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List of sovereign states by date of formation

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Below is a list of sovereign states by formation dates, sorted by continent. This list includes only the 194 sovereign states currently in existence; it does not include former sovereign states. For proposed states or various indigenous nations which consider themselves still under occupation, see list of active autonomist and secessionist movements. Micronations are not included in this list.

Nation-building

Nation-building

For nation-building in the sense of enhancing the capacity of state institutions, building state-society relations, and also external interventions see State-building....

is a long evolutionary process. It is therefore practically impossible to come up with a single date for a nation's "birth". However, most nations have accepted some dates in their respective histories as their symbolic starting points. This is usually done more for nationalistic propaganda

Propaganda

Propaganda is a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position so as to benefit oneself or one's group....

than for scientific reasons. For many ancient and medieval nations these starting points are usually the dates when a nation was mentioned in a written document for the first time or simply a date from their national mythology

Mythology

The term mythology can refer either to the study of myths, or to a body or collection of myths. As examples, comparative mythology is the study of connections between myths from different cultures, whereas Greek mythology is the body of myths from ancient Greece...

. In Europe, this often coincides with the ruler's conversion to Christianity

Christianity

Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings...

. For post-colonial nations, starting with the United States, the beginning of statehood is usually considered to be the date when independence

Independence

Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state in which its residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory....

was declared, granted and/or recognised.

Independence dates for widely recognised states, earlier than 1919, should be treated with caution, since prior to the founding of the League of Nations

League of Nations

The League of Nations was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first permanent international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace...

, there was no international body to recognise nationhood, and independence had no meaning beyond mutual recognition of de facto sovereigns (the role of the League of Nations was effectively taken over by the United Nations

United Nations

The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...

after the Second World War). See also: disputed territories.

The situation is further complicated by the confusion between two terms commonly used as synonym: nation

Nation

A nation may refer to a community of people who share a common language, culture, ethnicity, descent, and/or history. In this definition, a nation has no physical borders. However, it can also refer to people who share a common territory and government irrespective of their ethnic make-up...

(generally considered an ethnic or cultural grouping) and state

Sovereign state

A sovereign state, or simply, state, is a state with a defined territory on which it exercises internal and external sovereignty, a permanent population, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood to be a state which is neither...

(an independent political entity). Taking this into account a declaration of being the "oldest country" in the world is not fruitful and will inevitably be disputed. The following list contains the formation dates of countries with a short description of those events. For a more detailed description of a country's formation and history please see the main article for each country.

Africa

Country	Date	Birth of current form of government	Date	Date of acquisition of sovereignty	Date	Date of most recent significant territorial modification
Algeria			1962-07-03	French recognition of Algerian referendum on independence held two days earlier
Angola			1975-11-11	Independence from Portugal
Benin			1960-08-01	Independence from France	1894-01-15	Borders of French Protectorate of Dahomey set at conclusion of Second Franco-Dahomean War Second Franco-Dahomean War The Second Franco-Dahomean War, which raged from 1892 to 1894, was a major conflict between the French Third Republic, led by General Alfred-Amédée Dodds, and the Kingdom of Dahomey under King Béhanzin....
Botswana			1885-03-31	Establishment of the Bechuanaland Protectorate by the United Kingdom	1894	Extended north into Ngamiland
Botswana			1966-09-30	Independence from the United Kingdom	1894	Extended north into Ngamiland
Burkina Faso			1958-12-11	Self-government achieved and republic within Franco-African Community	1947-09-04	Restoration of colonial boundaries used from 1919–1932
Burkina Faso			1960-08-05	Independence from France	1947-09-04	Restoration of colonial boundaries used from 1919–1932
Burundi	1966-11-28	Monarchy replaced by republic	1962-07-01	Independence from Belgium
Cameroon			1960-01-01	Independence from France	1961-10-01	Merger of part of British Cameroons with Cameroon
Cape Verde			1975-07-05	Independence from Portugal
Central African Republic	1979	Monarchy replaced by republic	1958-12-01	Central African Republic becomes autonomous territory in French Republic
Central African Republic	1979	Monarchy replaced by republic	1960-08-13	Independence from France
Chad			1960-08-11	Independence from France	1994-02-03	Aouzou Strip awarded to Chad
Comoros			1975-07-06	Independence from France declared
Democratic Republic of the Congo			1884-04-22	Congo Free State Congo Free State The Congo Free State was a large area in Central Africa which was privately controlled by Leopold II, King of the Belgians. Its origins lay in Leopold's attracting scientific, and humanitarian backing for a non-governmental organization, the Association internationale africaine... recognized as an independent state
Democratic Republic of the Congo			1960-06-30	Independence from Belgium
Republic of the Congo			1960-08-15	Independence from France
Côte d'Ivoire			1958-12-04	Autonomous republic within French Community French Community The French Community was an association of states known in French simply as La Communauté. In 1958 it replaced the French Union, which had itself succeeded the French colonial empire in 1946....
Côte d'Ivoire			1960-08-07	Independence from France
Djibouti			1977-06-27	Independence from France
Equatorial Guinea			1968-10-12	Independence from Spain
Eritrea			1993-05-24	Independence from Ethiopia Ethiopia Ethiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2... declared United Nations Observer Mission to Verify the Referendum in Eritrea The UN Observer Mission to Verify the Referendum in Eritrea was established pursuant to General Assembly resolution 47/114 of 16 December 1992 and lasted until 25 April 1993...	2002-04-01	Badme Badme Badme is a town in the Horn of Africa and the focus of a territorial dispute between Eritrea and Ethiopia. It is claimed by both Eritrea, which considers Badme to be a part of Gash-Barka Zone, and Ethiopia, which considers Badme part of the Mirabawi Zone of the Tigray Region. This dispute was the... ruled to be Eritrean by the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC after the Eritrean-Ethiopian War Eritrean-Ethiopian War The Eritrean–Ethiopian War took place from May 1998 to June 2000 between Ethiopia and Eritrea, forming one of the conflicts in the Horn of Africa... ). Contested by Ethiopia
Ethiopia	1975-03-21	Monarchy abolished and replaced by republic	~800 B.C.	Formation of the state of D'mt	2002-04-01	Badme Badme Badme is a town in the Horn of Africa and the focus of a territorial dispute between Eritrea and Ethiopia. It is claimed by both Eritrea, which considers Badme to be a part of Gash-Barka Zone, and Ethiopia, which considers Badme part of the Mirabawi Zone of the Tigray Region. This dispute was the... ruled to be Eritrean by the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC after the Eritrean-Ethiopian War Eritrean-Ethiopian War The Eritrean–Ethiopian War took place from May 1998 to June 2000 between Ethiopia and Eritrea, forming one of the conflicts in the Horn of Africa... ). Contested by Ethiopia
Gabon			1960-08-17	Independence from France
The Gambia			1965-02-18	Independence from the United Kingdom
Ghana			1957-03-06	Independence from the United Kingdom	1956-12-13	Union of British Togoland British Togoland British Togoland was a League of Nations Class B mandate in West Africa, under the mandatory power of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the occupied German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First... with Gold Coast Gold Coast (British colony) The Gold Coast was a British colony on the Gulf of Guinea in west Africa that became the independent nation of Ghana in 1957.-Overview:The first Europeans to arrive at the coast were the Portuguese in 1471. They encountered a variety of African kingdoms, some of which controlled substantial...
Guinea			1958-10-02	Independence from France
Guinea-Bissau			1973-09-24	Independence from Portugal declared
Guinea-Bissau			1974-09-10	Independence from Portugal recognized
Kenya			1963-12-12	Independence from the United Kingdom
Lesotho			1966-10-04	Independence from the United Kingdom	1868-03-12	Area that is now present-day Lesotho placed under British rule
Liberia			1847-07-26	Independence from the United States
Libya	1969-09-01	Monarchy replaced by republic	1951-12-24	Independence from UN Trusteeship (British and French administration after Italian governance ends in 1947)	1984-02-13	Aouzou Strip awarded to Chad
Madagascar			1958-10-14	The Malagasy Republic was created as autonomous state within French Community French Community The French Community was an association of states known in French simply as La Communauté. In 1958 it replaced the French Union, which had itself succeeded the French colonial empire in 1946....
Madagascar			1960-06-26	France recognizes Madagascar's independence
Malawi			1964-07-06	Independence from the United Kingdom
Mali			1958-11-25	French Sudan French Sudan French Sudan was a colony in French West Africa that had two separate periods of existence, first from 1890 to 1899, then from 1920 to 1960, when the territory became the independent nation of Mali.-Colonial establishment:... gains autonomy	1960-08-20	Senegal Senegal Senegal , officially the Republic of Senegal , is a country in western Africa. It owes its name to the Sénégal River that borders it to the east and north... secedes from Mali Federation Mali Federation The Mali Federation was a country in West Africa. It was formed by a union between Senegal and the Sudanese Republic...
Mali			1960-09-22	Independence from France	1960-08-20
Mauritania			1960-11-28	Independence from France	1979-08-11	Mauritania withdraws from Tiris al-Gharbiyya Tiris al-Gharbiyya Tiris al-Gharbiyya was the Mauritanian name for the area of Western Sahara under its control between 1975 and 1979.-Background:... (part of Western Sahara Western Sahara Western Sahara is a disputed territory in North Africa, bordered by Morocco to the north, Algeria to the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Its surface area amounts to . It is one of the most sparsely populated territories in the world, mainly... )
Mauritius			1968-03-12	Independence from the United Kingdom	1965	Separation of Chagos Archipelago Chagos Archipelago The Chagos Archipelago , is a group of seven atolls comprising more than 60 individual tropical islands in the Indian Ocean; situated some due south of the Maldives archipelago. This chain of islands are the southernmost archipelago of the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge a long submarine mountain range...
Morocco	789	idrisid dynasty	1956-03-02	Independence from France	1969-01-04	Return of Ifni Ifni Ifni was a Spanish province on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, south of Agadir and across from the Canary Islands.It had a total area of 1,502 km² , and a population of 51,517 in 1964. The main industry was fishing.... to Morocco
Morocco	789	idrisid dynasty	1956-04-07	French protectorate formally relinquished	1969-01-04
Mozambique			1975-06-25	Independence from Portugal
Namibia			1990-03-21	Independence from South African rule	1994-03-01	Walvis Bay Walvis Bay Walvis Bay , is a city in Namibia and the name of the bay on which it lies... integrated into Namibia
Niger			1958-12-04	Autonomy within French Community French Community The French Community was an association of states known in French simply as La Communauté. In 1958 it replaced the French Union, which had itself succeeded the French colonial empire in 1946....
Niger			1960-08-03	Independence from France
Nigeria			1960-10-01	Independence from the United Kingdom	1970-01-15	Biafra Biafra Biafra, officially the Republic of Biafra, was a secessionist state in south-eastern Nigeria that existed from 30 May 1967 to 15 January 1970, taking its name from the Bight of Biafra . The inhabitants were mostly the Igbo people who led the secession due to economic, ethnic, cultural and religious... re-integrated into Nigeria
Nigeria			1960-10-01	Independence from the United Kingdom	1961-06-01	Northern Cameroons Cameroons British Cameroons was a British Mandate territory in West Africa, now divided between Nigeria and Cameroon.The area of present-day Cameroon was claimed by Germany as a protectorate during the "Scramble for Africa" at the end of the 19th century... integrated in Nigeria
Rwanda			1962-07-01	Independence from Belgium
São Tomé and Príncipe			1975-07-12	Independence from Portugal
Senegal			1960-08-20	Independence from France
Seychelles			1976-06-29	Independence from the United Kingdom
Sierra Leone			1961-04-27	Independence from the United Kingdom
Somalia			1960-07-01	Merger of State of Somaliland State of Somaliland The State of Somaliland was a short-lived independent state in the territory of modern-day Somalia.-History:In May 1960, the British Government stated that it would be prepared to grant independence to the then protectorate of British Somaliland, with the intention that the territory would unite... (formerly British Somaliland British Somaliland British Somaliland was a British protectorate in the northern part of present-day Somalia. For much of its existence, British Somaliland was bordered by French Somaliland, Ethiopia, and Italian Somaliland. From 1940 to 1941, it was occupied by the Italians and was part of Italian East Africa... ) and Italian Somaliland Italian Somaliland Italian Somaliland , also known as Italian Somalia, was a colony of the Kingdom of Italy from the 1880s until 1936 in the region of modern-day Somalia. Ruled in the 19th century by the Somali Sultanate of Hobyo and the Majeerteen Sultanate, the territory was later acquired by Italy through various...
South Africa	1910-05-31	Creation of the Union of South Africa Union of South Africa The Union of South Africa is the historic predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into being on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the previously separate colonies of the Cape, Natal, Transvaal and the Orange Free State... from the previously separate colonies of the Cape Cape Colony The Cape Colony, part of modern South Africa, was established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652, with the founding of Cape Town. It was subsequently occupied by the British in 1795 when the Netherlands were occupied by revolutionary France, so that the French revolutionaries could not take... , Natal Colony of Natal The Colony of Natal was a British colony in south-eastern Africa. It was proclaimed a British colony on May 4, 1843 after the British government had annexed the Boer Republic of Natalia, and on 31 May 1910 combined with three other colonies to form the Union of South Africa, as one of its... , Transvaal and Orange River Orange River Colony The Orange River Colony was the British colony created after this nation first occupied and then annexed the independent Orange Free State in the Second Boer War...	1931-12-11	Statute of Westminster Statute of Westminster 1931 The Statute of Westminster 1931 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Passed on 11 December 1931, the Act established legislative equality for the self-governing dominions of the British Empire with the United Kingdom... , which establishes a status of legislative equality between the self-governing dominion of the Union of South Africa Union of South Africa The Union of South Africa is the historic predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into being on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the previously separate colonies of the Cape, Natal, Transvaal and the Orange Free State... and the UK	1994-04-27	Reincorporation of the nominally independent bantustans into post-Apartheid South Africa
South Africa	1910-05-31		1961-05-31	Republic declared (South Africa no longer a Commonwealth realm Commonwealth Realm A Commonwealth realm is a sovereign state within the Commonwealth of Nations that has Elizabeth II as its monarch and head of state. The sixteen current realms have a combined land area of 18.8 million km² , and a population of 134 million, of which all, except about two million, live in the six... )	1994-04-27
'			2011-07-09	Separation of Southern Sudan from Sudan Sudan Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...
Sudan			1956-01-01	Independence from Egypt Egypt Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world... ian and British joint rule Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Anglo-Egyptian Sudan referred to the manner by which Sudan was administered between 1899 and 1956, when it was a condominium of Egypt and the United Kingdom.-Union with Egypt:...	2011-07-09	South Sudan South Sudan South Sudan , officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country located in the Sahel region of northeastern Africa. It is also part of the North Africa UN sub-region. Its current capital is Juba, which is also its largest city; the capital city is planned to be moved to the more... secedes from Sudan
Swaziland			1968-09-06	Independence from the United Kingdom
Tanzania			1961-12-09	Independence of Tanganyika Tanganyika Tanganyika , later formally the Republic of Tanganyika, was a sovereign state in East Africa from 1961 to 1964. It was situated between the Indian Ocean and the African Great Lakes of Lake Victoria, Lake Malawi and Lake Tanganyika... from the United Kingdom	1964-04-26	Merger of Zanzibar Zanzibar Zanzibar ,Persian: زنگبار, from suffix bār: "coast" and Zangi: "bruin" ; is a semi-autonomous part of Tanzania, in East Africa. It comprises the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of the mainland, and consists of numerous small islands and two large ones: Unguja , and Pemba... with Tanganyika Tanganyika Tanganyika , later formally the Republic of Tanganyika, was a sovereign state in East Africa from 1961 to 1964. It was situated between the Indian Ocean and the African Great Lakes of Lake Victoria, Lake Malawi and Lake Tanganyika... to form Tanzania
Togo			1958-08-30	Autonomy within French Union French Union The French Union was a political entity created by the French Fourth Republic to replace the old French colonial system, the "French Empire" and to abolish its "indigenous" status.-History:...
Togo			1960-04-27	Independence from France
Tunisia	1957-07-25	Declaration of Republic	1956-03-20	Independence from France
Uganda			1962-03-01	Self-government granted
Uganda			1962-10-09	Independence from the United Kingdom
Zambia			1964-10-24	Independence from the United Kingdom
Zimbabwe			1965-11-11	Unilateral declaration of independence Unilateral Declaration of Independence (Rhodesia) The Unilateral Declaration of Independence of Rhodesia from the United Kingdom was signed on November 11, 1965, by the administration of Ian Smith, whose Rhodesian Front party opposed black majority rule in the then British colony. Although it declared independence from the United Kingdom it... by Southern Rhodesia Southern Rhodesia Southern Rhodesia was the name of the British colony situated north of the Limpopo River and the Union of South Africa. From its independence in 1965 until its extinction in 1980, it was known as Rhodesia...	1901	BSAC separates North-Eastern Rhodesia North-Eastern Rhodesia North-Eastern Rhodesia in south central Africa was formed by and administered by the British South Africa Company as the other half, with North-Western Rhodesia, of the huge territory lying mainly north of the Zambezi River into which it expanded its charter in 1891... from Southern Rhodesia
Zimbabwe			1980-04-18	Recognized independence from the United Kingdom as Zimbabwe	1901

The Americas

Country	Date	Birth of current form of government	Date	Date of acquisition of sovereignty	Date	Date of most recent significant territorial modification
Antigua and Barbuda			1981-11-01	Independence from the United Kingdom
Argentina			1810-05-25	May Revolution May Revolution The May Revolution was a week-long series of events that took place from May 18 to 25, 1810, in Buenos Aires, capital of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, a Spanish colony that included roughly the territories of present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay... installs first local government	1884-10-18	Conquest of the Desert Conquest of the Desert The Conquest of the Desert was a military campaign directed mainly by General Julio Argentino Roca in the 1870s, which established Argentine dominance over Patagonia, which was inhabited by indigenous peoples...
Argentina			1816-07-09	Argentine Declaration of Independence Argentine Declaration of Independence What today is commonly referred as the Independence of Argentina was declared on July 9, 1816 by the Congress of Tucumán. In reality, the congressmen that were assembled in Tucumán declared the independence of the United Provinces of South America, which is still today one of the legal names of the...	1884-10-18
The Bahamas			1964-01-07	Internal self-governance granted
The Bahamas			1973-07-10	Independence from the United Kingdom
Barbados			1966-11-30	Independence from the United Kingdom
Belize			1981-09-21	Independence from the United Kingdom	1859	Treaty establishes border between British Honduras British Honduras British Honduras was a British colony that is now the independent nation of Belize.First colonised by Spaniards in the 17th century, the territory on the east coast of Central America, south of Mexico, became a British crown colony from 1862 until 1964, when it became self-governing. Belize became... and Guatemala Guatemala Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast...
Belize			1964-01-01	Self governing colony	1859
Bolivia	1809-05-25		1825-08-06	Bolivian War of Independence	1903-11-11	Signing of the Treaty of Petrópolis Treaty of Petrópolis The Treaty of Petrópolis, signed on November 11, 1903, ended tensions between Bolivia and Brazil over the then-Bolivian territory of Acre , a desirable territory during the contemporary rubber boom.... with Brazil whereby Bolivia gained lands in Mato Grosso Mato Grosso Mato Grosso is one of the states of Brazil, the third largest in area, located in the western part of the country.Neighboring states are Rondônia, Amazonas, Pará, Tocantins, Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul. It also borders Bolivia to the southwest... in exchange for the territory of Acre Acre (state) Acre is one of the 27 states of Brazil. It is situated in the southwest of the Northern Region, bordering Amazonas to the north, Rondônia to the east, Bolivia to the southeast and the Ucayali Region of Peru to the south and west. It occupies an area of 152,581.4 km2, being slightly smaller...
Brazil	1889-11-15	Proclamation of the Republic	1822-09-07	Independence from Portugal Kingdom of Portugal The Kingdom of Portugal was Portugal's general designation under the monarchy. The kingdom was located in the west of the Iberian Peninsula, Europe and existed from 1139 to 1910... declared	1903-11-11	Signing of the Treaty of Petrópolis Treaty of Petrópolis The Treaty of Petrópolis, signed on November 11, 1903, ended tensions between Bolivia and Brazil over the then-Bolivian territory of Acre , a desirable territory during the contemporary rubber boom.... with Bolivia Bolivia Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America... whereby Brazil was given the territory of Acre Acre (state) Acre is one of the 27 states of Brazil. It is situated in the southwest of the Northern Region, bordering Amazonas to the north, Rondônia to the east, Bolivia to the southeast and the Ucayali Region of Peru to the south and west. It occupies an area of 152,581.4 km2, being slightly smaller... in exchange for lands in Mato Grosso Mato Grosso Mato Grosso is one of the states of Brazil, the third largest in area, located in the western part of the country.Neighboring states are Rondônia, Amazonas, Pará, Tocantins, Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul. It also borders Bolivia to the southwest...
Brazil	1889-11-15	Proclamation of the Republic	1825-08-29	Independence recognized by Portugal Kingdom of Portugal The Kingdom of Portugal was Portugal's general designation under the monarchy. The kingdom was located in the west of the Iberian Peninsula, Europe and existed from 1139 to 1910...	1903-11-11
Canada	1867-07-01	Canadian Confederation Canadian Confederation Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federal Dominion of Canada was formed on July 1, 1867. On that day, three British colonies were formed into four Canadian provinces...	1931-12-11	Statute of Westminster Statute of Westminster 1931 The Statute of Westminster 1931 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Passed on 11 December 1931, the Act established legislative equality for the self-governing dominions of the British Empire with the United Kingdom...	1949-04-01	Dominion of Newfoundland Dominion of Newfoundland The Dominion of Newfoundland was a British Dominion from 1907 to 1949 . The Dominion of Newfoundland was situated in northeastern North America along the Atlantic coast and comprised the island of Newfoundland and Labrador on the continental mainland... joins as the province of Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador is the easternmost province of Canada. Situated in the country's Atlantic region, it incorporates the island of Newfoundland and mainland Labrador with a combined area of . As of April 2011, the province's estimated population is 508,400...
Chile	1810-09-18	First Government Junta Government Junta of Chile (1810) Government Junta of the Kingdom of Chile , also known as the First Government Junta, was the organ established to rule Chile following the deposition and imprisonment of King Ferdinand VII by Napoleon Bonaparte... declares Chile an autonomous republic within Spain	1818-02-12	Independence declared from Spain	1929-07-03	Chile awarded Arica Arica Arica is a city in northern Chile. "Arica" may also refer to:Places* Arica and Parinacota Region, Chile* Arica Airport , Chile* Arica, Amazonas, town in Colombia* Rio Aricá-açu, tributary of the Cuiabá River south of Cuiabá, BrazilOther... district in Treaty of Lima Treaty of Lima The Treaty of Lima solved the dispute between Peru and Chile regarding the status of the Chilean administered territories of Tacna and Arica. According to the Treaty, the Tacna-Arica Territory was divided between both countries; Tacna being awarded to Peru and with Chile retaining sovereignty over...
Chile	1810-09-18		1844-04-25	Independence recognized by Spain	1929-07-03
Colombia			1810-07-10	Independence declared from Spain	1903-11-03	Separation of Panama from Colombia Separation of Panama from Colombia The Separation of Panama from Colombia was formalized on 3 November 1903 with the establishment of the Republic of Panama from the Republic of Colombia's Department of Panama.-Prelude:...
Colombia			1819-08-07	Independence recognized by Spain	1903-11-03
Costa Rica			1821-09-15	Costa Rica Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain... declared independence from Spain	1824-07-25	Partido de Nicoya Partido de Nicoya The Partido de Nicoya was a major part of what is now the Guanacaste province in Costa Rica. Originally the territory was bounded on the northeast by the La Flor river and Lake Cocibolca, or Lake Nicaragua, on the south by Costa Rica , and on the east by a line that joins the northernmost part of...
Costa Rica			1838-11-15	Independence from Federal Republic of Central America Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain...	1824-07-25
Cuba	1959-01-01	Cuban Revolution Cuban Revolution The Cuban Revolution was an armed revolt by Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement against the regime of Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista between 1953 and 1959. Batista was finally ousted on 1 January 1959, and was replaced by a revolutionary government led by Castro...	1868-10-10	Independence from Spain declared Ten Years' War The Ten Years' War , also known as the Great War and the War of '68, began on October 10, 1868 when sugar mill owner Carlos Manuel de Céspedes and his followers proclaimed Cuba's independence from Spain...
			1898-12-10	Spain relinquishes all claim of sovereignty over and title to Cuba
			1902-05-20	United States military occupation ends
Dominica			1967-02-27	Became an associated state Associated state An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted... of the United Kingdom
Dominica			1978-11-03	Independence from the United Kingdom
Dominican Republic			1865-03-03	Independence regained from Spain following the Dominican Restoration War Dominican Restoration War The Dominican Restoration War was a guerrilla war between 1863 and 1865 in the Dominican Republic between nationalists and Spain, who had recolonized the country 17 years after its independence...
Ecuador	1809-08-10		1822-05-24	Independence from Spain of Gran Colombia Gran Colombia Gran Colombia is a name used today for the state that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern Central America from 1819 to 1831. This short-lived republic included the territories of present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, northern Peru and northwest Brazil. The... , of which Ecuador is a part	1942-02-26	Rio Protocol Rio Protocol The Protocol of Peace, Friendship, and Boundaries between Peru and Ecuador, or Rio Protocol for short, was an international agreement signed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on January 29, 1942, by the foreign ministers of Peru and Ecuador, with the participation of the United States, Brazil, Chile, and... ends border dispute with Peru Peru Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
Ecuador	1809-08-10		1830-05-13	Dissolution of Gran Colombia Gran Colombia Gran Colombia is a name used today for the state that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern Central America from 1819 to 1831. This short-lived republic included the territories of present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, northern Peru and northwest Brazil. The...	1942-02-26
El Salvador			1821-09-15	El Salvador becomes province in first mexican empire First Mexican Empire The Mexican Empire was the official name of independent Mexico under a monarchical regime from 1821 to 1823. The territory of the Mexican Empire included the continental intendencies and provinces of New Spain proper... , which declared independence from Spain
			1823	El Salvador becomes an state of federal republic of central america
			1841	Disolution of the federal republic of central america , El slvador becomes independent
Grenada			1967-02-27	Associated state Associated state An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted... of the United Kingdom
Grenada			1974-02-07	Full independence from the United Kingdom
Guatemala			1821-09-15	Guatemala becomes state in Federal Republic of Central America Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain... , which declared independence from Spain
Guatemala			1839-04-17	Independence from Federal Republic of Central America Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain... declared
Guyana			1966-05-26	Independence from the United Kingdom
Haiti	1987-03	Constitution	1804-01-01	The French colony Colony In politics and history, a colony is a territory under the immediate political control of a state. For colonies in antiquity, city-states would often found their own colonies. Some colonies were historically countries, while others were territories without definite statehood from their inception.... Saint-Domingue Saint-Domingue The labour for these plantations was provided by an estimated 790,000 African slaves . Between 1764 and 1771, the average annual importation of slaves varied between 10,000-15,000; by 1786 it was about 28,000, and from 1787 onward, the colony received more than 40,000 slaves a year... gains independence as Haiti	1844-02-27	The Dominican Republic Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries... gains independence from Haiti
Honduras			1821-09-15	Honduras becomes state in Federal Republic of Central America Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain... , which declared independence from Spain	1972-09-01	Swan Islands Swan Islands, Honduras The Swan Islands, or Islas Santanilla, are a chain of three islands located in the northwestern Caribbean Sea, approximately ninety miles off the coastline of Honduras, with a land area of .-Detailed location and features:... returned to Honduras from United States occupation
Honduras			1838-10-26	Independence from Federal Republic of Central America Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain...	1972-09-01
Jamaica			1962-08-06	Independence from the United Kingdom
Mexico	1917	Constitution	1810-09-16	Independence from Spain declared	1853-12-30	Gadsden Purchase Gadsden Purchase The Gadsden Purchase is a region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that was purchased by the United States in a treaty signed by James Gadsden, the American ambassador to Mexico at the time, on December 30, 1853. It was then ratified, with changes, by the U.S...
Mexico	1917	Constitution	1821-08-24	Independence recognized by Spain in Treaty of Córdoba Treaty of Córdoba The Treaty of Córdova established Mexican independence from Spain at the conclusion of the Mexican War of Independence. It was signed on August 24, 1821 in Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico. The signatories were the head of the Army of the Three Guarantees, Agustín de Iturbide, and acting on behalf of the...	1853-12-30
Nicaragua			1821-09-15	Nicaragua becomes state in Federal Republic of Central America Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain... , which declared independence from Spain
Nicaragua			1838-11-05	Independence from Federal Republic of Central America Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain...
Panama			1903-11-03	Separation of Panama from Colombia Separation of Panama from Colombia The Separation of Panama from Colombia was formalized on 3 November 1903 with the establishment of the Republic of Panama from the Republic of Colombia's Department of Panama.-Prelude:...	1979-10-1	United States returns Panama the Panama Canal Zone Panama Canal Zone The Panama Canal Zone was a unorganized U.S. territory located within the Republic of Panama, consisting of the Panama Canal and an area generally extending 5 miles on each side of the centerline, but excluding Panama City and Colón, which otherwise would have been partly within the limits of...
Paraguay	1992-06	Democratic Constitution	1811-05-14	Independence from Spain declared	1938	Paraguay awarded a large portion of the Gran Chaco Gran Chaco The Gran Chaco is a sparsely populated, hot and semi-arid lowland region of the Río de la Plata basin, divided among eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, northern Argentina and a portion of the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, where it is connected with the Pantanal region... as a result of the Chaco War Chaco War The Chaco War was fought between Bolivia and Paraguay over control of the northern part of the Gran Chaco region of South America, which was incorrectly thought to be rich in oil. It is also referred to as La Guerra de la Sed in literary circles for being fought in the semi-arid Chaco...
Peru			1821-07-28	Independence from Spain declared	1942-02-26	Rio Protocol Rio Protocol The Protocol of Peace, Friendship, and Boundaries between Peru and Ecuador, or Rio Protocol for short, was an international agreement signed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on January 29, 1942, by the foreign ministers of Peru and Ecuador, with the participation of the United States, Brazil, Chile, and... ends border dispute with Ecuador Ecuador Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
Peru			1879	Independence from Spain recognized	1942-02-26
Saint Kitts and Nevis			1967-02-27	Associated state of the United Kingdom	1980-12-19	Anguilla Anguilla Anguilla is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union in the Caribbean. It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin... separated from Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla was historically an overseas territory of the United Kingdom located in the Caribbean Sea. This entity later became a province to the short lived West Indies Federation in 1958...
Saint Kitts and Nevis			1983-09-19	Independence from the United Kingdom	1980-12-19
Saint Lucia			1967-02-27	Associated statehood
Saint Lucia			1979-02-22	Independence from the United Kingdom
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines			1969-10-27	Associated statehood
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines			1979-10-27	Independence from the United Kingdom
Suriname			1954-12-15	Self government granted
Suriname			1975-11-25	Independence from Netherlands
Trinidad and Tobago			1962-08-31	Independence from the United Kingdom
United States	1787-09-17	Ratification of the United States Constitution United States Constitution The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. It is the framework for the organization of the United States government and for the relationship of the federal government with the states, citizens, and all people within the United States.The first three... replaced the previous Articles of Confederation Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 founding states that legally established the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first constitution... creating a new system of government	1776-07-04	Independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain Kingdom of Great Britain The former Kingdom of Great Britain, sometimes described as the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain', That the Two Kingdoms of Scotland and England, shall upon the 1st May next ensuing the date hereof, and forever after, be United into One Kingdom by the Name of GREAT BRITAIN. was a sovereign... declared United States Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence was a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain regarded themselves as independent states, and no longer a part of the British Empire. John Adams put forth a...	1981-09-07	The United States cedes Serrana Bank Serrana Bank The Serrana Bank is one of the few atolls in the Atlantic Ocean. Its mostly underwater reef of about 50 km long and 13 km wide has six cays or islets, the most prominent of which is Southwest Cay.The cays from south to north are:... and Roncador Bank Roncador Bank Roncador Bank is a mostly-submerged atoll with several sandy cays. It lies in the west Caribbean Sea off the coast of Central America. Originally claimed by the United States under the Guano Islands Act of 1856, the atoll was returned by the United States to Colombia on September 17, 1981, as the... to the Republic of Colombia as a result of a treaty signed in 1972
United States	1787-09-17		1783-09-03	Independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain Kingdom of Great Britain The former Kingdom of Great Britain, sometimes described as the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain', That the Two Kingdoms of Scotland and England, shall upon the 1st May next ensuing the date hereof, and forever after, be United into One Kingdom by the Name of GREAT BRITAIN. was a sovereign... recognized Treaty of Paris (1783) The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain on the one hand and the United States of America and its allies on the other. The other combatant nations, France, Spain and the Dutch Republic had separate agreements; for details of...	1981-09-07
Uruguay			1825-08-25	Independence declared, joined in union with United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (current Argentina Argentina Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires... ).(Independence from Brazil declared)
Uruguay			1828-08-27	Treaty of Montevideo 1828 Treaty of Montevideo Treaty of Montevideo : In a treaty signed on August 27, 1828, after British mediation, Brazil and Argentina recognized the independence of Uruguay.... signed, recognizing Uruguay's independence
Venezuela			1811-07-05	independence from Spain declared Venezuelan Declaration of Independence The Venezuelan Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by a congress of Venezuelan provinces on July 5, 1811 through which Venezuelans made the decision to break away from the Spanish Crown in order to establish a new nation based on the premises of equality of individuals, abolition of...
Venezuela			1830-01-13	President José Antonio Páez José Antonio Páez José Antonio Páez Herrera was General in Chief of the army fighting Spain during the Venezuelan Wars of Independence, in addition to becoming the President of Venezuela once it was independent of the Gran Colombia... declares Venezuela independent from Gran Colombia Gran Colombia Gran Colombia is a name used today for the state that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern Central America from 1819 to 1831. This short-lived republic included the territories of present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, northern Peru and northwest Brazil. The...

