed at the Palais Royal, Paris on 31 January 1679....
, who eventually succeeded to the throne of the Lycian king Iobates

Iobates

In Greek mythology, Iobates was a Lycian king, the father of Antea and Philonoe. Bellerophon was sent into exile to the land of King Iobates. Proetus, King of Tiryns, wanted Iobates to kill Bellerophon, but Iobates feared the wrath of the gods if he murdered a guest....
(or Amphianax).

Classical period

Lycia came under the control of the Persian Empire

Persian Empire

The 'Persian Empire' was a series of successive Iranian or Persianization empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland, and beyond in Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia and the Caucasus....
in 546 BC when Harpagus

Harpagus

Harpagus , , was a Medes general from the 6th century BC, credited by Herodotus as having put Cyrus the Great on the throne through his defection during the battle of Pasargadae....
of Media

Medes

The Medes were an Ancient Iranian peoples who lived in the northwestern portions of present-day Iran. This area was known in Greek as Media or Medea ....
, a general in the service of Cyrus

Cyrus the Great

Cyrus the Great , , also known as Cyrus II of Persia and Cyrus the Elder, was a Persian people Shah . He was the founder of the Persian Empire under the Achaemenid dynasty, an empire, perhaps the most wealthy and magnificent in history....
conquered Asia Minor

Anatolia

Harpagus

Harpagus , , was a Medes general from the 6th century BC, credited by Herodotus as having put Cyrus the Great on the throne through his defection during the battle of Pasargadae....
's descendants ruled Lycia until 468 BC when Athens wrested control away. Following the ousting of the Persians, as Athens and Sparta fought the Peloponnesian wars, the majority of Lycian cities defaulted from the Delian League, with the exception of Telmessos and Phaselis.

In 429 BC, Athens sent a expedition against Lycia to try to force it to rejoin the league. This failed when Lycia's leader Gergis of Xanthos defeated General Melasander. The Lycians once again fell under Persian domination and by 412 BC, Lycia is documented as fighting on the winning side of Persia. The Persian satraps were re-installed, but (as the coinage of the time attests) they allowed local dynasts the freedom to rule. Persia held Lycia until it was conquered by Alexander III (the Great)

Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great , also known as Alexander III of Macedon was an ancient Greeks King of Macedon . He was one of the most successful military commanders of all time and is presumed undefeated in battle....
of Macedon

Macedon

Macedon or Macedonia was the name of a monarchy centred in the northernmost part of ancient Greece. The homeland of the ancient Macedonians, it was bordered by the kingdom of Epirus to the west and the region of Thrace to the east....
during 334-333 BC.

Hellenistic period

After the death of Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great

Diadochi

The Diadochi were the rival successors of Alexander the Great, and their Wars of the Diadochi followed Alexander's death. This was the beginning of the Hellenistic period of Greek history, the time when many people who were not Greek themselves adopted Greek philosophy and styles, Greek urban life, and aspects of the Greek religion....
fought amongst themselves over the succession. Lycia fell into the hands of the general Antigonus

Antigonus

Antigonus, a Greek people name meaning "comparable to his father" or "worthy of his father", may refer to:* Three Macedonn kings of the Antigonid dynasty that succeeded Alexander the Great in Asia:...
by 304 BC. In 301 BC Antigonus was killed by an alliance of the other successors of Alexander, and Lycia became a part of the kingdom of Lysimachus

Lysimachus

Lysimachus was a Macedonian officer and Diadochi of Alexander the Great, who became a basileus in 306 BCE, ruling Thrace, Anatolia andMacedonia....
, who ruled until he was killed in battle in 281 BC. By 240 BC Lycia was part of the Ptolemaic Kingdom

Ptolemaic Kingdom

The Ptolemaic Kingdom in and around Egypt began following Alexander the Great's conquest in 332 BC and ended with the death of Cleopatra VII and the Aegyptus in 30 BC....
, centred on Egypt, and remained in their control through 200 BC. It had apparently come under Seleucid control by 190 BC, when the Seleucids' defeat in the Battle of Magnesia

Battle of Magnesia

The Battle of Magnesia was fought in 190 BC near Magnesia ad Sipylum, on the plains of Lydia , between the Roman Republic, led by the consul Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus and his brother, the famed general Scipio Africanus, with their ally Eumenes II of Pergamum against the army of Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid Empire....
resulted in Lycia being awarded to Rhodes

Rhodes

Rhodes is a Greece List of islands of Greece approximately southwest of Turkey in eastern Aegean Sea. It is the largest of the Dodecanese islands in terms of both land area and population, with a population of 117,007 of which 53,709 resided in the Rhodes capital city of the island....
in the Peace of Apamea in 188 BC. It was then granted independence by Rome

Rome

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....
in 168 BC (see Lycian League below) and remained so until becoming a Roman province in 43 AD.

