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Luigi Illica
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Luigi Illica (9 May 1857, Castell'Arquato, near Piacenza, Italy - 16 December 1919, Colombarone) was an Italian librettist who wrote for Giacomo Puccini (usually with Giuseppe Giacosa), Alfredo Catalani, Umberto Giordano and other important Italian composers. His most famous opera librettos are those for La bohème, Tosca, Madama Butterfly and Andrea Chénier.
Illica's personal life sometimes imitated his libretti.

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Encyclopedia
Luigi Illica (9 May 1857, Castell'Arquato, near Piacenza, Italy - 16 December 1919, Colombarone) was an Italian librettist who wrote for Giacomo Puccini (usually with Giuseppe Giacosa), Alfredo Catalani, Umberto Giordano and other important Italian composers. His most famous opera librettos are those for La bohème, Tosca, Madama Butterfly and Andrea Chénier.
Illica's personal life sometimes imitated his libretti. The reason he is always photographed with his head slightly turned is because he lost his right ear in a duel over a woman.
When silent films based on Illica's operas were made, his name appeared in large letters on advertisements because distributors could only guarantee that his stories would be used, and not that they would be accompanied by the music of the appropriate composer.
Librettos Here is a list of some librettos written by Luigi Illica and set to music by major composers. The dates in brackets indicate the year of the creation of the opera.
- La Wally (Catalani, 1892)
- Cristoforo Colombo (Franchetti, 1892)
- Manon Lescaut (Puccini, 1893)
- La Bohème (Puccini, 1896)
- Andrea Chénier (Giordano, 1896)
- Iris (Mascagni, 1898)
- Tosca (Puccini, 1900)
- Le maschere (Mascagni, 1901)
- Germania (Franchetti, 1902)
- Siberia (Giordano, 1903)
- Madama Butterfly (Puccini, 1904)
- Isabeau (Mascagni, 1911)
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