Asia

Country	Date	Birth of current form of government	Date	Date of acquisition of sovereignty	Date	Date of most recent significant territorial modification
Afghanistan			1919-08-20	Treaty of Rawalpindi Treaty of Rawalpindi The Treaty of Rawalpindi was an armistice made between the United Kingdom and Afghanistan during the Third Anglo-Afghan War... gives Afghanistan control from the United Kingdom over its own affairs
Bahrain			1971-08-15	Independence from the United Kingdom	1521-07-01	Portuguese Portugal Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the... conquest of current territory
Bangladesh			1971-03-26	Independence from Pakistan declared
Bhutan			1885	Ugyen Wangchuck Ugyen Wangchuck Gongsa Ugyen Wangchuck was the first King of Bhutan from 1907 to 1926.He was born in 1862 to Jigme Namgyal, penlop of Trongsa and Ashi Pema Choki. He succeeded his father as Penlop of Trongsa... ends period of civil war and unites Bhutan	1865-11-11	Treaty of Sinchula
Brunei			1984-01-01	Brunei regains its independence after an agreement with the British on 4 January 1979
Cambodia			1989-09-26	Becomes free from Vietnamese occupation; it gets back its name instead of the People's Republic of Kampuchea People's Republic of Kampuchea The People's Republic of Kampuchea , , was founded in Cambodia by the Salvation Front, a group of Cambodian leftists dissatisfied with the Khmer Rouge, after the overthrow of Democratic Kampuchea, Pol Pot's government...
People's Republic of China	1949-10-01	Establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) as the Chinese Civil War Chinese Civil War The Chinese Civil War was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang , the governing party of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China , for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China and People's Republic of... nears its end	221 B.C.	Nation firstly unified by Qin Dynasty Qin Dynasty The Qin Dynasty was the first imperial dynasty of China, lasting from 221 to 207 BC. The Qin state derived its name from its heartland of Qin, in modern-day Shaanxi. The strength of the Qin state was greatly increased by the legalist reforms of Shang Yang in the 4th century BC, during the Warring...	1999-12-20	Transfer of the sovereignty of Macau from Portugal to the PRC
India	1950-01-26	Indian constitution comes into force	320 B.C	Foundation of Maurya Empire Maurya Empire The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in ancient India, ruled by the Mauryan dynasty from 321 to 185 BC... 320 BC	1975-05-16	Accession of Daman, Diu + Sikkim Sikkim Sikkim is a landlocked Indian state nestled in the Himalayan mountains... to India
Indonesia	1945-08-18	Ratification of the Constitution of Indonesia Constitution of Indonesia The Constitution of Indonesia is the basis for the government of the Indonesia.The constitution was written in June, July and August 1945, when Indonesia was emerging from Japanese control at the end of World War II... by the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence	1945-08-17	Indonesian Declaration of Independence Indonesian Declaration of Independence The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was read at 10.00 a.m. on Friday, August 17, 1945. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed-resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the Netherlands until the latter officially acknowledged... from Netherlands	2002-05-20	Independence of East Timor East Timor The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, commonly known as East Timor , is a state in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecusse, an exclave on the northwestern side of the island, within Indonesian West Timor... , formerly administered as a province of Indonesia
Indonesia	1945-08-18		1949-12-27	Independence from the Netherlands recognized Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference The Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference was held in the Hague from August 23 - November 2, 1949, between representatives of the Netherlands, the Republic of Indonesia and the BFO representing various states the Dutch had created in the Indonesian archipelago...	2002-05-20
Iran	1979-02-11	Iranian Revolution Iranian Revolution The Iranian Revolution refers to events involving the overthrow of Iran's monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and its replacement with an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the... ends monarchism and establishes an Islamic Republic	3200 B.C.	Proto-Elamite in Early Bronze Age	1988-08-20	Iran-Iraq War Iran-Iraq War The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between the armed forces of Iraq and Iran, lasting from September 1980 to August 1988, making it the longest conventional war of the twentieth century... ends with Iran liberating all lost territories
Iraq	2003-03-20	Iraq defeated and occupied. New gov. formed	1932-10-03	Kingdom of Iraq Kingdom of Iraq The Kingdom of Iraq was the sovereign state of Iraq during and after the British Mandate of Mesopotamia. The League of Nations mandate started in 1920. The kingdom began in August 1921 with the coronation of Faisal bin al-Hussein bin Ali al-Hashemi as King Faisal I...	1991-02-28	Kuwait was liberated.
Israel			1948-05-14	Reading of the Declaration of Independence of Israel before the expiration of the British Mandate of Palestine at midnight	1994-10-26	Signing of the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace The Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace was signed in 1994. The treaty normalized relations between the two countries and resolved territorial disputes. The conflict had cost roughly US$18.3 billion... , whereby most of the disputed 400 square-kilometer area in the Arabah Arabah The Arabah , also known as Aravah, is a section of the Great Rift Valley running in a north-south orientation between the southern end of the Sea of Galilee down to the Dead Sea and continuing further south where it ends at the Gulf of Aqaba. It includes most of the border between Israel to the... was handed back to Jordan
Japan	1947-05-03	Coming into force of the current Constitution of Japan Constitution of Japan The is the fundamental law of Japan. It was enacted on 3 May, 1947 as a new constitution for postwar Japan.-Outline:The constitution provides for a parliamentary system of government and guarantees certain fundamental rights... , whereby the emperor Emperor of Japan The Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest... was deprived of his powers and a liberal democracy was established	660BC	Unity of the country by the Imperial family, and the capital was established in Yamato	1972-05-15	Return of the Ryukyu Islands Ryukyu Islands The , also known as the , is a chain of islands in the western Pacific, on the eastern limit of the East China Sea and to the southwest of the island of Kyushu in Japan. From about 1829 until the mid 20th century, they were alternately called Luchu, Loochoo, or Lewchew, akin to the Mandarin... to Japan and abolition of the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands
Jordan			1946-05-25	End of the British Mandate for Palestine	1994-10-26	Signing of the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace The Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace was signed in 1994. The treaty normalized relations between the two countries and resolved territorial disputes. The conflict had cost roughly US$18.3 billion... , whereby most of the disputed 400 square-kilometer area in the Arabah Arabah The Arabah , also known as Aravah, is a section of the Great Rift Valley running in a north-south orientation between the southern end of the Sea of Galilee down to the Dead Sea and continuing further south where it ends at the Gulf of Aqaba. It includes most of the border between Israel to the... was handed back to Jordan
Kazakhstan			1991-12-16	Independence declared from the Soviet Union
Kuwait			1991-02-28	End of Iraq Iraq Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert.... i occupation (Gulf War Gulf War The Persian Gulf War , commonly referred to as simply the Gulf War, was a war waged by a U.N.-authorized coalition force from 34 nations led by the United States, against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.The war is also known under other names, such as the First Gulf... )	1969-12-18	Formal division of Saudi-Kuwaiti neutral zone Saudi-Kuwaiti neutral zone The Saudi–Kuwaiti neutral zone, also known as the Divided Zone, was an area of 5,770 km² between the borders of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait that was left undefined when the border was established by the Uqair Convention of December 2, 1922....
Kyrgyzstan			1991-08-31	Independence from the Soviet Union
Laos			1949-07-19	Independence from France
Lebanon	1926-05-23	Lebanese Republic formed	1941-11-26	Independence from France declared	1920-09-01	France establishes State of Greater Lebanon with current boundaries
Lebanon	1926-05-23	Lebanese Republic formed	1943-11-22	Independence from France recognized	1920-09-01
Malaysia	1963-07-31	The Federation of Malaya was changed to Malaysia.	1957-08-31	Malayan Independence Merdeka Merdeka is a word in the Indonesian and Malay language meaning Independent or freedom. It is derived from the Sanskrit Maharddhika meaning "rich, prosperous and powerful". In the Malay archipelago, this term had acquired the meaning of a freed slave... from the United Kingdom was declared in Dataran Merdeka Dataran Merdeka Merdeka Square is located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is situated in front of the Sultan Abdul Samad Building. It was here the Union Flag was lowered and the Malayan flag hoisted for the first time at midnight on August 31, 1957... (Independence Square)	1965-08-09	Establishment of Singapore Singapore Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the... as an independent sovereign state
Malaysia	1963-07-31	The Federation of Malaya was changed to Malaysia.	1963-09-16	Malaysia was formed after the self government of Sabah Sabah Sabah is one of 13 member states of Malaysia. It is located on the northern portion of the island of Borneo. It is the second largest state in the country after Sarawak, which it borders on its southwest. It also shares a border with the province of East Kalimantan of Indonesia in the south... (was North Borneo North Borneo North Borneo was a British protectorate under the sovereign North Borneo Chartered Company from 1882 to 1946. After the war it became a crown colony of Great Britain from 1946 to 1963, known in this time as British North Borneo. It is located on the northeastern end of the island of Borneo. It is... ), Sarawak Sarawak Sarawak is one of two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. Known as Bumi Kenyalang , Sarawak is situated on the north-west of the island. It is the largest state in Malaysia followed by Sabah, the second largest state located to the North- East.The administrative capital is Kuching, which... and Singapore Singapore Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the... to federate with the existing States of the Federation of Malaya Federation of Malaya The Federation of Malaya is the name given to a federation of 11 states that existed from 31 January 1948 until 16 September 1963. The Federation became independent on 31 August 1957... .	1965-08-09
Maldives			1965-07-26	Independence from the United Kingdom
Mongolia			1911-12-29	Proclamation of Mongolian independence from Qing Dynasty Qing Dynasty The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China.... China
Myanmar			1948-01-04	Myanmar (Burma) declares independence from the British Empire British Empire The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height, it was the...	1956	Signing of border treaty with the People's Republic of China
Nepal	2008-05-28	Formation of Republic	1768-12-21	Nepali unification Unification of Nepal -Early rulers:Nepal's recorded history began with the Kiratis, who arrived in the 7th or 8th century BCE from the east to Kathmandu valley. Little is known about them, other than their deftness as sheep farmers and fondness for carrying long knives. The Kirats ruled for about 1225 years , their...	1815-12-02	Sugauli Treaty Sugauli Treaty The Sugauli Treaty was signed on December 2, 1815 and ratified by March 4, 1816, between the British East India Company and Nepal, which was a kingdom during that era. This ended the second British invasion of the Himalayan kingdom during the Anglo-Nepalese War... ends the Gurkha War Gurkha War The Gurkha War , sometimes called the Gorkha War or the Anglo–Nepalese War, was fought between the Kingdom of Nepal and the British East India Company as a result of border tensions and ambitious expansionism...
North Korea			1948-09-09	Declaration of creation of North Korea	1953-07-27	Cease-fire in the Korean War Korean War The Korean War was a conventional war between South Korea, supported by the United Nations, and North Korea, supported by the People's Republic of China , with military material aid from the Soviet Union... creates the southern border along the Military Demarcation Line Military Demarcation Line (Korea) The Military Demarcation Line , sometimes referred to as the Armistice Line, is the land border or demarcation line between North Korea and South Korea. On either side of the line is the Korean Demilitarized Zone...
Pakistan	1947-08-14	Independence from British India	1947 A.D.	British India Partition	1971-12-16	De facto : Province of East Pakistan East Pakistan East Pakistan was a provincial state of Pakistan established in 14 August 1947. The provincial state existed until its declaration of independence on 26 March 1971 as the independent nation of Bangladesh. Pakistan recognized the new nation on 16 December 1971. East Pakistan was created from Bengal... dissolved following the surrender of the Pakistani Army at the end of the Bangladesh Liberation War Bangladesh Liberation War The Bangladesh Liberation War was an armed conflict pitting East Pakistan and India against West Pakistan. The war resulted in the secession of East Pakistan, which became the independent nation of Bangladesh....
Pakistan	1947-08-14	Independence from British India	1947 A.D.	British India Partition	1974-02-22	De jure : Recognition by Pakistan of Bangladesh Bangladesh Bangladesh , officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south... as an independent country, whereby Pakistan definitely surrenders claims over the former province of East Pakistan East Pakistan East Pakistan was a provincial state of Pakistan established in 14 August 1947. The provincial state existed until its declaration of independence on 26 March 1971 as the independent nation of Bangladesh. Pakistan recognized the new nation on 16 December 1971. East Pakistan was created from Bengal...
Philippines	1935-11-30	The Commonwealth of the Philippines Commonwealth of the Philippines The Commonwealth of the Philippines was a designation of the Philippines from 1935 to 1946 when the country was a commonwealth of the United States. The Commonwealth was created by the Tydings-McDuffie Act, which was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1934. When Manuel L... was established through the provisions of the Tydings-McDuffie Act Tydings-McDuffie Act The Tydings-McDuffie Act approved on March 24, 1934 was a United States federal law which provided for self-government of the Philippines and for Filipino independence after a period of ten years. It was authored by Maryland Senator Millard E... and the Jones Law Jones Law (Philippines) The Jones Law or the Act of Congress of August 29, 1916, also known as the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916, replaced the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 that earlier served as a constitution for the Philippine Islands. The Philippines was ceded by Spain to the United States in 1898 and a civil... . The 1935 constitution remained in effect after independence in 1946.	1898-06-12	The First Philippine Republic First Philippine Republic The Philippine Republic , more commonly known as the First Philippine Republic or the Malolos Republic was a short-lived insurgent revolutionary government in the Philippines... declares Philippine Declaration of Independence The Philippine Declaration of Independence occurred on June 12, 1898 in Cavite II el Viejo , Cavite, Philippines. With the public reading of the Act of the Declaration of Independence, Filipino revolutionary forces under General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the sovereignty and independence of the... itself independent from the Spanish Empire Spanish Empire The Spanish Empire comprised territories and colonies administered directly by Spain in Europe, in America, Africa, Asia and Oceania. It originated during the Age of Exploration and was therefore one of the first global empires. At the time of Habsburgs, Spain reached the peak of its world power.... .	1930	Seven of the Turtle Islands Turtle Islands, Tawi-Tawi Turtle Islands, also known as Turtle Isles, is a 5th class municipality composed of a remote group of seven islands in the province of Tawi-Tawi in the Southern Philippines.-Location:... were returned by the United Kingdom to the United States as the successor of the Sultanate of Sulu, becoming part of the Philippine Archipelago. The remaining three islands became the Turtle Islands National Park (Malaysia).
Philippines	1935-11-30		1946-07-04	The United States recognizes independence on 4 July Filipino-American Friendship Day Filipino-American Friendship Day, July 4, is a day in the Philippines designated by President Diosdado Macapagal to commemorate the liberation of the country by joint Filipino and American forces from the Japanese occupation at the end of World War II.... under the provisions of the Treaty of Manila (1946) Treaty of Manila (1946) The Treaty of Manila is a treaty of general relations signed on July 4, 1946 in Manila, capital of the Philippines. Parties to the treaty were the governments of the United States and the Republic of the Philippines... . The nowrap remains in effect	1930
Qatar			1971-09-03	Independence from the United Kingdom
Saudi Arabia	1932-09-23	Regions of Al-Hasa Al-Hasa Al-Ahsa is the largest governorate in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province, named after Al-Ahsa oasis. The name Al-Ahsa is also given to the biggest city in the region, Hofuf. In classic Arabic, Ahsa means the sound of water underground. It has one of the largest oases in the world with Date Palms of... , Qatif Qatif Qatif or Al-Qatif is a governorate and urban area located in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. It extends from Ras Tanura and Jubail in the north to Dammam in the south, and from the Persian Gulf in the east to King Fahd International Airport in the west... , Nejd and Hejaz Hejaz al-Hejaz, also Hijaz is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia. Defined primarily by its western border on the Red Sea, it extends from Haql on the Gulf of Aqaba to Jizan. Its main city is Jeddah, but it is probably better known for the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina... unified to become Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...	1927-05-20	Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz recognized as independent in Treaty of Jeddah	2000-06-12	Border with Yemen Yemen The Republic of Yemen , commonly known as Yemen , is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east.... finalized by Treaty of Jeddah
Singapore	1965-08-07	Singapore cease to be a state of Malaysia	1959-06-03	Self government under the United Kingdom	1966-08-09	Establishment of Singapore as an independent sovereign state
Singapore	1965-08-07	Singapore cease to be a state of Malaysia	1965-08-09	separate from and independent of Malaysia	1966-08-09
South Korea			1948-08-15	First Republic of South Korea First Republic of South Korea The First Republic of South Korea was South Korea's first independent government, ruling the country from 1948 to 1960. It succeeded USAMGIK, the United States military government, which ruled the area from 1945 to 1948. The First Republic was established on August 15, 1948, with Syngman Rhee as... established	1953-07-27	Cease-fire in the Korean War Korean War The Korean War was a conventional war between South Korea, supported by the United Nations, and North Korea, supported by the People's Republic of China , with military material aid from the Soviet Union... creates the northern border along the Military Demarcation Line Military Demarcation Line (Korea) The Military Demarcation Line , sometimes referred to as the Armistice Line, is the land border or demarcation line between North Korea and South Korea. On either side of the line is the Korean Demilitarized Zone...
Sri Lanka			1948-02-04	Dominion Dominion A dominion, often Dominion, refers to one of a group of autonomous polities that were nominally under British sovereignty, constituting the British Empire and British Commonwealth, beginning in the latter part of the 19th century. They have included Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Newfoundland,...
Sri Lanka			1972-05-22	Full independence from the United Kingdom
Syria			1961-09-28	End of the United Arab Republic United Arab Republic The United Arab Republic , often abbreviated as the U.A.R., was a sovereign union between Egypt and Syria. The union began in 1958 and existed until 1961, when Syria seceded from the union. Egypt continued to be known officially as the "United Arab Republic" until 1971. The President was Gamal...
Republic of China	1911-10-10	After the Xinhai Revolution Xinhai Revolution The Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution, also known as Revolution of 1911 or the Chinese Revolution, was a revolution that overthrew China's last imperial dynasty, the Qing , and established the Republic of China... the Republic of China formally replaced the Qing Dynasty	1949-12-07	Republic of China Republic of China The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor... government moved to Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War Chinese Civil War The Chinese Civil War was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang , the governing party of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China , for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China and People's Republic of...	1955-02-25	Withdrawal of the Republic of China Republic of China The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor... from the Dachen Archipelago
Tajikistan			1991-09-09	Independence from the Soviet Union
Thailand			1776	Expulsion of Burmese and reunification of Thailand	1909-03-10	Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 The Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 or Bangkok Treaty of 1909 was a treaty between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Siam signed on March 10, 1909, in Bangkok. Ratifications were exchanged in London on July 9, 1909....
East Timor			1975-11-28	East Timor declares its independence but was suppressed by the Indonesian invasion
East Timor			2002-05-20	Independence was recognized by the international community following the UN United Nations The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace... -sponsored act of self-determination of 1999
Turkmenistan			1991-10-27	Independence from the Soviet Union
United Arab Emirates			1971-12-02	End of treaty relationship with the United Kingdom	1972-02-11	Ras al-Khaimah Ras al-Khaimah Ras al-Khaimah is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates , in the east of the Persian Gulf. It is in the northern part of the UAE bordering Oman's exclave. The capital city and home of most residents is also called Ras al-Khaimah. The city has a population of 263,217 as of 2008. The city... joins the UAE
Uzbekistan			1991-08-31	Independence from the Soviet Union declared
Vietnam	1945-09-02	Independence from Japan and France Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam The Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was written by Hồ Chí Minh, and announced in public at the Ba Đình flower garden on September 2, 1945. It led to the secession of North Vietnam.-History:Vietnam became a colony of France in the late nineteenth century...	2879 BC	Formation of Van Lang Van Lang Văn Lang was, according to tradition, the first nation of the ancient Vietnamese people, founded in 2879 BC and existing until 258 BC. It was ruled by the Hùng Kings of the Hồng Bàng Dynasty. There is, however, little reliable historical information available...	1976-07-02	Reunification of North Vietnam North Vietnam The Democratic Republic of Vietnam , was a communist state that ruled the northern half of Vietnam from 1954 until 1976 following the Geneva Conference and laid claim to all of Vietnam from 1945 to 1954 during the First Indochina War, during which they controlled pockets of territory throughout... and South Vietnam South Vietnam South Vietnam was a state which governed southern Vietnam until 1975. It received international recognition in 1950 as the "State of Vietnam" and later as the "Republic of Vietnam" . Its capital was Saigon...
Yemen			1990-05-22	Unification of North Yemen North Yemen North Yemen is a term currently used to designate the Yemen Arab Republic , its predecessor, the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen , and their predecessors that exercised sovereignty over the territory that is now the north-western part of the state of Yemen in southern Arabia.Neither state ever... and South Yemen	1990-05-22	Unification of North Yemen North Yemen North Yemen is a term currently used to designate the Yemen Arab Republic , its predecessor, the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen , and their predecessors that exercised sovereignty over the territory that is now the north-western part of the state of Yemen in southern Arabia.Neither state ever... and South Yemen

Europe & the islands

Country	Date	Birth of current form of government	Date	Date of acquisition of sovereignty	Date	Date of most recent significant territorial modification
Albania			1912-11-28	Declaration of independence from Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
Albania			1944-11-28	Albanian state re-established after Italian/German occupation
Andorra			1813	Reversal of annexation of Andorra by the Napoleonic Empire, through the Peninsular war Peninsular War The Peninsular War was a war between France and the allied powers of Spain, the United Kingdom, and Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars. The war began when French and Spanish armies crossed Spain and invaded Portugal in 1807. Then, in 1808, France turned on its...
Armenia	1918-05-28	Establishment of the Republic of Armenia	1990-08-23	Independence from the Soviet Union declared	1936-12-05	Establishment of the Armenian SSR Armenian SSR The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet...
Armenia	1991-09-21	Independence recognized by the Soviet Union	1990-08-23	Independence from the Soviet Union declared	1936-12-05
Austria			1955-05-15	Austrian Independence Treaty re-established Austria as a sovereign state	1921-12-14	City of Sopron Sopron In 1910 Sopron had 33,932 inhabitants . Religions: 64.1% Roman Catholic, 27.8% Lutheran, 6.6% Jewish, 1.2% Calvinist, 0.3% other. In 2001 the city had 56,125 inhabitants... moved to Hungary after plebiscite
Belarus			1990-07-27	Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic The Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic was a formal document issued by the Supreme Soviet of Belarus to assert their independence from the Soviet Union. Passed on July 27, 1990, the Declaration started the process to Belarus' eventual independence in August...	1945	Curzon Line Curzon Line The Curzon Line was put forward by the Allied Supreme Council after World War I as a demarcation line between the Second Polish Republic and Bolshevik Russia and was supposed to serve as the basis for a future border. In the wake of World War I, which catalysed the Russian Revolution of 1917, the...
Belarus			1991-08-25	Independence recognized by Soviet Union	1945
Azerbaijan	1918-05-28	Establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic Azerbaijan Democratic Republic The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was the first successful attempt to establish a democratic and secular republic in the Muslim world . The ADR was founded on May 28, 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917 by Azerbaijani National Council in...	1991-10-18	Declaration of independence from the Soviet Union	1920-04-28	Establishment of the Azerbaijan SSR Azerbaijan SSR The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Azerbaijan SSR for short, was one of the republics that made up the former Soviet Union....
Belgium	1831-07-21	King Leopold I of Belgium Leopold I of Belgium Leopold I was from 21 July 1831 the first King of the Belgians, following Belgium's independence from the Netherlands. He was the founder of the Belgian line of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha... swears allegiance to the constitution making the country a constitutional monarchy Constitutional monarchy Constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a constitution, whether it be a written, uncodified or blended constitution...	1830-10-04	Independence was proclaimed by the provisonial government	1919-06-28	Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The other Central Powers on the German side of... and annexation of the East Cantons
Bosnia and Herzegovina			1992-03-05	Independence declared	1943-11-25	Establishment of Bosnia in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...
Kingdom of Bulgaria	1989-11-10	People's Republic of Bulgaria was replaced by the Republic of Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...	681	The Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State... recognizes Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...	1940-09-07	Under the Vienna Awards Vienna Awards The Vienna Awards are two arbitral awards by which arbiters of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy sought to enforce peacefully the claims of Hungary on territory it had lost in 1920 when it signed the Treaty of Trianon... , Southern Dobruja Southern Dobruja Southern Dobruja is an area of north-eastern Bulgaria comprising the administrative districts named for its two principal cities of Dobrich and Silistra... was returned to Bulgaria
Independent State of Croatia			1991-10-8	From SFR Yugoslavia
Cyprus			1960-08-16	Independence from United Kingdom
Czech Republic			1993-01-01	Dissolution of Czechoslovakia Dissolution of Czechoslovakia The dissolution of Czechoslovakia, which took effect on 1 January 1993, was an event that saw the self-determined separation of the federal state of Czechoslovakia. The Czech Republic and Slovakia, entities which had arisen in 1969 within the framework of Czechoslovak federalisation, became... , creating Czech Republic Czech Republic The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest.... and Slovakia Slovakia The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
Denmark	1953-06-05	Constitutional Act of Denmark	958, or prior	The Jelling stones, a pair of rune stones considered to be the "birth certificate" of Denmark reads: "King Haraldr ordered this monument made ... who won for himself all of Denmark and Norway and made the Danes Christian."	1920-06-15	Sønderjylland was recovered from Germany
Estonia	1918-02-24	Estonian Declaration of Independence Estonian Declaration of Independence The Estonian Declaration of Independence, also known as the Manifesto to the Peoples of Estonia , is the founding act of the Republic of Estonia from 1918. It is celebrated on 24 February, the National Day or Estonian Independence Day.... , whereby a republic Republic A republic is a form of government in which the people, or some significant portion of them, have supreme control over the government and where offices of state are elected or chosen by elected people. In modern times, a common simplified definition of a republic is a government where the head of... was declared	1918-02-24	Independence declared from the Russian Empire Russian Empire The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...	1920-07-01	De jure: Signing of the Estonian-Latvian Border Treaty whereby Valga proper was ceded to Estonia
Estonia	1918-02-24		1991-08-20	Independence (from the Soviet Union) reasserted, end of occupation	1945-01-01	De facto: Eastern coast of Narva river Narva River The Narva is a river flowing into the Baltic Sea, the largest river in Estonia. Draining Lake Peipsi, the river forms the border of Estonia and Russia and flows through the towns of Narva/Ivangorod and Narva-Jõesuu into Narva Bay. Though the river is only 77 km long, in terms of volume... and most of Petseri County Petseri County Petseri County was a county of Estonia established in 1920. Since 1944, however, most of the county had been administered as Pechorsky District of Pskov Oblast, first by the Russian SFSR and then, from 1991, by Russia.-History:... were transferred to Russian SFSR
Finland	1809	Diet of Porvoo Diet of Porvoo The Diet of Porvoo , was the summoned legislative assembly to establish the Grand Principality of Finland in 1809 and the heir of the powers of the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates... , birth of Finland as an autonomous state entity within Russian Empire	1917-12-06	Independence from Russian Empire Russian Empire The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union... declared Finland's declaration of independence The Finnish declaration of independence was adopted by the Parliament of Finland on 6 December 1917. It declared Finland an independent and sovereign nation state rather than an autonomous Russian Grand duchy.-Revolution in Russia:...	1956	Porkkala Porkkala Porkkala is a peninsula in the Gulf of Finland located at Kirkkonummi in Southern Finland.The peninsula had great strategic value, as coastal artillery based there would be able to reach more than halfway across the Gulf of Finland... returned from Soviet Soviet Union The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.... control
Finland	1809		1918-01-03	Independence from Russia recognized by the highest Soviet executive body - VTsIK	1956
Early Modern France	1870-09-04	Establishment of a lasting republican form of government French Third Republic The French Third Republic was the republican government of France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed due to the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, to 1940, when France was overrun by Nazi Germany during World War II, resulting in the German and Italian occupations of France... , considered uninterrupted in French law	486	Kingdom of the Franks becomes the first Christian State after the fall of the Roman Empire	1947-02-10	Metropolitan France: Metropolitan France Metropolitan France is the part of France located in Europe. It can also be described as mainland France or as the French mainland and the island of Corsica... Annexation of Tende Tende Tende is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.-Geography:Tende is located within Mercantour National Park in the French Alps. The mountainous commune is bordered by Italy to the north, with the boundary determined by the watershed line between the two countries... , La Brigue La Brigue La Brigue is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.Brigue became part of France after the World War II, when Italy was forced to hand it over in September 1947 under the terms of the 1947 Peace of Paris. Before the hand over, it was part of Province of Cuneo... and other villages formerly in Italy
Early Modern France	1958-10-05	Establishment of the current semi-presidential system Semi-presidential system The semi-presidential system is a system of government in which a president and a prime minister are both active participants in the day-to-day administration of the state... known as the Fifth Republic French Fifth Republic The Fifth Republic is the fifth and current republican constitution of France, introduced on 4 October 1958. The Fifth Republic emerged from the collapse of the French Fourth Republic, replacing the prior parliamentary government with a semi-presidential system...	843	Creation of the Kingdom of France (West Francia), Treaty of Verdun Treaty of Verdun The Treaty of Verdun was a treaty between the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, the son and successor of Charlemagne, which divided the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms...	1962-07-05	Overseas France: Overseas departments and territories of France The French Overseas Departments and Territories consist broadly of French-administered territories outside of the European continent. These territories have varying legal status and different levels of autonomy, although all have representation in the Parliament of France , and consequently the... Loss of the French departments in Algeria following the latter's independence
Georgia (country)	1918-05-26	Establishment of the Democratic Republic of Georgia Democratic Republic of Georgia The Democratic Republic of Georgia , 1918–1921, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of Georgia.The DRG was created after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917...	1991-04-09	Independence from the Soviet Union declared	1992-07-23	Abkhazia Abkhazia Abkhazia is a disputed political entity on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus.Abkhazia considers itself an independent state, called the Republic of Abkhazia or Apsny... asserted its declared independence from the Soviet Union
Georgia (country)	1918-05-26		1991-04-09	Independence from the Soviet Union declared	1991-11-28	South Ossetia South Ossetia South Ossetia or Tskhinvali Region is a disputed region and partly recognized state in the South Caucasus, located in the territory of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within the former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.... declared independence from Georgia
Germany	1871-01-18	German Realm (Empire) founded	1955-05-05	Federal Republic of Germany (commonly referred to at the time as West Germany West Germany West Germany is the common English, but not official, name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG in the period between its creation in May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990.... ) declared fully sovereign	1990-10-03	Reunification German reunification German reunification was the process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany , and when Berlin reunited into a single city, as provided by its then Grundgesetz constitution Article 23. The start of this process is commonly referred by Germans as die... of West Germany West Germany West Germany is the common English, but not official, name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG in the period between its creation in May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990.... and East Germany
Greece	1975-06-11	Third Hellenic Republic	1821-03-25 (traditional) 1821-02-23 (actual)	Greek Revolution starts, various regional administrations Greek local statutes The Greek Local Statutes were the local assemblies of Greece during the Greek War of Independence who codified certain 'proto-constitutions' ratified by local assemblies with the aim of eventually establishing a centralized Parliament under a... established during 1821	1947-02-10	Peace treaty with Italy Treaty of peace with Italy (1947) The Treaty of Peace with Italy was a treaty signed in Paris on February 10, 1947, between Italy and the victorious powers of World War II, formally ending the hostilities... awards the Dodecanese Dodecanese The Dodecanese are a group of 12 larger plus 150 smaller Greek islands in the Aegean Sea, of which 26 are inhabited. Τhis island group generally defines the eastern limit of the Sea of Crete. They belong to the Southern Sporades island group... to Greece
			1822-01-01	First Hellenic Republic First Hellenic Republic The First Hellenic Republic is a name used to refer to the provisional Greek state during the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire... proclaimed
			1832-03-04	Independence recognized (as Kingdom of Greece Kingdom of Greece The Kingdom of Greece was a state established in 1832 in the Convention of London by the Great Powers... )
Hungary	1989-10-23	People's Republic of Hungary People's Republic of Hungary The People's Republic of Hungary or Hungarian People's Republic was the official state name of Hungary from 1949 to 1989 during its Communist period under the guidance of the Soviet Union. The state remained in existence until 1989 when opposition forces consolidated in forcing the regime to... was replaced by the Republic of Hungary Bulgaria Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...	1849-04-14	Independence declared from Habsburg Empire	1947-02-10	With the Paris Peace Treaty Paris Peace Treaties, 1947 The Paris Peace Conference resulted in the Paris Peace Treaties signed on February 10, 1947. The victorious wartime Allied powers negotiated the details of treaties with Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Finland .The... , Hungary loses all territories that were regained with the Vienna Awards Vienna Awards The Vienna Awards are two arbitral awards by which arbiters of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy sought to enforce peacefully the claims of Hungary on territory it had lost in 1920 when it signed the Treaty of Trianon... and during World War II, thus it returns to the 1920 borders (except for three villages in the northwest given to Czechoslovakia).
Hungary	1989-10-23		1991-06-19	End of 46 years long Soviet Soviet Union The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.... occupation.	1947-02-10
Iceland	930	The Icelandic Commonwealth Icelandic Commonwealth The Icelandic Commonwealth, Icelandic Free State, or Republic of Iceland was the state existing in Iceland between the establishment of the Althing in 930 and the pledge of fealty to the Norwegian king in 1262... established.	1944-06-17	Secedes from a Union with Denmark Kingdom of Iceland The Kingdom of Iceland was a constitutional monarchy lasting from 1 December 1918 until 17 June 1944, when the republic was proclaimed.- Origins in Danish rule :... formally as an independent republic.	1972-09-01	No territorial changes on land have taken place, however the expansion of the Exclusive Economic Zone Exclusive Economic Zone Under the law of the sea, an exclusive economic zone is a seazone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources, including production of energy from water and wind. It stretches from the seaward edge of the state's territorial sea out to 200 nautical... was such an important change in territory for Iceland that it merits a special inclusion here.
Iceland	930		1946	Departure of last United States occupation troops	1972-09-01
Republic of Ireland	1919-01-21	Elected Irish Parliament Dáil Éireann First Dáil The First Dáil was Dáil Éireann as it convened from 1919–1921. In 1919 candidates who had been elected in the Westminster elections of 1918 refused to recognise the Parliament of the United Kingdom and instead assembled as a unicameral, revolutionary parliament called "Dáil Éireann"... unilaterally declares Ireland's independence from the United Kingdom	1922-12-06	Irish Free State Irish Free State The Irish Free State was the state established as a Dominion on 6 December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed by the British government and Irish representatives exactly twelve months beforehand... secedes from United Kingdom by agreement in accordance with the terms of the Anglo-Irish Treaty Anglo-Irish Treaty The Anglo-Irish Treaty , officially called the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty Between Great Britain and Ireland, was a treaty between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and representatives of the secessionist Irish Republic that concluded the Irish War of... but remains a dominion Dominion A dominion, often Dominion, refers to one of a group of autonomous polities that were nominally under British sovereignty, constituting the British Empire and British Commonwealth, beginning in the latter part of the 19th century. They have included Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Newfoundland,... of the British Empire	1922-12-08	Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Northern Ireland is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west... secedes from the Irish Free State and rejoins the United Kingdom in accordance with the Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922 Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922 The Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, passed in 1922 to confirm the Constitution of the Irish Free State, and to ratify the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty....
			1931-12-11	Statute of Westminster Statute of Westminster 1931 The Statute of Westminster 1931 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Passed on 11 December 1931, the Act established legislative equality for the self-governing dominions of the British Empire with the United Kingdom... confers legislative independence from the United Kingdom
			1949-04-18	Republic of Ireland Act 1948 declares the state to be a republic and thus no longer subject in any way to the British Crown
Italy	1861-03-17	Italian unification Italian unification Italian unification was the political and social movement that agglomerated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century...	1945-04-25	Disestablishment of the German Nazi Germany Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by... -backed Italian Social Republic Italian Social Republic The Italian Social Republic was a puppet state of Nazi Germany led by the "Duce of the Nation" and "Minister of Foreign Affairs" Benito Mussolini and his Republican Fascist Party. The RSI exercised nominal sovereignty in northern Italy but was largely dependent on the Wehrmacht to maintain control... , whereby the unity and independence of the Italian state was restored	1975-11-10	Signing of the Treaty of Osimo Treaty of Osimo The Treaty of Osimo was signed on 10 November 1975 by the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Italian Republic in Osimo, Italy, to definitely divide the Free Territory of Trieste between the two states... which definitely divides the Free Territory of Trieste Free Territory of Trieste The Free Territory of Trieste was to be a city-state situated in Central Europe between northern Italy and Yugoslavia, created by the United Nations Security Council in the aftermath of World War II and provisionally administered by an appointed military governor commanding the peacekeeping United... between Italy and Yugoslavia Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...
Lithuania			1918-02-16	Independence declared from Germany and Russia	1939-10-27 and 1940-08-03	Eastern Vilnius Region Vilnius region Vilnius Region , refers to the territory in the present day Lithuania, that was originally inhabited by ethnic Baltic tribes and was a part of Lithuania proper, but came under East Slavic and Polish cultural influences over time,... ceded to Lithuania
Lithuania			1990-03-11	Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania The Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania or Act of March 11 was an independence declaration by the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic adopted on March 11, 1990... independence (from the Soviet Union) reasserted, end of occupation	1939-10-27 and 1940-08-03
Latvia			1918-11-18	Independence declared from Germany and Russia	1944	Abrene district Abrene district The Abrene district was an administrative district in the Republic of Latvia with an area of 4292 square kilometers, formed in 1925 from the northern part of the Ludza district and the western part of the Ostrov region as the Jaunlatgale district, but this was renamed Abrene in 1938... ceded to Russian SFSR (modern Russia)
Latvia			1990-05-04	Independence (from Soviet Union) reasserted, end of occupation	1944
Liechtenstein			1813-10-19	Dissolution of the Confederation of the Rhine Confederation of the Rhine The Confederation of the Rhine was a confederation of client states of the First French Empire. It was formed initially from 16 German states by Napoleon after he defeated Austria's Francis II and Russia's Alexander I in the Battle of Austerlitz. The Treaty of Pressburg, in effect, led to the...	1719-01-23	Purchase of Vaduz Vaduz Vaduz is the capital of the principality of Liechtenstein and the seat of the national parliament. The town, located along the Rhine, has about 5,100 inhabitants , most of whom are Roman Catholic. Its cathedral is the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishop....
Luxembourg	1890-11-23	Separates from union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands, becomes Grand Duchy in its own right	1945	End of German occupation Military occupation Military occupation occurs when the control and authority over a territory passes to a hostile army. The territory then becomes occupied territory.-Military occupation and the laws of war:... during World War II	1839-04-19	Partition of Luxembourg under the Treaty of London
Republic of Macedonia			1991-09-08	After a referendum, the Socialist Republic of Macedonia Socialist Republic of Macedonia The Socialist Republic of Macedonia was a socialist state that was a constituent country of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia... declared independence from Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
Malta			1964-09-21	Independence from United Kingdom
Moldova			1991-08-27	Independence from Soviet Union	1940-08-02	Moldavian SSR Moldavian SSR The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic , commonly abbreviated to Moldavian SSR or MSSR, was one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union... formed
Monaco			1861	Franco-Monegasque Treaty Franco-Monegasque Treaty The Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861 granted sovereignty to Monaco. Previously, under the Treaty of Vienna it had been a protectorate of the Kingdom of Sardinia.... confirms Monaco's sovereignty (formerly a protectorate of the Kingdom of Sardinia Kingdom of Sardinia The Kingdom of Sardinia consisted of the island of Sardinia first as a part of the Crown of Aragon and subsequently the Spanish Empire , and second as a part of the composite state of the House of Savoy . Its capital was originally Cagliari, in the south of the island, and later Turin, on the... )
Kingdom of Montenegro			2006-06-03	Declaration of independence from Serbia and Montenegro Serbia and Montenegro Serbia and Montenegro was a country in southeastern Europe, formed from two former republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia : Serbia and Montenegro. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, it was established in 1992 as a federation called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
Netherlands	1568	Treaty of Münster Peace of Münster The Peace of Münster was a treaty between the Dutch Republic and Spain signed in 1648. It was a landmark treaty for the Dutch republic and one of the key events in Dutch history; with it, the United Netherlands finally became independent from the Spanish Crown... signed, independence from Spain Habsburg Spain Habsburg Spain refers to the history of Spain over the 16th and 17th centuries , when Spain was ruled by the major branch of the Habsburg dynasty...	1945-05-05	German occupying forces surrender.	1839-04-19	The United Kingdom of the Netherlands United Kingdom of the Netherlands United Kingdom of the Netherlands is the unofficial name used to refer to Kingdom of the Netherlands during the period after it was first created from part of the First French Empire and before the new kingdom of Belgium split out in 1830... divided under the Treaty of London (1839).
Norway	872	King Harald I of Norway Harald I of Norway Harald Fairhair or Harald Finehair , , son of Halfdan the Black, was the first king of Norway.-Background:Little is known of the historical Harald... unifies the Petty kingdoms of Norway Petty kingdoms of Norway The Petty kingdoms of Norway were the entities from which the later Kingdom of Norway was founded. Before the unification of Norway in 872 and during the period of fragmentation after King Harald Fairhair's death Norway was divided in several small kingdoms... .	1814	Dissolution of the union between Norway and Denmark Denmark–Norway Denmark–Norway is the historiographical name for a former political entity consisting of the kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, including the originally Norwegian dependencies of Iceland, Greenland and the Faroe Islands... and establishment of the Constitution of Norway Constitution of Norway The Constitution of Norway was first adopted on May 16, 1814 by the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll , then signed and dated May 17...	1930-02-27	Jan Mayen Jan Mayen Jan Mayen Island is a volcanic island in the Arctic Ocean and part of the Kingdom of Norway. It is long and 373 km2 in area, partly covered by glaciers . It has two parts: larger northeast Nord-Jan and smaller Sør-Jan, linked by an isthmus wide... was made part of the Kingdom of Norway.
			1905-06-07	Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden
			1945-05-08	German occupying forces surrender.
Poland	1989-06-04	The first partially free Parliament's vote after 45-years long Soviet domination	966	adoption of Christianity Christianity Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings... by the first historically documented Polish ruler Mieszko I.	1951-02-15	Polish-Soviet border adjustment treaty 1951 Polish-Soviet territorial exchange The 1951 Polish–Soviet territorial exchange or Polish-Soviet border adjustment treaty of 1951 was a border adjustments signed in Moscow between the People's Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union regarding roughly of land, along their mutual border...
Poland	1989-06-04		1025	formation of the Kingdom of Poland by Mieszko's son Bolesław I Chrobry.	1951-02-15
Portugal	1974-04-25	Carnation Revolution Carnation Revolution The Carnation Revolution , also referred to as the 25 de Abril , was a military coup started on 25 April 1974, in Lisbon, Portugal, coupled with an unanticipated and extensive campaign of civil resistance... ends the authoritarian Estado Novo	1139-07-26	County of Portugal County of Portugal The County of Portugal was the region around Braga and Porto, today corresponding to littoral northern Portugal, from the late ninth to the early twelfth century, during which it was held in vassalage from the Kingdom of León.-History:... becomes independent History of Portugal (1112-1279) The history of Portugal, in most of the 12th and 13th centuries, is chiefly that of its origin as a separate state, in the process of the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula.-Background:... from the Kingdom of León Kingdom of León The Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. It was founded in AD 910 when the Christian princes of Asturias along the northern coast of the peninsula shifted their capital from Oviedo to the city of León... after the Battle of Ourique Battle of Ourique The Battle of Ourique saw the forces of Portuguese Prince Afonso Henriques defeat the Almoravid Moors led by Ali ibn Yusuf.-Background:... as part of the Reconquista Reconquista The Reconquista was a period of almost 800 years in the Middle Ages during which several Christian kingdoms succeeded in retaking the Muslim-controlled areas of the Iberian Peninsula broadly known as Al-Andalus... . Recognized by León in 1143 and by the Pope Pope The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church . In the Catholic Church, the Pope is regarded as the successor of Saint Peter, the Apostle... in 1179.	1801-06-06	Spain occupies the present day border town of Olivença Olivenza Olivenza or Olivença is a town in the autonomous community of Extremadura, situated on a disputed section of the border between Portugal and Spain... since the War of the Oranges War of the Oranges The War of the Oranges was a brief conflict in 1801 in which Spanish forces, instigated by the government of France, and ultimately supported by the French military, invaded Portugal... .
Kingdom of Romania	1989-12-22	Romanian Revolution of 1989 Romanian Revolution of 1989 The Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a series of riots and clashes in December 1989. These were part of the Revolutions of 1989 that occurred in several Warsaw Pact countries...	1877-05-21	Independence declared from the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...	1947-02-10	Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
Kingdom of Romania	1989-12-22		1878-07-13	Independence recognized internationally by the Treaty of Berlin	1947-02-10	Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
San Marino	1600	Constitution of San Marino Constitution of San Marino The Constitution of San Marino is distributed over a number of legislative instruments of which the most significant are the Statutes of 1600 and the Declaration of Citizen Rights of 1974 as amended in 2002. The constitutional system has influences from the Corpus Juris Civilis and Roman customary...	301-09-03	Traditional founding	1463	Added Fiorentino Fiorentino Fiorentino is one of the 9 communes or "castelli" of the Republic of San Marino. It has 2 245 inhabitants in an area of 6.57 km².- Geography :... , Montegiardino Montegiardino Montegiardino is one of the 9 communes or "castelli" of San Marino. It has 818 inhabitants in an area of 3.31 km².-Geography:... , Serravalle, and Faetano Faetano Faetano is one of the 9 communes or "castelli" of San Marino. It has 1.132 inhabitants in an area of 7,75 km².-Geography:...
San Marino	1600		1243	Formation of republican government	1463
Serbia	2006-06-08	Republic of Serbia declared legal successor to Serbia and Montenegro Serbia and Montenegro Serbia and Montenegro was a country in southeastern Europe, formed from two former republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia : Serbia and Montenegro. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, it was established in 1992 as a federation called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia... , ending the process of the dissolution of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century.... .	1835-02-15	Serbia Serbian revolution Serbian revolution or Revolutionary Serbia refers to the national and social revolution of the Serbian people taking place between 1804 and 1835, during which this territory evolved from an Ottoman province into a constitutional monarchy and a modern nation-state... proclaimed a hereditary constitutional monarchy. International recognition by the Treaty of Berlin Treaty of Berlin The name Treaty of Berlin is attached to several treaties:* Treaty of Berlin , an alliance between Hanover-Great Britain and Denmark in the Great Northern War* Treaty of Berlin , between Austria and Prussia, signed but not ratified by Russia... .	2008-02-17	Unilateral declaration of independence of Kosovo Republic of Kosovo Kosovo , officially the Republic of Kosovo is a partially recognised state and a disputed territory in the Balkans... from Serbia Serbia Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans... . UN Court of Justice International Court of Justice The International Court of Justice is the primary judicial organ of the United Nations. It is based in the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands... 's opinion on the issue requested by Serbia.
Slovakia			1993-01-01	Dissolution of Czechoslovakia Dissolution of Czechoslovakia The dissolution of Czechoslovakia, which took effect on 1 January 1993, was an event that saw the self-determined separation of the federal state of Czechoslovakia. The Czech Republic and Slovakia, entities which had arisen in 1969 within the framework of Czechoslovak federalisation, became... , creating Slovakia Slovakia The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south... and Czech Republic Czech Republic The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
Slovenia			1991-06-25	Declaration of independence from Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
Spain	1978	Constitution of Spain	1478	Unification of the state with the abolition of the Crown of Aragon Crown of Aragon The Crown of Aragon Corona d'Aragón Corona d'Aragó Corona Aragonum controlling a large portion of the present-day eastern Spain and southeastern France, as well as some of the major islands and mainland possessions stretching across the Mediterranean as far as Greece... , after the Spanish Succesion War.	1801-06-06	Spain takes in Olivenza Olivenza Olivenza or Olivença is a town in the autonomous community of Extremadura, situated on a disputed section of the border between Portugal and Spain... as a result of the War of the Oranges War of the Oranges The War of the Oranges was a brief conflict in 1801 in which Spanish forces, instigated by the government of France, and ultimately supported by the French military, invaded Portugal... .
Sweden	1523-06-06	Gustav Vasa elected King of Sweden and marking a definite secession from the Kalmar Union Kalmar Union The Kalmar Union is a historiographical term meaning a series of personal unions that united the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway , and Sweden under a single monarch, though intermittently and with a population... .	1905-06-07	Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden	1809-03-29	Loss of Finland to Imperial Russia.
Switzerland	1848-11-12	Foundation of the federal state Switzerland as a federal state The rise of Switzerland as a federal state began on September 12, 1848, with the creation of a federal constitution, which was created in response to a 27-day civil war in Switzerland, the Sonderbundskrieg... after Sonderbund war	1291	Traditional founding
Switzerland	1848-11-12		1815-08-07	Restoration of the Ancien Régime (federalism Federalism Federalism is a political concept in which a group of members are bound together by covenant with a governing representative head. The term "federalism" is also used to describe a system of the government in which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and... ), reverting the changes imposed by Napoleon Bonaparte.
Ukraine			1991-08-24	Independence from Soviet Union declared	1954-02-19	Transfer of Crimea Crimea Crimea , or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , is a sub-national unit, an autonomous republic, of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name... from Russia to Ukraine Ukrainian SSR The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or in short, the Ukrainian SSR was a sovereign Soviet Socialist state and one of the fifteen constituent republics of the Soviet Union lasting from its inception in 1922 to the breakup in 1991...
United Kingdom	1707-05-01	The Acts of Union Acts of Union 1707 The Acts of Union were two Parliamentary Acts - the Union with Scotland Act passed in 1706 by the Parliament of England, and the Union with England Act passed in 1707 by the Parliament of Scotland - which put into effect the terms of the Treaty of Union that had been agreed on 22 July 1706,... united the two kingdoms of Scotland and England (including Wales) to create the Kingdom of Great Britain Kingdom of Great Britain The former Kingdom of Great Britain, sometimes described as the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain', That the Two Kingdoms of Scotland and England, shall upon the 1st May next ensuing the date hereof, and forever after, be United into One Kingdom by the Name of GREAT BRITAIN. was a sovereign...	843	Kingdom of Scotland Kingdom of Scotland The Kingdom of Scotland was a Sovereign state in North-West Europe that existed from 843 until 1707. It occupied the northern third of the island of Great Britain and shared a land border to the south with the Kingdom of England...	1922-12-06 then 1922-12-08	Irish Free State Irish Free State The Irish Free State was the state established as a Dominion on 6 December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed by the British government and Irish representatives exactly twelve months beforehand... secedes from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom during the period when what is now the Republic of Ireland formed a part of it.... by agreement in accordance with the terms of the Anglo-Irish Treaty Anglo-Irish Treaty The Anglo-Irish Treaty , officially called the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty Between Great Britain and Ireland, was a treaty between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and representatives of the secessionist Irish Republic that concluded the Irish War of... and the Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922 Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922 The Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, passed in 1922 to confirm the Constitution of the Irish Free State, and to ratify the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty....
			927-12-07	Kingdom of England Kingdom of England The Kingdom of England was, from 927 to 1707, a sovereign state to the northwest of continental Europe. At its height, the Kingdom of England spanned the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and several smaller outlying islands; what today comprises the legal jurisdiction of England...
			1171 then 1542	Lordship of Ireland Lordship of Ireland The Lordship of Ireland refers to that part of Ireland that was under the rule of the king of England, styled Lord of Ireland, between 1177 and 1541. It was created in the wake of the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169–71 and was succeeded by the Kingdom of Ireland... Kingdom of Ireland Kingdom of Ireland The Kingdom of Ireland refers to the country of Ireland in the period between the proclamation of Henry VIII as King of Ireland by the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 and the Act of Union in 1800. It replaced the Lordship of Ireland, which had been created in 1171...
			1216	Principality of Wales Principality of Wales The Principality of Wales existed between 1216 and 1542, encompassing two-thirds of modern Wales.It was formally founded in 1216 at the Council of Aberdyfi, and later recognised by the 1218 Treaty of Worcester between Llywelyn the Great of Wales and Henry III of England...
Vatican City	1274	Birth of current form of government the Papal conclave Papal conclave A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a Bishop of Rome, who then becomes the Pope during a period of vacancy in the papal office. The Pope is considered by Roman Catholics to be the apostolic successor of Saint Peter and earthly head of the Roman Catholic Church... in 1274	1929-06-07	Ratification of the Lateran Treaty, making the Vatican City a sovereign State	1929-02-11	Signing of the Lateran Treaty

