Loralai District
Encyclopedia
Loralai is a district
Districts of Pakistan
The Districts of Pakistan are the second order administrative divisions of Pakistan. Districts were the third order of administrative divisions, below provinces and "divisions", until the reforms of August 2000, when "divisions" were abolished...

 in the centre of Balochistan
Balochistan (Pakistan)
Balochistan is one of the four provinces or federating units of Pakistan. With an area of 134,051 mi2 or , it is the largest province of Pakistan, constituting approximately 44% of the total land mass of Pakistan. According to the 1998 population census, Balochistan had a population of...

 province
Subdivisions of Pakistan
The administrative units of Pakistan consist of four provinces, one federal capital territory, and a group of federally-administered tribal areas...

 of Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...

. Loralai district was created on October, 1903. Loralai
Loralai
Loralai is the principal city of Loralai District in the northeast of the Balochistan Province of Pakistan. It was formerly known as Bori. It is four thousand seven hundred feet above the sea level....

 town is the district headquarters. Loralai was further partitioned in 1992 when Musakhel
Musakhel District
Musakhel is a district in the northwest of Balochistan province of Pakistan. The language of the district are Pashto, Balochi and Jaffarki most of the people are Pashtuns- Geography :...

 and Barkhan
Barkhan District
Barkhan a district in the north-west of the Balochistan province of Pakistan. It was given the status of a district on 31 December 1991.-Population:...

 were given the status of separate administrative districts.

Boundary

The present boundaries of Loralai district contain three sub-divisions namely sub-division Duki , sub-division Bori and Tehsil Makhter. Duki sub-division is further divided into Tehsil Duki
Duki
Duki is a town of Loralai District in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. It is located at 30°9'0N 68°34'0E with an altitude of 1092 metres ....

 and Sub-Tehsil Sinjavi. Sub-division Bori
Bori
Bori is a town and arrondissement located in the N’Dali commune of the Borgou Department of Benin....

 consists of tehsil Bori. Sub-tehsil Makhter become tehsil with the great endeavor of Tehsil Nazim Bori (Molvi Abdullah Hamzazai).

History

In 1545 Duki
Duki
Duki is a town of Loralai District in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. It is located at 30°9'0N 68°34'0E with an altitude of 1092 metres ....

, a dependency of the Kandahar
Kandahar
Kandahar is the second largest city in Afghanistan, with a population of about 512,200 as of 2011. It is the capital of Kandahar Province, located in the south of the country at about 1,005 m above sea level...

 province, was conferred upon Mir Sayyid Ali by the Mughal
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire ,‎ or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids...

 Emperor Humayun
Humayun
Nasir ud-din Muhammad Humayun was the second Mughal Emperor who ruled present day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of northern India from 1530–1540 and again from 1555–1556. Like his father, Babur, he lost his kingdom early, but with Persian aid, he eventually regained an even larger one...

. The province of Kandahar continued under Mughals until the year 1559 when it passed into the hands of the Safavids Kings of Persia and remained under their control until 1595. In 1595 it was recaptured by Emperor Akbar the Great
Akbar the Great
Akbar , also known as Shahanshah Akbar-e-Azam or Akbar the Great , was the third Mughal Emperor. He was of Timurid descent; the son of Emperor Humayun, and the grandson of the Mughal Emperor Zaheeruddin Muhammad Babur, the ruler who founded the Mughal dynasty in India...

, during Akbar's reign the territory of Duki which was generally garrisoned, formed an eastern dependency of the Kandahar
Kandahar
Kandahar is the second largest city in Afghanistan, with a population of about 512,200 as of 2011. It is the capital of Kandahar Province, located in the south of the country at about 1,005 m above sea level...

 Province and provided a contingent of 500 horses and 1000 feet (304.8 m) soldiers. In 1622 Kandahar again passed under the Safavids.

In 1653 Emperor Shah Jahan
Shah Jahan
Shah Jahan Shah Jahan (also spelled Shah Jehan, Shahjehan, , Persian: شاه جهان) (January 5, 1592 – January 22, 1666) Shah Jahan (also spelled Shah Jehan, Shahjehan, , Persian: شاه جهان) (January 5, 1592 – January 22, 1666) (Full title: His Imperial Majesty Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan...

 sent a large expedition under his eldest son, Dara-Shikoh, to regain Kandahar but in vain. This was the last attempt on the part of the Mughals to regain Kandahar which was now lost to them for ever. Mir Wais Ghilzai or Khilji established Ghilzai/Khilji power in Kandahar around 1709. After 30 years of supremacy the Ghilzai/Khilji power gave way to Nadir Shah who captured after a severe struggle in 1737. However in 1747 Nadir Shah was assassinated and Ahmad Shah Durrani
Ahmad Shah Durrani
Ahmad Shah Durrani , also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī and born as Ahmad Khān, was the founder of the Durrani Empire in 1747 and is regarded by many to be the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan.Ahmad Khan enlisted as a young soldier in the military of the Afsharid kingdom and quickly rose...

 took over the reign and Government. The Durranis were followed in about 1826 by the Barakzai under Dost Mohammad Khan
Dost Mohammad Khan
Dost Mohammad Khan was the Emir of Afghanistan between 1826 and 1863. He first ruled from 1826 to 1839 and then from 1843 to 1863. He was the 11th son of Sardar Pāyendah Khan who was killed by Zaman Shah Durrani in 1799...

