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The Lower Pannonia or Pannonia Inferior was an ancient Roman
Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
 province. It was formed in the year 103
103

Events...
 AD. The Lower Pannonia included parts of present-day Hungary
Hungary

Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
, Serbia
Serbia

Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
, Croatia
Croatia

Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a Central European country at the crossroads of Pannonian Plain, Balkans, and the Mediterranean Sea....
, and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country on the Balkans peninsula of South Eastern Europe with an area of 51,129 square kilometres . Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the south, Bosnia and Herzegovina is Landlocked#Nearly landlocked, except for 26 kilometres of the Adriatic Sea coas...
.

of the important cities in Lower Pannonia were: Sirmium
Sirmium

Sirmium was an ancient city in Roman Pannonia. Sirmium originally was an Illyrians town conquered by the Ancient Rome in the 1st century BC. It was a very important town in the later Roman Empire, being the economic capital of Roman Pannonia and one of the four capital cities of the Roman Empire....
 (today Sremska Mitrovica
Sremska Mitrovica

Sremska Mitrovica is a city and municipality located in the Vojvodina province of Serbia at 44.98? North, 19.61? East, on the left bank of the Sava river....
), Cuccium (today Ilok
Ilok

Ilok is the easternmost town and municipality in Croatia. Located in the Syrmia region, it lies on a hill overlooking the Danube river, which forms the border with the Vojvodina region of Serbia....
), Cibalae (today Vinkovci
Vinkovci

Vinkovci is a Croatian town in eastern Slavonia, with a population of 32,455 making it the largest town of the Vukovar-Srijem county. A large majority of its citizens are Croats with 88.99% ....
), Mursa (today Osijek
Osijek

Osijek is the fourth largest city in Croatia with a population of 114,616 in 2001. It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja county....
), Certissa (today Đakovo
Đakovo

?akovo is a town in the region of Slavonia, Croatia, 37 km to the southwest of Osijek and 34 km southeast of Nasice; elevation 111 m. It has a population of 20,912, with a total of 30,092 in the municipality ....
), Marsonia (today Slavonski Brod
Slavonski Brod

Slavonski Brod is a city in Croatia, with a population of 61,823 in 2001. The city was known as Marsonia in the Roman Empire, and as Brod na Savi 1244–1934....
), Sopianae (today Pécs
Pécs

P?cs , , is the fifth largest city of Hungary, located in the south-west of the country, close to its border with Croatia. It is the administrative and economical centre of Baranya ....
), Aquincum (today Buda
Buda

Buda is the western part of the Hungary capital Budapest on the west bank of the Danube. The name Buda takes its name from the name of Bleda the Hun ruler, whose name is also Buda in Hungarian....
), etc.

cca.






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Pannonia02
The Lower Pannonia or Pannonia Inferior was an ancient Roman
Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
 province. It was formed in the year 103
103

Events...
 AD. The Lower Pannonia included parts of present-day Hungary
Hungary

Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
, Serbia
Serbia

Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
, Croatia
Croatia

Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a Central European country at the crossroads of Pannonian Plain, Balkans, and the Mediterranean Sea....
, and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country on the Balkans peninsula of South Eastern Europe with an area of 51,129 square kilometres . Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the south, Bosnia and Herzegovina is Landlocked#Nearly landlocked, except for 26 kilometres of the Adriatic Sea coas...
.

Cities

Some of the important cities in Lower Pannonia were: Sirmium
Sirmium

Sirmium was an ancient city in Roman Pannonia. Sirmium originally was an Illyrians town conquered by the Ancient Rome in the 1st century BC. It was a very important town in the later Roman Empire, being the economic capital of Roman Pannonia and one of the four capital cities of the Roman Empire....
 (today Sremska Mitrovica
Sremska Mitrovica

Sremska Mitrovica is a city and municipality located in the Vojvodina province of Serbia at 44.98? North, 19.61? East, on the left bank of the Sava river....
), Cuccium (today Ilok
Ilok

Ilok is the easternmost town and municipality in Croatia. Located in the Syrmia region, it lies on a hill overlooking the Danube river, which forms the border with the Vojvodina region of Serbia....
), Cibalae (today Vinkovci
Vinkovci

Vinkovci is a Croatian town in eastern Slavonia, with a population of 32,455 making it the largest town of the Vukovar-Srijem county. A large majority of its citizens are Croats with 88.99% ....
), Mursa (today Osijek
Osijek

Osijek is the fourth largest city in Croatia with a population of 114,616 in 2001. It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja county....
), Certissa (today Đakovo
Đakovo

?akovo is a town in the region of Slavonia, Croatia, 37 km to the southwest of Osijek and 34 km southeast of Nasice; elevation 111 m. It has a population of 20,912, with a total of 30,092 in the municipality ....
), Marsonia (today Slavonski Brod
Slavonski Brod

Slavonski Brod is a city in Croatia, with a population of 61,823 in 2001. The city was known as Marsonia in the Roman Empire, and as Brod na Savi 1244–1934....
), Sopianae (today Pécs
Pécs

P?cs , , is the fifth largest city of Hungary, located in the south-west of the country, close to its border with Croatia. It is the administrative and economical centre of Baranya ....
), Aquincum (today Buda
Buda

Buda is the western part of the Hungary capital Budapest on the west bank of the Danube. The name Buda takes its name from the name of Bleda the Hun ruler, whose name is also Buda in Hungarian....
), etc.

Later usage

From cca. 796 to 828/830, Lower Pannonia, as a territory under Frankish influence, referred to present-day northern Croatia, i.e. to Pannonia to the south of the Drava (and to the east of Carantania and Krain). From 828/830 to (at least) cca. 900, Lower Pannonia referred to present-day western Hungary and northern Croatia except for the territory around Neusiedler See
Neusiedler See

Lake Neusiedl is the second largest steppe lake in Central Europe, straddling the Austrian?Hungary border. The lake covers 1 E8 m?, of which 240 km? is on the Austrian side and 75 km? on the Hungarian side....
, i.e. to Pannonia to the south of the Rába
Rába

The R?ba is a river in southeastern Austria and western Hungary and a tributary of the Danube. Its source is in Austria, some kilometres east of Bruck an der Mur....
 River (and to the east of Carantania and Krain). Name also referred to the Slavic Balaton Principality
Balaton Principality

The Balaton Principality was a Slavic principality located in the western part of the Pannonian plain, between the rivers Danube to its east , Drava to the south , Graz to the west, and Koszeg or Klosterneuburg to the north ....
 in the 9th century.

See also

  • Pannonia
    Pannonia

    Pannonia is an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia....
  • Roman provinces
  • Roman Empire
    Roman Empire

    The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....


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