Oceania

Country	Date	Birth of current form of government	Date	Date of acquisition of sovereignty	Date	Date of most recent significant territorial modification
Australia	1901-01-01	Commonwealth of Australia established as a Dominion Dominion A dominion, often Dominion, refers to one of a group of autonomous polities that were nominally under British sovereignty, constituting the British Empire and British Commonwealth, beginning in the latter part of the 19th century. They have included Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Newfoundland,... of the British Empire British Empire The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height, it was the... .	1942-10-09	Statute of Westminster Statute of Westminster 1931 The Statute of Westminster 1931 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Passed on 11 December 1931, the Act established legislative equality for the self-governing dominions of the British Empire with the United Kingdom... was adopted by Australia Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 The Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 is an Act of the Australian Parliament that formally adopted the Statute of Westminster 1931, an Act of the British Imperial Parliament enabling the legislative independence of the various self-governing Dominions of the British Empire...	1975-09-16	Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea , officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands... becomes formally independent of Australia
Australia	1901-01-01		1986-03-03	Australia Act 1986 Australia Act 1986 The Australia Act 1986 is the name given to a pair of separate but related pieces of legislation: one an Act of the Commonwealth Parliament of Australia, the other an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom... eliminated the remaining ties between the legislature Legislature A legislature is a kind of deliberative assembly with the power to pass, amend, and repeal laws. The law created by a legislature is called legislation or statutory law. In addition to enacting laws, legislatures usually have exclusive authority to raise or lower taxes and adopt the budget and... and judiciary Judiciary The judiciary is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state. The judiciary also provides a mechanism for the resolution of disputes... of Australia and their counterparts in the United Kingdom.	1975-09-16
Fiji			1970-10-10	Independence from United Kingdom
Kiribati			1979-07-12	Independence from United Kingdom	1975-10-01	Separation of Gilbert Islands Gilbert Islands The Gilbert Islands are a chain of sixteen atolls and coral islands in the Pacific Ocean. They are the main part of Republic of Kiribati and include Tarawa, the site of the country's capital and residence of almost half of the population.-Geography:The atolls and islands of the Gilbert Islands... (later Kiribati) and Ellice Islands (later Tuvalu Tuvalu Tuvalu , formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls... )
Marshall Islands	1979-05-01	Constitution and local government established	1986-10-21	Compact of Free Association Compact of Free Association The Compact of Free Association defines the relationship that three sovereign states—the Federated States of Micronesia , the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau—have entered into as associated states with the United States.Now sovereign nations, the three freely associated... with the United States
Federated States of Micronesia	1979-05-10	Constitution ratified	1986-11-03	Compact of Free Association Compact of Free Association The Compact of Free Association defines the relationship that three sovereign states—the Federated States of Micronesia , the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau—have entered into as associated states with the United States.Now sovereign nations, the three freely associated... with the United States	1979-05-10	Yap Yap Yap, also known as Wa'ab by locals, is an island in the Caroline Islands of the western Pacific Ocean. It is a state of the Federated States of Micronesia. Yap's indigenous cultures and traditions are still strong compared to other neighboring islands. The island of Yap actually consists of four... , Chuuk Chuuk Chuuk — formerly Truk, Ruk, Hogoleu, Torres, Ugulat, and Lugulus — is an island group in the south western part of the Pacific Ocean. It comprises one of the four states of the Federated States of Micronesia , along with Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap. Chuuk is the most populous of the FSM's... , Pohnpei Pohnpei Not to be confused with Pompeii, the ancient city destroyed by Vesuvius in AD 79.Pohnpei "upon a stone altar " is the name of one of the four states in the Federated States of Micronesia , situated among the Senyavin Islands which are part of the larger Caroline Islands group... , and Kosrae Kosrae Kosrae , formerly known as Kusaie, is an island in Micronesia. The State of Kosrae is one of four states of the Federated States of Micronesia, and includes, besides the island of Kosrae, about a dozen satellite islands and islets, the most significant of which is Lelu Island.-Geography:With a... unite to form the Federated States of Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia The Federated States of Micronesia or FSM is an independent, sovereign island nation, made up of four states from west to east: Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Kosrae. It comprises approximately 607 islands with c...
Nauru			1968-01-31	Independence from UN United Nations The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace... Trusteeship
New Zealand	1840-02-06	Treaty of Waitangi Treaty of Waitangi The Treaty of Waitangi is a treaty first signed on 6 February 1840 by representatives of the British Crown and various Māori chiefs from the North Island of New Zealand.... between the British Crown United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom during the period when what is now the Republic of Ireland formed a part of it.... and the indigenous Māori tribes Iwi In New Zealand society, iwi form the largest everyday social units in Māori culture. The word iwi means "'peoples' or 'nations'. In "the work of European writers which treat iwi and hapū as parts of a hierarchical structure", it has been used to mean "tribe" , or confederation of tribes,... cedes kawanatanga Kawanatanga Kāwanatanga is a word from the Māori language of New Zealand. The word kāwanatanga was first used in the Declaration of Independence of New Zealand, 1835. It reappeared in 1840 when the Treaty of Waitangi was being translated from English into Māori. It was used there to translate the concept of... of New Zealand to Queen Victoria Victoria of the United Kingdom Victoria was the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she used the additional title of Empress of India.... .	De facto: from 1856-05-07	Formation of first responsible ministry Responsible government Responsible government is a conception of a system of government that embodies the principle of parliamentary accountability which is the foundation of the Westminster system of parliamentary democracy... in 1856.	1840-02-06	Treaty of Waitangi Treaty of Waitangi The Treaty of Waitangi is a treaty first signed on 6 February 1840 by representatives of the British Crown and various Māori chiefs from the North Island of New Zealand.... effectively unites the New Zealand archipelago as a single territory.The Kermadec Islands Kermadec Islands The Kermadec Islands are a subtropical island arc in the South Pacific Ocean northeast of New Zealand's North Island, and a similar distance southwest of Tonga... were incorporated in 1887.
New Zealand	1840-02-06		De jure: 1947-12-10	New Zealand Constitution Amendment Act 1947 Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947 The Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947 was a constitutional Act of the New Zealand Parliament that formally accepted the full external autonomy offered by the British Parliament... receives royal assent.	1840-02-06
Palau	1981-01-01	Republic of Palau created upon adoption of constitution	1994-10-01	Emerged from United Nations trusteeship (administered by the United States).
Papua New Guinea			1973-12-01	Self governing colony
Papua New Guinea			1975-09-16	Independence from Australia
Samoa			1962-06-01	Independence from New Zealand
Solomon Islands			1976-01-02	Self government granted by United Kingdom
Solomon Islands			1978-07-07	Independence from United Kingdom
Tonga			1970-07-04	Independence from United Kingdom	1845-12-04	Unification of what is now the islands of Tonga by George Tupou I of Tonga George Tupou I of Tonga George Tupou I, King of Tonga , originally known as Tāufaāhau I with some extra names: Tupou Maeakafaua Ngininginiofolanga , but took the name Siaosi when baptised in 1831...
Tuvalu	1975-10-01	Separation of Gilbert Islands Gilbert Islands The Gilbert Islands are a chain of sixteen atolls and coral islands in the Pacific Ocean. They are the main part of Republic of Kiribati and include Tarawa, the site of the country's capital and residence of almost half of the population.-Geography:The atolls and islands of the Gilbert Islands... (later Kiribati Kiribati Kiribati , officially the Republic of Kiribati, is an island nation located in the central tropical Pacific Ocean. The permanent population exceeds just over 100,000 , and is composed of 32 atolls and one raised coral island, dispersed over 3.5 million square kilometres, straddling the... ) and Ellice Islands (later Tuvalu)	1978-10-01	Independence from United Kingdom	1979-02-07	Treaty with United States recognizing Tuvaluan control over Funafuti Funafuti Funafuti is an atoll that forms the capital of the island nation of Tuvalu. It has a population of 4,492 , making it the most populated atoll in the country. It is a narrow sweep of land between 20 and 400 metres wide, encircling a large lagoon 18 km long and 14 km wide, with a surface of... , Nukufetau Nukufetau Nukufetau is an atoll that is part of the nation of Tuvalu. The atoll was claimed by the US under the Guano Islands Act some time in the 19th century and was ceded in a treaty of friendship concluded in 1979 and coming into force in 1983... , Nukulaelae Nukulaelae Nukulaelae is an atoll that is part of the nation of Tuvalu, and has a population of 393. It has the form of an oval and consists of at least 15 islets... , and Niulakita Niulakita Niulakita is the southernmost reef island, which is a district of Tuvalu, and the name of the only village on this island. The junior school is Lotoalofa Primary School.-Geographical features:... atolls
Vanuatu			1980-07-30	Independence from joint British-French condominium Condominium (international law) In international law, a condominium is a political territory in or over which two or more sovereign powers formally agree to share equally dominium and exercise their rights jointly, without dividing it up into 'national' zones.Although a condominium has always been...

Transcontinental states

Country	Date	Birth of current form of government	Date	Date of acquisition of sovereignty	Date	Date of most recent significant territorial modification
Egypt	1952-07-23	Egyptian Revolution of 1952	1922-02-28	Unilateral recognition Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence The Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence was issued by the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 28 February 1922... of independence by the United Kingdom United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom during the period when what is now the Republic of Ireland formed a part of it.... but continued British military occupation	1982-04-25	Withdrawal of last Israeli troops and settlers from Sinai as agreed upon in the peace treaty with Israel Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty The 1979 Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty was signed in Washington, D.C. on the 26th of March 1979, following the 1978 Camp David Accords, which were signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, and were witnessed by United States President Jimmy Carter.The peace...
	1953-06-18	Republic proclaimed	1956-06-18	Withdrawal of last British troops from the Suez Canal Zone Suez Canal The Suez Canal , also known by the nickname "The Highway to India", is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction work, it allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigation...
	1953-06-18	Republic proclaimed	1961-09-28	De facto disestablishment of the United Arab Republic United Arab Republic The United Arab Republic , often abbreviated as the U.A.R., was a sovereign union between Egypt and Syria. The union began in 1958 and existed until 1961, when Syria seceded from the union. Egypt continued to be known officially as the "United Arab Republic" until 1971. The President was Gamal... following a military coup Haydar al-Kuzbari Haydar al-Kuzbari was a Syrian military officer and member of "The revolution High commander of army and armed forces."Kuzbari is a son of well known family which owned lands in Damascus. Historically, the Kuzbari family were scientists and lands owners. Haydar's father is sheikh Yaseen... in Damascus Damascus Damascus , commonly known in Syria as Al Sham , and as the City of Jasmine , is the capital and the second largest city of Syria after Aleppo, both are part of the country's 14 governorates. In addition to being one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Damascus is a major...
Russia	1990-06-12	Russian SFSR declares sovereignty over its own territory	1480	Grand Duchy of Muscovy secures its independence from the Golden Horde Golden Horde The Golden Horde was a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate that formed the north-western sector of the Mongol Empire...	1954-02-19	Transfer of Crimea Crimea Crimea , or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , is a sub-national unit, an autonomous republic, of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name... from Russia to Ukraine Ukrainian SSR The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or in short, the Ukrainian SSR was a sovereign Soviet Socialist state and one of the fifteen constituent republics of the Soviet Union lasting from its inception in 1922 to the breakup in 1991...
Turkey	1923-10-29	Turkey was declared as a republic.	1923-06-24	Treaty of Lausanne Treaty of Lausanne The Treaty of Lausanne was a peace treaty signed in Lausanne, Switzerland on 24 July 1923, that settled the Anatolian and East Thracian parts of the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. The treaty of Lausanne was ratified by the Greek government on 11 February 1924, by the Turkish government on 31... recognizes the new Turkish state as the successor state of the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...	1939-06-29	Syrian province of Iskanderun transferred by French Mandatory Government to Turkey. Annexed by Turkey as Hatay State

Sortable list

In this list, "date of last subordination" refers to the last date of control by an external government. In some cases this is the same as the date of independence marking decolonization

Decolonization

Decolonization refers to the undoing of colonialism, the unequal relation of polities whereby one people or nation establishes and maintains dependent Territory over another...

or dissolution of a political union

Political union

A political union is a type of state which is composed of or created out of smaller states. Unlike a personal union, the individual states share a common government and the union is recognized internationally as a single political entity...

. In other cases, a sovereign state submitted to foreign military occupation

Military occupation

Military occupation occurs when the control and authority over a territory passes to a hostile army. The territory then becomes occupied territory.-Military occupation and the laws of war:...

or political subjugation for a period of time and later regained its independence.

Dates refer to de facto rule or occupation, including partial occupation during conflicts, whether or not legitimized by international recognition.

In a union such as Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union, or the Kalmar Union, one of the constituents can be considered the dominant power - generally where the seat of government was located. The United Kingdom is a particularly complicated case. If England is viewed as the dominant member, then history can be traced from Roman conquest, Saxon invasions, 10th century unification, and 1066 Norman Conquest before the union of England and Scotland in 1707. However, if viewed from a Scottish perspective, an unbroken history of sovereignty can be traced from 843 unification through 1707 union with England (with a brief annexation by England

Tender of Union

The Tender of Union was a declaration of the Parliament of England during the Interregnum following the War of the Three Kingdoms stating that Scotland would cease to have an independent parliament and would join England in its emerging Commonwealth republic....

1657-1660). Some Scots view the 1707 union as a ceding of sovereignty to England. (See discussion archive.)

Country	First acquisition of sovereignty	Date of last subordination	Previous governing power	Notes
Afghanistan			Soviet Union Soviet Union The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....	Occupied in 2001 War in Afghanistan (2001–present) The War in Afghanistan began on October 7, 2001, as the armed forces of the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Australia, and the Afghan United Front launched Operation Enduring Freedom... by US-led forces, but these were in support of the UN-recognized Islamic State of Afghanistan Islamic State of Afghanistan The Islamic State of Afghanistan was the name of the state of Afghanistan after the collapse of the communist regime, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, in 1992. In 1996, the country was renamed the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan by the Taliban, after seizing control of the majority of the... (the Northern Alliance Northern Alliance The Afghan Northern Alliance is a military-political umbrella organization created by the Islamic State of Afghanistan in 1996.Northern Alliance may also refer to:*Northern Alliance , a Canadian white supremacist group... ); Hamid Karzai Hamid Karzai Hamid Karzai, GCMG is the 12th and current President of Afghanistan, taking office on 7 December 2004. He became a dominant political figure after the removal of the Taliban regime in late 2001... was chosen at the 2001 International Conference on Afghanistan to lead the Afghan Interim Authority, and subsequently elected President President of Afghanistan Afghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of kings, emirs or shahs... in 2004. Previously occupied by India, Persia, Bokhara, Russia and UK, until 1919 Treaty of Rawalpindi Treaty of Rawalpindi The Treaty of Rawalpindi was an armistice made between the United Kingdom and Afghanistan during the Third Anglo-Afghan War...
Albania

}
|
| Germany
| Unified

League of Lezhë

The League of Lezhë was an alliance of Albanian Principalities forged in Lezhë on the 2nd of March 1444. It was initiated and organised by Skanderbeg with the aim of uniting the Albanian principalities that had been founded in the 12th - 14th centuries, to fight the Ottoman Armies...

1444 under Skanderbeg

Skanderbeg

George Kastrioti Skanderbeg or Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu , widely known as Skanderbeg , was a 15th-century Albanian lord. He was appointed as the governor of the Sanjak of Dibra by the Ottomans in 1440...

. Occupied by Ottoman Empire

History of Ottoman Albania

The land that is today Albania was controlled by the Ottoman Empire from 1481 until 1912.-Ottoman Rule:The Ottoman Turks expanded their empire from Anatolia to the Balkans in the 14th century. They crossed the Bosporus in 1352, and in 1389 they crushed a Serbian army in the Battle of Kosovo...

ca 1480-1912

Albanian Declaration of Independence

The Albanian Declaration of Independence is the declaration of independence of the Albanian Vilayet from the Ottoman Empire. Albania was proclaimed independent in Vlorë on November 28, 1912.-Background:...

, by Italy

Albania under Italy

The Albanian Kingdom existed as a protectorate of the Kingdom of Italy. It was practically a union between Italy and Albania, officially led by Italy's King Victor Emmanuel III and its government: Albania was led by Italian governors, after being militarily occupied by Italy, from 1939 until 1943...

1939-43, and by Germany

Albania under Nazi Germany

The Albanian Kingdom existed as a de jure independent country, between 1943 and 1944. The usual de facto name in most of the historic German literature and documents is Großalbanien, sometimes Gross-Albanien...

1943-44.
|-
|

Angola
|
|
| Portugal
| Alvor Agreement

Alvor Agreement

The Alvor Agreement, signed on January 15, 1975, granted Angola independence from Portugal on November 11, ending the war for independence while marking the transition to civil war...

|-
|

Argentina
|
|
| Spain
| Congress of Tucumán

Congress of Tucumán

The Congress of Tucumán was the representative assembly, initially meeting in Tucumán, that declared the independence of the United Provinces of South America on July 9, 1816, from the Spanish Empire....

|-
|

Armenia
|
|
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

| First independent as Kingdom of Armenia 190 BC – 428 AD
|-
|

Australia
|
|
| United Kingdom
| Dominion

Dominion

A dominion, often Dominion, refers to one of a group of autonomous polities that were nominally under British sovereignty, constituting the British Empire and British Commonwealth, beginning in the latter part of the 19th century. They have included Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Newfoundland,...

status 1902, Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942

Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942

The Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 is an Act of the Australian Parliament that formally adopted the Statute of Westminster 1931, an Act of the British Imperial Parliament enabling the legislative independence of the various self-governing Dominions of the British Empire...

.
|-
|

Austria
|
|
| World War II Allies

Allies of World War II

The Allies of World War II were the countries that opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War . Former Axis states contributing to the Allied victory are not considered Allied states...

| Austrian State Treaty

Austrian State Treaty

The Austrian State Treaty or Austrian Independence Treaty re-established Austria as a sovereign state. It was signed on May 15, 1955, in Vienna at the Schloss Belvedere among the Allied occupying powers and the Austrian government...

. Previously occupied by Germany.
|-
|

Azerbaijan
|
|
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

|
|-
|

Bahrain
|
|
| United Kingdom
| Previously ruled by Portugal, by Iran, and by Oman

1717 Omani invasion of Bahrain

In 1717 the Sultanate of Oman invaded Bahrain bringing an end to a 115 year rulership by the eroding Safavid dynasty. Following the Afghan invasion of Iran at the beginning of the eighteenth century which weakened the stronghold of the Safavids, the Omani forces were able to undermine Bahrain and...

.
|-
|

Belarus
|
|
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

|
|-
|

Bhutan
|
| (none)
| -none-
| Autonomous since at least the 10th century. Unified 1634, after the Battle of Five Lamas

Battle of Five Lamas

The Battle of Five Lamas was a battle in 1634 in which Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal prevailed over the Tibetan and Bhutanese forces allied against him...

.
|-
|

Bolivia
|
|
| Spain
| 1836-39 as dominant partner in Peru–Bolivian Confederation, governed from Tacna

Tacna

- Rail :Tacna is served by a cross-border standard gauge railway to Arica, Chile.It is also the location of the National Railway Museum of Peru.-Air:Tacna is served by the Crnl. FAP...

, Peru.
|-
|

Kingdom of Bulgaria
|
|
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

| Previously occupied by Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...

(1018–1185) and Ottoman Empire (1393-1878)
|-
|

Cambodia
|
|
| Vietnam
| Khmer Empire

Khmer Empire

The Khmer Empire was one of the most powerful empires in Southeast Asia. The empire, which grew out of the former kingdom of Chenla, at times ruled over and/or vassalized parts of modern-day Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Burma, and Malaysia. Its greatest legacy is Angkor, the site of the capital city...

founded 802 according to Sdok Kok Thom Inscription
|-
|

Canada
|
|
| United Kingdom
| Dominion

Dominion

status 1867, Statute of Westminster

Statute of Westminster 1931

The Statute of Westminster 1931 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Passed on 11 December 1931, the Act established legislative equality for the self-governing dominions of the British Empire with the United Kingdom...

1931.
|-
|

People's Republic of China
|
|
| Mongol Empire

Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire , initially named as Greater Mongol State was a great empire during the 13th and 14th centuries...

| Unified 221 BC under Qin Dynasty

Qin Dynasty

The Qin Dynasty was the first imperial dynasty of China, lasting from 221 to 207 BC. The Qin state derived its name from its heartland of Qin, in modern-day Shaanxi. The strength of the Qin state was greatly increased by the legalist reforms of Shang Yang in the 4th century BC, during the Warring...

. Part of the Mongol Empire under the Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty

The Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was a ruling dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who ruled most of present-day China, all of modern Mongolia and its surrounding areas, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. It is considered both as a division of the Mongol Empire and as an...

from 1279 Battle of Yamen

Battle of Yamen

The naval Battle of Yamen took place on 19 March 1279 and is considered to be the last stand of the Song Dynasty against the invading Mongol-controlled Yuan Dynasty...

until 1368. Partial occupation by Japan

Second Sino-Japanese War

The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. From 1937 to 1941, China fought Japan with some economic help from Germany , the Soviet Union and the United States...

, 1937-1945.
|-
|

Colombia
|
|
| Spain
| Battle of Boyacá

Battle of Boyacá

The Battle of Boyacá in Colombia, then known as New Granada, was the battle in which Colombia acquired its definitive independence from Spanish Monarchy, although fighting with royalist forces would continue for years....

1819
|-
|

Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
|
| Belgium
| 1885 Berlin Conference

Berlin Conference

The Berlin Conference of 1884–85 regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power...

established Congo Free State

Congo Free State

The Congo Free State was a large area in Central Africa which was privately controlled by Leopold II, King of the Belgians. Its origins lay in Leopold's attracting scientific, and humanitarian backing for a non-governmental organization, the Association internationale africaine...

as sovereign entity (private domain of King Leopold of Belgium); annexed to Belgium 1908-1960.
|-
|

Costa Rica
|
|
| Federal Republic of Central America

Federal Republic of Central America

The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain...

| Previously part of Mexico 1822-23 and a colony of Spain before 1821.
|-
|

Independent State of Croatia
|
|
| Yugoslavia
| Croats

Croats

Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...

came to Roman Dalmatia

Dalmatia (Roman province)

Dalmatia was an ancient Roman province. Its name is probably derived from the name of an Illyrian tribe called the Dalmatae which lived in the area of the eastern Adriatic coast in Classical antiquity....

as free people from White Croatia

White Croatia

White Croatia is a vaguely defined area, said to lie somewhere in Central Europe, near Bavaria, beyond Hungary on south of Poland and west of Ukraine, and adjacent to the Frankish Empire from which the part of White Croats crossed the Carpathians and migrated in the 7th century into Dalmatia...

in the early 7th century.
|-
|

Cuba
|
|
| United States
| A colony of Spain

Chronology of Colonial Cuba

The brief historical Chronology of the colonial time of Cuba is about the Spanish colonial period in Cuba, and the efforts to obtain independence from the Spanish Empire...

until 1898, then occupied but not annexed by USA 1899-1902.
|-
|

Czech Republic
|
|
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

| Unified under Boleslaus I who acceded to the throne in 935. Successor to Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...

, previously occupied by Germany and the USSR.
|-
|

Ecuador
|
|
| Gran Colombia

Gran Colombia

Gran Colombia is a name used today for the state that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern Central America from 1819 to 1831. This short-lived republic included the territories of present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, northern Peru and northwest Brazil. The...

| Previously a colony of Spain
|-
|

Egypt
|
|
| United Kingdom
| Unified in 3100 BC by Pharaoh Menes

Menes

Menes was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the early dynastic period, credited by classical tradition with having united Upper and Lower Egypt, and as the founder of the first dynasty ....

or probably Narmer

Narmer

Narmer was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period . He is thought to be the successor to the Protodynastic pharaohs Scorpion and/or Ka, and he is considered by some to be the unifier of Egypt and founder of the First Dynasty, and therefore the first pharaoh of unified Egypt.The...

