A wave is a disturbance that propagates through space and time, usually with transference of energy. While a mechanical wave exists in a medium , waves of electromagnetic radiation can travel through vacuum, that is, without a medium.... topics.
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A wave is a disturbance that propagates through space and time, usually with transference of energy. While a mechanical wave exists in a medium , waves of electromagnetic radiation can travel through vacuum, that is, without a medium.... topics.
In optics, an Abbe prism, named for its inventor, the German physicist Ernst Abbe, is a type of constant deviation dispersion prism similar to a Pellin-Broca prism....
Acoustics is the interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of sound, ultrasound and infrasound . A scientist who works in the field of acoustics is an acoustician....
In optics, the Airy disk and Airy pattern are descriptions of the best focused spot of light that a perfect lens with a circular aperture can make, limited by the diffraction of light....
In fluid dynamics, Airy wave theory gives a linear system description of the wave propagation of ocean surface wave on the surface of a homogeneous fluid layer....
Alpha Waves is an early 3D computer graphics game that combines labyrinthine exploration with platform game. By most definitions of the genre it could be considered to be the first 3D platform game, released in 1990, 6 years before the genre's seminal classic Super Mario 64....
An amphidromic point is a point within a tidal system where the tidal range is almost zero.Amphidromic points occur because of the coriolis effect and interference within oceanic basins, seas and Headlands and bayss creating a wave pattern ? called an amphidromic system ? which rotates around the amphidromic point....
Amplitude is the magnitude of change in the oscillating variable, with each oscillation, within an oscillating system. For instance, sound waves are oscillations in atmospheric pressure and their amplitudes are proportional to the change in pressure during one oscillation....
Analog sound versus digital sound compares the two ways in which sound is audio recording and stored. Actual sound waves consist of continuous variations in air pressure....
Artificial waves are man-made Ocean surface waves usually created on a specially designed surface or in a Swimming pool.Artificial waves are created in one or two ways....
d>Atmospheric diffraction is manifested in the following principal ways:* Fourier optics is the bending of light rays in the atmosphere, which results in remarkable visual displays of astronomy objects, such as depictions on this page....
An atmospheric wave is a periodic disturbance in the fields of atmospheric variables which may either propagate or not . Atmospheric waves range in spatial and temporal scale from large-scale planetary waves to minute sound waves....
An atmospheric waveguide is an Earth's atmosphere flow feature that improves the propagation of certain atmospheric waves.The effect arises because wave parameters such as group velocity or vertical wavenumber depend on mean flow direction and strength....
The wave , is achieved in a packed stadium when successive groups of spectators briefly stand and raise their arms. Each spectator is required to rise at the same time as those straight in front and behind, and slightly after the person immediately to either the right or the left ....
In physics, Babinet's principle is a theorem concerning diffraction that states that the diffraction pattern from an opaque body is identical to that from a hole of the same size and shape except for the overall forward beam intensity....
A bandwidth-limited pulse is a pulse of a wave that has the minimum possible duration for a given power spectrum Bandwidth . Optics pulses of this type can be generated by modelocking lasers....
In acoustics, a beat is an interference between two sounds of slightly different frequency, perceived as periodic variations in volume whose rate is the difference between the two frequencies....
Bragg diffraction was first proposed by William Lawrence Bragg and William Henry Bragg in 1913 in response to their discovery that crystalline solids produced surprising patterns of reflected X-rays ....
In physics, Bragg's law is the result of experiments into the diffraction of X-rays or neutron diffraction off crystal surfaces at certain angles, derived by physicist William Lawrence Bragg in 1912 and first presented on 1912-11-11 to the Cambridge Philosophical Society....
In physics, a breaking wave is a wave whose amplitude reaches a critical level at which some process can suddenly start to occur that causes large amounts of wave energy to be dissipated....
Brillouin scattering, named for L?on Brillouin, occurs when light in a medium interacts with time dependent density variations and changes its energy and path....
A bullet bow shockwave is a physical and audible wave created in the air when a bullet travels at supersonic speeds; meaning faster than the speed of sound....
