Livno is a town in western
Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( or (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian Latin: Bosna i Hercegovina; Serbian Cyrillic: Босна и Херцеговина) is a country in Southeast Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula...
, in
Canton 10Canton 10 or County 10 is the tenth canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in the western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
of the
Federation of Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is one of the two political entities that compose the sovereign country of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
, located between
TomislavgradTomislavgrad, is a town in southwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is in the Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.- Name :...
,
GlamočGlamoč is a town and municipality of the same name in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is in Canton 10, in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.- 1971 :16.979 total* Bosnian Serbs – 13,870...
,
Bosansko GrahovoBosansko Grahovo is a town and municipality in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located near the border with Croatia, near the towns of Drvar, Livno and Glamoč...
and
KupresKupres can refer to:* Kupres, a town and municipality in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.* Kupres a municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
.
Position
Livno is 127 km from
MostarMostar is a city and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the biggest and the most important city in the Herzegovina region and the center of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation. Mostar is situated on the Neretva river and is the fifth-largest city in the country...
,212 km from Sarajevo,167 km from
Banja LukaBanja Luka or Banjaluka is the second largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the largest and most developed city in Republika Srpska which is one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Traditionally it has been the center of the Bosanska Krajina region located in the northwestern...
and 96km from
SplitSplit is the largest Dalmatian city, the second-largest urban centre in Croatia, and the seat of Split-Dalmatia County...
.
1971
Municipality of Livno - total: 42,118
- Croats - 31.657 (75.16)
- Muslims - 5.087 (12.07)
- Serbs - 4.791 (11.37)
- Yugoslavs - 434 (1.03)
- Others - 149 (0.37)
1991
Municipality of Livno - total: 40,600
- Croats
Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 5 million Croats living in the southern Central Europe region, along the east bank of the Adriatic Sea and an estimated 9 million throughout the world...
- 29,324 (72.22%)
- Muslims by nationality
Muslims by nationality was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of Slavic Muslims. They were one of the constitutive groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
- 5,793 (14.26%)
- Serbs
Serbs are a South Slavic people living in the Central Europe and the Balkans , between the Balkan- and Carpathian mountains in the east and the Adriatic sea in the west. They are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia...
- 3,913 (9.63%)
- Yugoslavs
Yugoslavs Yugoslavs Yugoslavs (Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Jugoslaveni/Jugosloveni/Jugoslovani,
[Latin script was used in Serbo-Croat, and Slovene languages. Identical spelling is used in the Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic script (Serbian variant)...]
- 1,125 (2.77%)
- others and unknown - 445 (1.09%)
Geography
The territory of the municipality is . Livno is both the cultural and industrial center of the canton. It is the biggest city in the canton and situated 730 meters above sea level. The Bistrica river flows through the city and is itself is long, which means that it is a very small river. Livno is also situated in the Livanjsko field which is the largest field in the entire country. The field is situated between the mountains
DinaraDinara is one of the more prominent mountains located on the border of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its Latin name is Adrian oros while the current name is suspected to be derived from the name of an ancient Illyrian tribe that lived on the eastern slopes of the mountain.It is best known for...
and
KamešnicaKamešnica is a mountain in the Dinarides at the border of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia . It is an extension of the Dinara that stretches from the northwest white road pass Vaganj to Buško Blato artificial lake...
in the south, Tušnica in the east, Cincar in the north and
ŠatorŠator is mountain in western regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The highest peak Veliki Šator is 1872 meters a.s.l. It is part of long Dinaric Alps chain. Dimensions of the mountain are some in west-east and in nort-south direction...
in the west. Livanjsko field is , making it almost half of the Livno municipality.
Climate
Livno has a stable continental climate with cold winters and hot summers. It is situated between big mountains like Cincar and Kamesnica which make the climate more continental than the climate in
MostarMostar is a city and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the biggest and the most important city in the Herzegovina region and the center of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation. Mostar is situated on the Neretva river and is the fifth-largest city in the country...
and
CapljinaČapljina is a town and municipality of the same name in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Čapljina is located on the border with Croatia a mere from the Adriatic Sea....
for example. The winters in that part of the country are not as cold as in Livno.