, founder of the First Dynasty

First dynasty of Egypt

The first dynasty of Ancient Egypt is often combined with the Dynasty II under the group title, Early Dynastic Period of Egypt...

. Conquered at various times by Achaemenid

Achaemenid Empire

The Achaemenid Empire , sometimes known as First Persian Empire and/or Persian Empire, was founded in the 6th century BCE by Cyrus the Great who overthrew the Median confederation...

, Macedonian, Roman

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....

, Arab/Islamic

Rashidun Caliphate

The Rashidun Caliphate , comprising the first four caliphs in Islam's history, was founded after Muhammad's death in 632, Year 10 A.H.. At its height, the Caliphate extended from the Arabian Peninsula, to the Levant, Caucasus and North Africa in the west, to the Iranian highlands and Central Asia...

, Ottoman

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...

, and Napoleonic

First French Empire

The First French Empire , also known as the Greater French Empire or Napoleonic Empire, was the empire of Napoleon I of France...

Empires.
|-
|

El Salvador
|
|
| Greater Republic of Central America
| Previously a part of the Federal Republic of Central America

Federal Republic of Central America

1823-38, Mexico 1822-23, and a colony of Spain before 1821.
|-
|

Estonia
|
|
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

| Previously occupied by Denmark, Sweden, Poland, Russia, and Germany.
|-
|

Ethiopia
|
|
| United Kingdom
| Aksumite Empire

Aksumite Empire

The Kingdom of Aksum or Axum, also known as the Aksumite Empire, was an important trading nation in northeastern Africa, growing from the proto-Aksumite Iron Age period ca. 4th century BC to achieve prominence by the 1st century AD...

founded ca 50. Occupied 1936-1941 by Italy, then administered by UK until 1944 Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement

Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement

The Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement was a joint effort between Ethiopia and the United Kingdom at reestablishing Ethiopian independent statehood following the ousting of Italian troops by combined British and Ethiopian forces in 1941 during World War II....

.
|-
|

Finland
|
|
| Russian Empire

Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...

|
|-
|

Early Modern France
|
|
| Germany
| 843 Treaty of Verdun

Treaty of Verdun

The Treaty of Verdun was a treaty between the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, the son and successor of Charlemagne, which divided the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms...

established West Francia.
|-
|

Georgia (country)
|
|
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

|
|-
|

Germany
|
|
| World War II Allies
| Unified

Unification of Germany

The formal unification of Germany into a politically and administratively integrated nation state officially occurred on 18 January 1871 at the Versailles Palace's Hall of Mirrors in France. Princes of the German states gathered there to proclaim Wilhelm of Prussia as Emperor Wilhelm of the German...

in 1871. Occupied 1945-1955 until ratification of Bonn–Paris conventions.
|-
|

Honduras
|
|
| United States
| Occupied several times by USA. Previously a part of the Greater Republic of Central America 1896-98, the Federal Republic of Central America

Federal Republic of Central America

1823-38, Mexico 1822-23 and a colony of Spain before 1821.
|-
|

Hungary
|
|
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

| Principality of Hungary

Principality of Hungary

The Principality of Hungary, also Hungarian Principality or Duchy of Hungary , was the first documented Hungarian state, a tribal alliance in the Carpathian Basin, established 895 or 896, following the 9th-century Magyar invasion of Pannonia.The Magyars , a semi-nomadic group of people led by Árpád...

founded 895. Ruled by Austria-Hungary before 1918.
|-
|

Iceland
|
|
| United States
| Settled c. 900. Ruled by Danish monarchs from 1380 to 1944, though a Norwegian possession from 1262 to 1814. Regained sovereignty in 1918 as Kingdom of Iceland

Kingdom of Iceland

The Kingdom of Iceland was a constitutional monarchy lasting from 1 December 1918 until 17 June 1944, when the republic was proclaimed.- Origins in Danish rule :...

, current republic founded 1944. Previously occupied by the United Kingdom 1940-41, and the United States from 1941 until withdrawal in 1946.
|-
|

India
|
|
| United Kingdom
| First Indian Empire by Chandragupta Maurya

Chandragupta Maurya

Chandragupta Maurya , was the founder of the Maurya Empire. Chandragupta succeeded in conquering most of the Indian subcontinent. Chandragupta is considered the first unifier of India and its first genuine emperor...

founder of Maurya Empire

Maurya Empire

The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in ancient India, ruled by the Mauryan dynasty from 321 to 185 BC...

, then Gupta Empire

Gupta Empire

The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire which existed approximately from 320 to 550 CE and covered much of the Indian Subcontinent. Founded by Maharaja Sri-Gupta, the dynasty was the model of a classical civilization. The peace and prosperity created under leadership of Guptas enabled the...

320 A.D, then Mughal Empire

Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire ,‎ or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids...

in 1527, then British Raj

British Raj

British Raj was the British rule in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947; The term can also refer to the period of dominion...

since 1857 until Independence.
|-
|

Iran
|
|
| Timurid Empire Turkmen

Turkmen people

The Turkmen are a Turkic people located primarily in the Central Asian states of Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and northeastern Iran. They speak the Turkmen language, which is classified as a part of the Western Oghuz branch of the Turkic languages family together with Turkish, Azerbaijani, Qashqai,...

states
| Proto-Elamite in Early Bronze Age (3200 B.C.). First formation of a civilized state by Cyrus the Great

Cyrus the Great

Cyrus II of Persia , commonly known as Cyrus the Great, also known as Cyrus the Elder, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire. Under his rule, the empire embraced all the previous civilized states of the ancient Near East, expanded vastly and eventually conquered most of Southwest Asia and much...

in Persian Empire (559 BC), then the second Persian Empire by Sassanid Dynasty. Reunification by Safavid Dynasty

Safavid dynasty

The Safavid dynasty was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran. They ruled one of the greatest Persian empires since the Muslim conquest of Persia and established the Twelver school of Shi'a Islam as the official religion of their empire, marking one of the most important turning...

(1501).
|-
|

Republic of Ireland
|
|
| United Kingdom
| Independence declared

Declaration of Independence (Ireland)

The Declaration of Independence was a document adopted by Dáil Éireann, the revolutionary parliament of the Irish Republic, at its first meeting in the Mansion House, Dublin, on 21 January 1919. It followed from the Sinn Féin election manifesto of December 1918...

1919, Dominion

Dominion

status 1922, Statute of Westminster

Statute of Westminster 1931

1931, declared a republic

Republic of Ireland Act

The Republic of Ireland Act 1948 is an Act of the Oireachtas which declared the Irish state to be a republic, and vested in the President of Ireland the power to exercise the executive authority of the state in its external relations, on the advice of the Government of Ireland...

1948.
|-
|

Italy
|
|
| World War II Allies
| Unified

Italian unification

Italian unification was the political and social movement that agglomerated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century...

in 1861.
|-
|

Japan
|
|
| World War II Allies
| Founded 660 BC by Emperor Jimmu

Emperor Jimmu

was the first Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He is also known as Kamuyamato Iwarebiko and personally as Wakamikenu no Mikoto or Sano no Mikoto....

according to legend. Unified state emerged during the Kofun period

Kofun period

The is an era in the history of Japan from around 250 to 538. It follows the Yayoi period. The word kofun is Japanese for the type of burial mounds dating from this era. The Kofun and the subsequent Asuka periods are sometimes referred to collectively as the Yamato period...

c. 400 AD. 1952 Treaty of San Francisco

Treaty of San Francisco

The Treaty of Peace with Japan , between Japan and part of the Allied Powers, was officially signed by 48 nations on September 8, 1951, at the War Memorial Opera House in San Francisco, California...

ended postwar occupation.
|-
|

Jordan
|
|
| Arab Federation

Arab federation

Arab federation can mean:* Arab Federation, a confederation between Iraq and Jordan * Arab League, a regional organization of Arab States in the Middle East and North Africa....

| Part of Arab Federation

Arab federation

Arab federation can mean:* Arab Federation, a confederation between Iraq and Jordan * Arab League, a regional organization of Arab States in the Middle East and North Africa....

Feb-Aug 1958 governed from Baghdad, Iraq. Previously ruled by Persian, Roman, Islamic, and Ottoman Empires; UK, etc.
|-
|

Kazakhstan
|
|
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

|
|-
|

Kyrgyzstan
|
|
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

|
|-
|

Latvia
|
|
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

| Previously ruled by Lithuania, Sweden, and Russia
|-
|

Liberia
|
|
| American Colonization Society

American Colonization Society

The American Colonization Society , founded in 1816, was the primary vehicle to support the "return" of free African Americans to what was considered greater freedom in Africa. It helped to found the colony of Liberia in 1821–22 as a place for freedmen...

| Settled but not claimed by USA
|-
|

Libya
|
|
| United Kingdom and France
| Previously occupied by Italy

History of Libya as Italian Colony

The History of Libya as an Italian colony began in the 1910s and lasted until February 1947, when Italy officially lost all the colonies of the former Italian Empire.-First years:...

and by Ottoman Empire

History of Ottoman Libya

The coastal region of what is today Libya was ruled by the Ottoman Empire from 1551 to 1911, from 1864 as the Vilayet of Tripolitania . It was also known as the Kingdom of Tripoli, even though it was not technically a kingdom, but an Ottoman province ruled by pashas , as the Karamanli dynasty...

|-
|

Liechtenstein
|
|
| German Confederation

German Confederation

The German Confederation was the loose association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to coordinate the economies of separate German-speaking countries. It acted as a buffer between the powerful states of Austria and Prussia...

| Previously subject to the Confederation of the Rhine

Confederation of the Rhine

The Confederation of the Rhine was a confederation of client states of the First French Empire. It was formed initially from 16 German states by Napoleon after he defeated Austria's Francis II and Russia's Alexander I in the Battle of Austerlitz. The Treaty of Pressburg, in effect, led to the...

. Formed 1719 from Vaduz

Vaduz

Vaduz is the capital of the principality of Liechtenstein and the seat of the national parliament. The town, located along the Rhine, has about 5,100 inhabitants , most of whom are Roman Catholic. Its cathedral is the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishop....

and Schellenberg

Schellenberg

Schellenberg is a municipality in the lowland area of Liechtenstein, on the banks of the Rhine. , it has a population of 952 and covers an area of .-Early history:...

, but under the Holy Roman Empire

Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...

.
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Lithuania
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| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

| Kingdom of Lithuania

Kingdom of Lithuania

The Kingdom of Lithuania was a Lithuanian monarchy which existed from 1251 to roughly 1263. King Mindaugas was the first and only crowned king of Lithuania. The status of a kingdom was lost after Mindaugas' assassination in 1263. Other monarchs of Lithuania are referred to as Grand Dukes, even...

; Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania

Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania

The Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania or Act of March 11 was an independence declaration by the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic adopted on March 11, 1990...

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Luxembourg
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| Germany
| Independent from France 1815 but in personal union

Personal union

A personal union is the combination by which two or more different states have the same monarch while their boundaries, their laws and their interests remain distinct. It should not be confused with a federation which is internationally considered a single state...

with Netherlands until 1890
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Malaysia
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| United Kingdom
|The Federation of Malaya

Federation of Malaya

The Federation of Malaya is the name given to a federation of 11 states that existed from 31 January 1948 until 16 September 1963. The Federation became independent on 31 August 1957...

gained independence in 1957; in 1963 it added territories of Sabah

Sabah

Sabah is one of 13 member states of Malaysia. It is located on the northern portion of the island of Borneo. It is the second largest state in the country after Sarawak, which it borders on its southwest. It also shares a border with the province of East Kalimantan of Indonesia in the south...

and Sarawak

Sarawak

Sarawak is one of two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. Known as Bumi Kenyalang , Sarawak is situated on the north-west of the island. It is the largest state in Malaysia followed by Sabah, the second largest state located to the North- East.The administrative capital is Kuching, which...

and changed its name to Malaysia.
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Maldives
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| United Kingdom
| Unified according to legend by King Koimala

Koimala

Koimala Siri Mahaabarana Mahaa Radun or Koimala or Koimala Kalo is a legend about the first king of all the Maldive Islands.-Versions of the legend:Some versions of the legend claim that it refers to the first ruler of the Maldives...

(1117-1141). Independent sultanate until 1887, when it became a British protectorate.
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Mali
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| Mali Federation

Mali Federation

The Mali Federation was a country in West Africa. It was formed by a union between Senegal and the Sudanese Republic...

| Mali Empire

Mali Empire

The Mali Empire or Mandingo Empire or Manden Kurufa was a West African empire of the Mandinka from c. 1230 to c. 1600. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Mansa Musa I...

ca. 1230. A colony of France

French Sudan

French Sudan was a colony in French West Africa that had two separate periods of existence, first from 1890 to 1899, then from 1920 to 1960, when the territory became the independent nation of Mali.-Colonial establishment:...

1890-1960, then part of Mali Federation

Mali Federation

The Mali Federation was a country in West Africa. It was formed by a union between Senegal and the Sudanese Republic...

governed from Dakar, Senegal.
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Marshall Islands
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| United States
| Compact of Free Association

Compact of Free Association

The Compact of Free Association defines the relationship that three sovereign states—the Federated States of Micronesia , the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau—have entered into as associated states with the United States.Now sovereign nations, the three freely associated...

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Mauritius
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| United Kingdom
| Previously controlled by the Netherlands

Dutch Mauritius

Mauritius was an official settlement of the Dutch East India Company on the island of Mauritius between 1638 and 1710, and used a refreshing station for passing ships...

and France.
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Mexico
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| France
| Parts of northern Mexico continued under control of Benito Juárez

Benito Juárez

Benito Juárez born Benito Pablo Juárez García, was a Mexican lawyer and politician of Zapotec origin from Oaxaca who served five terms as president of Mexico: 1858–1861 as interim, 1861–1865, 1865–1867, 1867–1871 and 1871–1872...

Compact of Free Association

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Moldova
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| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

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Mongolia
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| China
| Mongol Empire

Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire , initially named as Greater Mongol State was a great empire during the 13th and 14th centuries...

formed 1206; occupied by China during Qing Dynasty (1635–1911) and Republic of China

Occupation of Mongolia

The Occupation of Mongolia by the Beiyang Government of the Republic of China began in October 1919 and lasted until early 1921, when Chinese troops in Urga were routed by Baron Ungern's White Russian and Mongolian forces, who, in turn, were defeated by the Red Army and its Mongolian allies by...

(1919–1921)
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Kingdom of Montenegro
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| Serbia and Montenegro

Serbia and Montenegro

Serbia and Montenegro was a country in southeastern Europe, formed from two former republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia : Serbia and Montenegro. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, it was established in 1992 as a federation called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...

| Duklja

Duklja

Doclea or Duklja was a medieval state with hereditary lands roughly encompassing the territories of present-day southeastern Montenegro, from Kotor on the west to the river Bojana on the east and to the sources of Zeta and Morača rivers on the north....

gained its independence from the Byzantine Empire in 1042. Independent from Ottoman Empire in 1878, union with Serbia/Yugoslavia

Podgorica Assembly

The Podgorica Assembly , in full the Great National Assembly of the Serb People in Montenegro , was an assembly held in Podgorica that served as the representative body of the Montenegrin people during the...

1918-2006. Occupied by Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Germany.
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Morocco
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| France
| Kingdom of Mauretania

Mauretania

Mauretania is a part of the historical Ancient Libyan land in North Africa. It corresponds to present day Morocco and a part of western Algeria...

110 BC–40 AD. Later occupations by Roman Empire

Mauretania Tingitana

Mauretania Tingitana was a Roman province located in northwestern Africa, coinciding roughly with the northern part of present-day Morocco. The province extended from the northern peninsula, opposite Gibraltar, to Chellah and Volubilis to the south, and as far east as the Oued Laou river. Its...

, Umayyad Caliphate, Spain and France.
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Myanmar
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| United Kingdom
| Pagan Kingdom

Pagan Kingdom

The Pagan Kingdom or Pagan Dynasty was the first kingdom to unify the regions that would later constitute the modern-day Burma...

founded 849. Occupied by Japan 1942-1945
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Nauru
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| Australia/New Zealand/United Kingdom
| Previously occupied by Germany

German New Guinea

German New Guinea was the first part of the German colonial empire. It was a protectorate from 1884 until 1914 when it fell to Australia following the outbreak of the First World War. It consisted of the northeastern part of New Guinea and several nearby island groups...

1888, Australia 1914, Japan

Japanese occupation of Nauru

The Japanese occupation of Nauru is the period of three years during which Nauru, a Pacific island was occupied by the Japanese army as part of the operations of the Pacific War during World War II...

1942
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Nepal
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| (none)
| -none-
| Autonomous throughout its recorded history, and certainly since its 1768 unification

Unification of Nepal

-Early rulers:Nepal's recorded history began with the Kiratis, who arrived in the 7th or 8th century BCE from the east to Kathmandu valley. Little is known about them, other than their deftness as sheep farmers and fondness for carrying long knives. The Kirats ruled for about 1225 years , their...

.
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New Zealand
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| United Kingdom
| Dominion

Dominion

status 1907, Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947

Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947

The Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947 was a constitutional Act of the New Zealand Parliament that formally accepted the full external autonomy offered by the British Parliament...

.
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Nicaragua
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| United States
| Previously a part of the Greater Republic of Central America 1896-98, the Federal Republic of Central America

Federal Republic of Central America

1823-38, Mexico 1822-23, and a colony of Spain before 1821.
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North Korea
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| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

| Gojoseon

Gojoseon

Gojoseon was an ancient Korean kingdom. Go , meaning "ancient," distinguishes it from the later Joseon Dynasty; Joseon, as it is called in contemporaneous writings, is also romanized as Chosŏn....

established in 24th century BC according to legend.. Modern state established 1948 after Soviet occupation since 1945. Previously occupied by Japan

Korea under Japanese rule

Korea was under Japanese rule as part of Japan's 35-year imperialist expansion . Japanese rule ended in 1945 shortly after the Japanese defeat in World War II....

(1910–1945).
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Norway
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| Germany
| Unified ca 872 at Battle of Hafrsfjord

Battle of Hafrsfjord

The Battle of Hafrsfjord has traditionally been regarded as the battle in which western Norway for the first time was unified under one monarch.The national monument of Haraldshaugen was raised in 1872, to commemorate the Battle of Hafrsfjord...

. For a long time in unions with Denmark

Denmark–Norway

Denmark–Norway is the historiographical name for a former political entity consisting of the kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, including the originally Norwegian dependencies of Iceland, Greenland and the Faroe Islands...

and with Sweden

Union between Sweden and Norway

The Union between Sweden and Norway , officially the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, consisted of present-day Sweden and Norway between 1814 and 1905, when they were united under one monarch in a personal union....

(until 1905). Occupied by Germany

Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany

The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany started with the German invasion of Norway on April 9, 1940, and ended on May 8, 1945, after the capitulation of German forces in Europe. Throughout this period, Norway was continuously occupied by the Wehrmacht...

1940-45.
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Oman
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| Persia
| Previously occupied by Great Seljuq Empire

Great Seljuq Empire

The Great Seljuq Empire was a medieval Persianate, Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim empire, originating from the Qynyq branch of Oghuz Turks. The Seljuq Empire controlled a vast area stretching from the Hindu Kush to eastern Anatolia and from Central Asia to the Persian Gulf...

, Ottoman Empire, Portugal (1508–1650), etc.
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Pakistan
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| United Kingdom
| Previously a colony of the British Empire

British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height, it was the...

.
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Panama
|
Below is a list of sovereign states by formation dates, sorted by continent. This list includes only the 194 sovereign states currently in existence; it does not include former sovereign states. For proposed states or various indigenous nations which consider themselves still under occupation, see list of active autonomist and secessionist movements. Micronations are not included in this list.

Nation-building

Nation-building

For nation-building in the sense of enhancing the capacity of state institutions, building state-society relations, and also external interventions see State-building....

Propaganda

Propaganda is a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position so as to benefit oneself or one's group....

Mythology

. In Europe, this often coincides with the ruler's conversion to Christianity

Christianity

Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings...

. For post-colonial nations, starting with the United States, the beginning of statehood is usually considered to be the date when independence

Independence

Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state in which its residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory....

was declared, granted and/or recognised.

Independence dates for widely recognised states, earlier than 1919, should be treated with caution, since prior to the founding of the League of Nations

League of Nations

United Nations

after the Second World War). See also: disputed territories.

The situation is further complicated by the confusion between two terms commonly used as synonym: nation

Nation

(generally considered an ethnic or cultural grouping) and state

Sovereign state

Africa

Country	Date	Birth of current form of government	Date	Date of acquisition of sovereignty	Date	Date of most recent significant territorial modification
Algeria			1962-07-03	French recognition of Algerian referendum on independence held two days earlier
Angola			1975-11-11	Independence from Portugal
Benin			1960-08-01	Independence from France	1894-01-15	Borders of French Protectorate of Dahomey set at conclusion of Second Franco-Dahomean War Second Franco-Dahomean War The Second Franco-Dahomean War, which raged from 1892 to 1894, was a major conflict between the French Third Republic, led by General Alfred-Amédée Dodds, and the Kingdom of Dahomey under King Béhanzin....
Botswana			1885-03-31	Establishment of the Bechuanaland Protectorate by the United Kingdom	1894	Extended north into Ngamiland
Botswana			1966-09-30	Independence from the United Kingdom	1894	Extended north into Ngamiland
Burkina Faso			1958-12-11	Self-government achieved and republic within Franco-African Community	1947-09-04	Restoration of colonial boundaries used from 1919–1932
Burkina Faso			1960-08-05	Independence from France	1947-09-04	Restoration of colonial boundaries used from 1919–1932
Burundi	1966-11-28	Monarchy replaced by republic	1962-07-01	Independence from Belgium
Cameroon			1960-01-01	Independence from France	1961-10-01	Merger of part of British Cameroons with Cameroon
Cape Verde			1975-07-05	Independence from Portugal
Central African Republic	1979	Monarchy replaced by republic	1958-12-01	Central African Republic becomes autonomous territory in French Republic
Central African Republic	1979	Monarchy replaced by republic	1960-08-13	Independence from France
Chad			1960-08-11	Independence from France	1994-02-03	Aouzou Strip awarded to Chad
Comoros			1975-07-06	Independence from France declared
Democratic Republic of the Congo			1884-04-22	Congo Free State Congo Free State The Congo Free State was a large area in Central Africa which was privately controlled by Leopold II, King of the Belgians. Its origins lay in Leopold's attracting scientific, and humanitarian backing for a non-governmental organization, the Association internationale africaine... recognized as an independent state
Democratic Republic of the Congo			1960-06-30	Independence from Belgium
Republic of the Congo			1960-08-15	Independence from France
Côte d'Ivoire			1958-12-04	Autonomous republic within French Community French Community The French Community was an association of states known in French simply as La Communauté. In 1958 it replaced the French Union, which had itself succeeded the French colonial empire in 1946....
Côte d'Ivoire			1960-08-07	Independence from France
Djibouti			1977-06-27	Independence from France
Equatorial Guinea			1968-10-12	Independence from Spain
Eritrea			1993-05-24	Independence from Ethiopia Ethiopia Ethiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2... declared United Nations Observer Mission to Verify the Referendum in Eritrea The UN Observer Mission to Verify the Referendum in Eritrea was established pursuant to General Assembly resolution 47/114 of 16 December 1992 and lasted until 25 April 1993...	2002-04-01	Badme Badme Badme is a town in the Horn of Africa and the focus of a territorial dispute between Eritrea and Ethiopia. It is claimed by both Eritrea, which considers Badme to be a part of Gash-Barka Zone, and Ethiopia, which considers Badme part of the Mirabawi Zone of the Tigray Region. This dispute was the... ruled to be Eritrean by the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC after the Eritrean-Ethiopian War Eritrean-Ethiopian War The Eritrean–Ethiopian War took place from May 1998 to June 2000 between Ethiopia and Eritrea, forming one of the conflicts in the Horn of Africa... ). Contested by Ethiopia
Ethiopia	1975-03-21	Monarchy abolished and replaced by republic	~800 B.C.	Formation of the state of D'mt	2002-04-01	Badme Badme Badme is a town in the Horn of Africa and the focus of a territorial dispute between Eritrea and Ethiopia. It is claimed by both Eritrea, which considers Badme to be a part of Gash-Barka Zone, and Ethiopia, which considers Badme part of the Mirabawi Zone of the Tigray Region. This dispute was the... ruled to be Eritrean by the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC after the Eritrean-Ethiopian War Eritrean-Ethiopian War The Eritrean–Ethiopian War took place from May 1998 to June 2000 between Ethiopia and Eritrea, forming one of the conflicts in the Horn of Africa... ). Contested by Ethiopia
Gabon			1960-08-17	Independence from France
The Gambia			1965-02-18	Independence from the United Kingdom
Ghana			1957-03-06	Independence from the United Kingdom	1956-12-13	Union of British Togoland British Togoland British Togoland was a League of Nations Class B mandate in West Africa, under the mandatory power of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the occupied German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First... with Gold Coast Gold Coast (British colony) The Gold Coast was a British colony on the Gulf of Guinea in west Africa that became the independent nation of Ghana in 1957.-Overview:The first Europeans to arrive at the coast were the Portuguese in 1471. They encountered a variety of African kingdoms, some of which controlled substantial...
Guinea			1958-10-02	Independence from France
Guinea-Bissau			1973-09-24	Independence from Portugal declared
Guinea-Bissau			1974-09-10	Independence from Portugal recognized
Kenya			1963-12-12	Independence from the United Kingdom
Lesotho			1966-10-04	Independence from the United Kingdom	1868-03-12	Area that is now present-day Lesotho placed under British rule
Liberia			1847-07-26	Independence from the United States
Libya	1969-09-01	Monarchy replaced by republic	1951-12-24	Independence from UN Trusteeship (British and French administration after Italian governance ends in 1947)	1984-02-13	Aouzou Strip awarded to Chad
Madagascar			1958-10-14	The Malagasy Republic was created as autonomous state within French Community French Community The French Community was an association of states known in French simply as La Communauté. In 1958 it replaced the French Union, which had itself succeeded the French colonial empire in 1946....
Madagascar			1960-06-26	France recognizes Madagascar's independence
Malawi			1964-07-06	Independence from the United Kingdom
Mali			1958-11-25	French Sudan French Sudan French Sudan was a colony in French West Africa that had two separate periods of existence, first from 1890 to 1899, then from 1920 to 1960, when the territory became the independent nation of Mali.-Colonial establishment:... gains autonomy	1960-08-20	Senegal Senegal Senegal , officially the Republic of Senegal , is a country in western Africa. It owes its name to the Sénégal River that borders it to the east and north... secedes from Mali Federation Mali Federation The Mali Federation was a country in West Africa. It was formed by a union between Senegal and the Sudanese Republic...
Mali			1960-09-22	Independence from France	1960-08-20
Mauritania			1960-11-28	Independence from France	1979-08-11	Mauritania withdraws from Tiris al-Gharbiyya Tiris al-Gharbiyya Tiris al-Gharbiyya was the Mauritanian name for the area of Western Sahara under its control between 1975 and 1979.-Background:... (part of Western Sahara Western Sahara Western Sahara is a disputed territory in North Africa, bordered by Morocco to the north, Algeria to the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Its surface area amounts to . It is one of the most sparsely populated territories in the world, mainly... )
Mauritius			1968-03-12	Independence from the United Kingdom	1965	Separation of Chagos Archipelago Chagos Archipelago The Chagos Archipelago , is a group of seven atolls comprising more than 60 individual tropical islands in the Indian Ocean; situated some due south of the Maldives archipelago. This chain of islands are the southernmost archipelago of the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge a long submarine mountain range...
Morocco	789	idrisid dynasty	1956-03-02	Independence from France	1969-01-04	Return of Ifni Ifni Ifni was a Spanish province on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, south of Agadir and across from the Canary Islands.It had a total area of 1,502 km² , and a population of 51,517 in 1964. The main industry was fishing.... to Morocco
Morocco	789	idrisid dynasty	1956-04-07	French protectorate formally relinquished	1969-01-04
Mozambique			1975-06-25	Independence from Portugal
Namibia			1990-03-21	Independence from South African rule	1994-03-01	Walvis Bay Walvis Bay Walvis Bay , is a city in Namibia and the name of the bay on which it lies... integrated into Namibia
Niger			1958-12-04	Autonomy within French Community French Community The French Community was an association of states known in French simply as La Communauté. In 1958 it replaced the French Union, which had itself succeeded the French colonial empire in 1946....
Niger			1960-08-03	Independence from France
Nigeria			1960-10-01	Independence from the United Kingdom	1970-01-15	Biafra Biafra Biafra, officially the Republic of Biafra, was a secessionist state in south-eastern Nigeria that existed from 30 May 1967 to 15 January 1970, taking its name from the Bight of Biafra . The inhabitants were mostly the Igbo people who led the secession due to economic, ethnic, cultural and religious... re-integrated into Nigeria
Nigeria			1960-10-01	Independence from the United Kingdom	1961-06-01	Northern Cameroons Cameroons British Cameroons was a British Mandate territory in West Africa, now divided between Nigeria and Cameroon.The area of present-day Cameroon was claimed by Germany as a protectorate during the "Scramble for Africa" at the end of the 19th century... integrated in Nigeria
Rwanda			1962-07-01	Independence from Belgium
São Tomé and Príncipe			1975-07-12	Independence from Portugal
Senegal			1960-08-20	Independence from France
Seychelles			1976-06-29	Independence from the United Kingdom
Sierra Leone			1961-04-27	Independence from the United Kingdom
Somalia			1960-07-01	Merger of State of Somaliland State of Somaliland The State of Somaliland was a short-lived independent state in the territory of modern-day Somalia.-History:In May 1960, the British Government stated that it would be prepared to grant independence to the then protectorate of British Somaliland, with the intention that the territory would unite... (formerly British Somaliland British Somaliland British Somaliland was a British protectorate in the northern part of present-day Somalia. For much of its existence, British Somaliland was bordered by French Somaliland, Ethiopia, and Italian Somaliland. From 1940 to 1941, it was occupied by the Italians and was part of Italian East Africa... ) and Italian Somaliland Italian Somaliland Italian Somaliland , also known as Italian Somalia, was a colony of the Kingdom of Italy from the 1880s until 1936 in the region of modern-day Somalia. Ruled in the 19th century by the Somali Sultanate of Hobyo and the Majeerteen Sultanate, the territory was later acquired by Italy through various...
South Africa	1910-05-31	Creation of the Union of South Africa Union of South Africa The Union of South Africa is the historic predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into being on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the previously separate colonies of the Cape, Natal, Transvaal and the Orange Free State... from the previously separate colonies of the Cape Cape Colony The Cape Colony, part of modern South Africa, was established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652, with the founding of Cape Town. It was subsequently occupied by the British in 1795 when the Netherlands were occupied by revolutionary France, so that the French revolutionaries could not take... , Natal Colony of Natal The Colony of Natal was a British colony in south-eastern Africa. It was proclaimed a British colony on May 4, 1843 after the British government had annexed the Boer Republic of Natalia, and on 31 May 1910 combined with three other colonies to form the Union of South Africa, as one of its... , Transvaal and Orange River Orange River Colony The Orange River Colony was the British colony created after this nation first occupied and then annexed the independent Orange Free State in the Second Boer War...	1931-12-11	Statute of Westminster Statute of Westminster 1931 The Statute of Westminster 1931 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Passed on 11 December 1931, the Act established legislative equality for the self-governing dominions of the British Empire with the United Kingdom... , which establishes a status of legislative equality between the self-governing dominion of the Union of South Africa Union of South Africa The Union of South Africa is the historic predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into being on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the previously separate colonies of the Cape, Natal, Transvaal and the Orange Free State... and the UK	1994-04-27	Reincorporation of the nominally independent bantustans into post-Apartheid South Africa
South Africa	1910-05-31		1961-05-31	Republic declared (South Africa no longer a Commonwealth realm Commonwealth Realm A Commonwealth realm is a sovereign state within the Commonwealth of Nations that has Elizabeth II as its monarch and head of state. The sixteen current realms have a combined land area of 18.8 million km² , and a population of 134 million, of which all, except about two million, live in the six... )	1994-04-27
'			2011-07-09	Separation of Southern Sudan from Sudan Sudan Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...
Sudan			1956-01-01	Independence from Egypt Egypt Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world... ian and British joint rule Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Anglo-Egyptian Sudan referred to the manner by which Sudan was administered between 1899 and 1956, when it was a condominium of Egypt and the United Kingdom.-Union with Egypt:...	2011-07-09	South Sudan South Sudan South Sudan , officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country located in the Sahel region of northeastern Africa. It is also part of the North Africa UN sub-region. Its current capital is Juba, which is also its largest city; the capital city is planned to be moved to the more... secedes from Sudan
Swaziland			1968-09-06	Independence from the United Kingdom
Tanzania			1961-12-09	Independence of Tanganyika Tanganyika Tanganyika , later formally the Republic of Tanganyika, was a sovereign state in East Africa from 1961 to 1964. It was situated between the Indian Ocean and the African Great Lakes of Lake Victoria, Lake Malawi and Lake Tanganyika... from the United Kingdom	1964-04-26	Merger of Zanzibar Zanzibar Zanzibar ,Persian: زنگبار, from suffix bār: "coast" and Zangi: "bruin" ; is a semi-autonomous part of Tanzania, in East Africa. It comprises the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of the mainland, and consists of numerous small islands and two large ones: Unguja , and Pemba... with Tanganyika Tanganyika Tanganyika , later formally the Republic of Tanganyika, was a sovereign state in East Africa from 1961 to 1964. It was situated between the Indian Ocean and the African Great Lakes of Lake Victoria, Lake Malawi and Lake Tanganyika... to form Tanzania
Togo			1958-08-30	Autonomy within French Union French Union The French Union was a political entity created by the French Fourth Republic to replace the old French colonial system, the "French Empire" and to abolish its "indigenous" status.-History:...
Togo			1960-04-27	Independence from France
Tunisia	1957-07-25	Declaration of Republic	1956-03-20	Independence from France
Uganda			1962-03-01	Self-government granted
Uganda			1962-10-09	Independence from the United Kingdom
Zambia			1964-10-24	Independence from the United Kingdom
Zimbabwe			1965-11-11	Unilateral declaration of independence Unilateral Declaration of Independence (Rhodesia) The Unilateral Declaration of Independence of Rhodesia from the United Kingdom was signed on November 11, 1965, by the administration of Ian Smith, whose Rhodesian Front party opposed black majority rule in the then British colony. Although it declared independence from the United Kingdom it... by Southern Rhodesia Southern Rhodesia Southern Rhodesia was the name of the British colony situated north of the Limpopo River and the Union of South Africa. From its independence in 1965 until its extinction in 1980, it was known as Rhodesia...	1901	BSAC separates North-Eastern Rhodesia North-Eastern Rhodesia North-Eastern Rhodesia in south central Africa was formed by and administered by the British South Africa Company as the other half, with North-Western Rhodesia, of the huge territory lying mainly north of the Zambezi River into which it expanded its charter in 1891... from Southern Rhodesia
Zimbabwe			1980-04-18	Recognized independence from the United Kingdom as Zimbabwe	1901