Lycian League

The Lycian League was established in 168 BC with democratic principles. It comprised some 23 known city-state

City-state

A city-state is an independent country whose territory consists solely of a single major city and the area immediately surrounding it. Examples include the city-states of ancient Greece , the Phoenician cities of Canaan , the Sumerian cities of Mesopotamia , the Mayans of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica , the central Asian cities along the Silk Roa...
s as members. Lycia, which had been under Rhodian

Rhodes

Rhodes is a Greece List of islands of Greece approximately southwest of Turkey in eastern Aegean Sea. It is the largest of the Dodecanese islands in terms of both land area and population, with a population of 117,007 of which 53,709 resided in the Rhodes capital city of the island....
control since the Peace of Apamea in 188 BC, was granted independence by the Roman Empire

Roman Empire

Third Macedonian War

The Third Macedonian War was a war fought between Ancient Rome and King Perseus of Macedon. In 179 BC King Philip V of Macedon of Macedon died and his talented and ambitious son, Perseus, took his throne....
. These city states joined together in a federal-style government that shared political resources against larger nations. A “Lyciarch” was elected by a senate that convened every autumn at a different city, where each member sent one, two or three representatives, depending on the city's size, to the senate, or Bouleuterion

Bouleuterion

A bouleuterion was a building which housed the council of citizens in Ancient Greece. There are several extant remains of Bouleuterions around Greece and former Greek territories of ancient times....
, as it was called. The major cities of the League included Xanthos

Xanthos

Xanthos was the name of a city in ancient Lycia, the site of present day Kinik,Antalya, Turkey, and of the river on which the city is situated....
, Patara

Patara

Pinara

Olympos

Olympos is the Greek word/name " ????p?? ".Olympos is in a valley at the south coast of Turkey, 90 km southwest of Antalya city near the Town of Kemer....
, Myra

Myra

File:Myra Theatre.JPGMyra is an ancient town in Lycia, where the small town of Kale is situated today in present day Antalya Province of Turkey....
, and Tlos

Tlos

Phaselis

Phaselis is an ancient Lycian city in the provinces of Turkey of Antalya Province in Turkey. It is located between the Bey Mountains and the forests of Olympos National Park, 16 km west of the touristic town of Kemer and on the 57th kilometre of the Antalya?Kumluca highway....
joined the League at a later time. The league continued to function after Lycia became a Roman province in 46 AD. Lycia ceased being a federation in the fourth century AD, when it was taken over by the Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire and Eastern Roman Empire are conventional names used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople....
.

Roman period

In 43, the emperor Claudius

Claudius

Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus or Claudius I was the fourth Roman Emperor, a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, ruling from January 24, AD 41 to his death in AD 54....
annexed it to the Roman Empire

Roman Empire

Pamphylia

In ancient geography, Pamphylia was the region in the south of Asia Minor, between Lycia and Cilicia, extending from the Mediterranean Sea to Mount Taurus ....
as a Roman province. The heir of Augustus, Gaius Caesar

Gaius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar , most commonly known as Gaius Caesar or Caius Caesar, was the oldest son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder.....
, was killed there in 4 AD.

Byzantine era

It subsequently was a part of the Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire and Eastern Roman Empire are conventional names used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople....
.

Turkish era

It was incorporated into the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
and eventually became part of Turkey

Turkey

Population exchange between Greece and Turkey

The 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey is the first large-scale Population transfer, or agreed mutual expulsion in the 20th century....
following the Greco-Turkish War

Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922)

The Greco-Turkish War of 1919?1922, also called the War in Asia Minor, or the Greek campaign of the Turkish War of Independence, was a series of military events occurring during the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire after World War I between May 1919 and October 1922....
in the early 20th century. The region is now one of the key centres of domestic and foreign tourism in Turkey.

Sources

Primary sources

“Poem on the Battle of Kadesh” 305-313, Ramesses II
“Great Karnak Inscription” 572-592, Merneptah

Breasted, J. H. 1906. Ancient Records of Egypt. Vol. III. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

“Plague Prayers of Mursilis” A1-11, b, Mursilis

Pritchard, J. B. 1969. Ancient Near Eastern Texts. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Secondary sources

Refers to many different sea peoples and their contact with Egypt

Egypt

Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
and Anatolia

Anatolia

Philistines

The Philistines were a ethnic group who occupied the southern coast of Canaan, their territory being named Philistia in later contexts....
during the reign of Ramesses III

Ramesses III

Usimare Ramesses III was the second Pharaoh of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt and is considered to be the last great New Kingdom king to wield any substantial authority over Egypt....
.

Discusses Lukka's relations to other regions (like Miletus

Miletus

Miletus was an ancient city on the western coast of Anatolia , near the mouth of the Maeander River in ancient Caria. Evidence of first settlement at the site has been made inaccessible by the rise of sea level and deposition of sediments from the Maeander....
) and where they inhabited.

Covers the Lycians and where they lived, their history, language, culture, cults, and their language.

A description of the Egyptian evidence on the Sea Peoples.

External links

from A. D. F. Hamlin's A History of Ornament (New York: The Century Company, 1916)
from Saudi Aramco World magazine, September/October 2007

Activities

Photos and videos

of the rock-cut tombs of the ancient Lycian necropolis at Myra

Lycia

Geography

Modern

Ancient

Features and sights of interest

Ancient language

History

Bronze age

Classical period

Hellenistic period

Lycian League

Roman period

Byzantine era

Turkish era

Sources

Primary sources

Secondary sources

See also

External links

Activities

Photos and videos