Louis-Léger Vauthier

Louis-Léger Vauthier (born April 6, 1815) was a French

France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country located in Western Europe, with several overseas islands and territories located on other continents. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean...

 engineer

Engineer

Engineers are concerned with developing economical and safe solutions to practical problems, by applying mathematics and scientific knowledge while considering technical constraints. The term is derived from the Latin root "ingenium," meaning "cleverness"...

 who designed bridge

Bridge

A bridge is a structure built to span a valley, road, body of water, or other physical obstacle, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle. Designs of bridges vary depending on the function of the bridge and the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed.-History:The first...

s and roadways and was elected to the National Assembly of France in May 1849, as a member for the departement of Cher.

Vauthier was born Bergerac

Bergerac

Bergerac can refer to:* Bergerac, Dordogne, a French market town* Cyrano de Bergerac, a French dramatist and duelist* Cyrano de Bergerac , a French play of 1897 based around the life of the dramatist...

 in the Dordogne

Dordogne

Dordogne is a départment in south-west France. The départment is located in the region of Aquitaine, between the Loire valley and the High Pyrénées named after the great river Dordogne that runs through it...

. Although deported

Deportation

Deportation means the expulsion of a person or group of people from a place or country. The expulsion of natives is also called banishment, exile, or penal transportation. Deportation is an ancient practice: Khosrau I, Sassanid King of Persia, deported 292,000 citizens, slaves, and conquered people...

 for his revolutionary ideas, he became a civil engineer

Civil engineer

A civil engineer is a person who practices civil engineering, one of the many professions of engineering. Originally a civil engineer worked on public works projects and was contrasted with the military engineer, who worked on armaments and defenses...

 in Spain

Spain

Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though España , Estado español and Nación española are used interchangeably...

 and then Switzerland

Switzerland

Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 states named cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities...

 before returning to Paris

Paris

Paris is the capital of France and the country's most populous city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...

 in 1861. He also spent several years in Recife

Recife

Recife is the 5th largest Metropolitan area in Brazil with 3,768,902 inhabitants, the largest metropolitan area of the North/Northeast Regions, the 4th largest metropolitan influence area in Brazil, and the capital of the state of Pernambuco. The population of the city proper was 1,561,659 in 2009...

, Brazil

Brazil

Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the fifth largest country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the fifth most populous country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean...

.

He is known to have proposed an early idea for a 'Chemin de fer circulaire interieur' in 1865 - which would have formed an early Paris Metro

Paris Métro

The Paris Métro or Métropolitain is the rapid transit system in Paris. It is a symbol of the city, notable for its station architecture, influenced by Art Nouveau. It has 16 lines, mostly underground, and a total length of 214 km . There are 300 stations...

.

Louis-Léger Vauthier (born April 6, 1815) was a French

France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country located in Western Europe, with several overseas islands and territories located on other continents. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean...

 engineer

Engineer

Engineers are concerned with developing economical and safe solutions to practical problems, by applying mathematics and scientific knowledge while considering technical constraints. The term is derived from the Latin root "ingenium," meaning "cleverness"...

 who designed bridge

Bridge

A bridge is a structure built to span a valley, road, body of water, or other physical obstacle, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle. Designs of bridges vary depending on the function of the bridge and the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed.-History:The first...

s and roadways and was elected to the National Assembly of France in May 1849, as a member for the departement of Cher.

Vauthier was born Bergerac

Bergerac

Bergerac can refer to:* Bergerac, Dordogne, a French market town* Cyrano de Bergerac, a French dramatist and duelist* Cyrano de Bergerac , a French play of 1897 based around the life of the dramatist...

 in the Dordogne

Dordogne

Dordogne is a départment in south-west France. The départment is located in the region of Aquitaine, between the Loire valley and the High Pyrénées named after the great river Dordogne that runs through it...

. Although deported

Deportation

Deportation means the expulsion of a person or group of people from a place or country. The expulsion of natives is also called banishment, exile, or penal transportation. Deportation is an ancient practice: Khosrau I, Sassanid King of Persia, deported 292,000 citizens, slaves, and conquered people...

 for his revolutionary ideas, he became a civil engineer

Civil engineer

A civil engineer is a person who practices civil engineering, one of the many professions of engineering. Originally a civil engineer worked on public works projects and was contrasted with the military engineer, who worked on armaments and defenses...

 in Spain

Spain

Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though España , Estado español and Nación española are used interchangeably...

 and then Switzerland

Switzerland

Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 states named cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities...

 before returning to Paris

Paris

Paris is the capital of France and the country's most populous city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...

 in 1861. He also spent several years in Recife

Recife

Recife is the 5th largest Metropolitan area in Brazil with 3,768,902 inhabitants, the largest metropolitan area of the North/Northeast Regions, the 4th largest metropolitan influence area in Brazil, and the capital of the state of Pernambuco. The population of the city proper was 1,561,659 in 2009...

, Brazil

Brazil

Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the fifth largest country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the fifth most populous country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean...

.

He is known to have proposed an early idea for a 'Chemin de fer circulaire interieur' in 1865 - which would have formed an early Paris Metro

Paris Métro

The Paris Métro or Métropolitain is the rapid transit system in Paris. It is a symbol of the city, notable for its station architecture, influenced by Art Nouveau. It has 16 lines, mostly underground, and a total length of 214 km . There are 300 stations...

. And again in 1872, 1886 and 1887 he put forward more ideas for an urban transit

Transit

-Transportation:* Ford Transit, a van made by the Ford Motor Company* Mass transit, transportation systems in which the passengers do not travel in their own vehicles* Navigational transit, when a navigator observes two fixed reference points in line...

 system in the capital.

In cartography

Cartography

Cartography is the study and practice of making geographical maps. Combining science, aesthetics, and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality can be modeled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively.The fundamental problems of cartography are to:*Set the map's...

, he is also credited with one of the earliest (if not the first) thematic map

Thematic map

A thematic map is a simple map made to reflect a particular theme about a geographic area. Thematic maps can portray physical, social, political, cultural, economic, sociological, agricultural, or any other aspects of a city, state, region,nation , or continent.- Overview :A thematic map is...

 to use contour line

Contour line

A contour line of a function of two variables is a curve along which the function has a constant value. In cartography, a contour line joins points of equal elevation above a given level, such as mean sea level...

s
to display a non-geographic variable on map--- a contour map of the population of Paris in 1874.