The Americas

Country	Date	Birth of current form of government	Date	Date of acquisition of sovereignty	Date	Date of most recent significant territorial modification
Antigua and Barbuda			1981-11-01	Independence from the United Kingdom
Argentina			1810-05-25	May Revolution May Revolution The May Revolution was a week-long series of events that took place from May 18 to 25, 1810, in Buenos Aires, capital of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, a Spanish colony that included roughly the territories of present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay... installs first local government	1884-10-18	Conquest of the Desert Conquest of the Desert The Conquest of the Desert was a military campaign directed mainly by General Julio Argentino Roca in the 1870s, which established Argentine dominance over Patagonia, which was inhabited by indigenous peoples...
Argentina			1816-07-09	Argentine Declaration of Independence Argentine Declaration of Independence What today is commonly referred as the Independence of Argentina was declared on July 9, 1816 by the Congress of Tucumán. In reality, the congressmen that were assembled in Tucumán declared the independence of the United Provinces of South America, which is still today one of the legal names of the...	1884-10-18
The Bahamas			1964-01-07	Internal self-governance granted
The Bahamas			1973-07-10	Independence from the United Kingdom
Barbados			1966-11-30	Independence from the United Kingdom
Belize			1981-09-21	Independence from the United Kingdom	1859	Treaty establishes border between British Honduras British Honduras British Honduras was a British colony that is now the independent nation of Belize.First colonised by Spaniards in the 17th century, the territory on the east coast of Central America, south of Mexico, became a British crown colony from 1862 until 1964, when it became self-governing. Belize became... and Guatemala Guatemala Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast...
Belize			1964-01-01	Self governing colony	1859
Bolivia	1809-05-25		1825-08-06	Bolivian War of Independence	1903-11-11	Signing of the Treaty of Petrópolis Treaty of Petrópolis The Treaty of Petrópolis, signed on November 11, 1903, ended tensions between Bolivia and Brazil over the then-Bolivian territory of Acre , a desirable territory during the contemporary rubber boom.... with Brazil whereby Bolivia gained lands in Mato Grosso Mato Grosso Mato Grosso is one of the states of Brazil, the third largest in area, located in the western part of the country.Neighboring states are Rondônia, Amazonas, Pará, Tocantins, Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul. It also borders Bolivia to the southwest... in exchange for the territory of Acre Acre (state) Acre is one of the 27 states of Brazil. It is situated in the southwest of the Northern Region, bordering Amazonas to the north, Rondônia to the east, Bolivia to the southeast and the Ucayali Region of Peru to the south and west. It occupies an area of 152,581.4 km2, being slightly smaller...
Brazil	1889-11-15	Proclamation of the Republic	1822-09-07	Independence from Portugal Kingdom of Portugal The Kingdom of Portugal was Portugal's general designation under the monarchy. The kingdom was located in the west of the Iberian Peninsula, Europe and existed from 1139 to 1910... declared	1903-11-11	Signing of the Treaty of Petrópolis Treaty of Petrópolis The Treaty of Petrópolis, signed on November 11, 1903, ended tensions between Bolivia and Brazil over the then-Bolivian territory of Acre , a desirable territory during the contemporary rubber boom.... with Bolivia Bolivia Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America... whereby Brazil was given the territory of Acre Acre (state) Acre is one of the 27 states of Brazil. It is situated in the southwest of the Northern Region, bordering Amazonas to the north, Rondônia to the east, Bolivia to the southeast and the Ucayali Region of Peru to the south and west. It occupies an area of 152,581.4 km2, being slightly smaller... in exchange for lands in Mato Grosso Mato Grosso Mato Grosso is one of the states of Brazil, the third largest in area, located in the western part of the country.Neighboring states are Rondônia, Amazonas, Pará, Tocantins, Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul. It also borders Bolivia to the southwest...
Brazil	1889-11-15	Proclamation of the Republic	1825-08-29	Independence recognized by Portugal Kingdom of Portugal The Kingdom of Portugal was Portugal's general designation under the monarchy. The kingdom was located in the west of the Iberian Peninsula, Europe and existed from 1139 to 1910...	1903-11-11
Canada	1867-07-01	Canadian Confederation Canadian Confederation Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federal Dominion of Canada was formed on July 1, 1867. On that day, three British colonies were formed into four Canadian provinces...	1931-12-11	Statute of Westminster Statute of Westminster 1931 The Statute of Westminster 1931 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Passed on 11 December 1931, the Act established legislative equality for the self-governing dominions of the British Empire with the United Kingdom...	1949-04-01	Dominion of Newfoundland Dominion of Newfoundland The Dominion of Newfoundland was a British Dominion from 1907 to 1949 . The Dominion of Newfoundland was situated in northeastern North America along the Atlantic coast and comprised the island of Newfoundland and Labrador on the continental mainland... joins as the province of Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador is the easternmost province of Canada. Situated in the country's Atlantic region, it incorporates the island of Newfoundland and mainland Labrador with a combined area of . As of April 2011, the province's estimated population is 508,400...
Chile	1810-09-18	First Government Junta Government Junta of Chile (1810) Government Junta of the Kingdom of Chile , also known as the First Government Junta, was the organ established to rule Chile following the deposition and imprisonment of King Ferdinand VII by Napoleon Bonaparte... declares Chile an autonomous republic within Spain	1818-02-12	Independence declared from Spain	1929-07-03	Chile awarded Arica Arica Arica is a city in northern Chile. "Arica" may also refer to:Places* Arica and Parinacota Region, Chile* Arica Airport , Chile* Arica, Amazonas, town in Colombia* Rio Aricá-açu, tributary of the Cuiabá River south of Cuiabá, BrazilOther... district in Treaty of Lima Treaty of Lima The Treaty of Lima solved the dispute between Peru and Chile regarding the status of the Chilean administered territories of Tacna and Arica. According to the Treaty, the Tacna-Arica Territory was divided between both countries; Tacna being awarded to Peru and with Chile retaining sovereignty over...
Chile	1810-09-18		1844-04-25	Independence recognized by Spain	1929-07-03
Colombia			1810-07-10	Independence declared from Spain	1903-11-03	Separation of Panama from Colombia Separation of Panama from Colombia The Separation of Panama from Colombia was formalized on 3 November 1903 with the establishment of the Republic of Panama from the Republic of Colombia's Department of Panama.-Prelude:...
Colombia			1819-08-07	Independence recognized by Spain	1903-11-03
Costa Rica			1821-09-15	Costa Rica Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain... declared independence from Spain	1824-07-25	Partido de Nicoya Partido de Nicoya The Partido de Nicoya was a major part of what is now the Guanacaste province in Costa Rica. Originally the territory was bounded on the northeast by the La Flor river and Lake Cocibolca, or Lake Nicaragua, on the south by Costa Rica , and on the east by a line that joins the northernmost part of...
Costa Rica			1838-11-15	Independence from Federal Republic of Central America Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain...	1824-07-25
Cuba	1959-01-01	Cuban Revolution Cuban Revolution The Cuban Revolution was an armed revolt by Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement against the regime of Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista between 1953 and 1959. Batista was finally ousted on 1 January 1959, and was replaced by a revolutionary government led by Castro...	1868-10-10	Independence from Spain declared Ten Years' War The Ten Years' War , also known as the Great War and the War of '68, began on October 10, 1868 when sugar mill owner Carlos Manuel de Céspedes and his followers proclaimed Cuba's independence from Spain...
			1898-12-10	Spain relinquishes all claim of sovereignty over and title to Cuba
			1902-05-20	United States military occupation ends
Dominica			1967-02-27	Became an associated state Associated state An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted... of the United Kingdom
Dominica			1978-11-03	Independence from the United Kingdom
Dominican Republic			1865-03-03	Independence regained from Spain following the Dominican Restoration War Dominican Restoration War The Dominican Restoration War was a guerrilla war between 1863 and 1865 in the Dominican Republic between nationalists and Spain, who had recolonized the country 17 years after its independence...
Ecuador	1809-08-10		1822-05-24	Independence from Spain of Gran Colombia Gran Colombia Gran Colombia is a name used today for the state that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern Central America from 1819 to 1831. This short-lived republic included the territories of present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, northern Peru and northwest Brazil. The... , of which Ecuador is a part	1942-02-26	Rio Protocol Rio Protocol The Protocol of Peace, Friendship, and Boundaries between Peru and Ecuador, or Rio Protocol for short, was an international agreement signed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on January 29, 1942, by the foreign ministers of Peru and Ecuador, with the participation of the United States, Brazil, Chile, and... ends border dispute with Peru Peru Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
Ecuador	1809-08-10		1830-05-13	Dissolution of Gran Colombia Gran Colombia Gran Colombia is a name used today for the state that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern Central America from 1819 to 1831. This short-lived republic included the territories of present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, northern Peru and northwest Brazil. The...	1942-02-26
El Salvador			1821-09-15	El Salvador becomes province in first mexican empire First Mexican Empire The Mexican Empire was the official name of independent Mexico under a monarchical regime from 1821 to 1823. The territory of the Mexican Empire included the continental intendencies and provinces of New Spain proper... , which declared independence from Spain
			1823	El Salvador becomes an state of federal republic of central america
			1841	Disolution of the federal republic of central america , El slvador becomes independent
Grenada			1967-02-27	Associated state Associated state An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted... of the United Kingdom
Grenada			1974-02-07	Full independence from the United Kingdom
Guatemala			1821-09-15	Guatemala becomes state in Federal Republic of Central America Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain... , which declared independence from Spain
Guatemala			1839-04-17	Independence from Federal Republic of Central America Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain... declared
Guyana			1966-05-26	Independence from the United Kingdom
Haiti	1987-03	Constitution	1804-01-01	The French colony Colony In politics and history, a colony is a territory under the immediate political control of a state. For colonies in antiquity, city-states would often found their own colonies. Some colonies were historically countries, while others were territories without definite statehood from their inception.... Saint-Domingue Saint-Domingue The labour for these plantations was provided by an estimated 790,000 African slaves . Between 1764 and 1771, the average annual importation of slaves varied between 10,000-15,000; by 1786 it was about 28,000, and from 1787 onward, the colony received more than 40,000 slaves a year... gains independence as Haiti	1844-02-27	The Dominican Republic Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries... gains independence from Haiti
Honduras			1821-09-15	Honduras becomes state in Federal Republic of Central America Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain... , which declared independence from Spain	1972-09-01	Swan Islands Swan Islands, Honduras The Swan Islands, or Islas Santanilla, are a chain of three islands located in the northwestern Caribbean Sea, approximately ninety miles off the coastline of Honduras, with a land area of .-Detailed location and features:... returned to Honduras from United States occupation
Honduras			1838-10-26	Independence from Federal Republic of Central America Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain...	1972-09-01
Jamaica			1962-08-06	Independence from the United Kingdom
Mexico	1917	Constitution	1810-09-16	Independence from Spain declared	1853-12-30	Gadsden Purchase Gadsden Purchase The Gadsden Purchase is a region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that was purchased by the United States in a treaty signed by James Gadsden, the American ambassador to Mexico at the time, on December 30, 1853. It was then ratified, with changes, by the U.S...
Mexico	1917	Constitution	1821-08-24	Independence recognized by Spain in Treaty of Córdoba Treaty of Córdoba The Treaty of Córdova established Mexican independence from Spain at the conclusion of the Mexican War of Independence. It was signed on August 24, 1821 in Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico. The signatories were the head of the Army of the Three Guarantees, Agustín de Iturbide, and acting on behalf of the...	1853-12-30
Nicaragua			1821-09-15	Nicaragua becomes state in Federal Republic of Central America Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain... , which declared independence from Spain
Nicaragua			1838-11-05	Independence from Federal Republic of Central America Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain...
Panama			1903-11-03	Separation of Panama from Colombia Separation of Panama from Colombia The Separation of Panama from Colombia was formalized on 3 November 1903 with the establishment of the Republic of Panama from the Republic of Colombia's Department of Panama.-Prelude:...	1979-10-1	United States returns Panama the Panama Canal Zone Panama Canal Zone The Panama Canal Zone was a unorganized U.S. territory located within the Republic of Panama, consisting of the Panama Canal and an area generally extending 5 miles on each side of the centerline, but excluding Panama City and Colón, which otherwise would have been partly within the limits of...
Paraguay	1992-06	Democratic Constitution	1811-05-14	Independence from Spain declared	1938	Paraguay awarded a large portion of the Gran Chaco Gran Chaco The Gran Chaco is a sparsely populated, hot and semi-arid lowland region of the Río de la Plata basin, divided among eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, northern Argentina and a portion of the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, where it is connected with the Pantanal region... as a result of the Chaco War Chaco War The Chaco War was fought between Bolivia and Paraguay over control of the northern part of the Gran Chaco region of South America, which was incorrectly thought to be rich in oil. It is also referred to as La Guerra de la Sed in literary circles for being fought in the semi-arid Chaco...
Peru			1821-07-28	Independence from Spain declared	1942-02-26	Rio Protocol Rio Protocol The Protocol of Peace, Friendship, and Boundaries between Peru and Ecuador, or Rio Protocol for short, was an international agreement signed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on January 29, 1942, by the foreign ministers of Peru and Ecuador, with the participation of the United States, Brazil, Chile, and... ends border dispute with Ecuador Ecuador Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
Peru			1879	Independence from Spain recognized	1942-02-26
Saint Kitts and Nevis			1967-02-27	Associated state of the United Kingdom	1980-12-19	Anguilla Anguilla Anguilla is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union in the Caribbean. It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin... separated from Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla was historically an overseas territory of the United Kingdom located in the Caribbean Sea. This entity later became a province to the short lived West Indies Federation in 1958...
Saint Kitts and Nevis			1983-09-19	Independence from the United Kingdom	1980-12-19
Saint Lucia			1967-02-27	Associated statehood
Saint Lucia			1979-02-22	Independence from the United Kingdom
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines			1969-10-27	Associated statehood
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines			1979-10-27	Independence from the United Kingdom
Suriname			1954-12-15	Self government granted
Suriname			1975-11-25	Independence from Netherlands
Trinidad and Tobago			1962-08-31	Independence from the United Kingdom
United States	1787-09-17	Ratification of the United States Constitution United States Constitution The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. It is the framework for the organization of the United States government and for the relationship of the federal government with the states, citizens, and all people within the United States.The first three... replaced the previous Articles of Confederation Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 founding states that legally established the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first constitution... creating a new system of government	1776-07-04	Independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain Kingdom of Great Britain The former Kingdom of Great Britain, sometimes described as the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain', That the Two Kingdoms of Scotland and England, shall upon the 1st May next ensuing the date hereof, and forever after, be United into One Kingdom by the Name of GREAT BRITAIN. was a sovereign... declared United States Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence was a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain regarded themselves as independent states, and no longer a part of the British Empire. John Adams put forth a...	1981-09-07	The United States cedes Serrana Bank Serrana Bank The Serrana Bank is one of the few atolls in the Atlantic Ocean. Its mostly underwater reef of about 50 km long and 13 km wide has six cays or islets, the most prominent of which is Southwest Cay.The cays from south to north are:... and Roncador Bank Roncador Bank Roncador Bank is a mostly-submerged atoll with several sandy cays. It lies in the west Caribbean Sea off the coast of Central America. Originally claimed by the United States under the Guano Islands Act of 1856, the atoll was returned by the United States to Colombia on September 17, 1981, as the... to the Republic of Colombia as a result of a treaty signed in 1972
United States	1787-09-17		1783-09-03	Independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain Kingdom of Great Britain The former Kingdom of Great Britain, sometimes described as the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain', That the Two Kingdoms of Scotland and England, shall upon the 1st May next ensuing the date hereof, and forever after, be United into One Kingdom by the Name of GREAT BRITAIN. was a sovereign... recognized Treaty of Paris (1783) The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain on the one hand and the United States of America and its allies on the other. The other combatant nations, France, Spain and the Dutch Republic had separate agreements; for details of...	1981-09-07
Uruguay			1825-08-25	Independence declared, joined in union with United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (current Argentina Argentina Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires... ).(Independence from Brazil declared)
Uruguay			1828-08-27	Treaty of Montevideo 1828 Treaty of Montevideo Treaty of Montevideo : In a treaty signed on August 27, 1828, after British mediation, Brazil and Argentina recognized the independence of Uruguay.... signed, recognizing Uruguay's independence
Venezuela			1811-07-05	independence from Spain declared Venezuelan Declaration of Independence The Venezuelan Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by a congress of Venezuelan provinces on July 5, 1811 through which Venezuelans made the decision to break away from the Spanish Crown in order to establish a new nation based on the premises of equality of individuals, abolition of...
Venezuela			1830-01-13	President José Antonio Páez José Antonio Páez José Antonio Páez Herrera was General in Chief of the army fighting Spain during the Venezuelan Wars of Independence, in addition to becoming the President of Venezuela once it was independent of the Gran Colombia... declares Venezuela independent from Gran Colombia Gran Colombia Gran Colombia is a name used today for the state that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern Central America from 1819 to 1831. This short-lived republic included the territories of present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, northern Peru and northwest Brazil. The...

Asia

Country	Date	Birth of current form of government	Date	Date of acquisition of sovereignty	Date	Date of most recent significant territorial modification
Afghanistan			1919-08-20	Treaty of Rawalpindi Treaty of Rawalpindi The Treaty of Rawalpindi was an armistice made between the United Kingdom and Afghanistan during the Third Anglo-Afghan War... gives Afghanistan control from the United Kingdom over its own affairs
Bahrain			1971-08-15	Independence from the United Kingdom	1521-07-01	Portuguese Portugal Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the... conquest of current territory
Bangladesh			1971-03-26	Independence from Pakistan declared
Bhutan			1885	Ugyen Wangchuck Ugyen Wangchuck Gongsa Ugyen Wangchuck was the first King of Bhutan from 1907 to 1926.He was born in 1862 to Jigme Namgyal, penlop of Trongsa and Ashi Pema Choki. He succeeded his father as Penlop of Trongsa... ends period of civil war and unites Bhutan	1865-11-11	Treaty of Sinchula
Brunei			1984-01-01	Brunei regains its independence after an agreement with the British on 4 January 1979
Cambodia			1989-09-26	Becomes free from Vietnamese occupation; it gets back its name instead of the People's Republic of Kampuchea People's Republic of Kampuchea The People's Republic of Kampuchea , , was founded in Cambodia by the Salvation Front, a group of Cambodian leftists dissatisfied with the Khmer Rouge, after the overthrow of Democratic Kampuchea, Pol Pot's government...
People's Republic of China	1949-10-01	Establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) as the Chinese Civil War Chinese Civil War The Chinese Civil War was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang , the governing party of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China , for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China and People's Republic of... nears its end	221 B.C.	Nation firstly unified by Qin Dynasty Qin Dynasty The Qin Dynasty was the first imperial dynasty of China, lasting from 221 to 207 BC. The Qin state derived its name from its heartland of Qin, in modern-day Shaanxi. The strength of the Qin state was greatly increased by the legalist reforms of Shang Yang in the 4th century BC, during the Warring...	1999-12-20	Transfer of the sovereignty of Macau from Portugal to the PRC
India	1950-01-26	Indian constitution comes into force	320 B.C	Foundation of Maurya Empire Maurya Empire The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in ancient India, ruled by the Mauryan dynasty from 321 to 185 BC... 320 BC	1975-05-16	Accession of Daman, Diu + Sikkim Sikkim Sikkim is a landlocked Indian state nestled in the Himalayan mountains... to India
Indonesia	1945-08-18	Ratification of the Constitution of Indonesia Constitution of Indonesia The Constitution of Indonesia is the basis for the government of the Indonesia.The constitution was written in June, July and August 1945, when Indonesia was emerging from Japanese control at the end of World War II... by the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence	1945-08-17	Indonesian Declaration of Independence Indonesian Declaration of Independence The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was read at 10.00 a.m. on Friday, August 17, 1945. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed-resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the Netherlands until the latter officially acknowledged... from Netherlands	2002-05-20	Independence of East Timor East Timor The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, commonly known as East Timor , is a state in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecusse, an exclave on the northwestern side of the island, within Indonesian West Timor... , formerly administered as a province of Indonesia
Indonesia	1945-08-18		1949-12-27	Independence from the Netherlands recognized Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference The Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference was held in the Hague from August 23 - November 2, 1949, between representatives of the Netherlands, the Republic of Indonesia and the BFO representing various states the Dutch had created in the Indonesian archipelago...	2002-05-20
Iran	1979-02-11	Iranian Revolution Iranian Revolution The Iranian Revolution refers to events involving the overthrow of Iran's monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and its replacement with an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the... ends monarchism and establishes an Islamic Republic	3200 B.C.	Proto-Elamite in Early Bronze Age	1988-08-20	Iran-Iraq War Iran-Iraq War The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between the armed forces of Iraq and Iran, lasting from September 1980 to August 1988, making it the longest conventional war of the twentieth century... ends with Iran liberating all lost territories
Iraq	2003-03-20	Iraq defeated and occupied. New gov. formed	1932-10-03	Kingdom of Iraq Kingdom of Iraq The Kingdom of Iraq was the sovereign state of Iraq during and after the British Mandate of Mesopotamia. The League of Nations mandate started in 1920. The kingdom began in August 1921 with the coronation of Faisal bin al-Hussein bin Ali al-Hashemi as King Faisal I...	1991-02-28	Kuwait was liberated.
Israel			1948-05-14	Reading of the Declaration of Independence of Israel before the expiration of the British Mandate of Palestine at midnight	1994-10-26	Signing of the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace The Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace was signed in 1994. The treaty normalized relations between the two countries and resolved territorial disputes. The conflict had cost roughly US$18.3 billion... , whereby most of the disputed 400 square-kilometer area in the Arabah Arabah The Arabah , also known as Aravah, is a section of the Great Rift Valley running in a north-south orientation between the southern end of the Sea of Galilee down to the Dead Sea and continuing further south where it ends at the Gulf of Aqaba. It includes most of the border between Israel to the... was handed back to Jordan
Japan	1947-05-03	Coming into force of the current Constitution of Japan Constitution of Japan The is the fundamental law of Japan. It was enacted on 3 May, 1947 as a new constitution for postwar Japan.-Outline:The constitution provides for a parliamentary system of government and guarantees certain fundamental rights... , whereby the emperor Emperor of Japan The Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest... was deprived of his powers and a liberal democracy was established	660BC	Unity of the country by the Imperial family, and the capital was established in Yamato	1972-05-15	Return of the Ryukyu Islands Ryukyu Islands The , also known as the , is a chain of islands in the western Pacific, on the eastern limit of the East China Sea and to the southwest of the island of Kyushu in Japan. From about 1829 until the mid 20th century, they were alternately called Luchu, Loochoo, or Lewchew, akin to the Mandarin... to Japan and abolition of the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands
Jordan			1946-05-25	End of the British Mandate for Palestine	1994-10-26	Signing of the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace The Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace was signed in 1994. The treaty normalized relations between the two countries and resolved territorial disputes. The conflict had cost roughly US$18.3 billion... , whereby most of the disputed 400 square-kilometer area in the Arabah Arabah The Arabah , also known as Aravah, is a section of the Great Rift Valley running in a north-south orientation between the southern end of the Sea of Galilee down to the Dead Sea and continuing further south where it ends at the Gulf of Aqaba. It includes most of the border between Israel to the... was handed back to Jordan
Kazakhstan			1991-12-16	Independence declared from the Soviet Union
Kuwait			1991-02-28	End of Iraq Iraq Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert.... i occupation (Gulf War Gulf War The Persian Gulf War , commonly referred to as simply the Gulf War, was a war waged by a U.N.-authorized coalition force from 34 nations led by the United States, against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.The war is also known under other names, such as the First Gulf... )	1969-12-18	Formal division of Saudi-Kuwaiti neutral zone Saudi-Kuwaiti neutral zone The Saudi–Kuwaiti neutral zone, also known as the Divided Zone, was an area of 5,770 km² between the borders of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait that was left undefined when the border was established by the Uqair Convention of December 2, 1922....
Kyrgyzstan			1991-08-31	Independence from the Soviet Union
Laos			1949-07-19	Independence from France
Lebanon	1926-05-23	Lebanese Republic formed	1941-11-26	Independence from France declared	1920-09-01	France establishes State of Greater Lebanon with current boundaries
Lebanon	1926-05-23	Lebanese Republic formed	1943-11-22	Independence from France recognized	1920-09-01
Malaysia	1963-07-31	The Federation of Malaya was changed to Malaysia.	1957-08-31	Malayan Independence Merdeka Merdeka is a word in the Indonesian and Malay language meaning Independent or freedom. It is derived from the Sanskrit Maharddhika meaning "rich, prosperous and powerful". In the Malay archipelago, this term had acquired the meaning of a freed slave... from the United Kingdom was declared in Dataran Merdeka Dataran Merdeka Merdeka Square is located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is situated in front of the Sultan Abdul Samad Building. It was here the Union Flag was lowered and the Malayan flag hoisted for the first time at midnight on August 31, 1957... (Independence Square)	1965-08-09	Establishment of Singapore Singapore Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the... as an independent sovereign state
Malaysia	1963-07-31	The Federation of Malaya was changed to Malaysia.	1963-09-16	Malaysia was formed after the self government of Sabah Sabah Sabah is one of 13 member states of Malaysia. It is located on the northern portion of the island of Borneo. It is the second largest state in the country after Sarawak, which it borders on its southwest. It also shares a border with the province of East Kalimantan of Indonesia in the south... (was North Borneo North Borneo North Borneo was a British protectorate under the sovereign North Borneo Chartered Company from 1882 to 1946. After the war it became a crown colony of Great Britain from 1946 to 1963, known in this time as British North Borneo. It is located on the northeastern end of the island of Borneo. It is... ), Sarawak Sarawak Sarawak is one of two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. Known as Bumi Kenyalang , Sarawak is situated on the north-west of the island. It is the largest state in Malaysia followed by Sabah, the second largest state located to the North- East.The administrative capital is Kuching, which... and Singapore Singapore Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the... to federate with the existing States of the Federation of Malaya Federation of Malaya The Federation of Malaya is the name given to a federation of 11 states that existed from 31 January 1948 until 16 September 1963. The Federation became independent on 31 August 1957... .	1965-08-09
Maldives			1965-07-26	Independence from the United Kingdom
Mongolia			1911-12-29	Proclamation of Mongolian independence from Qing Dynasty Qing Dynasty The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China.... China
Myanmar			1948-01-04	Myanmar (Burma) declares independence from the British Empire British Empire The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height, it was the...	1956	Signing of border treaty with the People's Republic of China
Nepal	2008-05-28	Formation of Republic	1768-12-21	Nepali unification Unification of Nepal -Early rulers:Nepal's recorded history began with the Kiratis, who arrived in the 7th or 8th century BCE from the east to Kathmandu valley. Little is known about them, other than their deftness as sheep farmers and fondness for carrying long knives. The Kirats ruled for about 1225 years , their...	1815-12-02	Sugauli Treaty Sugauli Treaty The Sugauli Treaty was signed on December 2, 1815 and ratified by March 4, 1816, between the British East India Company and Nepal, which was a kingdom during that era. This ended the second British invasion of the Himalayan kingdom during the Anglo-Nepalese War... ends the Gurkha War Gurkha War The Gurkha War , sometimes called the Gorkha War or the Anglo–Nepalese War, was fought between the Kingdom of Nepal and the British East India Company as a result of border tensions and ambitious expansionism...
North Korea			1948-09-09	Declaration of creation of North Korea	1953-07-27	Cease-fire in the Korean War Korean War The Korean War was a conventional war between South Korea, supported by the United Nations, and North Korea, supported by the People's Republic of China , with military material aid from the Soviet Union... creates the southern border along the Military Demarcation Line Military Demarcation Line (Korea) The Military Demarcation Line , sometimes referred to as the Armistice Line, is the land border or demarcation line between North Korea and South Korea. On either side of the line is the Korean Demilitarized Zone...
Pakistan	1947-08-14	Independence from British India	1947 A.D.	British India Partition	1971-12-16	De facto : Province of East Pakistan East Pakistan East Pakistan was a provincial state of Pakistan established in 14 August 1947. The provincial state existed until its declaration of independence on 26 March 1971 as the independent nation of Bangladesh. Pakistan recognized the new nation on 16 December 1971. East Pakistan was created from Bengal... dissolved following the surrender of the Pakistani Army at the end of the Bangladesh Liberation War Bangladesh Liberation War The Bangladesh Liberation War was an armed conflict pitting East Pakistan and India against West Pakistan. The war resulted in the secession of East Pakistan, which became the independent nation of Bangladesh....
Pakistan	1947-08-14	Independence from British India	1947 A.D.	British India Partition	1974-02-22	De jure : Recognition by Pakistan of Bangladesh Bangladesh Bangladesh , officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south... as an independent country, whereby Pakistan definitely surrenders claims over the former province of East Pakistan East Pakistan East Pakistan was a provincial state of Pakistan established in 14 August 1947. The provincial state existed until its declaration of independence on 26 March 1971 as the independent nation of Bangladesh. Pakistan recognized the new nation on 16 December 1971. East Pakistan was created from Bengal...
Philippines	1935-11-30	The Commonwealth of the Philippines Commonwealth of the Philippines The Commonwealth of the Philippines was a designation of the Philippines from 1935 to 1946 when the country was a commonwealth of the United States. The Commonwealth was created by the Tydings-McDuffie Act, which was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1934. When Manuel L... was established through the provisions of the Tydings-McDuffie Act Tydings-McDuffie Act The Tydings-McDuffie Act approved on March 24, 1934 was a United States federal law which provided for self-government of the Philippines and for Filipino independence after a period of ten years. It was authored by Maryland Senator Millard E... and the Jones Law Jones Law (Philippines) The Jones Law or the Act of Congress of August 29, 1916, also known as the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916, replaced the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 that earlier served as a constitution for the Philippine Islands. The Philippines was ceded by Spain to the United States in 1898 and a civil... . The 1935 constitution remained in effect after independence in 1946.	1898-06-12	The First Philippine Republic First Philippine Republic The Philippine Republic , more commonly known as the First Philippine Republic or the Malolos Republic was a short-lived insurgent revolutionary government in the Philippines... declares Philippine Declaration of Independence The Philippine Declaration of Independence occurred on June 12, 1898 in Cavite II el Viejo , Cavite, Philippines. With the public reading of the Act of the Declaration of Independence, Filipino revolutionary forces under General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the sovereignty and independence of the... itself independent from the Spanish Empire Spanish Empire The Spanish Empire comprised territories and colonies administered directly by Spain in Europe, in America, Africa, Asia and Oceania. It originated during the Age of Exploration and was therefore one of the first global empires. At the time of Habsburgs, Spain reached the peak of its world power.... .	1930{{#Tag:Ref \|{{Cite journal \|ref=CITEREFBautista2009 \|url=http://www.hawaii.edu/aplpj/articles/APLPJ_10.1_bautista.pdf \|title=The Historical Context and Legal Basis of the Philippine Treaty Limits \|author=Bautista, Lowell B. \|journal=Aegean Review of the Law of the Sea and Maritime Law \|issn=1864-9610 (Print) 1864-9629 (Online) \|doi=10.1007/s12180-009-0003-5 \|date=3 September 2009 \|page=21 \|quote=The Boundaries Treaty of 1930 clarifies those islands in the region belonging to U.S. and those to the State of North Borneo and delimits the boundary between the Philippine Archipelago (under U.S. sovereignty) and the State of North Borneo (under British protection). [...] When the Boundaries Treaty of 1930 was finalized, an exchange of notes supplemented the Treaty. Pursuant to the notes, sovereignty over these islands was transferred to the U.S., and it was agreed that Great Britain should continue to administer these islands until the U.S. gave notice to the contrary. \|volume=1 \|postscript=. }} \|name=Bautista2009. }}	Seven of the Turtle Islands Turtle Islands, Tawi-Tawi Turtle Islands, also known as Turtle Isles, is a 5th class municipality composed of a remote group of seven islands in the province of Tawi-Tawi in the Southern Philippines.-Location:... were returned by the United Kingdom to the United States as the successor of the Sultanate of Sulu, becoming part of the Philippine Archipelago. The remaining three islands became the Turtle Islands National Park (Malaysia).
Philippines	1935-11-30		1946-07-04	The United States recognizes independence on 4 July Filipino-American Friendship Day Filipino-American Friendship Day, July 4, is a day in the Philippines designated by President Diosdado Macapagal to commemorate the liberation of the country by joint Filipino and American forces from the Japanese occupation at the end of World War II.... under the provisions of the Treaty of Manila (1946) Treaty of Manila (1946) The Treaty of Manila is a treaty of general relations signed on July 4, 1946 in Manila, capital of the Philippines. Parties to the treaty were the governments of the United States and the Republic of the Philippines... . The nowrap remains in effect
Qatar			1971-09-03	Independence from the United Kingdom
Saudi Arabia	1932-09-23	Regions of Al-Hasa Al-Hasa Al-Ahsa is the largest governorate in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province, named after Al-Ahsa oasis. The name Al-Ahsa is also given to the biggest city in the region, Hofuf. In classic Arabic, Ahsa means the sound of water underground. It has one of the largest oases in the world with Date Palms of... , Qatif Qatif Qatif or Al-Qatif is a governorate and urban area located in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. It extends from Ras Tanura and Jubail in the north to Dammam in the south, and from the Persian Gulf in the east to King Fahd International Airport in the west... , Nejd and Hejaz Hejaz al-Hejaz, also Hijaz is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia. Defined primarily by its western border on the Red Sea, it extends from Haql on the Gulf of Aqaba to Jizan. Its main city is Jeddah, but it is probably better known for the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina... unified to become Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...	1927-05-20	Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz recognized as independent in Treaty of Jeddah	2000-06-12	Border with Yemen Yemen The Republic of Yemen , commonly known as Yemen , is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east.... finalized by Treaty of Jeddah
Singapore	1965-08-07	Singapore cease to be a state of Malaysia	1959-06-03	Self government under the United Kingdom	1966-08-09	Establishment of Singapore as an independent sovereign state
Singapore	1965-08-07	Singapore cease to be a state of Malaysia	1965-08-09	separate from and independent of Malaysia	1966-08-09
South Korea			1948-08-15	First Republic of South Korea First Republic of South Korea The First Republic of South Korea was South Korea's first independent government, ruling the country from 1948 to 1960. It succeeded USAMGIK, the United States military government, which ruled the area from 1945 to 1948. The First Republic was established on August 15, 1948, with Syngman Rhee as... established	1953-07-27	Cease-fire in the Korean War Korean War The Korean War was a conventional war between South Korea, supported by the United Nations, and North Korea, supported by the People's Republic of China , with military material aid from the Soviet Union... creates the northern border along the Military Demarcation Line Military Demarcation Line (Korea) The Military Demarcation Line , sometimes referred to as the Armistice Line, is the land border or demarcation line between North Korea and South Korea. On either side of the line is the Korean Demilitarized Zone...
Sri Lanka			1948-02-04	Dominion Dominion A dominion, often Dominion, refers to one of a group of autonomous polities that were nominally under British sovereignty, constituting the British Empire and British Commonwealth, beginning in the latter part of the 19th century. They have included Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Newfoundland,...
Sri Lanka			1972-05-22	Full independence from the United Kingdom
Syria			1961-09-28	End of the United Arab Republic United Arab Republic The United Arab Republic , often abbreviated as the U.A.R., was a sovereign union between Egypt and Syria. The union began in 1958 and existed until 1961, when Syria seceded from the union. Egypt continued to be known officially as the "United Arab Republic" until 1971. The President was Gamal...
Republic of China	1911-10-10	After the Xinhai Revolution Xinhai Revolution The Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution, also known as Revolution of 1911 or the Chinese Revolution, was a revolution that overthrew China's last imperial dynasty, the Qing , and established the Republic of China... the Republic of China formally replaced the Qing Dynasty	1949-12-07	Republic of China Republic of China The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor... government moved to Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War Chinese Civil War The Chinese Civil War was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang , the governing party of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China , for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China and People's Republic of...	1955-02-25	Withdrawal of the Republic of China Republic of China The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor... from the Dachen Archipelago
Tajikistan			1991-09-09	Independence from the Soviet Union
Thailand			1776	Expulsion of Burmese and reunification of Thailand	1909-03-10	Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 The Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 or Bangkok Treaty of 1909 was a treaty between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Siam signed on March 10, 1909, in Bangkok. Ratifications were exchanged in London on July 9, 1909....
East Timor			1975-11-28	East Timor declares its independence but was suppressed by the Indonesian invasion
East Timor			2002-05-20	Independence was recognized by the international community following the UN United Nations The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace... -sponsored act of self-determination of 1999
Turkmenistan			1991-10-27	Independence from the Soviet Union
United Arab Emirates			1971-12-02	End of treaty relationship with the United Kingdom	1972-02-11	Ras al-Khaimah Ras al-Khaimah Ras al-Khaimah is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates , in the east of the Persian Gulf. It is in the northern part of the UAE bordering Oman's exclave. The capital city and home of most residents is also called Ras al-Khaimah. The city has a population of 263,217 as of 2008. The city... joins the UAE
Uzbekistan			1991-08-31	Independence from the Soviet Union declared
Vietnam	1945-09-02	Independence from Japan and France Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam The Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was written by Hồ Chí Minh, and announced in public at the Ba Đình flower garden on September 2, 1945. It led to the secession of North Vietnam.-History:Vietnam became a colony of France in the late nineteenth century...	2879 BC	Formation of Van Lang Van Lang Văn Lang was, according to tradition, the first nation of the ancient Vietnamese people, founded in 2879 BC and existing until 258 BC. It was ruled by the Hùng Kings of the Hồng Bàng Dynasty. There is, however, little reliable historical information available...	1976-07-02	Reunification of North Vietnam North Vietnam The Democratic Republic of Vietnam , was a communist state that ruled the northern half of Vietnam from 1954 until 1976 following the Geneva Conference and laid claim to all of Vietnam from 1945 to 1954 during the First Indochina War, during which they controlled pockets of territory throughout... and South Vietnam South Vietnam South Vietnam was a state which governed southern Vietnam until 1975. It received international recognition in 1950 as the "State of Vietnam" and later as the "Republic of Vietnam" . Its capital was Saigon...
Yemen			1990-05-22	Unification of North Yemen North Yemen North Yemen is a term currently used to designate the Yemen Arab Republic , its predecessor, the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen , and their predecessors that exercised sovereignty over the territory that is now the north-western part of the state of Yemen in southern Arabia.Neither state ever... and South Yemen	1990-05-22	Unification of North Yemen North Yemen North Yemen is a term currently used to designate the Yemen Arab Republic , its predecessor, the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen , and their predecessors that exercised sovereignty over the territory that is now the north-western part of the state of Yemen in southern Arabia.Neither state ever... and South Yemen

