List of monarchs of Kush
Encyclopedia
This is an incomplete list for rulers with the titles of Qore
Qore
Qore may refer to:*Qore, a Kush monarch*Qore , an interactive online magazine for the PlayStation Network*The Qore scripting language for SMP computing environments...

 (king), and Kandake
Kandake
Kandake or Kentake, also Candace, was the title for queens and queen mothers of the ancient African Kingdom of Kush, also known as Nubia and Ethiopia....

 (queen) of the Kingdom of Kush
Kingdom of Kush
The native name of the Kingdom was likely kaš, recorded in Egyptian as .The name Kash is probably connected to Cush in the Hebrew Bible , son of Ham ....

. Some of the dates are only rough estimates. While the chronological list is well known only a few monarchs have definite dates. These include those leaders who also ruled Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh...

 and those who ruled during famous invasions or famous trade expeditions. The others are based on estimates made by Fritz Hintze. The estimates are based on the average length of the reigns, which were then shortened or lengthened based on the size and splendour of the monarch's tomb. The assumption being that monarchs who reigned longer had more time and resources to build their burial sites. An added complication is that in recent years there have been disputes as to which monarch belongs to which tomb.

Dates are definite and accurate for the Kushite rulers of the twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt
Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt
The twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt, known as the Nubian Dynasty or the Kushite Empire, was the last dynasty of the Third Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt....

, when Egypt was invaded and absorbed by the Kushite Empire. The dates also are certain for kings Aspelta
Aspelta
Aspelta was a ruler of the kingdom of Kush .Aspelta used titles based on those of the Egyptian Pharaohs.Horus name: Neferkha Nebty Name: Neferkha...

, Arakamani, Nastasen
Nastasen
Nastasen was a king of the North African Nubian civilisation of Kush . According to a stela from Dongola his mother was named Queen Pelkha and his father may have been King Harsiotef. His successor was Aryamani.-Monuments:...

, and for the Kandakes Shanakdakhete
Shanakdakhete
Shanakdakheto or Shanakdakhete was a Black African ruling queen of Kush, when the Kingdom was centered at Meroë. She is the earliest known ruling queen of Nubia, and reigned from about 177 to 155 BC...

, Amanirenas
Amanirenas
Amanirenas was a warrior-queen of Kingdom Kush.Her full name and title was Amnirense qore li kdwe li ....

, Amanishakheto
Amanishakheto
Amanishakheto was a Kandake of Nubia. She seems to have reigned from 10 BC to 1 AD, although most dates of Nubian history before the Middle Ages are very uncertain.In Meroitic hieroglyphs her name is written as Amanikasheto...

, Amanitore
Amanitore
Amanitore was a Nubian Kandake of the ancient Kushitic Kingdom of Meroë, which also is referred to as Nubia in many ancient sources. An alternate spelling is Kandace, Kandake, or Kentake. In Egyptian hieroglyphics the throne name of Amanitore reads as Merkare...

, and Amanikhatashan
Amanikhatashan
Amanikhatashan was a ruling queen of Kush . Her proper title is Kandake. Her pyramid is at Meroe in the Sudan. She was preceded by Amanitenmemide and succeeded by Teritnide....

.

The early part of the chronology is incomplete. The graves and pyramid burials in Sudan consist of remains of at least fourteen monarchs of the Kushite Empire preceding Piankhi, the earliest tomb of which dates from about 1020 BCE. Two of these are known: Alara
Alara
Alara may refer to:* Alara , a popular Turkish name* Alara , an insect genus in the family Derbidae* ALARA, an acronym for "As Low As Reasonably Achievable"* Alara of Nubia, the unifier of Kush...

 and Kashta
Kashta
Kashta was a king of the Kushite Dynasty and the successor of Alara. His name translates literally as "The Kushite".-Family:Kashta is thought to be a brother of his predecessor Alara. Both Alara and Kashta were thought to have married their sisters...