The term business cycle or economic cycle refers to economy-wide fluctuations in production or economic activity over several months or years, around a long-term growth trend....
Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni was a Germany physics and music.Chladni was born in Wittenberg. His important works include research on oscillation plates and the calculation of the speed of sound for different gases....
A chirp is a signal in which the frequency increases or decreases with time. It is commonly used in sonar and radar, but has other applications, such as in spread spectrum communications....
In electrodynamics, circular polarization of electromagnetic radiation is a polarization such that the tip of the electric field vector, at a fixed point in space, describes a circle as time progresses....
In hydrodynamics, the clapotis is a non-breaking standing wave pattern, caused for example, by the reflection of a traveling surface wave train from a near vertical shoreline like a Breakwater , seawall or steep cliff....
In physics, coherence is a property of waves, that enables stationary interference. More generally, coherence describes all correlation properties between physical quantities of a wave....
In physics, coherence length is the wave propagation distance from a coherence source to a point where an electromagnetic wave maintains a specified degree of coherence....
For an electromagnetic wave, the coherence time is the time over which a propagating wave may be considered coherence . In other words, it is the time interval within which its phase is, on average, predictable....
Collimated light is light whose ray are nearly parallel, and therefore will spread slowly as it propagates. The word is derived from "collinear" and implies light that does not disperse with distance , or that will disperse minimally ....
Continuous phase modulation is a method for frequency modulation of data commonly used in wireless modems. In contrast to other coherent digital phase modulation techniques where the carrier wave phase...
A continuous wave or continuous waveform is an electromagnetic wave of constant amplitude and frequency; and in mathematical analysis, of infinite duration....
Cymatics is the study of wave phenomena. It is typically associated with the physical patterns produced through the interaction of sound waves in a medium....
In physics, the matter wave, aka de Broglie wave , is the wave-like nature of all matter . The de Broglie relations show that the wavelength is inversely proportional to the momentum of a particle and that the frequency is directly proportional to the particle's kinetic energy....
A delta wave is a high amplitude brain wave with a frequency of 1?4 Hertz which can be recorded with an Electroencephalography and is usually associated with slow-wave sleep....
Diffraction is normally taken to refer to various phenomena which occur when a wave encounters an obstacle. It is described as the apparent bending of waves around small obstacles and the spreading out of waves past small openings....
Direction finding refers to the establishment of the direction from which a received signal was transmitted. This can refer to radio or other forms of wireless communication....
In optics, dispersion is the phenomenon in which the phase velocity of a wave depends on its frequency.Media having such a property are termed dispersive media....
In fluid dynamics, dispersion of ocean surface wave generally refers to frequency dispersion. Frequency dispersion means that waves of different wavelengths travel at different phase speeds....
Dispersion relations describe the ways that wave propagation varies with the wavelength or frequency of a wave . This variation has long explained how white light is dispersed into different colors, thus making rainbows possible....
In color, the dominant wavelength and complementary wavelength are ways of describing non-spectral light mixtures in terms of the Color#Spectral versus non-spectral colors light that evokes an identical perception of hue....
The Doppler effect , named after Austrian physicist Christian Doppler who proposed it in 1842, is the change in frequency and wavelength of a wave for an observer moving relative to the source of the waves....
A doppler radar is a radar using the doppler effect of the returned echoes from targets to measure their radial velocity. To be more specific the microwave signal sent by the radar antenna's directional beam is reflected toward the radar and compared in frequency, up or down from the original signal, allowing for the direct and highly accur...
The Draupner wave or New Year's wave is the name of the first rogue wave to be detected by a measuring instrument, occurring at the Draupner oil platform in the North Sea off the coast of Norway on January 1, 1995....
In audio signal processing and acoustics, an echo is a Reflection of sound, arriving at the listener some time after the direct sound. Typical examples are the echo produced by the bottom of a well, by a building, or by the walls of an enclosed room....
Echolocation may refer to:* Acoustic location, the general use of sound to locate objects* Animal echolocation, non-human animals emitting sound waves and listening to the echo in order to locate objects or navigate...