. Almost the whole of Loralai District remained under this dynasty till 1879, in 1879 Duki and the Thal Chotiali country with other parts of Balochistan passed into the hands of the British.

In 1879 at the close of the first phase of Afghan war a British contingent while returning from Kandahar was opposed by a large body of tribesmen from the Zhob and Bori valley at Baghao under command of Shah Jahan (chief of Zhob). However tribal lashkar was defeated completely. In 1881 Thal Chotiali (Sibi) which included Duki was made Sub district of the Harnai political Agency. In 1881 inhabitants of Sanjavi were brought under British subjugation. In 1883 it was decided to build cantt at Duki and the Garrison of Thal Chotiali (Sibi) leaving a detachment at Gumbaz. In October 1884 a force comprising 4800 men moved in to Bori (Loralai) valley and the mission was completely successful. In the following years it was decided that a frontier road should be constructed from Dera Ghazi Khan to Pishin through Loralai. The cantt from Duki was accordingly moved forward in 1886 to Loralai and Mil posts were stationed at Sanjavi, Mekhtar and Kingri. The Head Quarter of Assistant Political Agent at Duki was also changed to Loralai. In Nov 1887 Duki and Thal Chotiali (Sibi) were declared parts of British India and for the purpose of administration, the designation of the Political Agent was changed to that of Deputy Commissioner. In 1888 Sir Robert Sandeman proceeded with a small force through Musa Khel to Southern Zhob. Ultimately this led to the occupation of the Zhob valley in 1889. Loralai town and cantt remained under the Thal Chotiali Dist until 1894 when it was made over to the Zhob Agency.

Politics

In Oct 1903 the Thal Chotali and Zhob Agencies were remodeled and the name of the former was changed to Sibi District and thus a new District, Loralai was created. To this were the Musa Khel and Bori Tehsils from Zhob and Duki, Sanjavi and Barkhan Tehsils from the Thal Chotiali Distt.

After the defeat of Kakar Tribesman under the command of Ghazy Arsala Khan Utmankhel،دباباغازی ارسلا خان اوتمانخيل , Shah Jahan Jogezai in the Baghao areas near Duki, most of the people in the areas were depressed and were shocked of win of British forces. At the end of this war in 1881–82 the British forces were entered into Loralai city without any resistance and they occupied the mostly areas of Bori, Duki, Sanjavi and Mekhtar. In 1984, the British Forces have declared the mission completely successful and a Platoon of 4800 men were moved into Loralai Bori. The Cantt from Duki was accordingly moved into Bori (Loralai) and proper cantonment areas were defined. In the same time, many people like Zarak Khan Churmai, Wasal Kudezai, Amanullah Khan, Sherjan Khan, Thor Sawan etc. had started guerrilla war against British invasion. There was no concept of political and democratic struggle in the tribal areas of Loralai, Zhob, Barkan etc. In 1936 Baran Khan started a democratic movement against British Empire by the name of "Anjuman-i-Watan". The founder of this movement was Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai
Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai
Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai was a Pashtun nationalist and political leader from Quetta, Pakistan. Known as "Khan Shaheed", he became the founder and head of Anjuman-i-Watan, Wror Pashtoon and Pakhtunkhwa National Awami Party...

. This was first well organized democratic movement in the history of Loralai as well whole Zhob division. Baran Khan Kudezai
Baran Khan Kudezai
Malak Baran Khan Kudezai was Chief of the Bori Kudezai Tribe. He was a great fighter and a politician. He was also remained an active member of Loya Afghan Jirga ....

 established an office in Loralai city near Paharhi Muhallah (mountainous part in city). In 1937 the Tehreek was in more spirit and succeeded, a large number of people joined the Tehreek and they demanded a separate homeland for Pashtoons in Southern and western areas of NWFP. In western areas the Khudai Khidmat Gar (Red-Shirt) movement was on peak for independence from British emperor. Baran Khan invited the Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan in Loralai in 1938 and there held a huge public meeting in city with the help of Anjuman-i-Watan. Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai
Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai
Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai was a Pashtun nationalist and political leader from Quetta, Pakistan. Known as "Khan Shaheed", he became the founder and head of Anjuman-i-Watan, Wror Pashtoon and Pakhtunkhwa National Awami Party...