, who immediately preceded Piankhi. It also is possible that another of the burials may have been of Aserkamani, who was living in 950 BCE and who carried out expeditions in Egypt
Egypt
Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...

 and along the Mediterranean coast of North Africa
North Africa
North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, linked by the Sahara to Sub-Saharan Africa. Geopolitically, the United Nations definition of Northern Africa includes eight countries or territories; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Sudan, Sudan, Tunisia, and...

.

Kushite kings of Kerma

  • (unknown) (1020 BCE)
  • Kandake Makeda (c. 1005 BCE-950 BCE)
  • Aserkamani (950 BCE)
  • Queen Kadimalo (depicted in Semna)

Capital moves to Napata
Napata
Napata was a city-state of ancient Nubia on the west bank of the Nile River, at the site of modern Karima, Northern Sudan.During the 8th to 7th centuries BC, Napata was the capital of the Nubian kingdom of Kush, whence the 25th, or Nubian Dynasty conquered Egypt...


Napatan Period

The period starting with Kashta
Kashta
Kashta was a king of the Kushite Dynasty and the successor of Alara. His name translates literally as "The Kushite".-Family:Kashta is thought to be a brother of his predecessor Alara. Both Alara and Kashta were thought to have married their sisters...

 and ending with Malonaqen
Malonaqen
Malonaqen was a Nubian king who probably governed in the first half of the 6th century BC. His prenomen was "Sekhemkare."He is thought to be the son of king Aramatle-qo and queen Amanitakaye although this is based merely on assumptions. His queen consort is thought to be Tagtal, who was buried at...

 is sometimes called the Napata
Napata
Napata was a city-state of ancient Nubia on the west bank of the Nile River, at the site of modern Karima, Northern Sudan.During the 8th to 7th centuries BC, Napata was the capital of the Nubian kingdom of Kush, whence the 25th, or Nubian Dynasty conquered Egypt...

n Period. The Kings ruled over Napata
Napata
Napata was a city-state of ancient Nubia on the west bank of the Nile River, at the site of modern Karima, Northern Sudan.During the 8th to 7th centuries BC, Napata was the capital of the Nubian kingdom of Kush, whence the 25th, or Nubian Dynasty conquered Egypt...

 and Meroe
Meroë
Meroë Meroitic: Medewi or Bedewi; Arabic: and Meruwi) is an ancient city on the east bank of the Nile about 6 km north-east of the Kabushiya station near Shendi, Sudan, approximately 200 km north-east of Khartoum. Near the site are a group of villages called Bagrawiyah...

. The seat of government and the royal palace are in Napata
Napata
Napata was a city-state of ancient Nubia on the west bank of the Nile River, at the site of modern Karima, Northern Sudan.During the 8th to 7th centuries BC, Napata was the capital of the Nubian kingdom of Kush, whence the 25th, or Nubian Dynasty conquered Egypt...

 during this period. Meroe
Meroë
Meroë Meroitic: Medewi or Bedewi; Arabic: and Meruwi) is an ancient city on the east bank of the Nile about 6 km north-east of the Kabushiya station near Shendi, Sudan, approximately 200 km north-east of Khartoum. Near the site are a group of villages called Bagrawiyah...

 is a provincial city during this period. The kings and queens are buried in Nuri
Nuri
Nuri is a place in modern Sudan on the south side of the Nile. Close to it, there are pyramids belonging to Nubian kings. Nuri is situated about 15 km north of Sanam, and 10 km from Jebel Barkal. All these remains belonged to the ancient city Napata, the first capital of the Nubian kingdom of...

 and El-Kurru
El-Kurru
El-Kurru was one of the royal cemeteries used by the Nubian royal family. Reisner excavated the royal pyramids. Most of the pyramids date to the early part of the Kushite period, from Alara of Nubia to King Nastasen ....

.
The numbering of the kings is based on László Török's The kingdom of Kush: handbook..