History
The plains of Livno have been populated since approximately 2000 BC, and well into the
RomanAncient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea, it became one of the largest empires in the ancient world....
era. Before the Roman conquest it has been inhabited by the indigenous Iron Age population known to the ancient writers as the Delmatae. It is assumed that the Slavs (
CroatiansCroats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 5 million Croats living in the southern Central Europe region, along the east bank of the Adriatic Sea and an estimated 9 million throughout the world...
) arrived to the region in the 7th century. The Illyrian population assimilated into the Slav culture, and eventurally lost their language and customs.Through the next three centuries, they accepted the Catholic faith.
Livno celebrates its founding as being September 28,
892-Europe:* Poppo of Thuringia, count of the march in Thuringia, is deposed by the German Carolingian king Arnulf of Carinthia.* Arnulf of Carinthia invades Great Moravia.-Asia:...
due to it being mentioned in a document of the Croatian Duke Mutimir released at that time. It was the centre of Hlebiana (ή Χλεβίανα)
župaŽupa, zhupa, żupa is a Slavic term, notably among the Southern and Western branches of the Slavs, originally denoting various territorial and other sub-units, usually a small administrative division, especially a gathering of several villages.-Early Middle Ages:Originally, since nomadic times,...
nija (province) of the
Kingdom of Croatia (Medieval)The Kingdom of Croatia or the Croat Kingdom was a medieval kingdom covering most of what is today Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Balkans.Established in 925, it ruled as a sovereign state for cca...
, as mentioned in the tenth century work
De Administrando ImperioDe Administrando Imperio is the commonly used Latin title of a scholarly work written in Greek, by the 10th-century Byzantine emperor Constantine VII...
(chapter 30). From 1326 until 1463 Livno was part of the Bosnian Kingdom. One of the noble families of the Bosnian Kingdom bought Livno, Duvno, and
KupresKupres can refer to:* Kupres, a town and municipality in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.* Kupres a municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
(12th to 13th century) then called "Tropolje," (Three Fields). The beginning of 14th century saw the
Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire or Ottoman State , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299 to November 1, 1922 The Ottoman Empire or Ottoman State (Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِیَّهِ عُثْمَانِیَّه Dawlet-il ʿAliyyat-il ʿOs̠māniyye, Modern Turkish:...
advance, invade, and occupy Bosnia for the next 400 years. In 1878 Livno was occupied by the Austro-Hungarian Empire by way of the Berlin Congress.
From 1918 it was part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. In 1929 the kingdom was renamed to
Kingdom of YugoslaviaThe Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a kingdom stretching from the Western Balkans to Central Europe which existed during the often-tumultuous interwar era of 1918–1941...
and divided into nine
banate-Geography:* Banate, Iloilo, a municipality in the Philippines.* An alternate name for a banovina, an internal division of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from 1929 to 1941.* Banat, a geographical and historical region of Southeastern Europe.-See also:...
s (
banovine). Livno was divided into the Primorje banate, with its centre in the city of
SplitSplit is the largest Dalmatian city, the second-largest urban centre in Croatia, and the seat of Split-Dalmatia County...
. This division brought Livno politically closer to Croatia. In 1939, the banates were further redrawn so that there was a Croatian banate (
Banovina Hrvatska) which Livno was also a part of. From 1941 to 1945 Livno was part of the Fascist made "
Independent State of CroatiaThe Independent State of Croatia was a World War II puppet state of Nazi Germany. The NDH was established on April 10, 1941 after the invasion of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers...
". Writer
Ivan Goran KovačićIvan Goran Kovačić was a prominent Croatian poet and writer of the 20th century. He was born in Lukovdol, a town in Gorski Kotar, a mountainous region of western Croatia, and his middle name Goran stems from that....
joined the antifascist movement "Partisans" where he wrote his epic poem
Jama (The Pit). He finished his poem in Livno.
At the end of
World War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including all great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, Livno was a part of Yugoslavia, and after its collapse, a part of
Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( or (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian Latin: Bosna i Hercegovina; Serbian Cyrillic: Босна и Херцеговина) is a country in Southeast Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula...
.
