Liu Dai
Encyclopedia
Liu Dai style name
Gongshan (公山), was an official of the late Eastern Han Dynasty
period of Chinese history
. His ancestral home was in Mouping County (牟平縣), Donglai Commandery (東萊郡; northwest of present-day Fushan District
, Yantai
, Shandong
).
In the spring of 190, Liu Dai joined the coalition
of warlords led by Yuan Shao
to oppose Dong Zhuo
, the self-appointed chancellor who usurped state power. Later Liu Dai had disagreements with Qiao Mao
, Administrator of Dong Commandery, and he killed Qiao, replacing him with Wang Gong (王肱).
Liu Dai then arranged for marriages between his family and the clans of Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan
. Yuan Shao allowed his family members to stay with Liu Dai, while Gongsun Zan sent his follower Fan Fang (范方) to lead troops to support Liu Dai. When Yuan Shao later developed a rivalry with Gongsun Zan, the latter broke off relations with Liu Dai as well. Gongsun Zan said to Fan Fang, "If Liu Dai does not drive away Yuan Shao's family members, you will lead your men back to our territory. I'll attack Liu Dai after I've eliminated Yuan Shao." Liu Dai was at a loss over how to handle the crisis when his advisor Wang Yu (王彧) told him to consult Cheng Yu
, and Liu Dai heeded his suggestion. Cheng Yu urged Liu Dai to stand on Yuan Shao's side and Liu followed the advice. Gongsun Zan was defeated and conquered by Yuan Shao eventually.
In 192, thousands of former Yellow Turban rebels
from Qing Province swarmed into Yan Province and gathered in Dongping County (東平縣). Liu Dai wanted to attack the rebels but Bao Xin
advised him against it. Liu Dai ignored Bao Xin and proceeded to attack the Yellow Turbans, and was defeated and killed in battle.
's historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms
, when Yan Province was conquered by the warlord Cao Cao
, Liu Dai had no choice but to surrender. After losing his domain, he attacked Liu Bei
, but was defeated and robbed of his position. Liu Dai followed his advisor Bao Xin
's suggestion to join Cao Cao and had since been engaged in suppressing the Yellow Turban remnant forces. As his achievements increased, Liu Dai became more overconfident and he refused to listen to Bao Xin
, which resulted in their deaths.
Chinese style name
A Chinese style name, sometimes also known as a courtesy name , is a given name to be used later in life. After 20 years of age, the zì is assigned in place of one's given name as a symbol of adulthood and respect...
Gongshan (公山), was an official of the late Eastern Han Dynasty
Han Dynasty
The Han Dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Qin Dynasty and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms . It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han. It was briefly interrupted by the Xin Dynasty of the former regent Wang Mang...
period of Chinese history
History of China
Chinese civilization originated in various regional centers along both the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valleys in the Neolithic era, but the Yellow River is said to be the Cradle of Chinese Civilization. With thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the world's oldest...
. His ancestral home was in Mouping County (牟平縣), Donglai Commandery (東萊郡; northwest of present-day Fushan District
Fushan District
Fushan is a district of Yantai in the Chinese province of Shandong, near the shore of the Yellow Sea.To the East is Zhifu District and Laishan District, to the southeast Muping District, to the southwest Qixia City, to the northwest Penglai City, and to the north, the Yantai Economic and...
, Yantai
Yantai
Yantai is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Shandong province, People's Republic of China. Located on the southern coast of the Bohai Sea and the eastern coast of the Laizhou Bay, Yantai borders the cities of Qingdao and Weihai to the southwest and east respectively.The largest fishing...
, Shandong
Shandong
' is a Province located on the eastern coast of the People's Republic of China. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history from the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River and served as a pivotal cultural and religious site for Taoism, Chinese...
).
Biography
Liu Dai served as Palace Attendant (侍中) and Inspector of Yan Province (兗州刺史).In the spring of 190, Liu Dai joined the coalition
Campaign against Dong Zhuo
The Campaign against Dong Zhuo was a punitive expedition initiated by a coalition of regional officials and warlords against Dong Zhuo, Chancellor of State, in 190 during the late Han Dynasty of Chinese history...
of warlords led by Yuan Shao
Yuan Shao
Yuan Shao was a warlord during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He occupied the northern territories of China during the civil war that occurred towards the end of the Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era...
to oppose Dong Zhuo
Dong Zhuo
Dong Zhuo was a politician and warlord during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He seized control of the capital city Luoyang in 189 when it was in a state of turmoil following the death of Emperor Ling and a clash between the eunuch faction and some court officials led by...
, the self-appointed chancellor who usurped state power. Later Liu Dai had disagreements with Qiao Mao
Qiao Mao
Qiao Mao was the governor of Dong Commandery during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He was the nephew of Qiao Xuan and cousin of the Two Qiaos. Qiao joined the coalition force in the campaign against Dong Zhuo...
