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List of superconductors

Overview

A table showing major parameters of major superconductors of simple structure (numerous metallic alloys are not shown). X:Y means material X doped with element Y, T_C is the highest reported transition temperature in kelvin

Kelvin

The kelvin is a unit increment of temperature and is one of the seven SI base units. The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic temperature scale where absolute zero, the theoretical absence of all thermal energy, is zero kelvin...

s and H_C is a critical magnetic field in teslas

Tesla (unit)

The tesla is the SI derived unit of magnetic field B . One tesla is equal to one weber per square meter, and it was defined in 1960 in honor of the Serbian-American inventor, physicist, and electrical engineer Nikola Tesla...

. "Non-metals" here refers to materials which are normally not considered as metals, but become superconducting upon heavy doping.

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Kelvin

s and H_C is a critical magnetic field in teslas

Tesla (unit)

. "Non-metals" here refers to materials which are normally not considered as metals, but become superconducting upon heavy doping. "BCS" means whether or not the superconductivity is explained within the BCS theory

BCS theory

BCS theory is the first microscopic theory of superconductivity, proposed by Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer in 1957 since the discovery of superconductivity in 1911. It describes superconductivity as a microscopic effect caused by a condensation of pairs of electrons into a boson-like...

Formula	T_C (K)	H_C (T)	Type Superconductor classification Superconductors can be classified in accordance with several criteria that depend on our interest in their physical properties, on the understanding we have about them, on how expensive is cooling them or on the material they are made of....	BCS BCS theory BCS theory is the first microscopic theory of superconductivity, proposed by Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer in 1957 since the discovery of superconductivity in 1911. It describes superconductivity as a microscopic effect caused by a condensation of pairs of electrons into a boson-like...	References
*Metals*
Al Aluminium Aluminium or aluminum is a silvery white and ductile member of the boron group of chemical elements. It has the symbol Al; its atomic number is 13. It is not soluble in water under normal circumstances....	1.20	0.01	I	yes
Cd Cadmium Cadmium is a chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. The soft, bluish-white transition metal is chemically similar to the two other metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Similar to zinc it prefers oxidation state +2 in most of its compounds and similar to mercury it shows a low...	0.52	0.003	I	yes
Hf Hafnium Hafnium is a chemical element with the symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in zirconium minerals. Its existence was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. Hafnium was the penultimate stable...	0.165		I	yes
a-Hg Mercury (element) Mercury , also called quicksilver or hydrargyrum , is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and atomic number 80...	4.15	0.04	I	yes
b-Hg Mercury (element) Mercury , also called quicksilver or hydrargyrum , is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and atomic number 80...	3.95	0.04	I	yes
Ga Gallium Gallium is a chemical element that has the symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Elemental gallium does not occur in nature, but as the Ga salt, in trace amounts in bauxite and zinc ores. A soft silvery metallic poor metal, elemental gallium is a brittle solid at low temperatures. As it liquefies...	1.1	0.005	I	yes
In Indium Indium is a chemical element with chemical symbol In and atomic number 49. This rare, soft, malleable and easily fusible post-transition metal is chemically similar to aluminium or gallium but more closely resembles zinc .Indium's current primary application is to form transparent electrodes from...	3.4	0.03	I	yes
Ir Iridium Iridium is the chemical element with atomic number 77, and is represented by the symbol Ir. A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum family, iridium is the second densest element and is the most corrosion-resistant metal, even at temperatures as high as 2000 °C...	0.14		I	yes
a-La Lanthanum Lanthanum is a chemical element with the symbol La and atomic number 57.Lanthanum is a silvery white metallic element that belongs to group 3 of the periodic table and is a lanthanoid. It is found in some rare-earth minerals, usually in combination with cerium and other rare earth elements...	4.9		I	yes
b-La Lanthanum Lanthanum is a chemical element with the symbol La and atomic number 57.Lanthanum is a silvery white metallic element that belongs to group 3 of the periodic table and is a lanthanoid. It is found in some rare-earth minerals, usually in combination with cerium and other rare earth elements...	6.3		I	yes
Mo Molybdenum Molybdenum , is a Group 6 chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The free element, which is a silvery metal, has the sixth-highest melting point of any element. It readily forms hard, stable carbides, and for this reason it is often used in high-strength steel alloys...	0.92		I	yes
Nb Niobium Niobium , or columbium , is the chemical element with the symbol Nb and the atomic number 41...	9.26	0.82	II	yes
Os Osmium Osmium is a chemical element that has the symbol Os and atomic number 76. Osmium is a hard, brittle, blue-gray or blue-black transition metal in the platinum family, and is the densest natural element. The density of osmium is , slightly greater than that of iridium, the second densest element....	0.65	0.007	I	yes
Pa Protactinium Protactinium is a chemical element with the symbol Pa and atomic number 91. Its longest-lived and most abundant naturally-occurring isotope by far, Pa-231, is a decay product of uranium-235 , and it has a half-life of 32,760 years...	1.4		I	yes
Pb Lead Lead is a main-group element with symbol Pb and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable poor metal, also considered to be one of the heavy metals. Lead has a bluish-white color when freshly cut, but tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air...	7.19	0.08	I	yes
Re Rhenium Rhenium is a chemical element with the symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an average concentration of 1 part per billion , rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust...	2.4	0.03	I	yes
Ru Ruthenium Ruthenium is a chemical element that has the symbol Ru and atomic number 44. A rare transition metal of the platinum group of the periodic table, ruthenium is found associated with platinum ores and used as a catalyst in some platinum alloys....	0.49	0.005	I	yes
Sn Tin Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50. It is a main group metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Tin shows chemical similarity to both neighboring group 14 elements, germanium and lead, like the two possible oxidation states +2 and +4...	3.72	0.03	I	yes
Ta Tantalum Tantalum is a chemical element with the symbol Ta and atomic number 73. A rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal, tantalum is highly corrosion resistant and occurs naturally in the mineral tantalite, always together with the chemically similar niobium...	4.48	0.3	I	yes
Tc Technetium Technetium is the lightest chemical element with no stable isotope, and is therefore the lightest radioactive element. It has atomic number 43 and symbol Tc. Technetium occurs in nature only in minute amounts; as a spontaneous fission product in uranium ore or by neutron capture in molybdenum...	7.46-11.2	0.04	II	yes
a-Th Thorium Thorium is a chemical element with the symbol Th and atomic number 90. It is a naturally occurring, slightly radioactive metal. Thorium is estimated to be about three to four times more abundant than uranium in the earth's crust...	1.37	0.013	I	yes
Ti Titanium Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Sometimes called the “space age metal”, it has a low density and is a strong, lustrous, corrosion-resistant transition metal with a silver color.Titanium can be alloyed with iron, aluminium, vanadium, molybdenum, among other...	0.39	0.01	I	yes
Tl Thallium Thallium is a chemical element with the symbol Tl and atomic number 81. This soft gray malleable poor metal resembles tin but discolors when exposed to air. Approximately 60-70% of thallium production is used in the electronics industry, and the rest is used in the pharmaceutical industry and in...	2.39	0.02	I	yes
a-U Uranium Uranium is a silvery-white metallic chemical element in the actinide series of the periodic table that has the symbol U and atomic number 92. Besides its 92 protons, a uranium nucleus can have between 141 and 146 neutrons. The most common uranium isotopes are U-238 and U-235 . A uranium atom has...	0.68		I	yes
b-U Uranium Uranium is a silvery-white metallic chemical element in the actinide series of the periodic table that has the symbol U and atomic number 92. Besides its 92 protons, a uranium nucleus can have between 141 and 146 neutrons. The most common uranium isotopes are U-238 and U-235 . A uranium atom has...	1.8		I	yes