Echo sounding is the technique of using sound pulses directed from the surface or from a submarine vertically down to measure the distance to the bottom by means of sound waves....
In electrodynamics, elliptical polarization is the polarization of electromagnetic radiation such that the tip of the electric field vector describes an ellipse in any fixed plane intersecting, and Surface normal to, the direction of propagation....
In signal processing, the essential bandwidth is the portion of a signal spectrum in the frequency domain which contains most of the energy of the signal....
An evanescent wave is a Near and far field wave exhibiting exponential decay with distance. Evanescent waves are always associated with matter, and are most intense within one-third wavelength from any acoustical, optical, or electromagnetic transducer....
Extremely low frequency is the band of radio frequencies from 3 to 30 Hertz, at one time used by the United States and Soviet Navy/Russian Navy to Communication with submarines....
In neuroscience, an F wave is the second of two voltage changes observed after electrical stimulation is applied to the skin surface above the distal region of a nerve....
Faraday waves, also known as Faraday ripples, are nonlinearity standing waves that appear on liquids enclosed by a vibrating receptacle. They are named after Michael Faraday, who first described them in an appendix to an article in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London in 1831....
In optics, Fraunhofer diffraction, or far-field diffraction, is a form of wave diffraction that occurs when field waves are passed through an aperture or slit causing only the size of an observed aperture image to changedue to the far-field location of observation and the increasingly planar nature of outgoing diffracted waves passing t...
Rogue waves are relatively large and spontaneous ocean surface waves that are a threat even to large ships and ocean liners. In oceanography, they are more precisely defined as waves whose wave height is more than twice the significant wave height , which is itself defined as the mean of the largest third of waves in a wave record....
Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as temporal frequency.The period is the duration of one cycle in a repeating event, so the period is the reciprocal of the frequency....
In telecommunications, frequency modulation conveys information over a carrier wave by varying its frequency . In analog signal applications, the instantaneous frequency of the carrier is directly proportional to the instantaneous value of the input signal....
In optics, a Gaussian beam is a beam of electromagnetic radiation whose transverse electric field and intensity distributions are described by Gaussian functions....
As a mathematical study, geometrical optics emerges as a short-wavelength limit for solutions to hyperbolic partial differential equations. For a less mathematical introduction, please see optics....
In fluid dynamics, gravity waves are waves generated in a fluid medium or at the Interface between two media which has the restoring force of gravity or buoyancy....
Group delay is a measure of the transit time of a signal through a device under test , versus frequency. Group delay is a useful measure of phase distortion, and is calculated by differentiating the insertion phase response of the DUT versus frequency....
The group velocity of a wave is the velocity with which the overall shape of the wave's amplitudes propagate through space. For example, imagine what happens if a stone is thrown into the middle of a very still pond....
In acoustics and telecommunication, a harmonic of a wave is a component frequency of the Signalling that is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency....
A hologram is a picture that changes when looked at from different angles.Holography is a technique that allows the light scattered from an object to be recorded and later reconstructed so that it appears as if the object is in the same position relative to the recording medium as it was when recorded....
Human echolocation is the ability of humans to sense objects in their environment by hearing echoes from those objects. This ability is used by some blindness people to navigate within their environment....
A hundred-year wave is a statistics projected Ocean surface wave, the height of which, on average, is met or exceeded once in a hundred years for a given location....
A hydraulic jump is a phenomenon in the science of hydraulics which is frequently observed in open channel flow such as rivers and spillways. When liquid at high velocity discharges into a zone of lower velocity, a rather abrupt rise occurs in the liquid surface....
Inertial waves, also known as inertial oscillations, are a type of mechanical wave possible in rotating fluids. Unlike wind waves commonly seen at the beach or in the bathtub, inertial waves travel through the bulk of the fluid, not at the surface....
Interferometry is the technique of diagnosing the properties of two or more waves by studying the pattern of interference created by their Superposition principle....
