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Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans

 

 
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Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans
 
 
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Louis I of Valois (March 13, 1372 – November 23, 1407) was Duke of Orléans from 1392 to his death. He was also Count of Valois, Duke of Touraine (1386–1392), Count of Blois
Count of Blois

The County of Blois was originally centred on Blois, south of Paris, France. One of the chief cities, along with Blois itself, was Chartres. Blois was associated with Champagne, France, Ch?tillon , and later with the List of French monarchs, to whom the county passed in 1391....
 (1397–1407), Angoulême
Counts and dukes of Angoulême

Angoul?me in western France was part of the Carolingian empire as the kingdom of Aquitaine. Under Charlemagne's successors, the local count of Angoul?me was independent and was not united with the French crown until 1307....
 (1404–1407), Périgord
Périgord

The P?rigord is a Provinces of France of France, which corresponds roughly to the current Dordogne d?partement in France, now forming the northern part of the Aquitaine r?gion in France....
, Dreux
Dreux

Dreux is a town and commune in France in northwest France, in the Eure-et-Loir d?partement in France....
 and Soissons
Soissons

Soissons is a Communes of the Aisne department in the Aisne Departments of France in Picardie in northern France, located on the Aisne River, about 100 kilometres northeast of Paris....
. Louis was son of King Charles V of France
Charles V of France

Charles V , called the Wise, was List of French monarchs from 1364 to his death and a member of the House of Valois. His reign marked a high point for France during the Hundred Years' War, with his armies recovering much of the territory ceded to England at the Treaty of Br?tigny....
 and Joanna of Bourbon
Joanna of Bourbon

Joanna of Bourbon was Queen consort to Charles V of France. Joanna was a daughter of Peter I, Duke of Bourbon and Isabella of Valois , a half-sister of Philip VI of France as the daughter of Charles of Valois and his third wife Mahaut of Chatillon....
 and younger brother of Charles VI
Charles VI of France

Charles VI , called the Well-loved and the Mad , was the List of French monarchs from 1380 to 1399, as a member of the House of Valois....
. In 1389, Louis married Valentina Visconti
Valentina Visconti

Valentina Visconti was the wife of Louis de Valois, Duke of Orl?ans, a younger brother of Charles VI of France.She was born in Milan and was the daughter of Giangaleazzo Visconti, the first Duke of Milan, and his first wife, Isabelle of Valois ....
, daughter of Gian Galeazzo
Gian Galeazzo Visconti

Gian Galeazzo Visconti , son of Galeazzo II Visconti and House of Savoy, was the first Duke of Milan, Italy and ruled the late-medieval city just before the dawn of the Renaissance....
, Duke of Milan.

Louis had an important political role during the Hundred Years' War
Hundred Years' War

The Hundred Years' War was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne, which was vacant with the extinction of the senior House of Capet line of French kings....
.






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Louis I of Valois (March 13, 1372 – November 23, 1407) was Duke of Orléans from 1392 to his death. He was also Count of Valois, Duke of Touraine (1386–1392), Count of Blois
Count of Blois

The County of Blois was originally centred on Blois, south of Paris, France. One of the chief cities, along with Blois itself, was Chartres. Blois was associated with Champagne, France, Ch?tillon , and later with the List of French monarchs, to whom the county passed in 1391....
 (1397–1407), Angoulême
Counts and dukes of Angoulême

Angoul?me in western France was part of the Carolingian empire as the kingdom of Aquitaine. Under Charlemagne's successors, the local count of Angoul?me was independent and was not united with the French crown until 1307....
 (1404–1407), Périgord
Périgord

The P?rigord is a Provinces of France of France, which corresponds roughly to the current Dordogne d?partement in France, now forming the northern part of the Aquitaine r?gion in France....
, Dreux
Dreux

Dreux is a town and commune in France in northwest France, in the Eure-et-Loir d?partement in France....
 and Soissons
Soissons

Soissons is a Communes of the Aisne department in the Aisne Departments of France in Picardie in northern France, located on the Aisne River, about 100 kilometres northeast of Paris....
. Louis was son of King Charles V of France
Charles V of France

Charles V , called the Wise, was List of French monarchs from 1364 to his death and a member of the House of Valois. His reign marked a high point for France during the Hundred Years' War, with his armies recovering much of the territory ceded to England at the Treaty of Br?tigny....
 and Joanna of Bourbon
Joanna of Bourbon

Joanna of Bourbon was Queen consort to Charles V of France. Joanna was a daughter of Peter I, Duke of Bourbon and Isabella of Valois , a half-sister of Philip VI of France as the daughter of Charles of Valois and his third wife Mahaut of Chatillon....
 and younger brother of Charles VI
Charles VI of France

Charles VI , called the Well-loved and the Mad , was the List of French monarchs from 1380 to 1399, as a member of the House of Valois....
. In 1389, Louis married Valentina Visconti
Valentina Visconti

Valentina Visconti was the wife of Louis de Valois, Duke of Orl?ans, a younger brother of Charles VI of France.She was born in Milan and was the daughter of Giangaleazzo Visconti, the first Duke of Milan, and his first wife, Isabelle of Valois ....
, daughter of Gian Galeazzo
Gian Galeazzo Visconti

Gian Galeazzo Visconti , son of Galeazzo II Visconti and House of Savoy, was the first Duke of Milan, Italy and ruled the late-medieval city just before the dawn of the Renaissance....
, Duke of Milan.