King of Kush
Direct ancestors of the 25th dynasty
nr |name of King |date |Burial |Queen(s)
// King Alara
Alara of Nubia
Alara was a King of Kush who is generally regarded as the founder of the Napatan royal dynasty by his 25th Dynasty Nubian successors and was the first recorded prince of Nubia. He unified all of Upper Nubia from Meroë to the Third Cataract and is possibly attested at the Temple of Amun at Kawa....

ca. 795 BCE to 752 BCE  Kurru 9? Queen Kasaqa (Kurru 23)
1 King Kashta
Kashta
Kashta was a king of the Kushite Dynasty and the successor of Alara. His name translates literally as "The Kushite".-Family:Kashta is thought to be a brother of his predecessor Alara. Both Alara and Kashta were thought to have married their sisters...

ca.765 BCE-752 BCE  Kurru 8 Queen Pebatjma
Pebatjma
Pebatjma was a Nubiaqueen dated to the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt. She was the wife of King Kashta. She is mentioned on a statue of her daughter Amenirdis I, now in Cairo . She is also mentioned on a door-jamb from Abydos.-Family:...

 (Kurru 7?)

Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt
Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt
The twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt, known as the Nubian Dynasty or the Kushite Empire, was the last dynasty of the Third Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt....

King Piye
Piye
Piye, was a Kushite king and founder of the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt who ruled Egypt from 747 BCE to 716 BCE according to Peter Clayton. He ruled from the city of Napata, located deep in Nubia, Sudan...

 invades Egypt and for seven decades the Nubia
Nubia
Nubia is a region along the Nile river, which is located in northern Sudan and southern Egypt.There were a number of small Nubian kingdoms throughout the Middle Ages, the last of which collapsed in 1504, when Nubia became divided between Egypt and the Sennar sultanate resulting in the Arabization...

ns rule Egypt.
King of Kush and Pharaoh of Egypt
nr |name of King |date |Burial |Queen(s)
2 Pharaoh Piye
Piye
Piye, was a Kushite king and founder of the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt who ruled Egypt from 747 BCE to 716 BCE according to Peter Clayton. He ruled from the city of Napata, located deep in Nubia, Sudan...

 (Piankhi)
752 BCE-721 BCE Kurru 17 Queen Tabiry
Tabiry
Tabiry was a Nubian queen dated to the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt.Tabiry was the daughter of Alara of Nubia and his wife Kasaqa and the wife of King Piye...

 (Kurru 53)
Queen Abar
Abar (Queen)
Abar was a Nubian queen dated to the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt.-Life:Abar was the mother of King Taharqa and wife of the King Piye. She was a niece of King Alara of Nubia ....

 (Nuri 53?)
Queen Khensa
Khensa
Khensa was a Nubian queen dated to the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt.Khensa is named as a King's Wife and King's Sister together with King Piye...

 (Kurru 4)
Queen Peksater
Peksater
Peksater was a Nubian queen dated to the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt.-Biography:Peksater was the daughter of King Kashta and Queen Pebatjma. She appears with her husband Piye in a relief in the Amun Temple at Barkal. Piye is dressed as a high priest and officiates before the barque of Amun...

 (Kurru 54)
Nefrukekashta (Kurru 52)
3 Pharaoh Shabaka
Shabaka
Shabaka or Shabaka Neferkare, 'Beautiful is the Soul of Re', was a Kushite pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt, between according to Peter Clayton .-Family:...

 
721 BCE-707 BCE/706 BCE  Kurru 15 Queen Qalhata
Qalhata
Qalhata was a Nubian queen dated to the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt.Qalhata was a daughter of King Piye and a queen consort to her brother Shabaka. She is known from the Dream Stela of King Tantamani and from her pyramid in El-Kurru ....

 (Kurru 5)
Queen Mesbat
Queen Tabekenamun
Tabekenamun
Tabekenamun was a Nubian queen dated to the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt.Tabekenamun was a daughter of King Piye and may have been a queen consort to her brother Taharqa. She is known from Cairo Statue 49157 from Karnak....

?
4 Pharaoh Shebitku
Shebitku
Shebitku was the third king of the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt who ruled from 702 BCE to 690 BCE according to Peter Clayton or 707/706 BC-690 BC, according to Dan'el Kahn's most recent academic research. He was the nephew and successor of Shabaka. He was a son of Piye, the founder of this dynasty...