Internal waves are gravity waves that oscillation within, rather than on the surface of, a fluid medium. They arise from perturbations to Hydrostatic_balance, where balance is maintained between the force of gravity and the buoyancy restoring force....
In mathematics, the inverse scattering transform is a method for solving some non-linear partial differential equations. It is one of the most important developments in mathematical physics in the past 40 years....
A Kelvin Wave is a wave in the ocean or atmosphere that balances the Earth's Coriolis force against a topographic boundary such as a coastline. A feature of a Kelvin wave is that it is Dispersion , i.e., the phase speed of the wave crests is equal to the group speed of the wave energy for all frequencies....
In electromagnetic wave wave propagation, the knife-edge effect or edge diffraction is a redirection by diffraction of a portion of the incident radiation that strikes a well-defined obstacle such as a mountain range or the edge of a building....
Lamb waves propagate in solid plates. They are elastic waves whose particle motion lies in the plane defined by the plate normal and the direction of wave propagation....
In physics, Landau damping, named after its discoverer, the eminent Soviet physicist Lev Davidovich Landau, is the effect of damping of plasma oscillation in Plasma or a similar environment....
Linear elasticity is the mathematical study of how solid objects deform and become internally stressed due to prescribed loading conditions. Linear elasticity relies upon the Continuum mechanics hypothesis and is applicable at macroscopic length scales....
In electrodynamics, linear polarization or plane polarization of electromagnetic radiation is a confinement of the electric field vector or magnetic field vector to a given plane along the direction of propagation....
A longitudinal mode of a resonant cavity is a particular standing wave pattern formed by waves confined in the cavity. The longitudinal modes correspond to the wavelengths of the wave which are reinforced by constructive interference after many reflections from the cavity's reflecting surfaces....
Longitudinal waves are waves that have vibrations along or parallel to their direction of travel; that is, waves in which the motion of the medium is in the same direction as the motion of the wave....
The longwave radio band is a range of frequencies used for AM broadcasting, which extends from 148.5 to 283.5 kHz. It falls within the low frequency part of the radio spectrum ....
In elastodynamics, Love waves are essentially horizontally polarized shear waves guided by an elastic layer, which is "welded" to an elastic half space on one side while bordering a vacuum on the other side....
In fluid dynamics, a Mach wave is a pressure wave traveling with the speed of sound caused by a slight change of pressure added to a compressible flow....
The Mach-Zehnder interferometer is a device used to determine the Phase caused by a small sample which is placed in the path of one of two collimated beams from a Coherence light source....
Medium Wave is a part of the Medium frequency radio band used mainly for AM broadcasting. Some experiments and trials are planned or under way for a digital modulation such as Digital Radio Mondiale ....
Megatsunami is an informal term to indicate a tsunami that has initial wave heights that are much larger than normal tsunami. Unlike usual tsunamis, which originate from tectonic plate and the raising or lowering of the sea floor, known megatsunamis have originated from large scale impact events such as landslides and meteor impacts....
The microwave auditory effect, also known as the microwave hearing effect or the Frey effect, consists of audible clicks induced by pulsed/modulated microwave frequencies....
A microwave oven, or a microwave, is a kitchen appliance that cookings or heats food by dielectric heating. This is accomplished by using microwave radiation to heat water and other dipole within the food....
Microwaves, being high frequency electromagnetic radiation in the GHz range, are capable of exciting electrodeless gas discharges.Microwave-excited Plasma s have two appealing properties:...
Millimeter-wave cloud radar is a radar system designed to monitor cloud structure with wavelengths about ten times shorter than those used in conventional storm surveillance radars such as NEXRAD....
In telecommunications, modulation is the process of varying a Periodic function waveform, i.e. a tone, in order to use that signal to convey a message, in a similar fashion as a musician may modulate the tone from a musical instrument by varying its volume, timing and Pitch ....
A monochromator is an optics device that transmits a mechanically selectable narrow band of wavelengths of light or other radiation chosen from a wider range of wavelengths available at the input....
In theoretical physics, the nonlinear Schr?dinger equation is a nonlinear version of Schr?dinger equation. It is a classical field equation with applications to optics and water waves....