, Administrator of Dong Commandery, and he killed Qiao, replacing him with Wang Gong (王肱).
Liu Dai then arranged for marriages between his family and the clans of Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan
Gongsun Zan
Gongsun Zan , style name Bogui , a native of Liaoxi , was a warlord during the late Han Dynasty era of Chinese history.-Biography:...
. Yuan Shao allowed his family members to stay with Liu Dai, while Gongsun Zan sent his follower Fan Fang (范方) to lead troops to support Liu Dai. When Yuan Shao later developed a rivalry with Gongsun Zan, the latter broke off relations with Liu Dai as well. Gongsun Zan said to Fan Fang, "If Liu Dai does not drive away Yuan Shao's family members, you will lead your men back to our territory. I'll attack Liu Dai after I've eliminated Yuan Shao." Liu Dai was at a loss over how to handle the crisis when his advisor Wang Yu (王彧) told him to consult Cheng Yu
Cheng Yu
Cheng Yu , originally named Cheng Li and changed his name to Yu after dreaming of the sun on top of Mount Tai, was one of the major advisors to the Han Dynasty warlord Cao Cao, and became a high-ranking official of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms era of China...
, and Liu Dai heeded his suggestion. Cheng Yu urged Liu Dai to stand on Yuan Shao's side and Liu followed the advice. Gongsun Zan was defeated and conquered by Yuan Shao eventually.
In 192, thousands of former Yellow Turban rebels
Yellow Turban Rebellion
The Yellow Turban Rebellion, also translated as Yellow Scarves Rebellion, was a peasant revolt that broke out in 184 AD in China during the reign of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty...
from Qing Province swarmed into Yan Province and gathered in Dongping County (東平縣). Liu Dai wanted to attack the rebels but Bao Xin
Bao Xin
Bao Xin was a military general who lived during the late Han Dynasty of China. Initially, he participated in the imperial campaign against the Yellow Turbans along with other regional warlords. After the rise of Dong Zhuo, who usurped the power of the Imperial Court, Bao joined the campaign...
advised him against it. Liu Dai ignored Bao Xin and proceeded to attack the Yellow Turbans, and was defeated and killed in battle.
In fiction
In Luo GuanzhongLuo Guanzhong
Luo Ben , better known by his style name Luo Guanzhong , was a Chinese writer of the early Ming Dynasty period of Chinese history. He was also known as Huhai Sanren...
's historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Romance of the Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based on the events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history, starting in 169 and ending with the reunification of the land in...
, when Yan Province was conquered by the warlord Cao Cao
Cao Cao
Cao Cao was a warlord and the penultimate chancellor of the Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during the dynasty's final years. As one of the central figures of the Three Kingdoms period, he laid the foundations for what was to become the state of Cao Wei and was posthumously titled...
, Liu Dai had no choice but to surrender. After losing his domain, he attacked Liu Bei
Liu Bei
Liu Bei , also known as Liu Xuande, was a warlord, military general and later the founding emperor of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history...
, but was defeated and robbed of his position. Liu Dai followed his advisor Bao Xin
Bao Xin
Bao Xin was a military general who lived during the late Han Dynasty of China. Initially, he participated in the imperial campaign against the Yellow Turbans along with other regional warlords. After the rise of Dong Zhuo, who usurped the power of the Imperial Court, Bao joined the campaign...
's suggestion to join Cao Cao and had since been engaged in suppressing the Yellow Turban remnant forces. As his achievements increased, Liu Dai became more overconfident and he refused to listen to Bao Xin
Bao Xin
Bao Xin was a military general who lived during the late Han Dynasty of China. Initially, he participated in the imperial campaign against the Yellow Turbans along with other regional warlords. After the rise of Dong Zhuo, who usurped the power of the Imperial Court, Bao joined the campaign...
, which resulted in their deaths.
Family
- Ancestor: Liu Jianglü (劉將閭), Prince Xiao of Qi (齊孝王), lived during the Western Han Dynasty
- Father: Liu Yu (劉輿), also known as Liu Fang (劉方)
- Uncles:
- Liu Chong (劉寵), served as Grand Marshal (太尉) in the Han imperial court
- Liu Wei (劉韙)
- Younger brother: Liu YaoLiu Yao (warlord)Liu Yao , style name Zhengli, was a warlord in the Jiangdong region during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He ruled for a brief period of time before Sun Ce invaded and conquered his territories.-Biography:...
- Nephew: Liu Ji (劉基), served as Minister of the Household (光祿勳) and Imperial Secretary (錄尚書事) in Eastern WuEastern WuEastern Wu, also known as Sun Wu, was one the three states competing for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period after the fall of the Han Dynasty. It was based in the Jiangnan region of China...