, the founder of Anjuman-i-Watan also participated in that meeting. At night Abdul Ghaffar Khan and Abdul Samad Khan took dinner in Zangiwal village at Baran Khan's hujra(Guestroom). Baran Khan remained very close with Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai and accompanied him on every visit of Loralai and Zhob. He was one of the rights hands of Achakzai's in their political journey. In 1939, the Commissionar of Zhob Division started a crackdown against all the political leaders of Anjuman-i-Watan movement and arrested more than hundreds of the leaders. Baran was also arrested and was confined for six months Judicial remands in central Jail Quetta. At the time of confinement at the Central Jail Quetta, Allah had given son to Baran Khan. Baran Khan named his new born baby as 'Anjuman'. He wanted to leave alive this name forever. While imprisoned in jail, the Jail Superintendent offered a deal of three shops in Jinnah road and asked Baran Khan Kudezai
Baran Khan Kudezai
Malak Baran Khan Kudezai was Chief of the Bori Kudezai Tribe. He was a great fighter and a politician. He was also remained an active member of Loya Afghan Jirga ....

 to take aside from the movement and keep stayed in Quetta. Baran Khan rejected those offers and submitted his life for attaining the rights, dignity and sovereignty of Pashtun.
Ghazi Arsala Khan Utmankhel was a great leader of Pashtoon ا عبدلوهاب اوتمانخيل دپشتون خلق د يووالی غوشتونکی و دلراوبرپشتون Abdul Wahab Utmankhel Marhoom was a great leader of Pashtoon and one of the best men was Khalil Ahmed Khajjak. Ghan Hamazai, Shista Khan lavenia

Demography

The population of Loralai district was estimated to be over 700,000 in 2005. The vast majority of the population of Loralai district are Pashtun
Pashtun people
Pashtuns or Pathans , also known as ethnic Afghans , are an Eastern Iranic ethnic group with populations primarily between the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan and the Indus River in Pakistan...

 with Kakar
Kakar
The Kakar are a Pashtun tribe, with members living in Afghanistan and Pakistan.-Kakar :Kakar Afghan was one of the grandsons of Qais Abdur Rashid. Kakar's father's name was Dani, son of Gharghasht, who was the son of Qais in the Afghan appendix of tribes. According to Afghan and Muslim historians,...

 and nasar
Nasar
Nasar , originally baptized Basil , was a distinguished Byzantine military leader in the Byzantine–Arab conflicts of the latter half of the 9th century....

 as majority tribes. The district offers a great blend of mixed tribes from all parts of Pakistan. Some major tribes of Loralai have migrated from the parts of Zhob like Batozai, Jogezai
Jogezai
Jogezai is a Pashtun tribe settled in Pakistan .It is A sub Tribe Of Kakar Jalalzai Sanzarkhail. The majority of the Jogezai live in the valley of Zhob in Pakistan. Their current Nawab is Nawab Mohammad Ayaz Khan Jogezai who is also prominent leader of Pashtunkhwa Party who are against the...

, Jalalzai and Musazai and some Afghan refugees who have permanently settled in the region are Nasar, Sulemankhail, Tarakai, Tokhai, Andar etc..
About one fourth of the population is Baloch
Baloch people
The Baloch or Baluch are an ethnic group that belong to the larger Iranian peoples. Baluch people mainly inhabit the Balochistan region and Sistan and Baluchestan Province in the southeast corner of the Iranian plateau in Western Asia....

. There major tribes are Marri
Marri
Marri ) is one of the largest ethnic Baloch tribes in Balochistan and Sindh provinces of Pakistan. Marri was considered to be a clan of the Rind tribe in the early history of Baloch and Balochistan...

 and Buzdar, who mostly dwell on southern and western portions of the district.

Main Tribes of Loralai

District Loralai is inhabited by predominately Pathan tribes. Major tribes are;-

(1) Kakar
Kakar
The Kakar are a Pashtun tribe, with members living in Afghanistan and Pakistan.-Kakar :Kakar Afghan was one of the grandsons of Qais Abdur Rashid. Kakar's father's name was Dani, son of Gharghasht, who was the son of Qais in the Afghan appendix of tribes. According to Afghan and Muslim historians,...

 Mardanzai, Kudezai, Utmakhel, ,shadozai, Kibzai, Malazai, Sargarh, Shabozai, Abdula Zai, Khosti, Jogezai etc.)

(2) Tareen
Tareen
The Tareen are a prominent Sarbanri Pashtun tribe residing in Afghanistan and in Pakistan. They are one of the largest Pashtun tribes.-History:...