A normal mode of an oscillation is a pattern of motion in which all parts of the system move sinusoidally with the same frequency. The frequencies of the normal modes of a system are known as its natural frequencies or resonant frequencies....
In fluid dynamics wind waves, or more precisely wind generated waves, are surface waves that occur on the free surface of oceans, seas, lakes, rivers and canals ? or even on small puddles and ponds....
In physics, an oscillon is a soliton-like phenomenon that results from vibrating a plate with a large number of small uniform particles placed freely on top....
An overtone is a natural resonance of a system. Systems described by overtones are often sound systems, for example, blown pipes or plucked strings....
The phase of an oscillation or wave is the fraction of a complete cycle corresponding to an offset in the displacement from a specified reference point at time t = 0....
A phase inversion is the introduction of a phase difference of 180? into a waveform. As such, it is more properly called a polarity inversion, as phase can differ relative to frequency but polarity is absolute....
Phase modulation is a form of modulation that represents information as variations in the instantaneous phase of a carrier wave.Unlike its more popular counterpart, frequency modulation , PM is not very widely used....
The phase velocity of a wave is the rate at which the phase of the wave propagates in space. This is the speed at which the phase of any one frequency component of the wave travels....
In physics, a phonon is a quantum mode of vibration occurring in a rigid crystal structure, such as the atomic lattice of a solid. The study of phonons is an important part of solid state physics, because phonons play a major role in many of the physical properties of solids, including a material's thermal conductivity and electrical conduc...
In the physics of wave propagation, a plane wave is a constant-frequency wave whose wavefronts are infinite parallel planes of constant amplitude normal to the phase velocity vector....
Polarization is a property of waves that describes the orientation of their oscillations. For transverse waves such as many electromagnetic waves, it describes the orientation of the oscillations in the plane perpendicular to the wave's direction of travel....
Pulse-density modulation, or PDM, is a form of modulation used to represent an analog signal in the digital domain. In a PDM signal, specific amplitude values are not encoded into pulses as they would be in Pulse-code modulation....
In medicine, specifically cardiology, the QT interval is a measure of the time between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave in the heart's Electrical conduction system of the heart....
Quadrature, derived from Latin quadrare, may refer to:In signal processing:*Quadrature amplitude modulation , a modulation method of using both a carrier wave and a 'quadrature' carrier wave that is 90? out of phase with the main carrier...
Quadrature amplitude modulation is a modulation scheme which conveys data by changing the amplitude of two carrier waves. These two waves, usually sinusoids, are out of phase with each other by 90degree and are thus called Quadrature phase carriers?hence the name of the scheme....
Quantum optics is a field of research in physics, dealing with the application of quantum mechanics to phenomena involving light and its interactions with matter....
Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic radiation waves to identify the range, altitude, direction, or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as aircraft, ships, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain....
Radar astronomy is a technique of observing nearby astronomical objects by reflecting microwaves off target objects and analyzing the echoes. This research has been conducted for four decades....
Radar cross section is a measure of how detectable an object is with a radar. When radar waves are beamed at a target, only a certain amount is reflected back....
A radar gun or speed gun is a small Doppler radar used to detect the speed of objects. A radar gun does not return information regarding the object's position or any information concerning the car e.g....
Radio propagation is a term used to explain how radio waves behave when they are transmitted, or are wave propagation from one point on the Earth to another....
Rayleigh scattering is the elastic scattering of light or other electromagnetism radiation by particles much smaller than the wavelength of the light....
Rayleigh waves are a type of elastic surface wave that travel on solids. They are produced on the Earth by earthquakes, in which case they are also known as "ground roll", or by other sources of seismic energy such as an explosion or even a sledgehammer impact....
In physics, the Rayleigh?Jeans Law, first proposed in the early 20th century, attempts to describe the spectral radiance of electromagnetic radiation at all wavelengths from a black body at a given temperature through classical arguments....
In physics and astronomy, redshift occurs when electromagnetic radiation?usually visible light?emitted or reflected by an object is shifted towards the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum due to the Doppler effect....
