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Long bone
 
 
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The long bones are those that are longer than they are wide, and grow primarily by elongation of the diaphysis
Diaphysis

The diaphysis is the main or mid section of a long_bone . It is made up of cortical bone and usually contains bone marrow and adipose tissue ....
, with an epiphysis
Epiphysis

The epiphysis is the rounded end of a long bone, at its joint with adjacent bone. Between the epiphysis and diaphysis lies the metaphysis, including the epiphyseal plate ....
 at the ends of the growing bone
Bone

Bones are rigid organ that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red blood cell and white blood cells and store minerals....
. The ends of epiphyses are covered with a hyaline cartilage
Hyaline cartilage

Hyaline cartilage consists of a slimy mass of a firm consistency, but of considerable elasticity and pearly bluish color. It contains no nerves or blood vessels, and its structure is relatively simple....
 ("articular cartilage"). The longitudinal growth of long bones is a result of endochondral ossification
Endochondral ossification

Endochondral ossification is one of the two processes during fetal development of the mammal skeleton in which bone tissue is created. It is also an essential process during the rudimentary formation of long bones, the growth of the Epiphyseal plate of long bones, and the healing of bone healing....
 at the epiphyseal plate
Epiphyseal plate

The epiphyseal plate is a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone. The plate is found in children and adolescents; in adults, who have stopped growing, the plate is replaced by an epiphyseal line....
.






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Illu Long Bone
The long bones are those that are longer than they are wide, and grow primarily by elongation of the diaphysis
Diaphysis

The diaphysis is the main or mid section of a long_bone . It is made up of cortical bone and usually contains bone marrow and adipose tissue ....
, with an epiphysis
Epiphysis

The epiphysis is the rounded end of a long bone, at its joint with adjacent bone. Between the epiphysis and diaphysis lies the metaphysis, including the epiphyseal plate ....
 at the ends of the growing bone
Bone

Bones are rigid organ that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red blood cell and white blood cells and store minerals....
. The ends of epiphyses are covered with a hyaline cartilage
Hyaline cartilage

Hyaline cartilage consists of a slimy mass of a firm consistency, but of considerable elasticity and pearly bluish color. It contains no nerves or blood vessels, and its structure is relatively simple....
 ("articular cartilage"). The longitudinal growth of long bones is a result of endochondral ossification
Endochondral ossification

Endochondral ossification is one of the two processes during fetal development of the mammal skeleton in which bone tissue is created. It is also an essential process during the rudimentary formation of long bones, the growth of the Epiphyseal plate of long bones, and the healing of bone healing....
 at the epiphyseal plate
Epiphyseal plate

The epiphyseal plate is a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone. The plate is found in children and adolescents; in adults, who have stopped growing, the plate is replaced by an epiphyseal line....
. Bone growth in length is stimulated by the production of growth hormone
Growth hormone

Growth hormone is a peptide hormone. It stimulates human development and cell reproduction in humans and other animals. It is a 191-amino acid, single chain polypeptide hormone which is synthesized, stored, and secreted by the somatotroph cells within the lateral wings of the anterior pituitary gland....
 (GH), a secretion of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Pituitary gland

The pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing 0.5 g . It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain, and rests in a small, bony cavity covered by a Dura mater fold ....
.

The long bones include the, femur
Femur

The femur, or thigh bone, is the most proximal bone of the leg in vertebrates capable of walking or jumping, such as most land mammals, birds, many reptiles such as lizards, and amphibians such as frogs....
s, tibia
Tibia

The tibia, shinbone, or shankbone is the larger and stronger of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates and connects the knee with the ankle bones....
s, and fibula
Fibula

The fibula or calf bone is a bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long bones....
s of the legs, the humeri
Humerus

The humerus is a long bone in the arm or forelimb that runs from the shoulder to the elbow.Anatomically, it connects the scapula and the ulna, and consists of the following three sections:...
, radii
Radius (bone)

The radius is the bone of the forearm that extends from the lateral side of the Elbow-joint to the thumb side of the wrist. The radius is situated on the lateral side of the ulna, which exceeds it in length and size....
, and ulna
Ulna

The ulna is a long bone, prism atic in form, placed at the Anatomical terms of location#Relative directions side of the forearm, parallel with the radius ....
s of the arms, metacarpals and metatarsals of the hands and feet, and the phalanges
Phalanx bones

The name Phalanx is commonly given to the bones that form fingers and toes. In primates such as humans and monkeys, the thumb and big toe have two phalanges, while the other fingers and toes consist of three....
 of the fingers and toes. The long bones of the human leg comprise nearly half of adult height. The other primary skeletal component of height is the spine
Vertebra

A vertebra is an individual bone in the flexible column that defines vertebrate animals. The vertebral column encases and protects the spinal cord, which runs from the base of the cranium down the dorsal side of the animal until reaching the pelvis....
 and skull
Skull

The skull is a bone structure found in the head of many animals. The skull supports the structures of the face and protects the head against injury....
.

The outside of the bone consists of a layer of connective tissue called the periosteum
Periosteum

Periosteum is a membrane that lines the outer surface of all bone, except at the joints of long bones. Endosteum lines the inner surface of all bones....
. Additionally, the outer shell of the long bone is compact bone, then a deeper layer of cancellous bone
Cancellous bone

Cancellous bone is a type of osseous tissue with a low density and strength but very high surface area, that fills the inner cavity of long bones....
 (spongy bone) which contains red bone marrow
Bone marrow

Bone marrow is the flexible biological tissue found in the hollow interior of bones. In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells....
. The interior part of the long bone is the medullary cavity
Medullary cavity

The medullary cavity is the central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow is stored . Located in the main shaft of a long bone , the medullary cavity has walls composed of spongy bone and is lined with a thin, vascular membrane ....
 with the inner core of the bone cavity being composed of (in adults) of yellow marrow. They are found more in women.