Europe & the islands

Country	Date	Birth of current form of government	Date	Date of acquisition of sovereignty	Date	Date of most recent significant territorial modification
Albania			1912-11-28	Declaration of independence from Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
Albania			1944-11-28	Albanian state re-established after Italian/German occupation
Andorra			1813	Reversal of annexation of Andorra by the Napoleonic Empire, through the Peninsular war Peninsular War The Peninsular War was a war between France and the allied powers of Spain, the United Kingdom, and Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars. The war began when French and Spanish armies crossed Spain and invaded Portugal in 1807. Then, in 1808, France turned on its...
Armenia	1918-05-28	Establishment of the Republic of Armenia	1990-08-23	Independence from the Soviet Union declared	1936-12-05	Establishment of the Armenian SSR Armenian SSR The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic The Armenian Soviet...
Armenia	1991-09-21	Independence recognized by the Soviet Union	1990-08-23	Independence from the Soviet Union declared	1936-12-05
Austria			1955-05-15	Austrian Independence Treaty re-established Austria as a sovereign state	1921-12-14	City of Sopron Sopron In 1910 Sopron had 33,932 inhabitants . Religions: 64.1% Roman Catholic, 27.8% Lutheran, 6.6% Jewish, 1.2% Calvinist, 0.3% other. In 2001 the city had 56,125 inhabitants... moved to Hungary after plebiscite
Belarus			1990-07-27	Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic The Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic was a formal document issued by the Supreme Soviet of Belarus to assert their independence from the Soviet Union. Passed on July 27, 1990, the Declaration started the process to Belarus' eventual independence in August...	1945	Curzon Line Curzon Line The Curzon Line was put forward by the Allied Supreme Council after World War I as a demarcation line between the Second Polish Republic and Bolshevik Russia and was supposed to serve as the basis for a future border. In the wake of World War I, which catalysed the Russian Revolution of 1917, the...
Belarus			1991-08-25	Independence recognized by Soviet Union	1945
Azerbaijan	1918-05-28	Establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic Azerbaijan Democratic Republic The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was the first successful attempt to establish a democratic and secular republic in the Muslim world . The ADR was founded on May 28, 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917 by Azerbaijani National Council in...	1991-10-18	Declaration of independence from the Soviet Union	1920-04-28	Establishment of the Azerbaijan SSR Azerbaijan SSR The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Azerbaijan SSR for short, was one of the republics that made up the former Soviet Union....
Belgium	1831-07-21	King Leopold I of Belgium Leopold I of Belgium Leopold I was from 21 July 1831 the first King of the Belgians, following Belgium's independence from the Netherlands. He was the founder of the Belgian line of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha... swears allegiance to the constitution making the country a constitutional monarchy Constitutional monarchy Constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a constitution, whether it be a written, uncodified or blended constitution...	1830-10-04	Independence was proclaimed by the provisonial government	1919-06-28	Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The other Central Powers on the German side of... and annexation of the East Cantons
Bosnia and Herzegovina			1992-03-05	Independence declared	1943-11-25	Establishment of Bosnia in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...
Kingdom of Bulgaria	1989-11-10	People's Republic of Bulgaria was replaced by the Republic of Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...	681	The Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State... recognizes Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...	1940-09-07	Under the Vienna Awards Vienna Awards The Vienna Awards are two arbitral awards by which arbiters of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy sought to enforce peacefully the claims of Hungary on territory it had lost in 1920 when it signed the Treaty of Trianon... , Southern Dobruja Southern Dobruja Southern Dobruja is an area of north-eastern Bulgaria comprising the administrative districts named for its two principal cities of Dobrich and Silistra... was returned to Bulgaria
Independent State of Croatia			1991-10-8	From SFR Yugoslavia
Cyprus			1960-08-16	Independence from United Kingdom
Czech Republic			1993-01-01	Dissolution of Czechoslovakia Dissolution of Czechoslovakia The dissolution of Czechoslovakia, which took effect on 1 January 1993, was an event that saw the self-determined separation of the federal state of Czechoslovakia. The Czech Republic and Slovakia, entities which had arisen in 1969 within the framework of Czechoslovak federalisation, became... , creating Czech Republic Czech Republic The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest.... and Slovakia Slovakia The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
Denmark	1953-06-05	Constitutional Act of Denmark	958, or prior	The Jelling stones, a pair of rune stones considered to be the "birth certificate" of Denmark reads: "King Haraldr ordered this monument made ... who won for himself all of Denmark and Norway and made the Danes Christian."	1920-06-15	Sønderjylland was recovered from Germany
Estonia	1918-02-24	Estonian Declaration of Independence Estonian Declaration of Independence The Estonian Declaration of Independence, also known as the Manifesto to the Peoples of Estonia , is the founding act of the Republic of Estonia from 1918. It is celebrated on 24 February, the National Day or Estonian Independence Day.... , whereby a republic Republic A republic is a form of government in which the people, or some significant portion of them, have supreme control over the government and where offices of state are elected or chosen by elected people. In modern times, a common simplified definition of a republic is a government where the head of... was declared	1918-02-24	Independence declared from the Russian Empire Russian Empire The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...	1920-07-01	De jure: Signing of the Estonian-Latvian Border Treaty whereby Valga proper was ceded to Estonia
Estonia	1918-02-24		1991-08-20	Independence (from the Soviet Union) reasserted, end of occupation	1945-01-01	De facto: Eastern coast of Narva river Narva River The Narva is a river flowing into the Baltic Sea, the largest river in Estonia. Draining Lake Peipsi, the river forms the border of Estonia and Russia and flows through the towns of Narva/Ivangorod and Narva-Jõesuu into Narva Bay. Though the river is only 77 km long, in terms of volume... and most of Petseri County Petseri County Petseri County was a county of Estonia established in 1920. Since 1944, however, most of the county had been administered as Pechorsky District of Pskov Oblast, first by the Russian SFSR and then, from 1991, by Russia.-History:... were transferred to Russian SFSR
Finland	1809	Diet of Porvoo Diet of Porvoo The Diet of Porvoo , was the summoned legislative assembly to establish the Grand Principality of Finland in 1809 and the heir of the powers of the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates... , birth of Finland as an autonomous state entity within Russian Empire	1917-12-06	Independence from Russian Empire Russian Empire The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union... declared Finland's declaration of independence The Finnish declaration of independence was adopted by the Parliament of Finland on 6 December 1917. It declared Finland an independent and sovereign nation state rather than an autonomous Russian Grand duchy.-Revolution in Russia:...	1956	Porkkala Porkkala Porkkala is a peninsula in the Gulf of Finland located at Kirkkonummi in Southern Finland.The peninsula had great strategic value, as coastal artillery based there would be able to reach more than halfway across the Gulf of Finland... returned from Soviet Soviet Union The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.... control
Finland	1809		1918-01-03	Independence from Russia recognized by the highest Soviet executive body - VTsIK	1956
Early Modern France	1870-09-04	Establishment of a lasting republican form of government French Third Republic The French Third Republic was the republican government of France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed due to the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, to 1940, when France was overrun by Nazi Germany during World War II, resulting in the German and Italian occupations of France... , considered uninterrupted in French law	486	Kingdom of the Franks becomes the first Christian State after the fall of the Roman Empire	1947-02-10	Metropolitan France: Metropolitan France Metropolitan France is the part of France located in Europe. It can also be described as mainland France or as the French mainland and the island of Corsica... Annexation of Tende Tende Tende is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.-Geography:Tende is located within Mercantour National Park in the French Alps. The mountainous commune is bordered by Italy to the north, with the boundary determined by the watershed line between the two countries... , La Brigue La Brigue La Brigue is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.Brigue became part of France after the World War II, when Italy was forced to hand it over in September 1947 under the terms of the 1947 Peace of Paris. Before the hand over, it was part of Province of Cuneo... and other villages formerly in Italy
Early Modern France	1958-10-05	Establishment of the current semi-presidential system Semi-presidential system The semi-presidential system is a system of government in which a president and a prime minister are both active participants in the day-to-day administration of the state... known as the Fifth Republic French Fifth Republic The Fifth Republic is the fifth and current republican constitution of France, introduced on 4 October 1958. The Fifth Republic emerged from the collapse of the French Fourth Republic, replacing the prior parliamentary government with a semi-presidential system...	843	Creation of the Kingdom of France (West Francia), Treaty of Verdun Treaty of Verdun The Treaty of Verdun was a treaty between the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, the son and successor of Charlemagne, which divided the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms...	1962-07-05	Overseas France: Overseas departments and territories of France The French Overseas Departments and Territories consist broadly of French-administered territories outside of the European continent. These territories have varying legal status and different levels of autonomy, although all have representation in the Parliament of France , and consequently the... Loss of the French departments in Algeria following the latter's independence
Georgia (country)	1918-05-26	Establishment of the Democratic Republic of Georgia Democratic Republic of Georgia The Democratic Republic of Georgia , 1918–1921, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of Georgia.The DRG was created after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917...	1991-04-09	Independence from the Soviet Union declared	1992-07-23	Abkhazia Abkhazia Abkhazia is a disputed political entity on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus.Abkhazia considers itself an independent state, called the Republic of Abkhazia or Apsny... asserted its declared independence from the Soviet Union
Georgia (country)	1918-05-26		1991-04-09	Independence from the Soviet Union declared	1991-11-28	South Ossetia South Ossetia South Ossetia or Tskhinvali Region is a disputed region and partly recognized state in the South Caucasus, located in the territory of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within the former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.... declared independence from Georgia
Germany	1871-01-18	German Realm (Empire) founded	1955-05-05	Federal Republic of Germany (commonly referred to at the time as West Germany West Germany West Germany is the common English, but not official, name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG in the period between its creation in May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990.... ) declared fully sovereign	1990-10-03	Reunification German reunification German reunification was the process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany , and when Berlin reunited into a single city, as provided by its then Grundgesetz constitution Article 23. The start of this process is commonly referred by Germans as die... of West Germany West Germany West Germany is the common English, but not official, name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG in the period between its creation in May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990.... and East Germany
Greece	1975-06-11	Third Hellenic Republic	1821-03-25 (traditional) 1821-02-23 (actual)	Greek Revolution starts, various regional administrations Greek local statutes The Greek Local Statutes were the local assemblies of Greece during the Greek War of Independence who codified certain 'proto-constitutions' ratified by local assemblies with the aim of eventually establishing a centralized Parliament under a... established during 1821	1947-02-10	Peace treaty with Italy Treaty of peace with Italy (1947) The Treaty of Peace with Italy was a treaty signed in Paris on February 10, 1947, between Italy and the victorious powers of World War II, formally ending the hostilities... awards the Dodecanese Dodecanese The Dodecanese are a group of 12 larger plus 150 smaller Greek islands in the Aegean Sea, of which 26 are inhabited. Τhis island group generally defines the eastern limit of the Sea of Crete. They belong to the Southern Sporades island group... to Greece
			1822-01-01	First Hellenic Republic First Hellenic Republic The First Hellenic Republic is a name used to refer to the provisional Greek state during the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire... proclaimed
			1832-03-04	Independence recognized (as Kingdom of Greece Kingdom of Greece The Kingdom of Greece was a state established in 1832 in the Convention of London by the Great Powers... )
Hungary	1989-10-23	People's Republic of Hungary People's Republic of Hungary The People's Republic of Hungary or Hungarian People's Republic was the official state name of Hungary from 1949 to 1989 during its Communist period under the guidance of the Soviet Union. The state remained in existence until 1989 when opposition forces consolidated in forcing the regime to... was replaced by the Republic of Hungary Bulgaria Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...	1849-04-14	Independence declared from Habsburg Empire	1947-02-10	With the Paris Peace Treaty Paris Peace Treaties, 1947 The Paris Peace Conference resulted in the Paris Peace Treaties signed on February 10, 1947. The victorious wartime Allied powers negotiated the details of treaties with Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Finland .The... , Hungary loses all territories that were regained with the Vienna Awards Vienna Awards The Vienna Awards are two arbitral awards by which arbiters of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy sought to enforce peacefully the claims of Hungary on territory it had lost in 1920 when it signed the Treaty of Trianon... and during World War II, thus it returns to the 1920 borders (except for three villages in the northwest given to Czechoslovakia).
Hungary	1989-10-23		1991-06-19	End of 46 years long Soviet Soviet Union The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.... occupation.	1947-02-10
Iceland	930	The Icelandic Commonwealth Icelandic Commonwealth The Icelandic Commonwealth, Icelandic Free State, or Republic of Iceland was the state existing in Iceland between the establishment of the Althing in 930 and the pledge of fealty to the Norwegian king in 1262... established.	1944-06-17	Secedes from a Union with Denmark Kingdom of Iceland The Kingdom of Iceland was a constitutional monarchy lasting from 1 December 1918 until 17 June 1944, when the republic was proclaimed.- Origins in Danish rule :... formally as an independent republic.	1972-09-01	No territorial changes on land have taken place, however the expansion of the Exclusive Economic Zone Exclusive Economic Zone Under the law of the sea, an exclusive economic zone is a seazone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources, including production of energy from water and wind. It stretches from the seaward edge of the state's territorial sea out to 200 nautical... was such an important change in territory for Iceland that it merits a special inclusion here.
Iceland	930		1946	Departure of last United States occupation troops	1972-09-01
Republic of Ireland	1919-01-21	Elected Irish Parliament Dáil Éireann First Dáil The First Dáil was Dáil Éireann as it convened from 1919–1921. In 1919 candidates who had been elected in the Westminster elections of 1918 refused to recognise the Parliament of the United Kingdom and instead assembled as a unicameral, revolutionary parliament called "Dáil Éireann"... unilaterally declares Ireland's independence from the United Kingdom	1922-12-06	Irish Free State Irish Free State The Irish Free State was the state established as a Dominion on 6 December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed by the British government and Irish representatives exactly twelve months beforehand... secedes from United Kingdom by agreement in accordance with the terms of the Anglo-Irish Treaty Anglo-Irish Treaty The Anglo-Irish Treaty , officially called the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty Between Great Britain and Ireland, was a treaty between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and representatives of the secessionist Irish Republic that concluded the Irish War of... but remains a dominion Dominion A dominion, often Dominion, refers to one of a group of autonomous polities that were nominally under British sovereignty, constituting the British Empire and British Commonwealth, beginning in the latter part of the 19th century. They have included Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Newfoundland,... of the British Empire	1922-12-08	Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Northern Ireland is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west... secedes from the Irish Free State and rejoins the United Kingdom in accordance with the Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922 Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922 The Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, passed in 1922 to confirm the Constitution of the Irish Free State, and to ratify the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty....
			1931-12-11	Statute of Westminster Statute of Westminster 1931 The Statute of Westminster 1931 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Passed on 11 December 1931, the Act established legislative equality for the self-governing dominions of the British Empire with the United Kingdom... confers legislative independence from the United Kingdom
			1949-04-18	Republic of Ireland Act 1948 declares the state to be a republic and thus no longer subject in any way to the British Crown
Italy	1861-03-17	Italian unification Italian unification Italian unification was the political and social movement that agglomerated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century...	1945-04-25	Disestablishment of the German Nazi Germany Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by... -backed Italian Social Republic Italian Social Republic The Italian Social Republic was a puppet state of Nazi Germany led by the "Duce of the Nation" and "Minister of Foreign Affairs" Benito Mussolini and his Republican Fascist Party. The RSI exercised nominal sovereignty in northern Italy but was largely dependent on the Wehrmacht to maintain control... , whereby the unity and independence of the Italian state was restored	1975-11-10	Signing of the Treaty of Osimo Treaty of Osimo The Treaty of Osimo was signed on 10 November 1975 by the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Italian Republic in Osimo, Italy, to definitely divide the Free Territory of Trieste between the two states... which definitely divides the Free Territory of Trieste Free Territory of Trieste The Free Territory of Trieste was to be a city-state situated in Central Europe between northern Italy and Yugoslavia, created by the United Nations Security Council in the aftermath of World War II and provisionally administered by an appointed military governor commanding the peacekeeping United... between Italy and Yugoslavia Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...
Lithuania			1918-02-16	Independence declared from Germany and Russia	1939-10-27 and 1940-08-03	Eastern Vilnius Region Vilnius region Vilnius Region , refers to the territory in the present day Lithuania, that was originally inhabited by ethnic Baltic tribes and was a part of Lithuania proper, but came under East Slavic and Polish cultural influences over time,... ceded to Lithuania
Lithuania			1990-03-11	Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania The Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania or Act of March 11 was an independence declaration by the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic adopted on March 11, 1990... independence (from the Soviet Union) reasserted, end of occupation	1939-10-27 and 1940-08-03
Latvia			1918-11-18	Independence declared from Germany and Russia	1944	Abrene district Abrene district The Abrene district was an administrative district in the Republic of Latvia with an area of 4292 square kilometers, formed in 1925 from the northern part of the Ludza district and the western part of the Ostrov region as the Jaunlatgale district, but this was renamed Abrene in 1938... ceded to Russian SFSR (modern Russia)
Latvia			1990-05-04	Independence (from Soviet Union) reasserted, end of occupation	1944
Liechtenstein			1813-10-19	Dissolution of the Confederation of the Rhine Confederation of the Rhine The Confederation of the Rhine was a confederation of client states of the First French Empire. It was formed initially from 16 German states by Napoleon after he defeated Austria's Francis II and Russia's Alexander I in the Battle of Austerlitz. The Treaty of Pressburg, in effect, led to the...	1719-01-23	Purchase of Vaduz Vaduz Vaduz is the capital of the principality of Liechtenstein and the seat of the national parliament. The town, located along the Rhine, has about 5,100 inhabitants , most of whom are Roman Catholic. Its cathedral is the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishop....
Luxembourg	1890-11-23	Separates from union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands, becomes Grand Duchy in its own right	1945	End of German occupation Military occupation Military occupation occurs when the control and authority over a territory passes to a hostile army. The territory then becomes occupied territory.-Military occupation and the laws of war:... during World War II	1839-04-19	Partition of Luxembourg under the Treaty of London
Republic of Macedonia			1991-09-08	After a referendum, the Socialist Republic of Macedonia Socialist Republic of Macedonia The Socialist Republic of Macedonia was a socialist state that was a constituent country of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia... declared independence from Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
Malta			1964-09-21	Independence from United Kingdom
Moldova			1991-08-27	Independence from Soviet Union	1940-08-02	Moldavian SSR Moldavian SSR The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic , commonly abbreviated to Moldavian SSR or MSSR, was one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union... formed
Monaco			1861	Franco-Monegasque Treaty Franco-Monegasque Treaty The Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861 granted sovereignty to Monaco. Previously, under the Treaty of Vienna it had been a protectorate of the Kingdom of Sardinia.... confirms Monaco's sovereignty (formerly a protectorate of the Kingdom of Sardinia Kingdom of Sardinia The Kingdom of Sardinia consisted of the island of Sardinia first as a part of the Crown of Aragon and subsequently the Spanish Empire , and second as a part of the composite state of the House of Savoy . Its capital was originally Cagliari, in the south of the island, and later Turin, on the... )
Kingdom of Montenegro			2006-06-03	Declaration of independence from Serbia and Montenegro Serbia and Montenegro Serbia and Montenegro was a country in southeastern Europe, formed from two former republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia : Serbia and Montenegro. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, it was established in 1992 as a federation called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
Netherlands	1568	Treaty of Münster Peace of Münster The Peace of Münster was a treaty between the Dutch Republic and Spain signed in 1648. It was a landmark treaty for the Dutch republic and one of the key events in Dutch history; with it, the United Netherlands finally became independent from the Spanish Crown... signed, independence from Spain Habsburg Spain Habsburg Spain refers to the history of Spain over the 16th and 17th centuries , when Spain was ruled by the major branch of the Habsburg dynasty...	1945-05-05	German occupying forces surrender.	1839-04-19	The United Kingdom of the Netherlands United Kingdom of the Netherlands United Kingdom of the Netherlands is the unofficial name used to refer to Kingdom of the Netherlands during the period after it was first created from part of the First French Empire and before the new kingdom of Belgium split out in 1830... divided under the Treaty of London (1839).
Norway	872	King Harald I of Norway Harald I of Norway Harald Fairhair or Harald Finehair , , son of Halfdan the Black, was the first king of Norway.-Background:Little is known of the historical Harald... unifies the Petty kingdoms of Norway Petty kingdoms of Norway The Petty kingdoms of Norway were the entities from which the later Kingdom of Norway was founded. Before the unification of Norway in 872 and during the period of fragmentation after King Harald Fairhair's death Norway was divided in several small kingdoms... .	1814	Dissolution of the union between Norway and Denmark Denmark–Norway Denmark–Norway is the historiographical name for a former political entity consisting of the kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, including the originally Norwegian dependencies of Iceland, Greenland and the Faroe Islands... and establishment of the Constitution of Norway Constitution of Norway The Constitution of Norway was first adopted on May 16, 1814 by the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll , then signed and dated May 17...	1930-02-27	Jan Mayen Jan Mayen Jan Mayen Island is a volcanic island in the Arctic Ocean and part of the Kingdom of Norway. It is long and 373 km2 in area, partly covered by glaciers . It has two parts: larger northeast Nord-Jan and smaller Sør-Jan, linked by an isthmus wide... was made part of the Kingdom of Norway.
			1905-06-07	Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden
			1945-05-08	German occupying forces surrender.
Poland	1989-06-04	The first partially free Parliament's vote after 45-years long Soviet domination	966	adoption of Christianity Christianity Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings... by the first historically documented Polish ruler Mieszko I.	1951-02-15	Polish-Soviet border adjustment treaty 1951 Polish-Soviet territorial exchange The 1951 Polish–Soviet territorial exchange or Polish-Soviet border adjustment treaty of 1951 was a border adjustments signed in Moscow between the People's Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union regarding roughly of land, along their mutual border...
Poland	1989-06-04		1025	formation of the Kingdom of Poland by Mieszko's son Bolesław I Chrobry.	1951-02-15
Portugal	1974-04-25	Carnation Revolution Carnation Revolution The Carnation Revolution , also referred to as the 25 de Abril , was a military coup started on 25 April 1974, in Lisbon, Portugal, coupled with an unanticipated and extensive campaign of civil resistance... ends the authoritarian Estado Novo	1139-07-26	County of Portugal County of Portugal The County of Portugal was the region around Braga and Porto, today corresponding to littoral northern Portugal, from the late ninth to the early twelfth century, during which it was held in vassalage from the Kingdom of León.-History:... becomes independent History of Portugal (1112-1279) The history of Portugal, in most of the 12th and 13th centuries, is chiefly that of its origin as a separate state, in the process of the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula.-Background:... from the Kingdom of León Kingdom of León The Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. It was founded in AD 910 when the Christian princes of Asturias along the northern coast of the peninsula shifted their capital from Oviedo to the city of León... after the Battle of Ourique Battle of Ourique The Battle of Ourique saw the forces of Portuguese Prince Afonso Henriques defeat the Almoravid Moors led by Ali ibn Yusuf.-Background:... as part of the Reconquista Reconquista The Reconquista was a period of almost 800 years in the Middle Ages during which several Christian kingdoms succeeded in retaking the Muslim-controlled areas of the Iberian Peninsula broadly known as Al-Andalus... . Recognized by León in 1143 and by the Pope Pope The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church . In the Catholic Church, the Pope is regarded as the successor of Saint Peter, the Apostle... in 1179.	1801-06-06	Spain occupies the present day border town of Olivença Olivenza Olivenza or Olivença is a town in the autonomous community of Extremadura, situated on a disputed section of the border between Portugal and Spain... since the War of the Oranges War of the Oranges The War of the Oranges was a brief conflict in 1801 in which Spanish forces, instigated by the government of France, and ultimately supported by the French military, invaded Portugal... .
Kingdom of Romania	1989-12-22	Romanian Revolution of 1989 Romanian Revolution of 1989 The Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a series of riots and clashes in December 1989. These were part of the Revolutions of 1989 that occurred in several Warsaw Pact countries...	1877-05-21	Independence declared from the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...	1947-02-10	Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
Kingdom of Romania	1989-12-22		1878-07-13	Independence recognized internationally by the Treaty of Berlin	1947-02-10	Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
San Marino	1600	Constitution of San Marino Constitution of San Marino The Constitution of San Marino is distributed over a number of legislative instruments of which the most significant are the Statutes of 1600 and the Declaration of Citizen Rights of 1974 as amended in 2002. The constitutional system has influences from the Corpus Juris Civilis and Roman customary...	301-09-03	Traditional founding	1463	Added Fiorentino Fiorentino Fiorentino is one of the 9 communes or "castelli" of the Republic of San Marino. It has 2 245 inhabitants in an area of 6.57 km².- Geography :... , Montegiardino Montegiardino Montegiardino is one of the 9 communes or "castelli" of San Marino. It has 818 inhabitants in an area of 3.31 km².-Geography:... , Serravalle, and Faetano Faetano Faetano is one of the 9 communes or "castelli" of San Marino. It has 1.132 inhabitants in an area of 7,75 km².-Geography:...
San Marino	1600		1243	Formation of republican government	1463
Serbia	2006-06-08	Republic of Serbia declared legal successor to Serbia and Montenegro Serbia and Montenegro Serbia and Montenegro was a country in southeastern Europe, formed from two former republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia : Serbia and Montenegro. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, it was established in 1992 as a federation called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia... , ending the process of the dissolution of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century.... .	1835-02-15	Serbia Serbian revolution Serbian revolution or Revolutionary Serbia refers to the national and social revolution of the Serbian people taking place between 1804 and 1835, during which this territory evolved from an Ottoman province into a constitutional monarchy and a modern nation-state... proclaimed a hereditary constitutional monarchy. International recognition by the Treaty of Berlin Treaty of Berlin The name Treaty of Berlin is attached to several treaties:* Treaty of Berlin , an alliance between Hanover-Great Britain and Denmark in the Great Northern War* Treaty of Berlin , between Austria and Prussia, signed but not ratified by Russia... {{Disambiguation needed\|date=June 2011}}.	2008-02-17	Unilateral declaration of independence of Kosovo Republic of Kosovo Kosovo , officially the Republic of Kosovo is a partially recognised state and a disputed territory in the Balkans... from Serbia Serbia Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans... . UN Court of Justice International Court of Justice The International Court of Justice is the primary judicial organ of the United Nations. It is based in the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands... 's opinion on the issue requested by Serbia.
Slovakia			1993-01-01	Dissolution of Czechoslovakia Dissolution of Czechoslovakia The dissolution of Czechoslovakia, which took effect on 1 January 1993, was an event that saw the self-determined separation of the federal state of Czechoslovakia. The Czech Republic and Slovakia, entities which had arisen in 1969 within the framework of Czechoslovak federalisation, became... , creating Slovakia Slovakia The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south... and Czech Republic Czech Republic The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
Slovenia			1991-06-25	Declaration of independence from Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
Spain	1978	Constitution of Spain	1478	Unification of the state with the abolition of the Crown of Aragon Crown of Aragon The Crown of Aragon Corona d'Aragón Corona d'Aragó Corona Aragonum controlling a large portion of the present-day eastern Spain and southeastern France, as well as some of the major islands and mainland possessions stretching across the Mediterranean as far as Greece... , after the Spanish Succesion War.	1801-06-06	Spain takes in Olivenza Olivenza Olivenza or Olivença is a town in the autonomous community of Extremadura, situated on a disputed section of the border between Portugal and Spain... as a result of the War of the Oranges War of the Oranges The War of the Oranges was a brief conflict in 1801 in which Spanish forces, instigated by the government of France, and ultimately supported by the French military, invaded Portugal... .
Sweden	1523-06-06	Gustav Vasa elected King of Sweden and marking a definite secession from the Kalmar Union Kalmar Union The Kalmar Union is a historiographical term meaning a series of personal unions that united the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway , and Sweden under a single monarch, though intermittently and with a population... .	1905-06-07	Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden	1809-03-29	Loss of Finland to Imperial Russia.
Switzerland	1848-11-12	Foundation of the federal state Switzerland as a federal state The rise of Switzerland as a federal state began on September 12, 1848, with the creation of a federal constitution, which was created in response to a 27-day civil war in Switzerland, the Sonderbundskrieg... after Sonderbund war	1291	Traditional founding
Switzerland	1848-11-12		1815-08-07	Restoration of the Ancien Régime (federalism Federalism Federalism is a political concept in which a group of members are bound together by covenant with a governing representative head. The term "federalism" is also used to describe a system of the government in which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and... ), reverting the changes imposed by Napoleon Bonaparte.
Ukraine			1991-08-24	Independence from Soviet Union declared	1954-02-19	Transfer of Crimea Crimea Crimea , or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , is a sub-national unit, an autonomous republic, of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name... from Russia to Ukraine Ukrainian SSR The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or in short, the Ukrainian SSR was a sovereign Soviet Socialist state and one of the fifteen constituent republics of the Soviet Union lasting from its inception in 1922 to the breakup in 1991...
United Kingdom	1707-05-01	The Acts of Union Acts of Union 1707 The Acts of Union were two Parliamentary Acts - the Union with Scotland Act passed in 1706 by the Parliament of England, and the Union with England Act passed in 1707 by the Parliament of Scotland - which put into effect the terms of the Treaty of Union that had been agreed on 22 July 1706,... united the two kingdoms of Scotland and England (including Wales) to create the Kingdom of Great Britain Kingdom of Great Britain The former Kingdom of Great Britain, sometimes described as the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain', That the Two Kingdoms of Scotland and England, shall upon the 1st May next ensuing the date hereof, and forever after, be United into One Kingdom by the Name of GREAT BRITAIN. was a sovereign...	843	Kingdom of Scotland Kingdom of Scotland The Kingdom of Scotland was a Sovereign state in North-West Europe that existed from 843 until 1707. It occupied the northern third of the island of Great Britain and shared a land border to the south with the Kingdom of England...	1922-12-06 then 1922-12-08	Irish Free State Irish Free State The Irish Free State was the state established as a Dominion on 6 December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed by the British government and Irish representatives exactly twelve months beforehand... secedes from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom during the period when what is now the Republic of Ireland formed a part of it.... by agreement in accordance with the terms of the Anglo-Irish Treaty Anglo-Irish Treaty The Anglo-Irish Treaty , officially called the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty Between Great Britain and Ireland, was a treaty between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and representatives of the secessionist Irish Republic that concluded the Irish War of... and the Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922 Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922 The Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, passed in 1922 to confirm the Constitution of the Irish Free State, and to ratify the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty....
			927-12-07	Kingdom of England Kingdom of England The Kingdom of England was, from 927 to 1707, a sovereign state to the northwest of continental Europe. At its height, the Kingdom of England spanned the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and several smaller outlying islands; what today comprises the legal jurisdiction of England...
			1171 then 1542	Lordship of Ireland Lordship of Ireland The Lordship of Ireland refers to that part of Ireland that was under the rule of the king of England, styled Lord of Ireland, between 1177 and 1541. It was created in the wake of the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169–71 and was succeeded by the Kingdom of Ireland... Kingdom of Ireland Kingdom of Ireland The Kingdom of Ireland refers to the country of Ireland in the period between the proclamation of Henry VIII as King of Ireland by the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 and the Act of Union in 1800. It replaced the Lordship of Ireland, which had been created in 1171...
			1216	Principality of Wales Principality of Wales The Principality of Wales existed between 1216 and 1542, encompassing two-thirds of modern Wales.It was formally founded in 1216 at the Council of Aberdyfi, and later recognised by the 1218 Treaty of Worcester between Llywelyn the Great of Wales and Henry III of England...
Vatican City	1274	Birth of current form of government the Papal conclave Papal conclave A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a Bishop of Rome, who then becomes the Pope during a period of vacancy in the papal office. The Pope is considered by Roman Catholics to be the apostolic successor of Saint Peter and earthly head of the Roman Catholic Church... in 1274	1929-06-07	Ratification of the Lateran Treaty, making the Vatican City a sovereign State	1929-02-11	Signing of the Lateran Treaty

Oceania

Country	Date	Birth of current form of government	Date	Date of acquisition of sovereignty	Date	Date of most recent significant territorial modification
Australia	1901-01-01	Commonwealth of Australia established as a Dominion Dominion A dominion, often Dominion, refers to one of a group of autonomous polities that were nominally under British sovereignty, constituting the British Empire and British Commonwealth, beginning in the latter part of the 19th century. They have included Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Newfoundland,... of the British Empire British Empire The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height, it was the... .	1942-10-09	Statute of Westminster Statute of Westminster 1931 The Statute of Westminster 1931 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Passed on 11 December 1931, the Act established legislative equality for the self-governing dominions of the British Empire with the United Kingdom... was adopted by Australia Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 The Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 is an Act of the Australian Parliament that formally adopted the Statute of Westminster 1931, an Act of the British Imperial Parliament enabling the legislative independence of the various self-governing Dominions of the British Empire...	1975-09-16	Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea , officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands... becomes formally independent of Australia
Australia	1901-01-01		1986-03-03	Australia Act 1986 Australia Act 1986 The Australia Act 1986 is the name given to a pair of separate but related pieces of legislation: one an Act of the Commonwealth Parliament of Australia, the other an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom... eliminated the remaining ties between the legislature Legislature A legislature is a kind of deliberative assembly with the power to pass, amend, and repeal laws. The law created by a legislature is called legislation or statutory law. In addition to enacting laws, legislatures usually have exclusive authority to raise or lower taxes and adopt the budget and... and judiciary Judiciary The judiciary is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state. The judiciary also provides a mechanism for the resolution of disputes... of Australia and their counterparts in the United Kingdom.	1975-09-16
Fiji			1970-10-10	Independence from United Kingdom
Kiribati			1979-07-12	Independence from United Kingdom	1975-10-01	Separation of Gilbert Islands Gilbert Islands The Gilbert Islands are a chain of sixteen atolls and coral islands in the Pacific Ocean. They are the main part of Republic of Kiribati and include Tarawa, the site of the country's capital and residence of almost half of the population.-Geography:The atolls and islands of the Gilbert Islands... (later Kiribati) and Ellice Islands (later Tuvalu Tuvalu Tuvalu , formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls... )
Marshall Islands	1979-05-01	Constitution and local government established	1986-10-21	Compact of Free Association Compact of Free Association The Compact of Free Association defines the relationship that three sovereign states—the Federated States of Micronesia , the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau—have entered into as associated states with the United States.Now sovereign nations, the three freely associated... with the United States
Federated States of Micronesia	1979-05-10	Constitution ratified	1986-11-03	Compact of Free Association Compact of Free Association The Compact of Free Association defines the relationship that three sovereign states—the Federated States of Micronesia , the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau—have entered into as associated states with the United States.Now sovereign nations, the three freely associated... with the United States	1979-05-10	Yap Yap Yap, also known as Wa'ab by locals, is an island in the Caroline Islands of the western Pacific Ocean. It is a state of the Federated States of Micronesia. Yap's indigenous cultures and traditions are still strong compared to other neighboring islands. The island of Yap actually consists of four... , Chuuk Chuuk Chuuk — formerly Truk, Ruk, Hogoleu, Torres, Ugulat, and Lugulus — is an island group in the south western part of the Pacific Ocean. It comprises one of the four states of the Federated States of Micronesia , along with Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap. Chuuk is the most populous of the FSM's... , Pohnpei Pohnpei Not to be confused with Pompeii, the ancient city destroyed by Vesuvius in AD 79.Pohnpei "upon a stone altar " is the name of one of the four states in the Federated States of Micronesia , situated among the Senyavin Islands which are part of the larger Caroline Islands group... , and Kosrae Kosrae Kosrae , formerly known as Kusaie, is an island in Micronesia. The State of Kosrae is one of four states of the Federated States of Micronesia, and includes, besides the island of Kosrae, about a dozen satellite islands and islets, the most significant of which is Lelu Island.-Geography:With a... unite to form the Federated States of Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia The Federated States of Micronesia or FSM is an independent, sovereign island nation, made up of four states from west to east: Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Kosrae. It comprises approximately 607 islands with c...
Nauru			1968-01-31	Independence from UN United Nations The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace... Trusteeship
New Zealand	1840-02-06	Treaty of Waitangi Treaty of Waitangi The Treaty of Waitangi is a treaty first signed on 6 February 1840 by representatives of the British Crown and various Māori chiefs from the North Island of New Zealand.... between the British Crown United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom during the period when what is now the Republic of Ireland formed a part of it.... and the indigenous Māori tribes Iwi In New Zealand society, iwi form the largest everyday social units in Māori culture. The word iwi means "'peoples' or 'nations'. In "the work of European writers which treat iwi and hapū as parts of a hierarchical structure", it has been used to mean "tribe" , or confederation of tribes,... cedes kawanatanga Kawanatanga Kāwanatanga is a word from the Māori language of New Zealand. The word kāwanatanga was first used in the Declaration of Independence of New Zealand, 1835. It reappeared in 1840 when the Treaty of Waitangi was being translated from English into Māori. It was used there to translate the concept of... of New Zealand to Queen Victoria Victoria of the United Kingdom Victoria was the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she used the additional title of Empress of India.... .	De facto: from 1856-05-07	Formation of first responsible ministry Responsible government Responsible government is a conception of a system of government that embodies the principle of parliamentary accountability which is the foundation of the Westminster system of parliamentary democracy... in 1856.	1840-02-06	Treaty of Waitangi Treaty of Waitangi The Treaty of Waitangi is a treaty first signed on 6 February 1840 by representatives of the British Crown and various Māori chiefs from the North Island of New Zealand.... effectively unites the New Zealand archipelago as a single territory.The Kermadec Islands Kermadec Islands The Kermadec Islands are a subtropical island arc in the South Pacific Ocean northeast of New Zealand's North Island, and a similar distance southwest of Tonga... were incorporated in 1887.
New Zealand	1840-02-06		De jure: 1947-12-10	New Zealand Constitution Amendment Act 1947 Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947 The Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947 was a constitutional Act of the New Zealand Parliament that formally accepted the full external autonomy offered by the British Parliament... receives royal assent.	1840-02-06
Palau	1981-01-01	Republic of Palau created upon adoption of constitution	1994-10-01	Emerged from United Nations trusteeship (administered by the United States).
Papua New Guinea			1973-12-01	Self governing colony
Papua New Guinea			1975-09-16	Independence from Australia
Samoa			1962-06-01	Independence from New Zealand
Solomon Islands			1976-01-02	Self government granted by United Kingdom
Solomon Islands			1978-07-07	Independence from United Kingdom
Tonga			1970-07-04	Independence from United Kingdom	1845-12-04	Unification of what is now the islands of Tonga by George Tupou I of Tonga George Tupou I of Tonga George Tupou I, King of Tonga , originally known as Tāufaāhau I with some extra names: Tupou Maeakafaua Ngininginiofolanga , but took the name Siaosi when baptised in 1831...
Tuvalu	1975-10-01	Separation of Gilbert Islands Gilbert Islands The Gilbert Islands are a chain of sixteen atolls and coral islands in the Pacific Ocean. They are the main part of Republic of Kiribati and include Tarawa, the site of the country's capital and residence of almost half of the population.-Geography:The atolls and islands of the Gilbert Islands... (later Kiribati Kiribati Kiribati , officially the Republic of Kiribati, is an island nation located in the central tropical Pacific Ocean. The permanent population exceeds just over 100,000 , and is composed of 32 atolls and one raised coral island, dispersed over 3.5 million square kilometres, straddling the... ) and Ellice Islands (later Tuvalu)	1978-10-01	Independence from United Kingdom	1979-02-07	Treaty with United States recognizing Tuvaluan control over Funafuti Funafuti Funafuti is an atoll that forms the capital of the island nation of Tuvalu. It has a population of 4,492 , making it the most populated atoll in the country. It is a narrow sweep of land between 20 and 400 metres wide, encircling a large lagoon 18 km long and 14 km wide, with a surface of... , Nukufetau Nukufetau Nukufetau is an atoll that is part of the nation of Tuvalu. The atoll was claimed by the US under the Guano Islands Act some time in the 19th century and was ceded in a treaty of friendship concluded in 1979 and coming into force in 1983... , Nukulaelae Nukulaelae Nukulaelae is an atoll that is part of the nation of Tuvalu, and has a population of 393. It has the form of an oval and consists of at least 15 islets... , and Niulakita Niulakita Niulakita is the southernmost reef island, which is a district of Tuvalu, and the name of the only village on this island. The junior school is Lotoalofa Primary School.-Geographical features:... atolls
Vanuatu			1980-07-30	Independence from joint British-French condominium Condominium (international law) In international law, a condominium is a political territory in or over which two or more sovereign powers formally agree to share equally dominium and exercise their rights jointly, without dividing it up into 'national' zones.Although a condominium has always been...