Reflection seismology is a method of exploration geophysics that uses the principles of seismology to estimate the properties of the Earth's subsurface from reflection seismic waves....
Refraction is the change in direction of a wave due to a change in its speed. This is most commonly observed when a wave passes from one optical medium to another....
The relativistic Doppler effect is the change in frequency of light, caused by the relative motion of the source and the observer , when taking into account effects of the special relativity....
In physics, resonance is the tendency of a system to oscillate at maximum amplitude at certain Frequency, known as the system's resonance frequencies ....
Ring modulation is a signal-processing effect in electronics, related to amplitude modulation or frequency mixer, performed by multiplying two signals, where one is typically a sine-wave or another simple waveform....
In physics and engineering, a ripple tank is a shallow glass tank of water used in schools and colleges to demonstrate the basic properties of waves....
Rossbywaves are giant meanders in high-altitude winds that are a major influence on weather. Their emergence is due to shear in rotating fluids, so that the Coriolis force changes along the sheared coordinate....
A type of seismic wave, the S-wave, secondary wave, or shear wave is one of the two main types of elastic body wave s, so named because they move through the body of an object, unlike surface waves....
The sawtooth wave is a kind of non-sinusoidal waveform. It is named a sawtooth based on its resemblance to the teeth on the blade of a saw.The convention is that a sawtooth wave ramps upward and then sharply drops....
A sea state includes the significant wave height, period, and character of Ocean surface wave on the surface of a large body of water. The large number of variables involved in creating the sea state cannot be quickly and easily summarised, so simpler scales are used to give an approximate but concise description of conditions for reporting...
A seiche is a standing wave in an enclosed or partially enclosed body of water. Seiches and seiche-related phenomena have been observed on lakes, Reservoir s, swimming pools, bays and seas....
Seismic waves are waves that travel through the Earth or other elastic body, for example as the result of an earthquake, explosion, or some other process that imparts forces to the body....
Seismology is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of Linear elasticity#Elastic waves through the Earth. The field also includes studies of earthquake effects, such as tsunamis as well as diverse seismic sources such as volcanic, tectonic, oceanic, atmospheric, and artificial processes ....
The Sellmeier equation is an empirical relationship between refractive index and wavelength for a particular transparency optical medium. The equation is used to determine the dispersion of light in the medium....
A shock wave is a type of propagating disturbance. Like an ordinary wave, it carries energy and can propagate through a medium or in some cases in the absence of a material medium, through a field such as the electromagnetic field....
Shortwave radio operates in the frequency range of 3,000 kHz to 30,000 kHz . In radio, short wavelength corresponds to high frequency given the inverse relationship between frequency and wavelength, thus, ?shortwave radio? is denominated so, because its wavelengths are shorter than the long wave-lengths used in early radio communications; m...
The sine wave or sinusoid is a function that occurs often in mathematics, physics, signal processing, hearing , electrical engineering, and many other fields....
Single-sideband modulation is a refinement of amplitude modulation that more efficiently uses electric power and bandwidth . It is closely related to vestigial sideband modulation ....
Skywave is the Radio propagation of radio waves bent back to the Earth's surface by the ionosphere. As a result of skywave propagation, a Broadcasting signal from a distant AM broadcasting station at night, or from a shortwave radio station can sometimes be heard as clearly as local stations....
In mathematics and physics, a solitary wave can refer to* The wave of translation, a solitary water wave observed by John Scott Russell in a barge canal in 1834....
In mathematics and physics, a soliton is a self-reinforcing solitary wave that maintains its shape while it travels at constant speed. Solitons are caused by a cancellation of nonlinearity and dispersive effects in the medium....
Sonar is a technique that uses sound propagation to navigation, communicate with or detect other vessels. There are two kinds of sonar: active and passive....
Sound is a vibration that travels through an elasticity medium as a wave. The speed of sound describes how much distance such a wave travels in a certain amount of time....