 
707 BCE/706 BCE-690 BCE Kurru 18 Queen Arty (Kurru 6)
5 Pharaoh Taharqa
Taharqa
Taharqa was a pharaoh of the Ancient Egyptian 25th dynasty and king of the Kingdom of Kush, which was located in Northern Sudan.Taharqa was the son of Piye, the Nubian king of Napata who had first conquered Egypt. Taharqa was also the cousin and successor of Shebitku. The successful campaigns of...

 
690 BCE-664 BCE Nuri 1 Queen Takahatenamun
Takahatenamun
Takahatenamun was a Nubian queen dated to the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt.Takahatamun was the daughter of King Piye and the sister-wife of King Taharqa...

 (Nuri 21?)
Queen Atakhebasken
Atakhebasken
Atakhebasken was a Nubian queen dated to the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt. She was the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Taharqa.-Burial:...

 (Nuri 36)
Queen Naparaye
Naparaye
Naparaye was a Nubian queen dated to the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt.Naparaye was the daughter of King Piye and the sister-wife of King Taharqa....

 (Kurru 3)
Queen Tabekenamun
Tabekenamun
Tabekenamun was a Nubian queen dated to the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt.Tabekenamun was a daughter of King Piye and may have been a queen consort to her brother Taharqa. She is known from Cairo Statue 49157 from Karnak....

?
6 Pharaoh Tantamani
Tantamani
Tantamani or Tanwetamani or Tementhes was a Pharaoh of Egypt and the Kingdom of Kush located in Northern Sudan and a member of the Nubian or Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt...

 
664 BCE-653 BCE  Kurru 16 Queen Piankharty
Queen [..]salka
Queen Malaqaye? (Nuri 59)

Second Phase

The Nubia
Nubia
Nubia is a region along the Nile river, which is located in northern Sudan and southern Egypt.There were a number of small Nubian kingdoms throughout the Middle Ages, the last of which collapsed in 1504, when Nubia became divided between Egypt and the Sennar sultanate resulting in the Arabization...

ns no longer control Egypt. The Kings rule over Napata
Napata
Napata was a city-state of ancient Nubia on the west bank of the Nile River, at the site of modern Karima, Northern Sudan.During the 8th to 7th centuries BC, Napata was the capital of the Nubian kingdom of Kush, whence the 25th, or Nubian Dynasty conquered Egypt...

 and Meroe
Meroë
Meroë Meroitic: Medewi or Bedewi; Arabic: and Meruwi) is an ancient city on the east bank of the Nile about 6 km north-east of the Kabushiya station near Shendi, Sudan, approximately 200 km north-east of Khartoum. Near the site are a group of villages called Bagrawiyah...

 as before the conquest of Egypt.
King of Kush (Napata)
nr |name of King |date |Burial |Queen(s)
7 King Atlanersa
Atlanersa
Atlanersa was a Nubian king who ruled around 653 to 640 BC as the successor of Tantamani, the last ruler of the 25th Nubian dynasty in Egypt. In contrast to his predecessor, Atlanersa's kingdom was restricted to the region of Kush south of the Aswan....

653 BCE-640 BCE  Nuri 20? Queen Khaliset
Queen Malotaral (Nuri 41)
Queen Yeturow (Nuri 53)
Queen Peltasen
Queen Taba[..]
8 King Senkamanisken
Senkamanisken
Senkamanisken was a Nubian king who ruled from 640 to 620 BC at Napata.Senkamisken used titles based on those of the Egyptian Pharaohs.Horus name: Sehtawy...

 
640 BCE-620 BCE  Nuri 3 Queen Nasalsa (Nuri 24)
Queen Amanimalel? (Nuri 22?)
9 King Anlamani
Anlamani
Anlamani was a king of Nubia or Kush who ruled from 620 BC and died around 600 BC.Anlamani used titles based on those of the Egyptian Pharaohs.Horus name: Kanakht Khaemmaat...