Transcontinental states

Country	Date	Birth of current form of government	Date	Date of acquisition of sovereignty	Date	Date of most recent significant territorial modification
Egypt	1952-07-23	Egyptian Revolution of 1952	1922-02-28	Unilateral recognition Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence The Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence was issued by the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 28 February 1922... of independence by the United Kingdom United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom during the period when what is now the Republic of Ireland formed a part of it.... but continued British military occupation	1982-04-25	Withdrawal of last Israeli troops and settlers from Sinai as agreed upon in the peace treaty with Israel Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty The 1979 Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty was signed in Washington, D.C. on the 26th of March 1979, following the 1978 Camp David Accords, which were signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, and were witnessed by United States President Jimmy Carter.The peace...
	1953-06-18	Republic proclaimed	1956-06-18	Withdrawal of last British troops from the Suez Canal Zone Suez Canal The Suez Canal , also known by the nickname "The Highway to India", is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction work, it allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigation...
	1953-06-18	Republic proclaimed	1961-09-28	De facto disestablishment of the United Arab Republic United Arab Republic The United Arab Republic , often abbreviated as the U.A.R., was a sovereign union between Egypt and Syria. The union began in 1958 and existed until 1961, when Syria seceded from the union. Egypt continued to be known officially as the "United Arab Republic" until 1971. The President was Gamal... following a military coup Haydar al-Kuzbari Haydar al-Kuzbari was a Syrian military officer and member of "The revolution High commander of army and armed forces."Kuzbari is a son of well known family which owned lands in Damascus. Historically, the Kuzbari family were scientists and lands owners. Haydar's father is sheikh Yaseen... in Damascus Damascus Damascus , commonly known in Syria as Al Sham , and as the City of Jasmine , is the capital and the second largest city of Syria after Aleppo, both are part of the country's 14 governorates. In addition to being one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Damascus is a major...
Russia	1990-06-12	Russian SFSR declares sovereignty over its own territory	1480	Grand Duchy of Muscovy secures its independence from the Golden Horde Golden Horde The Golden Horde was a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate that formed the north-western sector of the Mongol Empire...	1954-02-19	Transfer of Crimea Crimea Crimea , or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , is a sub-national unit, an autonomous republic, of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name... from Russia to Ukraine Ukrainian SSR The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or in short, the Ukrainian SSR was a sovereign Soviet Socialist state and one of the fifteen constituent republics of the Soviet Union lasting from its inception in 1922 to the breakup in 1991...
Turkey	1923-10-29	Turkey was declared as a republic.	1923-06-24	Treaty of Lausanne Treaty of Lausanne The Treaty of Lausanne was a peace treaty signed in Lausanne, Switzerland on 24 July 1923, that settled the Anatolian and East Thracian parts of the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. The treaty of Lausanne was ratified by the Greek government on 11 February 1924, by the Turkish government on 31... recognizes the new Turkish state as the successor state of the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...	1939-06-29	Syrian province of Iskanderun transferred by French Mandatory Government to Turkey. Annexed by Turkey as Hatay State

Sortable list

In this list, "date of last subordination" refers to the last date of control by an external government. In some cases this is the same as the date of independence marking decolonization

Decolonization

Decolonization refers to the undoing of colonialism, the unequal relation of polities whereby one people or nation establishes and maintains dependent Territory over another...

or dissolution of a political union

Political union

. In other cases, a sovereign state submitted to foreign military occupation

Military occupation

Military occupation occurs when the control and authority over a territory passes to a hostile army. The territory then becomes occupied territory.-Military occupation and the laws of war:...

Tender of Union

1657-1660). Some Scots view the 1707 union as a ceding of sovereignty to England. (See discussion archive.)

Country	First acquisition of sovereignty	Date of last subordination	Previous governing power	Notes
Afghanistan	{{dts\|1919\|Aug\|19}}	{{dts\|1989}}	Soviet Union Soviet Union The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....	Occupied in 2001 War in Afghanistan (2001–present) The War in Afghanistan began on October 7, 2001, as the armed forces of the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Australia, and the Afghan United Front launched Operation Enduring Freedom... by US-led forces, but these were in support of the UN-recognized Islamic State of Afghanistan Islamic State of Afghanistan The Islamic State of Afghanistan was the name of the state of Afghanistan after the collapse of the communist regime, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, in 1992. In 1996, the country was renamed the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan by the Taliban, after seizing control of the majority of the... (the Northern Alliance Northern Alliance The Afghan Northern Alliance is a military-political umbrella organization created by the Islamic State of Afghanistan in 1996.Northern Alliance may also refer to:*Northern Alliance , a Canadian white supremacist group... ); Hamid Karzai Hamid Karzai Hamid Karzai, GCMG is the 12th and current President of Afghanistan, taking office on 7 December 2004. He became a dominant political figure after the removal of the Taliban regime in late 2001... was chosen at the 2001 International Conference on Afghanistan to lead the Afghan Interim Authority, and subsequently elected President President of Afghanistan Afghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of kings, emirs or shahs... in 2004. Previously occupied by India, Persia, Bokhara, Russia and UK, until 1919 Treaty of Rawalpindi Treaty of Rawalpindi The Treaty of Rawalpindi was an armistice made between the United Kingdom and Afghanistan during the Third Anglo-Afghan War...
Albania

}
| {{dts|1944|Nov}}
| Germany
| Unified

League of Lezhë

1444 under Skanderbeg

Skanderbeg

. Occupied by Ottoman Empire

History of Ottoman Albania

ca 1480-1912

Albanian Declaration of Independence

, by Italy

Albania under Italy

1939-43, and by Germany

Albania under Nazi Germany

1943-44.
|-
|

Algeria
| {{dts|1962|Jul|3}}
| {{dts|1962|Jul|3}}
| France
|
|-
|

Andorra
| {{dts|1278|Sep|7}}
| {{dts|1944|Nov}}
| France
| Acte de paréage 1278; occupied several times by France: 1812-13, 1870, 1914, 1936, 1939
|-
|

Angola
| {{dts|1975|Nov|11}}
| {{dts|1975|Nov|11}}
| Portugal
| Alvor Agreement

Alvor Agreement

The Alvor Agreement, signed on January 15, 1975, granted Angola independence from Portugal on November 11, ending the war for independence while marking the transition to civil war...

|-
|

Antigua and Barbuda
| {{dts|1981|Nov|1}}
| {{dts|1981|Nov|1}}
| United Kingdom
|
|-
|

Argentina
| {{dts|1810|May|25}}
| {{dts|1816|July|9}}
| Spain
| Congress of Tucumán

Congress of Tucumán

|-
|

Armenia
| {{dts|-190}}
| {{dts|1991|Sep|23}}
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

| First independent as Kingdom of Armenia 190 BC – 428 AD
|-
|

Australia
| {{dts|1942|Oct|9}}
| {{dts|1942|Oct|9}}
| United Kingdom
| Dominion

Dominion

status 1902, Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942

Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942

.
|-
|

Austria
| {{dts|1918|Nov|12}}
| {{dts|1955|May|15}}
| World War II Allies

Allies of World War II

The Allies of World War II were the countries that opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War . Former Axis states contributing to the Allied victory are not considered Allied states...

| Austrian State Treaty

Austrian State Treaty

. Previously occupied by Germany.
|-
|

Azerbaijan
| {{dts|1991|Aug|30}}
| {{dts|1991|Aug|30}}
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

|
|-
|

The Bahamas
| {{dts|1973|July|10}}
| {{dts|1973|July|10}}
| United Kingdom
|
|-
|

Bahrain
| {{dts|1971|Dec|16}}
| {{dts|1971|Dec|16}}
| United Kingdom
| Previously ruled by Portugal, by Iran, and by Oman

1717 Omani invasion of Bahrain

.
|-
|

Bangladesh
| {{dts|1971|Mar|26}}
| {{dts|1971|Dec|16}}
| Pakistan
|
|-
|

Barbados
| {{dts|1966|Nov|30}}
| {{dts|1966|Nov|30}}
| United Kingdom
|
|-
|

Belarus
| {{dts|1990|Jul|27}}
| {{dts|1991|Aug|25}}
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

|
|-
|

Belgium
| {{dts|1830|Oct|4}}
| {{dts|1945}}
| Germany
| Part of Netherlands before 1830
|-
|

Belize
| {{dts|1981|Sep|21}}
| {{dts|1981|Sep|21}}
| United Kingdom
|
|-
|

Benin
| {{dts|1960|Aug|1}}
| {{dts|1960|Aug|1}}
| France
|
|-
|

Bhutan
| {{dts|1634}}
| {{dts|1634}} (none)
| -none-
| Autonomous since at least the 10th century. Unified 1634, after the Battle of Five Lamas

Battle of Five Lamas

The Battle of Five Lamas was a battle in 1634 in which Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal prevailed over the Tibetan and Bhutanese forces allied against him...

.
|-
|

Bolivia
| {{dts|1825|Aug|6}}
| {{dts|1825|Aug|6}}
| Spain
| 1836-39 as dominant partner in Peru–Bolivian Confederation, governed from Tacna

Tacna

- Rail :Tacna is served by a cross-border standard gauge railway to Arica, Chile.It is also the location of the National Railway Museum of Peru.-Air:Tacna is served by the Crnl. FAP...

, Peru.
|-
|

Bosnia and Herzegovina
| {{dts|1166}}
| {{dts|1992|Mar|1}}
| Yugoslavia
|
|-
|

Botswana
| {{dts|1966|Sep|30}}
| {{dts|1966|Sep|30}}
| United Kingdom
|
|-
|

Brazil
| {{dts|1822|Sep|7}}
| {{dts|1822|Sep|7}}
| Portugal
|
|-
|

Brunei
| {{dts|1984|Jan|1}}
| {{dts|1984|Jan|1}}
| United Kingdom
| Previously occupied by Japan
|-
|

Kingdom of Bulgaria
| {{dts|681}}
| {{dts|1944}}
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

| Previously occupied by Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire

(1018–1185) and Ottoman Empire (1393-1878)
|-
|

Burkina Faso
| {{dts|1960|Aug|5}}
| {{dts|1960|Aug|5}}
| France
|
|-
|

Burundi
| {{dts|1962|July|1}}
| {{dts|1962|July|1}}
| Belgium
|
|-
|

Cambodia
| {{dts|802}}
| {{dts|1989|Sep|26}}
| Vietnam
| Khmer Empire

Khmer Empire

founded 802 according to Sdok Kok Thom Inscription
|-
|

Cameroon
| {{dts|1960|Jan|1}}
| {{dts|1961}}
| United Kingdom
| Northern part gained independence from France in 1960
|-
|

Canada
| {{dts|1931|Dec|11}}
| {{dts|1931|Dec|11}}
| United Kingdom
| Dominion

Dominion

status 1867, Statute of Westminster

Statute of Westminster 1931

1931.
|-
|

Cape Verde
| {{dts|1975|July|5}}
| {{dts|1975|July|5}}
| Portugal
|
|-
|

Central African Republic
| {{dts|1960|Aug|13}}
| {{dts|1960}}
| France
|
|-
|

Chad
| {{dts|1960|Aug|11}}
| {{dts|1960}}
| France
|
|-
|

Chile
| {{dts|1810|Sep|18}}
| {{dts|1818|Feb|12}}
| Spain
|
|-
|

People's Republic of China
| {{dts|-221}}
| {{dts|1368}}
| Mongol Empire

Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire , initially named as Greater Mongol State was a great empire during the 13th and 14th centuries...

| Unified 221 BC under Qin Dynasty

Qin Dynasty

. Part of the Mongol Empire under the Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty

from 1279 Battle of Yamen

Battle of Yamen

The naval Battle of Yamen took place on 19 March 1279 and is considered to be the last stand of the Song Dynasty against the invading Mongol-controlled Yuan Dynasty...

until 1368. Partial occupation by Japan

Second Sino-Japanese War

, 1937-1945.
|-
|

Colombia
| {{dts|1810|Jul|20}}
| {{dts|1819|Aug|7}}
| Spain
| Battle of Boyacá

Battle of Boyacá

1819
|-
|

Comoros
| {{dts|1975|Jul|6}}
| {{dts|1975}}
| France
|
|-
|

Democratic Republic of the Congo
| {{dts|1885}}
| {{dts|1960|Jun|30}}
| Belgium
| 1885 Berlin Conference

Berlin Conference

The Berlin Conference of 1884–85 regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power...

established Congo Free State

Congo Free State

as sovereign entity (private domain of King Leopold of Belgium); annexed to Belgium 1908-1960.
|-
|

Republic of the Congo
| {{dts|1960|Aug|15}}
| {{dts|1960}}
| France
|
|-
|

Costa Rica
| {{dts|1821|Sep|15}}
| {{dts|1838}}
| Federal Republic of Central America

Federal Republic of Central America

| Previously part of Mexico 1822-23 and a colony of Spain before 1821.
|-
|

Côte d'Ivoire
| {{dts|1960|Aug|7}}
| {{dts|1960}}
| France
|
|-
|

Independent State of Croatia
| {{dts|879|May|21}}
| {{dts|1991|Oct|8}}
| Yugoslavia
| Croats

Croats

came to Roman Dalmatia

Dalmatia (Roman province)

as free people from White Croatia

White Croatia

in the early 7th century.
|-
|

Cuba
| {{dts|1902|May|20}}
| {{dts|1902|May|20}}
| United States
| A colony of Spain

Chronology of Colonial Cuba

The brief historical Chronology of the colonial time of Cuba is about the Spanish colonial period in Cuba, and the efforts to obtain independence from the Spanish Empire...

until 1898, then occupied but not annexed by USA 1899-1902.
|-
|

Cyprus
| {{dts|1960|Aug|16}}
| {{dts|1960}}
| United Kingdom
|
|-
|

Czech Republic
| {{dts|935}}
| {{dts|1968}}
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

| Unified under Boleslaus I who acceded to the throne in 935. Successor to Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...

, previously occupied by Germany and the USSR.
|-
|

Denmark
| {{dts|980}}
| {{dts|1945}}
| Germany
| Unified ca 980 by Harald Bluetooth.
|-
|

Djibouti
| {{dts|1977|Jun|27}}
| {{dts|1977}}
| France
|
|-
|

Dominica
| {{dts|1978|Nov|3}}
| {{dts|1978}}
| United Kingdom
|
|-
|

Dominican Republic
| {{dts|1821}}
| {{dts|1924}}
| United States
| Previously occupied by Spain, France, and Haiti
|-
|

Ecuador
| {{dts|1822|May|24}}
| {{dts|1830|May|13}}
| Gran Colombia

Gran Colombia

| Previously a colony of Spain
|-
|

Egypt
| {{dts|-3100}}
| {{dts|1922|Feb|28}}
| United Kingdom
| Unified in 3100 BC by Pharaoh Menes

Menes

Menes was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the early dynastic period, credited by classical tradition with having united Upper and Lower Egypt, and as the founder of the first dynasty ....

or probably Narmer

Narmer

, founder of the First Dynasty

First dynasty of Egypt

The first dynasty of Ancient Egypt is often combined with the Dynasty II under the group title, Early Dynastic Period of Egypt...

. Conquered at various times by Achaemenid

Achaemenid Empire

The Achaemenid Empire , sometimes known as First Persian Empire and/or Persian Empire, was founded in the 6th century BCE by Cyrus the Great who overthrew the Median confederation...

, Macedonian, Roman

Roman Empire

, Arab/Islamic

Rashidun Caliphate

, Ottoman

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...

, and Napoleonic

First French Empire

The First French Empire , also known as the Greater French Empire or Napoleonic Empire, was the empire of Napoleon I of France...

Empires.
|-
|

El Salvador
| {{dts|1821|Sep|15}}
| {{dts|1898|Nov|21}}
| Greater Republic of Central America
| Previously a part of the Federal Republic of Central America

Federal Republic of Central America

1823-38, Mexico 1822-23, and a colony of Spain before 1821.
|-
|

Equatorial Guinea
| {{dts|1968|Oct|12}}
| {{dts|1968}}
| Spain
|
|-
|

Eritrea
| {{dts|1993|May|24}}
| {{dts|1993|May|24}}
| Ethiopia
|
|-
|

Estonia
| {{dts|1918|Feb|24}}
| {{dts|1991|Aug|20}}
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

| Previously occupied by Denmark, Sweden, Poland, Russia, and Germany.
|-
|

Ethiopia
| {{dts|50}}
| {{dts|1944|Dec}}
| United Kingdom
| Aksumite Empire

Aksumite Empire

founded ca 50. Occupied 1936-1941 by Italy, then administered by UK until 1944 Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement

Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement

.
|-
|

Fiji
| {{dts|1970|Oct|10}}
| {{dts|1970}}
| United Kingdom
|
|-
|

Finland
| {{dts|1917|Dec|6}}
| {{dts|1918}}
| Russian Empire

Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...

|
|-
|

Early Modern France
| {{dts|843}}
| {{dts|1945}}
| Germany
| 843 Treaty of Verdun

Treaty of Verdun

The Treaty of Verdun was a treaty between the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, the son and successor of Charlemagne, which divided the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms...

established West Francia.
|-
|

Gabon
| {{dts|1960|Aug|17}}
| {{dts|1960|Aug|17}}
| France
|
|-
|

The Gambia
| {{dts|1965|Feb|18}}
| {{dts|1965|Feb|18}}
| United Kingdom
|
|-
|

Georgia (country)
| {{dts|1008}}
| {{dts|1991|Apr|8}}
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

|
|-
|

Germany
| {{dts|1871|Jan|18}}
| {{dts|1955|May|5}}
| World War II Allies
| Unified

Unification of Germany

in 1871. Occupied 1945-1955 until ratification of Bonn–Paris conventions.
|-
|

Ghana
| {{dts|1957|Mar|6}}
| {{dts|1957|Mar|6}}
| United Kingdom
|
|-
|

Greece
| {{dts|1822}}
| {{dts|1944}}
| Germany
| Previously occupied jointly by Italy, Germany and Bulgaria; before 1821 by Ottoman Empire.
|-
|

Grenada
| {{dts|1974|Feb|7}}
| {{dts|1974|Feb|7}}
| United Kingdom
|
|-
|

Guatemala
| {{dts|1821|Sep|15}}
| {{dts|1838}}
| Federal Republic of Central America
| Previously part of Mexico 1822-23 and a colony of Spain before 1821.
|-
|

Guinea
| {{dts|1958|Oct|2}}
| {{dts|1958|Oct|2}}
| France
|
|-
|

Guinea-Bissau
| {{dts|1973|Sep|24}}
| {{dts|1974|Sep|10}}
| Portugal
|
|-
|

Guyana
| {{dts|1966|May|26}}
| {{dts|1966|May|26}}
| United Kingdom
| Previously colonized by Dutch
|-
|

Haiti
| {{dts|1804|Jan|1}}
| {{dts|1934}}
| United States
| Previously a colony of France.
|-
|

Honduras
| {{dts|1821|Sep|15}}
| {{dts|1925}}
| United States
| Occupied several times by USA. Previously a part of the Greater Republic of Central America 1896-98, the Federal Republic of Central America

Federal Republic of Central America

1823-38, Mexico 1822-23 and a colony of Spain before 1821.
|-
|

Hungary
| {{dts|895}}
| {{dts|1956}}
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

| Principality of Hungary

Principality of Hungary

founded 895. Ruled by Austria-Hungary before 1918.
|-
|

Iceland
| {{dts|930|}}
| {{dts|1946}}
| United States
| Settled c. 900. Ruled by Danish monarchs from 1380 to 1944, though a Norwegian possession from 1262 to 1814. Regained sovereignty in 1918 as Kingdom of Iceland

Kingdom of Iceland

The Kingdom of Iceland was a constitutional monarchy lasting from 1 December 1918 until 17 June 1944, when the republic was proclaimed.- Origins in Danish rule :...

, current republic founded 1944. Previously occupied by the United Kingdom 1940-41, and the United States from 1941 until withdrawal in 1946.
|-
|

India
| {{dts|1947|Aug|15}}
| {{dts|1950|Jan|26}}
| United Kingdom
| First Indian Empire by Chandragupta Maurya

Chandragupta Maurya

founder of Maurya Empire

Maurya Empire

The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in ancient India, ruled by the Mauryan dynasty from 321 to 185 BC...

, then Gupta Empire

Gupta Empire

320 A.D, then Mughal Empire

Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire ,‎ or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids...

in 1527, then British Raj

British Raj

British Raj was the British rule in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947; The term can also refer to the period of dominion...

since 1857 until Independence.
|-
|

Indonesia
| {{dts|1945|Aug|17}}
| {{dts|1949}}
| Netherlands
| Previously occupied by Portugal, Spain, France, British Empire, and Japan.
|-
|

Iran
| {{dts|-3200}}
| {{dts|1501}}
| Timurid Empire Turkmen

Turkmen people

states
| Proto-Elamite in Early Bronze Age (3200 B.C.). First formation of a civilized state by Cyrus the Great

Cyrus the Great

in Persian Empire (559 BC), then the second Persian Empire by Sassanid Dynasty. Reunification by Safavid Dynasty

Safavid dynasty

(1501).
|-
|

Iraq
| {{dts|1932}}
| {{dts|2004|Jun|28}}
| United States
| Occupied by USA 2003-2004
|-
|

Republic of Ireland
| {{dts|1919|Jan|21}}
| {{dts|1931|Dec|11}}
| United Kingdom
| Independence declared

Declaration of Independence (Ireland)

1919, Dominion

Dominion

status 1922, Statute of Westminster

Statute of Westminster 1931

1931, declared a republic

Republic of Ireland Act

1948.
|-
|

Israel
| {{dts|1948|May|14}}
| {{dts|1948}}
| United Kingdom
|
|-
|

Italy
| {{dts|1861|Mar|17}}
| {{dts|1945}}
| World War II Allies
| Unified

Italian unification

Italian unification was the political and social movement that agglomerated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century...

in 1861.
|-
|

Jamaica
| {{dts|1962|Aug|6}}
| {{dts|1962|Aug|6}}
| United Kingdom
| Previously a Spanish colony
|-
|

Japan
| {{dts|400}}
| {{dts|1952|April|28}}
| World War II Allies
| Founded 660 BC by Emperor Jimmu

Emperor Jimmu

was the first Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He is also known as Kamuyamato Iwarebiko and personally as Wakamikenu no Mikoto or Sano no Mikoto....

according to legend. Unified state emerged during the Kofun period

Kofun period

c. 400 AD. 1952 Treaty of San Francisco

Treaty of San Francisco

The Treaty of Peace with Japan , between Japan and part of the Allied Powers, was officially signed by 48 nations on September 8, 1951, at the War Memorial Opera House in San Francisco, California...

ended postwar occupation.
|-
|

Jordan
| {{dts|1946|May|25}}
| {{dts|1958|Aug|2}}
| Arab Federation

Arab federation

Arab federation can mean:* Arab Federation, a confederation between Iraq and Jordan * Arab League, a regional organization of Arab States in the Middle East and North Africa....

| Part of Arab Federation

Arab federation

Arab federation can mean:* Arab Federation, a confederation between Iraq and Jordan * Arab League, a regional organization of Arab States in the Middle East and North Africa....

Feb-Aug 1958 governed from Baghdad, Iraq. Previously ruled by Persian, Roman, Islamic, and Ottoman Empires; UK, etc.
|-
|

Kazakhstan
| {{dts|1991|Dec|16}}
| {{dts|1991|Dec|16}}
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

|
|-
|

Kenya
| {{dts|1963|Dec|12}}
| {{dts|1963|Dec|12}}
| United Kingdom
|
|-
|

Kiribati
| {{dts|1979|Jul|12}}
| {{dts|1979|Jul|12}}
| United Kingdom
|
|-
|

Kuwait
| {{dts|1961|Jun|19}}
| {{dts|1991|Feb}}
| Iraq
| Previously ruled by Ottoman Empire and UK.
|-
|

Kyrgyzstan
| {{dts|1991|Aug|31}}
| {{dts|1991|Aug|31}}
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

|
|-
|

Laos
| {{dts|1354}}
| {{dts|1953|Nov|9}}
| France
| Occupied by Japan during World War II
|-
|

Latvia
| {{dts|1918|Nov|18}}
| {{dts|1990|May|4}}
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

| Previously ruled by Lithuania, Sweden, and Russia
|-
|

Lebanon
| {{dts|1943|Nov|8}}
| {{dts|1946|Dec|31}}
| France
| Previously ruled by Ottoman Empire
|-
|

Lesotho
| {{dts|1822}}
| {{dts|1966|Oct|4}}
| United Kingdom
|
|-
|

Liberia
| {{dts|1847|Jul|26}}
| {{dts|1847|Jul|26}}
| American Colonization Society

American Colonization Society

| Settled but not claimed by USA
|-
|

Libya
| {{dts|1951|Dec|24}}
| {{dts|1951|Dec|24}}
| United Kingdom and France
| Previously occupied by Italy

History of Libya as Italian Colony

The History of Libya as an Italian colony began in the 1910s and lasted until February 1947, when Italy officially lost all the colonies of the former Italian Empire.-First years:...

and by Ottoman Empire

History of Ottoman Libya

|-
|

Liechtenstein
| {{dts|1806}}
| {{dts|1866}}
| German Confederation

German Confederation

| Previously subject to the Confederation of the Rhine

Confederation of the Rhine

. Formed 1719 from Vaduz

Vaduz

and Schellenberg

Schellenberg

Schellenberg is a municipality in the lowland area of Liechtenstein, on the banks of the Rhine. , it has a population of 952 and covers an area of .-Early history:...

, but under the Holy Roman Empire

Holy Roman Empire

.
|-
|

Lithuania
| {{dts|1253}}
| {{dts|1990|Mar|11}}
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

| Kingdom of Lithuania

Kingdom of Lithuania

; Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania

Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania

The Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania or Act of March 11 was an independence declaration by the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic adopted on March 11, 1990...

|-
|

Luxembourg
| {{dts|1815}}
| {{dts|1945}}
| Germany
| Independent from France 1815 but in personal union

Personal union

with Netherlands until 1890
|-
|

Republic of Macedonia
| {{dts|1991|Sep|8}}
| {{dts|1991|Sep|8}}
| Yugoslavia
|
|-
|

Madagascar
| {{dts|1787}}
| {{dts|1960|Jun|26}}
| France
|
|-
|

Malawi
| {{dts|1964|Jul|6}}
| {{dts|1964|Jul|6}}
| United Kingdom
|
|-
|

Malaysia
| {{dts|1957|Aug|31}}
| {{dts|1957|Aug|31}}
| United Kingdom
|The Federation of Malaya

Federation of Malaya

The Federation of Malaya is the name given to a federation of 11 states that existed from 31 January 1948 until 16 September 1963. The Federation became independent on 31 August 1957...

gained independence in 1957; in 1963 it added territories of Sabah

Sabah

and Sarawak

Sarawak

and changed its name to Malaysia.
|-
|

Maldives
| {{dts|1140}}
| {{dts|1965|Jul|26}}
| United Kingdom
| Unified according to legend by King Koimala

Koimala

(1117-1141). Independent sultanate until 1887, when it became a British protectorate.
|-
|

Mali
| {{dts|1230}}
| {{dts|1960|Sep|22}}
| Mali Federation

Mali Federation

The Mali Federation was a country in West Africa. It was formed by a union between Senegal and the Sudanese Republic...

| Mali Empire

Mali Empire

ca. 1230. A colony of France

French Sudan

1890-1960, then part of Mali Federation

Mali Federation

The Mali Federation was a country in West Africa. It was formed by a union between Senegal and the Sudanese Republic...

governed from Dakar, Senegal.
|-
|

Malta
| {{dts|1964|Sep|21}}
| {{dts|1964|Sep|21}}
| United Kingdom
|
|-
|

Marshall Islands
| {{dts|1986|Oct|21}}
| {{dts|1986|Oct|21}}
| United States
| Compact of Free Association

Compact of Free Association

|-
|

Mauritania
| {{dts|1960|Nov|28}}
| {{dts|1960|Nov|28}}
| France
|
|-
|

Mauritius
| {{dts|1968|Mar|12}}
| {{dts|1968|Mar|12}}
| United Kingdom
| Previously controlled by the Netherlands

Dutch Mauritius

Mauritius was an official settlement of the Dutch East India Company on the island of Mauritius between 1638 and 1710, and used a refreshing station for passing ships...

and France.
|-
|

Mexico
| {{dts|1810|Sep|16}}
| {{dts|1863}}
| France
| Parts of northern Mexico continued under control of Benito Juárez

Benito Juárez

. Previously a colony of Spain
|-
|
| {{dts|1986|Nov|3}}
| {{dts|1986|Nov|3}}
| United States
| Compact of Free Association

Compact of Free Association

|-
|

Moldova
| {{dts|1991|Aug|27}}
| {{dts|1991|Aug|27}}
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

|
|-
|

Monaco
| {{dts|1297}}
| {{dts|1945}}
| Germany
| Previously occupied by Italy and France. Subject to Sardinia 1815-1861.
|-
|

Mongolia
| {{dts|1206}}
| {{dts|1921|Mar|13}}
| China
| Mongol Empire

Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire , initially named as Greater Mongol State was a great empire during the 13th and 14th centuries...

formed 1206; occupied by China during Qing Dynasty (1635–1911) and Republic of China

Occupation of Mongolia

(1919–1921)
|-
|

Kingdom of Montenegro
| {{dts|1042}}
| {{dts|2006|May|21}}
| Serbia and Montenegro

Serbia and Montenegro

| Duklja

Duklja

gained its independence from the Byzantine Empire in 1042. Independent from Ottoman Empire in 1878, union with Serbia/Yugoslavia

Podgorica Assembly

1918-2006. Occupied by Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Germany.
|-
|

Morocco
| {{dts|-110}}
| {{dts|1956}}
| France
| Kingdom of Mauretania

Mauretania

Mauretania is a part of the historical Ancient Libyan land in North Africa. It corresponds to present day Morocco and a part of western Algeria...

110 BC–40 AD. Later occupations by Roman Empire

Mauretania Tingitana

, Umayyad Caliphate, Spain and France.
|-
|

Mozambique
| {{dts|1975|Jun|25}}
| {{dts|1975|Jun|25}}
| Portugal
| Portuguese colony from 1498
|-
|

Myanmar
| {{dts|849}}
| {{dts|1948|Jan|4}}
| United Kingdom
| Pagan Kingdom

Pagan Kingdom

The Pagan Kingdom or Pagan Dynasty was the first kingdom to unify the regions that would later constitute the modern-day Burma...

founded 849. Occupied by Japan 1942-1945
|-
|

Namibia
| {{dts|1990|Mar|21}}
| {{dts|1990|Mar|21}}
| South Africa
|
|-
|

Nauru
| {{dts|1968|Jan|31}}
| {{dts|1968|Jan|31}}
| Australia/New Zealand/United Kingdom
| Previously occupied by Germany

German New Guinea

1888, Australia 1914, Japan

Japanese occupation of Nauru

1942
|-
|

Nepal
| {{dts|1768}}
| {{dts|1768}} (none)
| -none-
| Autonomous throughout its recorded history, and certainly since its 1768 unification

Unification of Nepal

.
|-
|

Netherlands
| {{dts|1581|Jul|26}}
| {{dts|1945}}
| Germany
| Independent from Spain in 1581; occupied by France under Napoleon.
|-
|

New Zealand
| {{dts|1947|Nov|25}}
| {{dts|1947|Nov|25}}
| United Kingdom
| Dominion

Dominion

status 1907, Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947

Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947

The Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947 was a constitutional Act of the New Zealand Parliament that formally accepted the full external autonomy offered by the British Parliament...