A square wave is a kind of non-sinusoidal waveform, most typically encountered in electronics and signal processing. An ideal square wave alternates regularly and instantaneously between two levels....
A standing wave, also known as a stationary wave, is a wave that remains in a constant position. This phenomenon can occur because the medium is moving in the opposite direction to the wave, or it can arise in a stationary medium as a result of interference between two waves traveling in opposite directions....
In telecommunications, standing wave ratio is the ratio of the amplitude of a partial standing wave at an antinode to the amplitude at an adjacent node , in an electrical transmission line....
For a pure wave motion in fluid dynamics, the Stokes drift velocity is the average velocity when following a specific fluid parcel as it travels with the fluid flow....
Subharmonic frequencies are frequency below the fundamental frequency of an oscillator in a ratio of . For example, if the fundamental frequency of an oscillator is 440 Hz, sub-harmonics include 220 Hz and 110 Hz ....
Super Low Frequency is the frequency range between 30 hertz and 300 hertz. This frequency range includes the frequencies of Alternating current Electric power transmission ....
In physics, a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media, usually two fluids with different densities....
A surface acoustic wave is an acoustic wave traveling along the surface of a material exhibiting elastic , with an amplitude that typically decays exponentially with depth into the substrate....
Plasmas that are excited by propagation of electromagnetic surface waves are called surface-wave-sustained. Surface wave plasma sources can be divided into two groups depending upon whether the plasma generates part of its own waveguide by ionisation or not....
Surfing refers to a person or boat riding down a wave and thereby gathering speed from the downward movement. Most commonly, the term is used for a surface water sports in which the person surfing is carried along the face of a breaking ocean surface wave standing on a surfboard....
A swell, in the context of an ocean, sea or lake, is a formation of long-wavelength wind wave. Swells are far more stable in their directions and frequency than normal wind waves, having often travelled long distances since their formation by tropical storms or other wind systems....
Synthetic-aperture radar is a form of radar in which the large, highly-directional rotating antenna used by conventional radar is replaced with many low-directivity small stationary antennas scattered over some area near or around the target area....
A tidal bore is a tide phenomenon in which the leading edge of the incoming tide forms a wave of water that travel up a river or narrow bay against the direction of the current....
Tidal power, sometimes called tidal energy, is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into electricity or other useful forms of power....
In oceanography, a tidal resonance occurs when the tide excites one of the resonant modes of the ocean. The effect is most striking when a continental shelf is about a quarter wavelength wide....
Tides are the rising of Earth's ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the Moon and the Sun acting on the oceans. Tides cause changes in the depth of the marine and estuary water bodies and produce oscillating currents known as tidal streams, making prediction of tides important for coastal navigation ....
A transverse mode of a beam of electromagnetic radiation is a particular electromagnetic field pattern of radiation measured in a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction of the beam....
A transverse wave is a moving wave that consists of oscillations occurring perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer. If a transverse wave is moving in the positive x-direction, its oscillations are in up and down directions that lie in the y-z plane....
In mathematics, the trigonometric functions are function s of an angle. They are important in the trigonometry of Triangle and modeling Periodic function, among many other applications....
A is a series of ocean surface wave that is created when a large volume of a body of water, such as an ocean, is rapidly displaced. The Japanese term is literally translated into " harbor wave."...
The Ultra Low Frequency is the frequency range between 300 hertz and 3 kilohertz. Many types of waves in the ULF frequency band can be observed in the magnetosphere and on the ground....
Ultrasound is cyclic sound pressure with a frequency greater than the upper limit of human hearing . Although this limit varies from person to person, it is approximately 20 Hertz in healthy, young adults and thus, 20 kHz serves as a useful lower limit in describing ultrasound....
The ultraviolet catastrophe, also called the Rayleigh-Jeans catastrophe, was a prediction of early 20th century classical physics that an ideal black body at thermodynamic equilibrium will emit radiation with infinite power....
A vibration in a strings is a wave. Usually a vibrating string produces a sound whose frequency in most cases is constant. Therefore, since frequency characterizes the Pitch_, the sound produced is a constant note....
A wake is the region of turbulence immediately to the rear of a solid body caused by the flow of air or water around the body.In fluid dynamics, a wake is the region of separated flow downstream of a solid body moving relative to the fluid, caused by the flow of liquid around the body....
The wave base is the maximum depth at which a water wave's passage causes significant water motion. For water depths larger than the wave base, bottom sediments are no longer stirred by the wave motion above....
Wave drag is an aerodynamics term that refers to a sudden and very powerful form of drag that appears on aircraft and blade tips moving at high-subsonic and supersonic speeds....
The wave equation is an important second-order linear partial differential equation that describes the propagation of a variety of waves, such as sound waves, light waves and water waves....
In optics and physics, a wavefront is the Locus of Point s having the same phase . Since infrared, optical, x-ray and gamma-ray frequencies are so high, the temporal component of electromagnetic waves is usually ignored at these wavelengths, and it is only the phase of the spatial oscillation that is described....
The wave impedance of an electromagnetic wave, is the ratio of the transverse components of the electric field and magnetic fields . For a transverse-electric-magnetic plane wave travelling through a homogeneous medium , the wave impedance is everywhere equal to the intrinsic impedance of the medium....
In physics, wavelength is the distance between repeating units of a propagating wave of a given frequency. It is commonly designated by the Greek language letter lambda ....
Wave power is the transport of energy by ocean surface waves, and the capture of that energy to do useful mechanical work ? for example for electricity generation, desalination, or the pumping of water ....
A wave vector is a vector representation of a wave. The wave vector has magnitude indicating wavenumber , and the direction of the vector indicates the direction of wave propagation....
Waveform means the shape and form of a signal such as a wave moving in a solid, liquid or gaseous medium.In many cases the medium in which the wave is being propagated does not permit a direct visual image of the form....
A waveform monitor is a special type of oscilloscope used in television applications. It is typically used to measure and display the level, or voltage, of a video signal with respect to time....
A waveguide is a structure which guides waves, such as electromagnetic waves or sound waves. There are different types of waveguide for each type of wave....
Wavenumber in most physics sciences is a wave property inverse related to wavelength, having SI units of reciprocal metre . Wavenumber is the space analog of frequency, that is, it is the measurement of the number of repeating units of a propagating wave per unit of space....
A wavenumber-frequency diagram is a plot of a field that has been subjected to a Fourier transform both in space and time.In the atmospheric sciences, these plots are a common way to visualize atmospheric waves....
A waverider is a hypersonic aircraft design that improves its supersonic lift-to-drag ratio by producing a lifting surface built out of the shock waves being generated by its own flight, a technique known as compression lift....
When ocean surface wave travel into areas of shallow water, they begin to be affected by the ocean bottom. The free orbital motion of the water is disrupted, and water particles in orbital motion no longer return to their original position....
Wave velocity is a wave property, which may refer to:*phase velocity, the velocity at which a wave phase propagates at a certain frequency*group velocity, the propagation velocity for the envelope of wave groups and often of wave energy, different from the phase velocity for dispersive waves...
A wave function or wavefunction is a mathematical tool used in quantum mechanics to describe any physical system. It is a function from a mathematical space that maps the possible states of the system into the complex numbers....
In quantum mechanics, wave function collapse is the process by which a wave function, initially in a Quantum superposition of different eigenstates, appears to reduce to a single one of the states after interaction with the external world....
In physics, wavelength is the distance between repeating units of a propagating wave of a given frequency. It is commonly designated by the Greek language letter lambda ....
In fiber-optic communications, wavelength-division multiplexing is a technology which Multiplexing multiple Optical Carrier signals on a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths of laser light to carry different signals....
In a single-mode optical fiber, the zero-dispersion wavelength is the wavelength or wavelengths at which material dispersion and waveguide dispersion cancel one another....
A zone plate is a device used to Focus light. Unlike lens however, zone plates use diffraction instead of refraction. Created by Augustin-Jean Fresnel [fre?'nel], they are sometimes called Fresnel zone plates in his honor....