 
620 BCE-600 BCE Nuri 6 Queen Mediken ? (Nuri 27)
10 King Aspelta
Aspelta
Aspelta was a ruler of the kingdom of Kush .Aspelta used titles based on those of the Egyptian Pharaohs.Horus name: Neferkha Nebty Name: Neferkha...

 
600 BCE-580 BCE  Nuri 8 Queen Mediken? (Nuri 27)
Queen Henuttakhebit (Nuri 28)
Queen Asata (Nuri 42)
Queen Artaha (Nuri 58)
11 King Aramatle-qo
Aramatle-qo
Aramatle-qo or Amtalqa was a Nubian king. Dunham and Macadam claim that he used the throne name 'Neferibre'.Török mentions that Aspelta used the following prenomen and nomen:Prenomen: Wadjkare...

 
568 BCE-555 BCE  Nuri 9 Queen Atmataka (Nuri 55)
Queen Piankh-her
Queen Maletasen (Nuri 39)
Queen Amanitakaye (Nuri 26)
Queen Akhe(qa)? (Nuri 38)
12 King Malonaqen
Malonaqen
Malonaqen was a Nubian king who probably governed in the first half of the 6th century BC. His prenomen was "Sekhemkare."He is thought to be the son of king Aramatle-qo and queen Amanitakaye although this is based merely on assumptions. His queen consort is thought to be Tagtal, who was buried at...

 
555 BCE-542 BCE  Nuri 5 Queen Tagtal (nuri 45)

First Phase

The Kings ruled over Napata and Meroe
Meroë
Meroë Meroitic: Medewi or Bedewi; Arabic: and Meruwi) is an ancient city on the east bank of the Nile about 6 km north-east of the Kabushiya station near Shendi, Sudan, approximately 200 km north-east of Khartoum. Near the site are a group of villages called Bagrawiyah...

. The seat of government and the royal palace are in Meroe
Meroë
Meroë Meroitic: Medewi or Bedewi; Arabic: and Meruwi) is an ancient city on the east bank of the Nile about 6 km north-east of the Kabushiya station near Shendi, Sudan, approximately 200 km north-east of Khartoum. Near the site are a group of villages called Bagrawiyah...

. The Main tempel of Amun is located in Napata, but the temple at Meroe is under construction. Kings and many queens are buried in Nuri
Nuri
Nuri is a place in modern Sudan on the south side of the Nile. Close to it, there are pyramids belonging to Nubian kings. Nuri is situated about 15 km north of Sanam, and 10 km from Jebel Barkal. All these remains belonged to the ancient city Napata, the first capital of the Nubian kingdom of...

, some queens are buried in Meroe
Pyramids of Meroe (Begarawiyah)
Near Meroe three royal cemeteries were constructed.* South Cemetery features nine royal pyramids. Four of the pyramids belonged to Kings and five belonged to queens. One hundred ninety-five other tombs complete the cemetery....

, in the West Cemetery.
King of Kush (Meroe)
nr |name of King |date |Burial |Queen(s)
13 King Analmaye
Analmaye
Analmaye was a Kushite King of Meroe who ruled in the 6th century BC.He succeeded King Malonaqen and was in turn succeeded by King Amaninatakilebte.He was buried in Nuri .-References:...

 
542 BCE-538 BCE  Nuri 18
14 King Amaninatakilebte  538 BCE-519 BCE  Nuri 10
15 King Karkamani  519 BCE-510 BCE  Nuri 7
16 King Amaniastabarqa  510 BCE-487 BCE  Nuri 2
17 King Siaspiqa
Siaspiqa
Siaspiqa was a Kushite King of Meroe in 487–468 BC.Prenomen: Segeregtawyre Nomen: SiaspiqaSiaspiqa was the successor of Amaniastabarqa and was in turn succeeded by Nasakhma....