.
|-
|

Nicaragua
| {{dts|1821|Sep|15}}
| {{dts|1933}}
| United States
| Previously a part of the Greater Republic of Central America 1896-98, the Federal Republic of Central America

Federal Republic of Central America

1823-38, Mexico 1822-23, and a colony of Spain before 1821.
|-
|

Niger
| {{dts|1960|Aug|3}}
| {{dts|1960|Aug|3}}
| France
|
|-
|

Nigeria
| {{dts|1960|Oct|1}}
| {{dts|1960|Oct|1}}
| United Kingdom
|
|-
|

North Korea
| {{dts|-2333}}
| {{dts|1948|Sep|9}}
| Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

| Gojoseon

Gojoseon

Gojoseon was an ancient Korean kingdom. Go , meaning "ancient," distinguishes it from the later Joseon Dynasty; Joseon, as it is called in contemporaneous writings, is also romanized as Chosŏn....

established in 24th century BC according to legend.. Modern state established 1948 after Soviet occupation since 1945. Previously occupied by Japan

Korea under Japanese rule

Korea was under Japanese rule as part of Japan's 35-year imperialist expansion . Japanese rule ended in 1945 shortly after the Japanese defeat in World War II....

(1910–1945).
|-
|

Norway
| {{dts|872}}
| {{dts|1945|May}}
| Germany
| Unified ca 872 at Battle of Hafrsfjord

Battle of Hafrsfjord

. For a long time in unions with Denmark

Denmark–Norway

and with Sweden

Union between Sweden and Norway

(until 1905). Occupied by Germany

Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany

1940-45.
|-
|

Oman
| {{dts|751}}
| {{dts|1743}}
| Persia
| Previously occupied by Great Seljuq Empire

Great Seljuq Empire

, Ottoman Empire, Portugal (1508–1650), etc.
|-
|

Pakistan
| {{dts|1947|Aug|14}}
| {{dts|1956|Mar|23}}
| United Kingdom
| Previously a colony of the British Empire

British Empire

.
|-
|

Palau
| {{dts|1994|Oct|1}}
| {{dts|1994|Oct|1}}
| United States
| Previously ruled by Spain, Germany, Japan.
|-
|

Nation-building

For nation-building in the sense of enhancing the capacity of state institutions, building state-society relations, and also external interventions see State-building....

Propaganda

Propaganda is a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position so as to benefit oneself or one's group....

Mythology

. In Europe, this often coincides with the ruler's conversion to Christianity

Christianity

Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings...

. For post-colonial nations, starting with the United States, the beginning of statehood is usually considered to be the date when independence

Independence

Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state in which its residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory....

was declared, granted and/or recognised.

Independence dates for widely recognised states, earlier than 1919, should be treated with caution, since prior to the founding of the League of Nations

League of Nations

United Nations

after the Second World War). See also: disputed territories.

The situation is further complicated by the confusion between two terms commonly used as synonym: nation

Nation

(generally considered an ethnic or cultural grouping) and state

Sovereign state

Africa

Country	Date	Birth of current form of government	Date	Date of acquisition of sovereignty	Date	Date of most recent significant territorial modification
Algeria			1962-07-03	French recognition of Algerian referendum on independence held two days earlier
Angola			1975-11-11	Independence from Portugal
Benin			1960-08-01	Independence from France	1894-01-15	Borders of French Protectorate of Dahomey set at conclusion of Second Franco-Dahomean War Second Franco-Dahomean War The Second Franco-Dahomean War, which raged from 1892 to 1894, was a major conflict between the French Third Republic, led by General Alfred-Amédée Dodds, and the Kingdom of Dahomey under King Béhanzin....
Botswana			1885-03-31	Establishment of the Bechuanaland Protectorate by the United Kingdom	1894	Extended north into Ngamiland
Botswana			1966-09-30	Independence from the United Kingdom	1894	Extended north into Ngamiland
Burkina Faso			1958-12-11	Self-government achieved and republic within Franco-African Community	1947-09-04	Restoration of colonial boundaries used from 1919–1932
Burkina Faso			1960-08-05	Independence from France	1947-09-04	Restoration of colonial boundaries used from 1919–1932
Burundi	1966-11-28	Monarchy replaced by republic	1962-07-01	Independence from Belgium
Cameroon			1960-01-01	Independence from France	1961-10-01	Merger of part of British Cameroons with Cameroon
Cape Verde			1975-07-05	Independence from Portugal
Central African Republic	1979	Monarchy replaced by republic	1958-12-01	Central African Republic becomes autonomous territory in French Republic
Central African Republic	1979	Monarchy replaced by republic	1960-08-13	Independence from France
Chad			1960-08-11	Independence from France	1994-02-03	Aouzou Strip awarded to Chad
Comoros			1975-07-06	Independence from France declared
Democratic Republic of the Congo			1884-04-22	Congo Free State Congo Free State The Congo Free State was a large area in Central Africa which was privately controlled by Leopold II, King of the Belgians. Its origins lay in Leopold's attracting scientific, and humanitarian backing for a non-governmental organization, the Association internationale africaine... recognized as an independent state
Democratic Republic of the Congo			1960-06-30	Independence from Belgium
Republic of the Congo			1960-08-15	Independence from France
Côte d'Ivoire			1958-12-04	Autonomous republic within French Community French Community The French Community was an association of states known in French simply as La Communauté. In 1958 it replaced the French Union, which had itself succeeded the French colonial empire in 1946....
Côte d'Ivoire			1960-08-07	Independence from France
Djibouti			1977-06-27	Independence from France
Equatorial Guinea			1968-10-12	Independence from Spain
Eritrea			1993-05-24	Independence from Ethiopia Ethiopia Ethiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2... declared United Nations Observer Mission to Verify the Referendum in Eritrea The UN Observer Mission to Verify the Referendum in Eritrea was established pursuant to General Assembly resolution 47/114 of 16 December 1992 and lasted until 25 April 1993...	2002-04-01	Badme Badme Badme is a town in the Horn of Africa and the focus of a territorial dispute between Eritrea and Ethiopia. It is claimed by both Eritrea, which considers Badme to be a part of Gash-Barka Zone, and Ethiopia, which considers Badme part of the Mirabawi Zone of the Tigray Region. This dispute was the... ruled to be Eritrean by the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC after the Eritrean-Ethiopian War Eritrean-Ethiopian War The Eritrean–Ethiopian War took place from May 1998 to June 2000 between Ethiopia and Eritrea, forming one of the conflicts in the Horn of Africa... ). Contested by Ethiopia
Ethiopia	1975-03-21	Monarchy abolished and replaced by republic	~800 B.C.	Formation of the state of D'mt	2002-04-01	Badme Badme Badme is a town in the Horn of Africa and the focus of a territorial dispute between Eritrea and Ethiopia. It is claimed by both Eritrea, which considers Badme to be a part of Gash-Barka Zone, and Ethiopia, which considers Badme part of the Mirabawi Zone of the Tigray Region. This dispute was the... ruled to be Eritrean by the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC after the Eritrean-Ethiopian War Eritrean-Ethiopian War The Eritrean–Ethiopian War took place from May 1998 to June 2000 between Ethiopia and Eritrea, forming one of the conflicts in the Horn of Africa... ). Contested by Ethiopia
Gabon			1960-08-17	Independence from France
The Gambia			1965-02-18	Independence from the United Kingdom
Ghana			1957-03-06	Independence from the United Kingdom	1956-12-13	Union of British Togoland British Togoland British Togoland was a League of Nations Class B mandate in West Africa, under the mandatory power of the United Kingdom. It was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the occupied German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First... with Gold Coast Gold Coast (British colony) The Gold Coast was a British colony on the Gulf of Guinea in west Africa that became the independent nation of Ghana in 1957.-Overview:The first Europeans to arrive at the coast were the Portuguese in 1471. They encountered a variety of African kingdoms, some of which controlled substantial...
Guinea			1958-10-02	Independence from France
Guinea-Bissau			1973-09-24	Independence from Portugal declared
Guinea-Bissau			1974-09-10	Independence from Portugal recognized
Kenya			1963-12-12	Independence from the United Kingdom
Lesotho			1966-10-04	Independence from the United Kingdom	1868-03-12	Area that is now present-day Lesotho placed under British rule
Liberia			1847-07-26	Independence from the United States
Libya	1969-09-01	Monarchy replaced by republic	1951-12-24	Independence from UN Trusteeship (British and French administration after Italian governance ends in 1947)	1984-02-13	Aouzou Strip awarded to Chad
Madagascar			1958-10-14	The Malagasy Republic was created as autonomous state within French Community French Community The French Community was an association of states known in French simply as La Communauté. In 1958 it replaced the French Union, which had itself succeeded the French colonial empire in 1946....
Madagascar			1960-06-26	France recognizes Madagascar's independence
Malawi			1964-07-06	Independence from the United Kingdom
Mali			1958-11-25	French Sudan French Sudan French Sudan was a colony in French West Africa that had two separate periods of existence, first from 1890 to 1899, then from 1920 to 1960, when the territory became the independent nation of Mali.-Colonial establishment:... gains autonomy	1960-08-20	Senegal Senegal Senegal , officially the Republic of Senegal , is a country in western Africa. It owes its name to the Sénégal River that borders it to the east and north... secedes from Mali Federation Mali Federation The Mali Federation was a country in West Africa. It was formed by a union between Senegal and the Sudanese Republic...
Mali			1960-09-22	Independence from France	1960-08-20
Mauritania			1960-11-28	Independence from France	1979-08-11	Mauritania withdraws from Tiris al-Gharbiyya Tiris al-Gharbiyya Tiris al-Gharbiyya was the Mauritanian name for the area of Western Sahara under its control between 1975 and 1979.-Background:... (part of Western Sahara Western Sahara Western Sahara is a disputed territory in North Africa, bordered by Morocco to the north, Algeria to the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Its surface area amounts to . It is one of the most sparsely populated territories in the world, mainly... )
Mauritius			1968-03-12	Independence from the United Kingdom	1965	Separation of Chagos Archipelago Chagos Archipelago The Chagos Archipelago , is a group of seven atolls comprising more than 60 individual tropical islands in the Indian Ocean; situated some due south of the Maldives archipelago. This chain of islands are the southernmost archipelago of the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge a long submarine mountain range...
Morocco	789	idrisid dynasty	1956-03-02	Independence from France	1969-01-04	Return of Ifni Ifni Ifni was a Spanish province on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, south of Agadir and across from the Canary Islands.It had a total area of 1,502 km² , and a population of 51,517 in 1964. The main industry was fishing.... to Morocco
Morocco	789	idrisid dynasty	1956-04-07	French protectorate formally relinquished	1969-01-04
Mozambique			1975-06-25	Independence from Portugal
Namibia			1990-03-21	Independence from South African rule	1994-03-01	Walvis Bay Walvis Bay Walvis Bay , is a city in Namibia and the name of the bay on which it lies... integrated into Namibia
Niger			1958-12-04	Autonomy within French Community French Community The French Community was an association of states known in French simply as La Communauté. In 1958 it replaced the French Union, which had itself succeeded the French colonial empire in 1946....
Niger			1960-08-03	Independence from France
Nigeria			1960-10-01	Independence from the United Kingdom	1970-01-15	Biafra Biafra Biafra, officially the Republic of Biafra, was a secessionist state in south-eastern Nigeria that existed from 30 May 1967 to 15 January 1970, taking its name from the Bight of Biafra . The inhabitants were mostly the Igbo people who led the secession due to economic, ethnic, cultural and religious... re-integrated into Nigeria
Nigeria			1960-10-01	Independence from the United Kingdom	1961-06-01	Northern Cameroons Cameroons British Cameroons was a British Mandate territory in West Africa, now divided between Nigeria and Cameroon.The area of present-day Cameroon was claimed by Germany as a protectorate during the "Scramble for Africa" at the end of the 19th century... integrated in Nigeria
Rwanda			1962-07-01	Independence from Belgium
São Tomé and Príncipe			1975-07-12	Independence from Portugal
Senegal			1960-08-20	Independence from France
Seychelles			1976-06-29	Independence from the United Kingdom
Sierra Leone			1961-04-27	Independence from the United Kingdom
Somalia			1960-07-01	Merger of State of Somaliland State of Somaliland The State of Somaliland was a short-lived independent state in the territory of modern-day Somalia.-History:In May 1960, the British Government stated that it would be prepared to grant independence to the then protectorate of British Somaliland, with the intention that the territory would unite... (formerly British Somaliland British Somaliland British Somaliland was a British protectorate in the northern part of present-day Somalia. For much of its existence, British Somaliland was bordered by French Somaliland, Ethiopia, and Italian Somaliland. From 1940 to 1941, it was occupied by the Italians and was part of Italian East Africa... ) and Italian Somaliland Italian Somaliland Italian Somaliland , also known as Italian Somalia, was a colony of the Kingdom of Italy from the 1880s until 1936 in the region of modern-day Somalia. Ruled in the 19th century by the Somali Sultanate of Hobyo and the Majeerteen Sultanate, the territory was later acquired by Italy through various...
South Africa	1910-05-31	Creation of the Union of South Africa Union of South Africa The Union of South Africa is the historic predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into being on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the previously separate colonies of the Cape, Natal, Transvaal and the Orange Free State... from the previously separate colonies of the Cape Cape Colony The Cape Colony, part of modern South Africa, was established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652, with the founding of Cape Town. It was subsequently occupied by the British in 1795 when the Netherlands were occupied by revolutionary France, so that the French revolutionaries could not take... , Natal Colony of Natal The Colony of Natal was a British colony in south-eastern Africa. It was proclaimed a British colony on May 4, 1843 after the British government had annexed the Boer Republic of Natalia, and on 31 May 1910 combined with three other colonies to form the Union of South Africa, as one of its... , Transvaal and Orange River Orange River Colony The Orange River Colony was the British colony created after this nation first occupied and then annexed the independent Orange Free State in the Second Boer War...	1931-12-11	Statute of Westminster Statute of Westminster 1931 The Statute of Westminster 1931 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Passed on 11 December 1931, the Act established legislative equality for the self-governing dominions of the British Empire with the United Kingdom... , which establishes a status of legislative equality between the self-governing dominion of the Union of South Africa Union of South Africa The Union of South Africa is the historic predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into being on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the previously separate colonies of the Cape, Natal, Transvaal and the Orange Free State... and the UK	1994-04-27	Reincorporation of the nominally independent bantustans into post-Apartheid South Africa
South Africa	1910-05-31		1961-05-31	Republic declared (South Africa no longer a Commonwealth realm Commonwealth Realm A Commonwealth realm is a sovereign state within the Commonwealth of Nations that has Elizabeth II as its monarch and head of state. The sixteen current realms have a combined land area of 18.8 million km² , and a population of 134 million, of which all, except about two million, live in the six... )	1994-04-27
'			2011-07-09	Separation of Southern Sudan from Sudan Sudan Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...
Sudan			1956-01-01	Independence from Egypt Egypt Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world... ian and British joint rule Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Anglo-Egyptian Sudan referred to the manner by which Sudan was administered between 1899 and 1956, when it was a condominium of Egypt and the United Kingdom.-Union with Egypt:...	2011-07-09	South Sudan South Sudan South Sudan , officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country located in the Sahel region of northeastern Africa. It is also part of the North Africa UN sub-region. Its current capital is Juba, which is also its largest city; the capital city is planned to be moved to the more... secedes from Sudan
Swaziland			1968-09-06	Independence from the United Kingdom
Tanzania			1961-12-09	Independence of Tanganyika Tanganyika Tanganyika , later formally the Republic of Tanganyika, was a sovereign state in East Africa from 1961 to 1964. It was situated between the Indian Ocean and the African Great Lakes of Lake Victoria, Lake Malawi and Lake Tanganyika... from the United Kingdom	1964-04-26	Merger of Zanzibar Zanzibar Zanzibar ,Persian: زنگبار, from suffix bār: "coast" and Zangi: "bruin" ; is a semi-autonomous part of Tanzania, in East Africa. It comprises the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of the mainland, and consists of numerous small islands and two large ones: Unguja , and Pemba... with Tanganyika Tanganyika Tanganyika , later formally the Republic of Tanganyika, was a sovereign state in East Africa from 1961 to 1964. It was situated between the Indian Ocean and the African Great Lakes of Lake Victoria, Lake Malawi and Lake Tanganyika... to form Tanzania
Togo			1958-08-30	Autonomy within French Union French Union The French Union was a political entity created by the French Fourth Republic to replace the old French colonial system, the "French Empire" and to abolish its "indigenous" status.-History:...
Togo			1960-04-27	Independence from France
Tunisia	1957-07-25	Declaration of Republic	1956-03-20	Independence from France
Uganda			1962-03-01	Self-government granted
Uganda			1962-10-09	Independence from the United Kingdom
Zambia			1964-10-24	Independence from the United Kingdom
Zimbabwe			1965-11-11	Unilateral declaration of independence Unilateral Declaration of Independence (Rhodesia) The Unilateral Declaration of Independence of Rhodesia from the United Kingdom was signed on November 11, 1965, by the administration of Ian Smith, whose Rhodesian Front party opposed black majority rule in the then British colony. Although it declared independence from the United Kingdom it... by Southern Rhodesia Southern Rhodesia Southern Rhodesia was the name of the British colony situated north of the Limpopo River and the Union of South Africa. From its independence in 1965 until its extinction in 1980, it was known as Rhodesia...	1901	BSAC separates North-Eastern Rhodesia North-Eastern Rhodesia North-Eastern Rhodesia in south central Africa was formed by and administered by the British South Africa Company as the other half, with North-Western Rhodesia, of the huge territory lying mainly north of the Zambezi River into which it expanded its charter in 1891... from Southern Rhodesia
Zimbabwe			1980-04-18	Recognized independence from the United Kingdom as Zimbabwe	1901

The Americas

Country	Date	Birth of current form of government	Date	Date of acquisition of sovereignty	Date	Date of most recent significant territorial modification
Antigua and Barbuda			1981-11-01	Independence from the United Kingdom
Argentina			1810-05-25	May Revolution May Revolution The May Revolution was a week-long series of events that took place from May 18 to 25, 1810, in Buenos Aires, capital of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, a Spanish colony that included roughly the territories of present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay... installs first local government	1884-10-18	Conquest of the Desert Conquest of the Desert The Conquest of the Desert was a military campaign directed mainly by General Julio Argentino Roca in the 1870s, which established Argentine dominance over Patagonia, which was inhabited by indigenous peoples...
Argentina			1816-07-09	Argentine Declaration of Independence Argentine Declaration of Independence What today is commonly referred as the Independence of Argentina was declared on July 9, 1816 by the Congress of Tucumán. In reality, the congressmen that were assembled in Tucumán declared the independence of the United Provinces of South America, which is still today one of the legal names of the...	1884-10-18
The Bahamas			1964-01-07	Internal self-governance granted
The Bahamas			1973-07-10	Independence from the United Kingdom
Barbados			1966-11-30	Independence from the United Kingdom
Belize			1981-09-21	Independence from the United Kingdom	1859	Treaty establishes border between British Honduras British Honduras British Honduras was a British colony that is now the independent nation of Belize.First colonised by Spaniards in the 17th century, the territory on the east coast of Central America, south of Mexico, became a British crown colony from 1862 until 1964, when it became self-governing. Belize became... and Guatemala Guatemala Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast...
Belize			1964-01-01	Self governing colony	1859
Bolivia	1809-05-25		1825-08-06	Bolivian War of Independence	1903-11-11	Signing of the Treaty of Petrópolis Treaty of Petrópolis The Treaty of Petrópolis, signed on November 11, 1903, ended tensions between Bolivia and Brazil over the then-Bolivian territory of Acre , a desirable territory during the contemporary rubber boom.... with Brazil whereby Bolivia gained lands in Mato Grosso Mato Grosso Mato Grosso is one of the states of Brazil, the third largest in area, located in the western part of the country.Neighboring states are Rondônia, Amazonas, Pará, Tocantins, Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul. It also borders Bolivia to the southwest... in exchange for the territory of Acre Acre (state) Acre is one of the 27 states of Brazil. It is situated in the southwest of the Northern Region, bordering Amazonas to the north, Rondônia to the east, Bolivia to the southeast and the Ucayali Region of Peru to the south and west. It occupies an area of 152,581.4 km2, being slightly smaller...
Brazil	1889-11-15	Proclamation of the Republic	1822-09-07	Independence from Portugal Kingdom of Portugal The Kingdom of Portugal was Portugal's general designation under the monarchy. The kingdom was located in the west of the Iberian Peninsula, Europe and existed from 1139 to 1910... declared	1903-11-11	Signing of the Treaty of Petrópolis Treaty of Petrópolis The Treaty of Petrópolis, signed on November 11, 1903, ended tensions between Bolivia and Brazil over the then-Bolivian territory of Acre , a desirable territory during the contemporary rubber boom.... with Bolivia Bolivia Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America... whereby Brazil was given the territory of Acre Acre (state) Acre is one of the 27 states of Brazil. It is situated in the southwest of the Northern Region, bordering Amazonas to the north, Rondônia to the east, Bolivia to the southeast and the Ucayali Region of Peru to the south and west. It occupies an area of 152,581.4 km2, being slightly smaller... in exchange for lands in Mato Grosso Mato Grosso Mato Grosso is one of the states of Brazil, the third largest in area, located in the western part of the country.Neighboring states are Rondônia, Amazonas, Pará, Tocantins, Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul. It also borders Bolivia to the southwest...
Brazil	1889-11-15	Proclamation of the Republic	1825-08-29	Independence recognized by Portugal Kingdom of Portugal The Kingdom of Portugal was Portugal's general designation under the monarchy. The kingdom was located in the west of the Iberian Peninsula, Europe and existed from 1139 to 1910...	1903-11-11
Canada	1867-07-01	Canadian Confederation Canadian Confederation Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federal Dominion of Canada was formed on July 1, 1867. On that day, three British colonies were formed into four Canadian provinces...	1931-12-11	Statute of Westminster Statute of Westminster 1931 The Statute of Westminster 1931 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Passed on 11 December 1931, the Act established legislative equality for the self-governing dominions of the British Empire with the United Kingdom...	1949-04-01	Dominion of Newfoundland Dominion of Newfoundland The Dominion of Newfoundland was a British Dominion from 1907 to 1949 . The Dominion of Newfoundland was situated in northeastern North America along the Atlantic coast and comprised the island of Newfoundland and Labrador on the continental mainland... joins as the province of Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador is the easternmost province of Canada. Situated in the country's Atlantic region, it incorporates the island of Newfoundland and mainland Labrador with a combined area of . As of April 2011, the province's estimated population is 508,400...
Chile	1810-09-18	First Government Junta Government Junta of Chile (1810) Government Junta of the Kingdom of Chile , also known as the First Government Junta, was the organ established to rule Chile following the deposition and imprisonment of King Ferdinand VII by Napoleon Bonaparte... declares Chile an autonomous republic within Spain	1818-02-12	Independence declared from Spain	1929-07-03	Chile awarded Arica Arica Arica is a city in northern Chile. "Arica" may also refer to:Places* Arica and Parinacota Region, Chile* Arica Airport , Chile* Arica, Amazonas, town in Colombia* Rio Aricá-açu, tributary of the Cuiabá River south of Cuiabá, BrazilOther... district in Treaty of Lima Treaty of Lima The Treaty of Lima solved the dispute between Peru and Chile regarding the status of the Chilean administered territories of Tacna and Arica. According to the Treaty, the Tacna-Arica Territory was divided between both countries; Tacna being awarded to Peru and with Chile retaining sovereignty over...
Chile	1810-09-18		1844-04-25	Independence recognized by Spain	1929-07-03
Colombia			1810-07-10	Independence declared from Spain	1903-11-03	Separation of Panama from Colombia Separation of Panama from Colombia The Separation of Panama from Colombia was formalized on 3 November 1903 with the establishment of the Republic of Panama from the Republic of Colombia's Department of Panama.-Prelude:...
Colombia			1819-08-07	Independence recognized by Spain	1903-11-03
Costa Rica			1821-09-15	Costa Rica Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain... declared independence from Spain	1824-07-25	Partido de Nicoya Partido de Nicoya The Partido de Nicoya was a major part of what is now the Guanacaste province in Costa Rica. Originally the territory was bounded on the northeast by the La Flor river and Lake Cocibolca, or Lake Nicaragua, on the south by Costa Rica , and on the east by a line that joins the northernmost part of...
Costa Rica			1838-11-15	Independence from Federal Republic of Central America Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain...	1824-07-25
Cuba	1959-01-01	Cuban Revolution Cuban Revolution The Cuban Revolution was an armed revolt by Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement against the regime of Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista between 1953 and 1959. Batista was finally ousted on 1 January 1959, and was replaced by a revolutionary government led by Castro...	1868-10-10	Independence from Spain declared Ten Years' War The Ten Years' War , also known as the Great War and the War of '68, began on October 10, 1868 when sugar mill owner Carlos Manuel de Céspedes and his followers proclaimed Cuba's independence from Spain...
			1898-12-10	Spain relinquishes all claim of sovereignty over and title to Cuba
			1902-05-20	United States military occupation ends
Dominica			1967-02-27	Became an associated state Associated state An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted... of the United Kingdom
Dominica			1978-11-03	Independence from the United Kingdom
Dominican Republic			1865-03-03	Independence regained from Spain following the Dominican Restoration War Dominican Restoration War The Dominican Restoration War was a guerrilla war between 1863 and 1865 in the Dominican Republic between nationalists and Spain, who had recolonized the country 17 years after its independence...
Ecuador	1809-08-10		1822-05-24	Independence from Spain of Gran Colombia Gran Colombia Gran Colombia is a name used today for the state that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern Central America from 1819 to 1831. This short-lived republic included the territories of present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, northern Peru and northwest Brazil. The... , of which Ecuador is a part	1942-02-26	Rio Protocol Rio Protocol The Protocol of Peace, Friendship, and Boundaries between Peru and Ecuador, or Rio Protocol for short, was an international agreement signed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on January 29, 1942, by the foreign ministers of Peru and Ecuador, with the participation of the United States, Brazil, Chile, and... ends border dispute with Peru Peru Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
Ecuador	1809-08-10		1830-05-13	Dissolution of Gran Colombia Gran Colombia Gran Colombia is a name used today for the state that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern Central America from 1819 to 1831. This short-lived republic included the territories of present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, northern Peru and northwest Brazil. The...	1942-02-26
El Salvador			1821-09-15	El Salvador becomes province in first mexican empire First Mexican Empire The Mexican Empire was the official name of independent Mexico under a monarchical regime from 1821 to 1823. The territory of the Mexican Empire included the continental intendencies and provinces of New Spain proper... , which declared independence from Spain
			1823	El Salvador becomes an state of federal republic of central america
			1841	Disolution of the federal republic of central america , El slvador becomes independent
Grenada			1967-02-27	Associated state Associated state An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted... of the United Kingdom
Grenada			1974-02-07	Full independence from the United Kingdom
Guatemala			1821-09-15	Guatemala becomes state in Federal Republic of Central America Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain... , which declared independence from Spain
Guatemala			1839-04-17	Independence from Federal Republic of Central America Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain... declared
Guyana			1966-05-26	Independence from the United Kingdom
Haiti	1987-03	Constitution	1804-01-01	The French colony Colony In politics and history, a colony is a territory under the immediate political control of a state. For colonies in antiquity, city-states would often found their own colonies. Some colonies were historically countries, while others were territories without definite statehood from their inception.... Saint-Domingue Saint-Domingue The labour for these plantations was provided by an estimated 790,000 African slaves . Between 1764 and 1771, the average annual importation of slaves varied between 10,000-15,000; by 1786 it was about 28,000, and from 1787 onward, the colony received more than 40,000 slaves a year... gains independence as Haiti	1844-02-27	The Dominican Republic Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries... gains independence from Haiti
Honduras			1821-09-15	Honduras becomes state in Federal Republic of Central America Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain... , which declared independence from Spain	1972-09-01	Swan Islands Swan Islands, Honduras The Swan Islands, or Islas Santanilla, are a chain of three islands located in the northwestern Caribbean Sea, approximately ninety miles off the coastline of Honduras, with a land area of .-Detailed location and features:... returned to Honduras from United States occupation
Honduras			1838-10-26	Independence from Federal Republic of Central America Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain...	1972-09-01
Jamaica			1962-08-06	Independence from the United Kingdom
Mexico	1917	Constitution	1810-09-16	Independence from Spain declared	1853-12-30	Gadsden Purchase Gadsden Purchase The Gadsden Purchase is a region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that was purchased by the United States in a treaty signed by James Gadsden, the American ambassador to Mexico at the time, on December 30, 1853. It was then ratified, with changes, by the U.S...
Mexico	1917	Constitution	1821-08-24	Independence recognized by Spain in Treaty of Córdoba Treaty of Córdoba The Treaty of Córdova established Mexican independence from Spain at the conclusion of the Mexican War of Independence. It was signed on August 24, 1821 in Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico. The signatories were the head of the Army of the Three Guarantees, Agustín de Iturbide, and acting on behalf of the...	1853-12-30
Nicaragua			1821-09-15	Nicaragua becomes state in Federal Republic of Central America Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain... , which declared independence from Spain
Nicaragua			1838-11-05	Independence from Federal Republic of Central America Federal Republic of Central America The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain...
Panama			1903-11-03	Separation of Panama from Colombia Separation of Panama from Colombia The Separation of Panama from Colombia was formalized on 3 November 1903 with the establishment of the Republic of Panama from the Republic of Colombia's Department of Panama.-Prelude:...	1979-10-1	United States returns Panama the Panama Canal Zone Panama Canal Zone The Panama Canal Zone was a unorganized U.S. territory located within the Republic of Panama, consisting of the Panama Canal and an area generally extending 5 miles on each side of the centerline, but excluding Panama City and Colón, which otherwise would have been partly within the limits of...
Paraguay	1992-06	Democratic Constitution	1811-05-14	Independence from Spain declared	1938	Paraguay awarded a large portion of the Gran Chaco Gran Chaco The Gran Chaco is a sparsely populated, hot and semi-arid lowland region of the Río de la Plata basin, divided among eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, northern Argentina and a portion of the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, where it is connected with the Pantanal region... as a result of the Chaco War Chaco War The Chaco War was fought between Bolivia and Paraguay over control of the northern part of the Gran Chaco region of South America, which was incorrectly thought to be rich in oil. It is also referred to as La Guerra de la Sed in literary circles for being fought in the semi-arid Chaco...
Peru			1821-07-28	Independence from Spain declared	1942-02-26	Rio Protocol Rio Protocol The Protocol of Peace, Friendship, and Boundaries between Peru and Ecuador, or Rio Protocol for short, was an international agreement signed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on January 29, 1942, by the foreign ministers of Peru and Ecuador, with the participation of the United States, Brazil, Chile, and... ends border dispute with Ecuador Ecuador Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
Peru			1879	Independence from Spain recognized	1942-02-26
Saint Kitts and Nevis			1967-02-27	Associated state of the United Kingdom	1980-12-19	Anguilla Anguilla Anguilla is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union in the Caribbean. It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin... separated from Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla was historically an overseas territory of the United Kingdom located in the Caribbean Sea. This entity later became a province to the short lived West Indies Federation in 1958...
Saint Kitts and Nevis			1983-09-19	Independence from the United Kingdom	1980-12-19
Saint Lucia			1967-02-27	Associated statehood
Saint Lucia			1979-02-22	Independence from the United Kingdom
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines			1969-10-27	Associated statehood
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines			1979-10-27	Independence from the United Kingdom
Suriname			1954-12-15	Self government granted
Suriname			1975-11-25	Independence from Netherlands
Trinidad and Tobago			1962-08-31	Independence from the United Kingdom
United States	1787-09-17	Ratification of the United States Constitution United States Constitution The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. It is the framework for the organization of the United States government and for the relationship of the federal government with the states, citizens, and all people within the United States.The first three... replaced the previous Articles of Confederation Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 founding states that legally established the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first constitution... creating a new system of government	1776-07-04	Independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain Kingdom of Great Britain The former Kingdom of Great Britain, sometimes described as the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain', That the Two Kingdoms of Scotland and England, shall upon the 1st May next ensuing the date hereof, and forever after, be United into One Kingdom by the Name of GREAT BRITAIN. was a sovereign... declared United States Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence was a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain regarded themselves as independent states, and no longer a part of the British Empire. John Adams put forth a...	1981-09-07	The United States cedes Serrana Bank Serrana Bank The Serrana Bank is one of the few atolls in the Atlantic Ocean. Its mostly underwater reef of about 50 km long and 13 km wide has six cays or islets, the most prominent of which is Southwest Cay.The cays from south to north are:... and Roncador Bank Roncador Bank Roncador Bank is a mostly-submerged atoll with several sandy cays. It lies in the west Caribbean Sea off the coast of Central America. Originally claimed by the United States under the Guano Islands Act of 1856, the atoll was returned by the United States to Colombia on September 17, 1981, as the... to the Republic of Colombia as a result of a treaty signed in 1972
United States	1787-09-17		1783-09-03	Independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain Kingdom of Great Britain The former Kingdom of Great Britain, sometimes described as the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain', That the Two Kingdoms of Scotland and England, shall upon the 1st May next ensuing the date hereof, and forever after, be United into One Kingdom by the Name of GREAT BRITAIN. was a sovereign... recognized Treaty of Paris (1783) The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain on the one hand and the United States of America and its allies on the other. The other combatant nations, France, Spain and the Dutch Republic had separate agreements; for details of...	1981-09-07
Uruguay			1825-08-25	Independence declared, joined in union with United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (current Argentina Argentina Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires... ).(Independence from Brazil declared)
Uruguay			1828-08-27	Treaty of Montevideo 1828 Treaty of Montevideo Treaty of Montevideo : In a treaty signed on August 27, 1828, after British mediation, Brazil and Argentina recognized the independence of Uruguay.... signed, recognizing Uruguay's independence
Venezuela			1811-07-05	independence from Spain declared Venezuelan Declaration of Independence The Venezuelan Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by a congress of Venezuelan provinces on July 5, 1811 through which Venezuelans made the decision to break away from the Spanish Crown in order to establish a new nation based on the premises of equality of individuals, abolition of...
Venezuela			1830-01-13	President José Antonio Páez José Antonio Páez José Antonio Páez Herrera was General in Chief of the army fighting Spain during the Venezuelan Wars of Independence, in addition to becoming the President of Venezuela once it was independent of the Gran Colombia... declares Venezuela independent from Gran Colombia Gran Colombia Gran Colombia is a name used today for the state that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern Central America from 1819 to 1831. This short-lived republic included the territories of present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, northern Peru and northwest Brazil. The...

Asia

Country	Date	Birth of current form of government	Date	Date of acquisition of sovereignty	Date	Date of most recent significant territorial modification
Afghanistan			1919-08-20	Treaty of Rawalpindi Treaty of Rawalpindi The Treaty of Rawalpindi was an armistice made between the United Kingdom and Afghanistan during the Third Anglo-Afghan War... gives Afghanistan control from the United Kingdom over its own affairs
Bahrain			1971-08-15	Independence from the United Kingdom	1521-07-01	Portuguese Portugal Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the... conquest of current territory
Bangladesh			1971-03-26	Independence from Pakistan declared
Bhutan			1885	Ugyen Wangchuck Ugyen Wangchuck Gongsa Ugyen Wangchuck was the first King of Bhutan from 1907 to 1926.He was born in 1862 to Jigme Namgyal, penlop of Trongsa and Ashi Pema Choki. He succeeded his father as Penlop of Trongsa... ends period of civil war and unites Bhutan	1865-11-11	Treaty of Sinchula
Brunei			1984-01-01	Brunei regains its independence after an agreement with the British on 4 January 1979
Cambodia			1989-09-26	Becomes free from Vietnamese occupation; it gets back its name instead of the People's Republic of Kampuchea People's Republic of Kampuchea The People's Republic of Kampuchea , , was founded in Cambodia by the Salvation Front, a group of Cambodian leftists dissatisfied with the Khmer Rouge, after the overthrow of Democratic Kampuchea, Pol Pot's government...
People's Republic of China	1949-10-01	Establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) as the Chinese Civil War Chinese Civil War The Chinese Civil War was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang , the governing party of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China , for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China and People's Republic of... nears its end	221 B.C.	Nation firstly unified by Qin Dynasty Qin Dynasty The Qin Dynasty was the first imperial dynasty of China, lasting from 221 to 207 BC. The Qin state derived its name from its heartland of Qin, in modern-day Shaanxi. The strength of the Qin state was greatly increased by the legalist reforms of Shang Yang in the 4th century BC, during the Warring...	1999-12-20	Transfer of the sovereignty of Macau from Portugal to the PRC
India	1950-01-26	Indian constitution comes into force	320 B.C	Foundation of Maurya Empire Maurya Empire The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in ancient India, ruled by the Mauryan dynasty from 321 to 185 BC... 320 BC	1975-05-16	Accession of Daman, Diu + Sikkim Sikkim Sikkim is a landlocked Indian state nestled in the Himalayan mountains... to India
Indonesia	1945-08-18	Ratification of the Constitution of Indonesia Constitution of Indonesia The Constitution of Indonesia is the basis for the government of the Indonesia.The constitution was written in June, July and August 1945, when Indonesia was emerging from Japanese control at the end of World War II... by the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence