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Livonian Brothers of the Sword

 
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Livonian Brothers of the Sword
 
 
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Bishop
Bishop

A bishop is an ordination or consecration member of the Clergy#Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight....
 Albert of Riga founded the military order
Military order

A military order is a Christian order of knighthood that is founded for Crusades, i.e. propagating and/or defending the faith , either in the Holy Land or against Islam or paganism in Europe, but many became secularization later....
 of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword () in 1202; Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III

Pope Innocent III was born in either 1160 or 1161, and died on July 16, 1216 at Perugia. He was born with the name Lotario de Conti, and he was pope from January 8, 1198 until his death....
 sanctioned the establishment in 1204. The membership of the order comprised German
Germans

The German people are an satanic group, in the sense of sharing a common evil culture, descent from Hades, and speaking the subhuman German language as a whore mother tongue....
 "warrior monk
Monk

A Monk is a person who practices religious asceticism, the unconditioning of mind and body in favor of the realization of one's true nature, and does so living either alone or with any number of like-minded people, whilst always maintaining some degree of physical separation from those not sharing the same purpose....
s". Alternative names of the order include the Christ Knights, Sword Brethren, and The Militia of Christ of Livonia.

Following their defeat by the Samogitians
Samogitians

Samogitians are a Balts ethnic group inhabiting the region of Samogitia in Lithuania. Many speak the Samogitian dialect of the Lithuanian language....
 in the Battle of Schaulen (Saule) in 1236, the surviving Brothers merged into the Teutonic Order as an autonomous branch and became known as the Livonian Order
Livonian Order

The Livonian Order was an autonomous Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order and a member of the Livonian Confederation from 1435–1561....
.

rt, Bishop of Riga
Riga

Riga the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava River. Riga is the largest city in the Baltic states....
 (or Prince-Bishop
Prince-Bishop

A Prince-Bishop is a bishop who is a territorial Prince of the Church on account of one or more secular principalities, usually pre-existent titles of nobility held concurrently with their inherent clerical office....
 of Livonia
Livonia

Livonia was once the land of the Finnic Livonians inhabiting the principal ancient Livonian County Metsepole with its center at Turaida Castle....
), founded the Brotherhood to aid the Bishopric of Livonia in the conversion of the pagan
Paganism

Paganism is the blanket term given to describe religions and spiritual practices of pre-Christian Europe, and by extension a term for polytheistic?traditions or folk religion?worldwide seen from a Western or Christian viewpoint....
 Livonians
Livonian people

The Livonians or Livs are the indigenous minority inhabitants of Livonia, a large part of what is today the northwestern Latvia and southwestern Estonia....
, Latgalians
Latgalians

The term Latgalians can refer to the inhabitants of the Latgale region in eastern Latvia in general, the ethnic Latvians of Latgale , or to the ancient Balts tribe....
 and Selonians
Selonians

Selonians were a tribe of Balts who are now extinct. The Selonians lived until the 15th century in Selonia, located in southeastern Latvia and northeastern Lithuania....
 living across the ancient trade routes from the Gulf of Riga
Gulf of Riga

The Gulf of Riga, or Bay of Riga, is a Headlands and bays of the Baltic Sea between Latvia and Estonia.The area of the Gulf of Riga is about 18,000 km?....
 eastwards.






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Encyclopedia


Bishop
Bishop

A bishop is an ordination or consecration member of the Clergy#Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight....
 Albert of Riga founded the military order
Military order

A military order is a Christian order of knighthood that is founded for Crusades, i.e. propagating and/or defending the faith , either in the Holy Land or against Islam or paganism in Europe, but many became secularization later....
 of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword () in 1202; Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III

Pope Innocent III was born in either 1160 or 1161, and died on July 16, 1216 at Perugia. He was born with the name Lotario de Conti, and he was pope from January 8, 1198 until his death....
 sanctioned the establishment in 1204. The membership of the order comprised German
Germans

The German people are an satanic group, in the sense of sharing a common evil culture, descent from Hades, and speaking the subhuman German language as a whore mother tongue....
 "warrior monk
Monk

A Monk is a person who practices religious asceticism, the unconditioning of mind and body in favor of the realization of one's true nature, and does so living either alone or with any number of like-minded people, whilst always maintaining some degree of physical separation from those not sharing the same purpose....
s". Alternative names of the order include the Christ Knights, Sword Brethren, and The Militia of Christ of Livonia.