Current culture
In recent years there has been some debate over whether Livno is part of the historical region of Bosnia, or of
HerzegovinaHerzegovina is the southern region of Bosnia-Herzegovina, comprising 11,419 sq km or around 22% of the total area of the present-day country. In other sources it comprises 12,276 sq km, this constitutes 24% of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
. Whatever the case, the city is culturally on the crossroads between
DalmatiaDalmatia , is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea and is situated in modern Croatia. It spreads between the island of Rab in the northwest and the Bay of Kotor, in Montenegro, in the southeast...
, Bosnia, and Herzegovina. Recently, however, local courts have ruled that using Herzeg or Herzegovina to describe Canton 10 is unconstitutional and disallowed it on the grounds that no part of the Canton including Livno is a part of Herzegovina.
The city's main landmark is a monument to Croatian King
TomislavKing Tomislav , was a ruler of Croatia in the Middle Ages. He reigned from 910 until 928, first as Duke of Dalmatian Croatia in 910–925, and then became first King of the Croatian Kingdom in 925–928.He was probably the son of Muncimir, Duke of Dalmatian Croatia...
, who was crowned at the nearby fields of
DuvnoTomislavgrad, is a town in southwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is in the Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.- Name :...
.
Livno is also known for its
cheeseLivno cheese represents one of the best quality types of cheese in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The production of this cheese first started in the 19th century in the area of Livno, Bosnia and Herzegovina on the basis of French technology of making Gruyere cheese. The cheese is ready after an average...
, Livanjski Sir or Livno cheese, which was first made during the Austro-Hungarian occupation.
Famous residents
- Antonela Kelava
- Indira Delalić
- Bisera Alikadić
Bisera Alikadić is a contemporary Bosnian poetess known best for her work Larva and Krug. She mostly writes romance novels as well as the children books. She was one of the first Bosnian women to publish romance novels. Her books Grad Hrabrost and Knjiga Vremena express city of Sarajevo's...
- Zdravko Anić
- Branko Dokić
- Gabrijel Jurkić
Gabrijel Jurkić was a Herzegovinian Croat artist, born in Livno, now Bosnia and Herzegovina, and died at a franciscan monastery near there in 1974....
- fra Lovro Karaula
- fra Marijan Karaula
- Gordana Boban
- Hasan Brkić
- Ivo Džaja
- Ale Kamber
- Berislav Džaja
- Mato Radnić Baja
- Hasan Livnjak
- Hadži Jusuf Livnjak
- Narcis Jenko
- Stipo Manđeralo
- Borjana Krišto
Borjana Krišto is a Bosnian Croat politician, affiliated with the Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina. She is the incumbent president of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - one of two political entities to compose Bosnia and Herzegovina - since February 22, 2007...
- Pero Mioć
- Ivica Šiško
- Fra Anđeo Kaić
- Ivica Propadalo
- Muharem Borić
- Slavko Gotovac
- fra Mihovil Sučić
- Jovan Sundečić
Jovan Sundečić , was a Serbian poet from Livno, Bosnia and Herzegovina, priest of the Serbian Orthodox Church and a secretary of Prince Nikola I of Montenegro...
- Ivo Šeremet
- Fra Marko Gelo
- Ivica Vlašić
- Alibeg Firdus
- Vlado Marjanović
- Mladen II. Šubić
- Davor Šuker
Davor Šuker, is a former Croatian footballer. Best known for his goal scoring ability, he played as a striker for a number of European clubs as well as the Croatian national team, where he is the all-time top goal scorer with 45 goals.Šuker began his footballing career in his hometown, playing for...
- Ivan Šuker
Ivan Šuker is a Croatian politician and economist, currently serving as Minister of Finance since December 23, 2003, and member of the Croatian Democratic Union.He currently resides in Velika Gorica.-Education:...
- Branko Ivković
- Anto Đapić
- Tomislav Mavretić
- Josip Milkovic
External links
- Municipality of Livno website (B
Bosnian is a South Slavic language spoken primarily in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in the region of Sandžak in Serbia and Montenegro, although it is also spoken in various places throughout the world, as many speakers were forced to become refugees during the Bosnian war...
CCroatian is a South Slavic language which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina, by Croatian minorities in some neighbouring countries, in the Italian region of Molise, and parts of the Croatian diaspora....
SSerbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country located in both Central and Southeastern Europe. Its territory covers the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and central part of the Balkans...
)
- Livno Online
- Aero Club of Livno
- Tourism Association of Bosnia-Herzegovina site about Livno