Louis had an important political role during the Hundred Years' War
Hundred Years' War

The Hundred Years' War was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne, which was vacant with the extinction of the senior House of Capet line of French kings....
. With the increasing insanity of his elder brother Charles the Mad (who suffered from either schizophrenia
Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia , from the Ancient Greek Root schizein and phren, phren- is a psychiatry diagnosis that describes a mental disorder characterized by abnormalities in the perception or expression of reality....
, porphyria
Porphyria

Porphyrias are a group of inherited or acquired disorders of certain enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway . They are broadly classified as acute porphyrias and cutaneous porphyrias, based on the site of the overproduction and accumulation of the porphyrins ....
 or bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder is a Classification of mental disorders that describes a category of mood disorders, or mood swings, defined by the presence of one or more episodes of abnormally elevated mood clinically referred to as mania or, if milder, hypomania....
), Louis disputed the regency
Regent

A regent, from the Latin regens "reigning", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present or debilitated....
 and guardianship of the royal children with John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy
Duke of Burgundy

Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Sa?ne which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Bald's West Franks....
. The enmity between the two was public and a source of political unrest in the already troubled France. Louis had the initial advantage, being the brother rather than the first cousin of the king, but his character and rumour of an affair with the queen consort Isabeau of Bavaria
Isabeau of Bavaria

Isabeau de Bavi?re was a Queen Consort of France after marrying Charles VI of France, a member of the Valois Dynasty, on July 17, 1385. She assumed a prominent role in public affairs during the disastrous later years of her husband's reign....
 made him extremely unpopular. For the following years, the children of Charles VI were successively kidnapped and recovered by both parties, until the Duke of Burgundy managed to be appointed by royal decree guardian of the Dauphin and regent of France.

Louis did not give up and took every effort to sabotage John's rule, including squandering the money raised for the relief of Calais
Calais

Calais is a town in northern France in the Departments of France of Pas-de-Calais, of which it is a sub-prefecture. Although Calais is by far the largest city in Pas-de-Calais, the department's capital is its third-largest city of Arras....
, then occupied by the English. After this episode, John and Louis broke into open threats and only the intervention of John of Valois
John, Duke of Berry

John of Valois, the Magnificent, was Duke of Berry and Rulers of Auvergne and Count of Poitiers and Montpensier. He was the third son of King John II of France and Bonne of Luxemburg; his brothers were Charles V of France, Louis I of Naples and Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy....
, Duke of Berry and uncle of both men, avoided a civil war. On November 20, 1407 a solemn reconciliation was vowed in front of the court of France, but only three days later, Louis was brutally assassinated in the streets of Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
, when armed men under the orders of John the Fearless, attacked him while he was mounting his horse, and literally amputated his arms, leaving him defenceless.

Louis' murder would spark a bloody feud and civil war between Burgundy and the French Royal family which would divide France for the next seventy years and only end with the death of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy in 1477.

Family

]] By his marriage with Valentina Visconti:
  • a daughter (1390)
  • Louis (1391–1395)
  • a son (1392)
  • John Philip (1393)
  • Charles, Duke of Orléans (1394–1465), father of King Louis XII of France
    Louis XII of France

    Louis XII , called "the Father of the People" was the thirty-fifth List of French monarchs of France and the sole monarch from the House of Valois Cadet branch of the House of Valois....
  • Philip (1396–1420), Count of Vertus
  • John, Count of Angoulême
    John, Count of Angoulême

    John of Orl?ans, Count of Angoul?me and of P?rigord , 1399 – 30 April 1467, younger son of Louis I, Duke of Orl?ans and Valentina Visconti, and a grandson of Charles V of France....
     (1404–1467), grandfather of King Francis I of France
    Francis I of France

    Francis I , was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547.Francis I is considered to be France's first Renaissance monarch....
  • Marie (1401)
  • Margaret (1406–1466), Countess of Vertus, married in 1423 Richard of Brittany, Count of Étampes


His illegitimate son by Mariette of Enghien, John of Dunois
Jean de Dunois

John of Orl?ans, Count of Dunois was the illegitimate son of Louis of Valois, Duke of Orl?ans by Mariette d'Enghien.The term "Bastard of Orl?ans" was the usual name for most of his career....
  | width="30%" align="center" rowspan="4"| Preceded by:
— | width="40%" align="center" | Duke of Touraine
1386–1392 | width="30%" align="center" | Succeeded by:
to royal domain
Crown lands of France

The crown lands, crown estate, royal domain or domaine royal of France refers to the lands, fiefs and rights directly possessed by the List of French monarchs....
 |- | width="40%" align="center" | Duke of Orléans
1392–1407 | width="30%" align="center" rowspan="4"| Succeeded by:
Charles |- | width="40%" align="center" | Count of Valois
1386?–1406 |- | width="40%" align="center" | Count of Beaumont-sur-Oise
bef. 1389–1407 |- | width="30%" align="center" | Preceded by:
Guy II | width="40%" align="center" | Count of Blois
Count of Blois

The County of Blois was originally centred on Blois, south of Paris, France. One of the chief cities, along with Blois itself, was Chartres. Blois was associated with Champagne, France, Ch?tillon , and later with the List of French monarchs, to whom the county passed in 1391....

1397–1407