V Vanadium Vanadium is the chemical element with the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a soft, silvery grey, ductile transition metal. The formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the metal against oxidation. Andrés Manuel del Río discovered vanadium in 1801 by analyzing the mineral vanadinite, and named it...	5.03	1	II	yes
W Tungsten Tungsten , also known as wolfram , is a chemical element with the chemical symbol W and atomic number 74.A steel-gray metal, tungsten is found in several ores, including wolframite and scheelite...	0.011		I	yes
Zn Zinc Zinc , also known as spelter, is a metallic chemical element; it has the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element in group 12 of the periodic table. Zinc is, in some respects, chemically similar to magnesium, because its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2...	0.855	0.005	I	yes
Zr Zirconium Zirconium is a chemical element with the symbol Zr and atomic number 40. It is a lustrous, gray-white, strong transition metal that resembles titanium. Zirconium is used as an alloying agent due to its high resistance to corrosion. It is never found as a native metal; it is obtained mainly from...	0.55	0.014	I	yes
*Non-metals*
Ba₈Si₄₆	8.07	0.008	II	yes
C₆Ca	11.5	0.95	II
C₆Li₃Ca₂	11.15		II
C₈K	0.14		II
C₈KHg	1.4		II
C₆K	1.5		II
C₃K	3.0		II
C₃Li	<0.35		II
C₂Li	1.9		II
C₃Na	2.3-3.8		II
C₂Na	5.0		II
C₈Rb	0.025		II
C₆Sr	1.65		II
C₆Yb	6.5		II
C₆₀Cs₂Rb	33		II	yes
C₆₀K₃	19.8	0.013	II	yes
C₆₀Rb_X	28		II	yes
Diamond:B	11.4	4	II	yes
InN Indium(III) nitride Indium nitride is a small bandgap semiconductor material which has potential application in solar cells and high speed electronics.The bandgap of InN has now been established as ~0.7 eV depending on temperature ....	3		II	yes
In₂O₃ Indium(III) oxide Indium oxide is a chemical compound, an amphoteric oxide of indium. It forms bixbyite-type cubic crystals. Its band gap has recently been revised to 2.9 eV, from the old value of about 3.7 eV ,...	3.3	~3	II	yes
Si:B	0.4	0.4	II	yes
SiC:B	1.4	0.008	I	yes
SiC:Al	1.5	0.04	II	yes
*Binary alloys*
LaB₆ Lanthanum hexaboride Lanthanum hexaboride is an inorganic chemical, a boride of lanthanum. It is a refractory ceramic material that has a melting point of 2210 °C, and is insoluble in water and hydrochloric acid. It has a low work function and one of the highest electron emissivities known, and is stable in vacuum...	0.45			yes
MgB₂ Magnesium diboride Magnesium diboride is a simple ionic binary compound that has proven to be an inexpensive and useful superconducting material....	39	74	II	yes
Nb₃Al	18		II	yes
Nb₃Ge Niobium-germanium Niobium-germanium is a metallic chemical compound of niobium and germanium . It has A15 phase structure.It is a superconductor with a critical temperature of 23.2 kelvins ....	23.2	37	II	yes
NbO Niobium monoxide -Niobium monoxide:Niobium monoxide, is the chemical compound with the formula NbO. It is a grey solid with metallic conductivity. It has an unusual cubic crystal structure, related to the rock salt structure, where both niobium and oxygen atoms are four coordinate square planar...	1.38		II	yes
NbN Niobium nitride Niobium nitride is a compound of niobium and nitrogen with the chemical formula NbN. At low temperatures, niobium nitride becomes a superconductor, and is used in detectors for infrared light.- Uses :*Niobium nitride's main use is as a superconductor...	16		II	yes
Nb₃Sn Niobium-tin Niobium-tin or triniobium-tin is a metallic chemical compound of niobium and tin , used industrially as a type II superconductor...	18.3	30	II	yes
NbTi Niobium-titanium Niobium-titanium is an alloy of niobium and titanium, used industrially as a type II superconductor wire for superconducting magnets...	10	15	II	yes
YB₆ Yttrium borides Yttrium boride refers to a crystalline material composed of different proportions of yttrium and boron, such as YB₂, YB₄, YB₆, YB₁₂, YB₂₅, YB₅₀ and YB₆₆. They are all dark, hard solids having high melting temperatures. The...	8.4		II	yes
TiN Titanium nitride Titanium nitride is an extremely hard ceramic material, often used as a coating on titanium alloys, steel, carbide, and aluminium components to improve the substrate's surface properties....	5.6			yes
ZrN Zirconium nitride Zirconium nitride, ZrN, is a nitride of zirconium.Zirconium nitride comes in various forms. It is hard ceramic material similar to titanium nitride and is a cement like refractory material...	10			yes
ZrB₁₂	6.0		I	yes

List of superconductors

See also