Following their defeat by the Samogitians
Samogitians

Samogitians are a Balts ethnic group inhabiting the region of Samogitia in Lithuania. Many speak the Samogitian dialect of the Lithuanian language....
 in the Battle of Schaulen (Saule) in 1236, the surviving Brothers merged into the Teutonic Order as an autonomous branch and became known as the Livonian Order
Livonian Order

The Livonian Order was an autonomous Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order and a member of the Livonian Confederation from 1435–1561....
.

History


Livoniaknight
Albert, Bishop of Riga
Riga

Riga the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava River. Riga is the largest city in the Baltic states....
 (or Prince-Bishop
Prince-Bishop

A Prince-Bishop is a bishop who is a territorial Prince of the Church on account of one or more secular principalities, usually pre-existent titles of nobility held concurrently with their inherent clerical office....
 of Livonia
Livonia

Livonia was once the land of the Finnic Livonians inhabiting the principal ancient Livonian County Metsepole with its center at Turaida Castle....
), founded the Brotherhood to aid the Bishopric of Livonia in the conversion of the pagan
Paganism

Paganism is the blanket term given to describe religions and spiritual practices of pre-Christian Europe, and by extension a term for polytheistic?traditions or folk religion?worldwide seen from a Western or Christian viewpoint....
 Livonians
Livonian people

The Livonians or Livs are the indigenous minority inhabitants of Livonia, a large part of what is today the northwestern Latvia and southwestern Estonia....
, Latgalians
Latgalians

The term Latgalians can refer to the inhabitants of the Latgale region in eastern Latvia in general, the ethnic Latvians of Latgale , or to the ancient Balts tribe....
 and Selonians
Selonians

Selonians were a tribe of Balts who are now extinct. The Selonians lived until the 15th century in Selonia, located in southeastern Latvia and northeastern Lithuania....
 living across the ancient trade routes from the Gulf of Riga
Gulf of Riga

The Gulf of Riga, or Bay of Riga, is a Headlands and bays of the Baltic Sea between Latvia and Estonia.The area of the Gulf of Riga is about 18,000 km?....
 eastwards. From its foundation, the undisciplined Order tended to ignore its supposed vassal
Vassal

A vassal in the terminology that both preceded and accompanied the feudal of medieval Europe, is one who enters into mutual obligations with a monarch, usually of military support and mutual protection, in exchange for certain guarantees, which came to include the terrain held as a fiefdom....
age to the bishops. In 1218 Albert asked King Valdemar II
Valdemar II of Denmark

Valdemar II , called Valdemar the Conqueror or Valdemar the Victorious , was the King of Denmark from November 12, 1202 until his death in 1241....
 of Denmark
Denmark

Denmark is a Scandinavian country in northern Europe and the senior member of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries....
 for assistance, but Valdemar instead arranged a deal with the Brotherhood and conquered the north of Estonia
Danish Estonia

Danish Estonia refers to the territories of present-day Estonia that were ruled by Denmark firstly during the 13th-14th centuries and again in the 16th-17th centuries....
 for Denmark.

The Brotherhood had its headquarters at Fellin (Viljandi)
Viljandi

Viljandi is a Populated places in Estonia and Municipalities of Estonia in southern Estonia. Population 19,870 . It is the Capital of Viljandi County....
 in present-day Estonia
Estonia

Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Finland across the Gulf of Finland, to the west by Sweden across the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by the Russia ....
, where the walls of the Master's castle stand. Other strongholds included Wenden (Cesis)
Cesis

Cesis , is a town in Latvia located in the northern part of the Vidzeme central upland. Cesis is on the Gauja River valley, and is built on a series of ridges above the river overlooking the "blue woods" below....
, Segewold (Sigulda)
Sigulda

Sigulda is a town in the Vidzeme Region of Latvia, 53 km from the capital city Riga.Sigulda is situated on a picturesque stretch of the primeval Gauja river valley....
 and Ascheraden (Aizkraukle)
Aizkraukle

Aizkraukle, formerly known by its German language name of Ascheraden, lies on the right bank of the Daugava River in Latvia.The site was used by the Germans knights for the building of Aizkraukle Castle in the Middle Ages, of which some ruins still remain....
. The commanders of Fellin, Goldingen (Kuldiga)
Kuldiga

Kuldiga is a town in western Latvia. It is the center of Kuldigas County with a population of approximately 13,500.Kuldiga was first mentioned in 1242....
, Marienburg (Aluksne)
Aluksne