(3) [Luni]

(4) Nasar
Nasar
Nasar , originally baptized Basil , was a distinguished Byzantine military leader in the Byzantine–Arab conflicts of the latter half of the 9th century....

(daudkhiel..oshkhiel..milizai..

(5) [Durrani]] (achikzaies)

(6) Ghilzai
Ghilzai
Ghilzai are the largest Pashtun tribal confederacy found in Afghanistan and Pakistan. They are also known historically as Ghilji, Khilji, Ghalji, Ghilzye, and possibly Gharzai...

 (including Suleimankhail,Tarakai, Hottak, Tokhai, Andar etc.

(7) [Syed baidar]]

(9) [Khawaja]]

(10) Musakhail

The Baloch tribes are mostly

(1) Marri
Marri
Marri ) is one of the largest ethnic Baloch tribes in Balochistan and Sindh provinces of Pakistan. Marri was considered to be a clan of the Rind tribe in the early history of Baloch and Balochistan...



(2) Buzdar

(3) Khetran
Khetran
The Khetran is a Baloch tribe in [Balochistan], Pakistan, of Rind origin. Their first language is the Khetrani language, and balochi language which is spoken only by their tribe....


Duki

(a)NASAR(KHILJI)5000 FAMILIES
(b)LUNI(SHAMEZAI)2500 FAMILIES
(c)TAREEN(TOR AND SPIN)1500 FAMILIES
(d)SHADOZAI(KAKAR)250 FAMILIES
(e)ZARKOON(IBRAHIMZAI)150 FAMILIES
(f)HASSANI(BALOCH)100 FAMILIES

Makhter

(a) Gahnazai (Hamzazai) 2500 FAMILIES.

(b) Shumzai (Hamzazai) 1500 FAMILIES.

(c) Plezai (Hamzazai) 700 FAMILIES.

(d) Mahrezai (Hamzazai) 250 FAMILIES.

(e) Khlanzai (Hamzazai) 150 FAMILIES.

Musa Khel

(a) Kibzai (kakar)
(b) Zimri
(c) Belkhel
(d) Laharzai
(e) Syed (Ghar Sheen)
(f) Gaffer

Development

Loralai city has its own radio broadcasting station and mobile coverage of three operators. With the completion of the Loralai-Dera Ghazi Khan road, many people see a much more brighter and prosperous future for the district since the travel to DG Khan is important in many ways like the transportation of cash crops and food crops and coal loaded trucks from Chamalang coal mines. The road is under construction between Wagum Rud and Khajuri for some time. Now a new contract has been awarded to FWO and fresh date for its completion is December 2008. All coal loaded trucks heading to Punjab and other areas travel on this road.

Mercy Corps stopped their operations in Loralai region due to their internal problems.
Some other local NGOs are also working in the region like LAFAM,Association For Heath Development (A H D)which is working on malaria and has started its free medical camp in D H Q hospital Duki in collaboration with directorate of malaria control program and remained its camp open as long as malaria being controlled in the area.in 2010, the RAHA-RAA-UNDP alos started their operations in Loralai region, the programe is mostly for refuges affected communities which is located in Kach UC, WRANGA Foundation is an implementing partner in the area with RAHH-RAA-UNDP. Wranga is a Pashto language word which means 'beam of light'. Now WRANGA is going to open and establish their offices in Kohlu, Barakan, Musakhail and Ziarat.

Institutions

There are many educational Institutions in District Loralai. These are listed below :-
1. University of Balochistan Sub-Campas Loralai.
2. Balochistan Residentional College (BRC),Loralai http://brcl.yoll.net/
3. Govt Boys Degree College Loralai.
4. Govt Girls Degree College Loralai.
5. Balochistan Institute of IT and Mamagement Sciences (BIITMS) Loralai. http://www.biitms.edu.pk
6. Govt Inter Science College Duke.
7. Govt Inter Science College Makhter.
8. Pak-Jerman Technical Training Center (TTC) Loralai.

There are many governmental and public high, middle and primary schools in District Loralai.
There are also many Islamic Institutions at Loralai.

Resources

Many kinds of fruits and vegetables are cultivated in this district. Loralai is especially famous for its almond and apple production. Loralai is also rich in marble and its marble tiles are gaining popularity throughout the country. A lot of marble trimming factories have been established in the district and it now provides marble tiles to various parts of the country. The major source of income for the common inhabitants is agriculture and farming.and also for marble industries . Nasrullah marble and mining co one of the company from area it is working since 1998 .

The town, which is situated 4700 ft (1,432.6 m) above the sea level in which the wealth of the inhabitants is derived from their herds of cattle and also other animals. The district is also popular in the business of items especially vehicles smuggled here through Afghan Transit Trade. All types of vehicles are smuggled to Loralai and then to the other parts of the country after being customed or duplicated in papers here.
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