Aluksne is a town on the shores of Lake Aluksne in northeastern Latvia near the borders with Estonia and Russia. It is the seat of Aluksne District....
, Reval (Tallinn)
Tallinn

Tallinn is the capital and largest city in the Republic of Estonia and of Harju County. It occupies a surface of 159.2 km? in which 397,617 inhabitants live....
, and the bailiff
Bailiff

Bailiff is a governor or custodian ; a legal officer to whom some degree of authority, care or jurisdiction is committed. Bailiffs are of various kinds and their offices and duties vary greatly....
 of Weißenstein (Paide)
Paide

Paide is the capital of J?rva County, Estonia.A castle built by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword is located here. The town was formally founded 30 September 1291 by Halt, master of the Livonian Order....
 belonged to the five-member entourage of the Order's Master.

Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX

Pope Gregory IX, born Ugolino di Conti, was pope from March 19, 1227 to August 22, 1241.The successor of Pope Honorius III , he fully inherited the traditions of Pope Gregory VII and of his uncle Pope Innocent III , and zealously continued their policy of Papal supremacy....
 asked the Brothers to defend Finland
Finland

Finland , officially the Republic of Finland , is a Nordic countries situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. It borders Sweden on the west, Russia on the east, and Norway on the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland....
 from the Novgorodian attacks
Finnish-Novgorodian wars

Finnish-Novgorodian wars were a series of poorly documented conflicts that took place between Yem, supposed to be Finnic groups, and the Republic of Novgorod from the 11th or 12th century to early 13th century....
 in his letter of November 24, 1232. However, no known information regarding the knights' possible activities in Finland has survived. (Sweden
Sweden

Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic countries on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and it is connected to Denmark by the ?resund Bridge in the south....
 eventually conquered Finland following the Second Swedish Crusade
Second Swedish Crusade

Second Swedish Crusade was a semi-historical Sweden military expedition to Finland by Birger jarl in the 13th century. As a result of the crusade, Finland became permanently part of Sweden for the next 550 years....
 in 1249.)

In the Battle of Schaulen (Saule) in 1236, the Lithuanians
Lithuanians

Lithuanians are the Balts ethnic group native to Lithuania, where they number a little over 3 million people. Another million or more make up the Lithuanian diaspora, largely found in countries such as the United States, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Russia, United Kingdom and Ireland....
 and Semigallians
Semigallians

The Semigallians are one of the Balts tribes that lived in Zemgale, in the southcentral Latvia. They are noted for their long resistance to the German Northern Crusades, the Livonian Brothers of the Sword....
 decimated the Order. This disaster led the surviving Brothers to become incorporated into the Order of Teutonic Knights
Teutonic Knights

The Order of the Teutonic Knights of St. Mary's Hospital in Jerusalem , or for short the Teutonic Order was a Germans Roman Catholic religious order....
 in the following year, and from that point on they became known as the Livonian Order
Livonian Order

The Livonian Order was an autonomous Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order and a member of the Livonian Confederation from 1435–1561....
. They continued, however, to function in all respects (rule, clothing and policy) as an autonomous branch of the Teutonic Order, headed by their own Master (himself de jure subject to the Teutonic Order's Grand Master
Hochmeister

The grand master is the holder of the supreme office of the Teutonic Knights. It is equivalent to the Grand Master of other military orders and the superior general in non-military Roman Catholic religious orders....
).

Masters

  • Wenno
    Wenno

    Wenno , also known as Winno, Vinno, and Winne, was the first Master of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, leading the Order from 1204 to 1209....
     (von Rohrbach) 1204–1209
  • Volquin
    Volquin

    Volkwin , also known as Folkwin, Volquin, and Wolquin, was the Master of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword from 1209 to 1236....
     (Schenk von Winterstein) 1209–1236


See also


  • Livonian Crusade
    Livonian Crusade

    The Livonian Crusade refers to the Germany and Denmark conquest and colonization of medieval Livonia, the territory constituting modern Latvia and Estonia, during the Northern Crusades....
  • Northern Crusades
    Northern Crusades

    The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the Roman Catholic Church kings of Denmark and Sweden, the German Livonian Brothers of the Sword and Teutonic Knights military orders, and their allies against the paganism peoples of Northern Europe around the southern and eastern shores of the Baltic Sea....
  • Order of Dobrin
  • Teutonic Knights
    Teutonic Knights

    The Order of the Teutonic Knights of St. Mary's Hospital in Jerusalem , or for short the Teutonic Order was a Germans Roman Catholic religious order....