 
487 BCE-468 BCE) Nuri 4 Queen Piankhqew-qa? (Nuri 28)
18 King Nasakhma
Nasakhma
Nasakhma was a Kushite King of Meroe.He was the successor of king Siaspiqa.Nasakhma was succeeded by Malewiebamani, who may have been his eldest son. It is possible that Talakhmani was a younger son of Nasakhma who took the throne after his brother Malewiebamani...

 
468 BCE-463 BCE  Nuri 8 Queen Saka'aye? (Nuri 31)
19 King Malewiebamani
Malewiebamani
Malewiebamani was a Kushite King of Meroe.Prenomen: Kheperkare Nomen: MalewiebamaniMalewiebamani's mother was likely Queen Saka'aye...

 
463 BCE-435 BCE  Nuri 11
20 King Talakhamani
Talakhamani
Talakhamani was a Kushite King of Meroe during the second half of the 5th century BCE. No prenomen is known, and his nomen is Talakhamani. He may have been a son of Nasakhma and a younger brother of Malewiebamani. It is also possible Talakhamani is a son of Malewiebamani.Talakhamani is known from a...

 
435 BCE-431 BCE  Nuri 16
21 King Amanineteyerike
Amanineteyerike
Amanineteyerike was a Kushite King of Meroe. His reign is dated to the end of the 5th century BCE.Amanineteyerike took on a full set of titles based on those of the Egyptian Pharaohs....

 
431 BCE-405 BCE  Nuri 12 Queen Atasamale?
22 King Baskakeren
Baskakeren
Baskakeren was a king of Kush . He was likely a son of King Malewiebamani and the younger brother of King Amanineteyerike. He succeeded King Amanineteyerike to the throne....

 
405 BCE-404 BCE  Nuri 17
23 King Harsiotef
Harsiotef
Harsiotef was a Kushite King of Meroe .Harsiotef took on a full set of titles based on those of the Egyptian Pharaohs.Horus name: Kanakht Khaemnepet...

 
404 BCE-369 BCE  Nuri 13 Queen Batahaliye
Queen Pelkha
Pelkha
Pelkha is a village that lies 10 km north-west of Shamli in Muzaffarnagar district of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is situated in the ancient land of Kuru, now western Uttar Pradesh, one of the most fertile and agriculturally advanced regions of India along with the Punjab and Haryana...

?
24 King (unknown Qore) (369 BCE-350 BCE  Kurru 1
25 King Akhraten
Akhraten
Akhraten was a King of Kush .Akhraten took on at least some titles based on those used by the Egyptian Pharaohs....

 
350 BCE-335 BCE  Nuri 14
26 King Amanibakhi
Amanibakhi
Amanibakhi was a Kushite King of Meroe. His reign is dated to the 4th century BCE.Amanibakhi was the successor of Akhraten and the predecessor of Nastasen It is not known where Amanibakhi was buried.-References:...

 
2nd half 4th century BCE ??
27 King Nastasen
Nastasen
Nastasen was a king of the North African Nubian civilisation of Kush . According to a stela from Dongola his mother was named Queen Pelkha and his father may have been King Harsiotef. His successor was Aryamani.-Monuments:...

 
335 BCE-315 BCE  Nuri 15 Queen Sakhmakh (Nuri 56?)

Second Phase

The seat of government and the royal palace are in Meroe
Meroë
Meroë Meroitic: Medewi or Bedewi; Arabic: and Meruwi) is an ancient city on the east bank of the Nile about 6 km north-east of the Kabushiya station near Shendi, Sudan, approximately 200 km north-east of Khartoum. Near the site are a group of villages called Bagrawiyah...

. Kings and many queens are buried in Meroe
Pyramids of Meroe (Begarawiyah)
Near Meroe three royal cemeteries were constructed.* South Cemetery features nine royal pyramids. Four of the pyramids belonged to Kings and five belonged to queens. One hundred ninety-five other tombs complete the cemetery....

, in the South Cemetery. Napata's only importance is the Amun Tempel.
King of Kush (Meroe)
nr |name of King |date |Burial |Queen(s)
28 King Aktisanes
Aktisanes
Aktisanes is a Nubian king who is mentioned by the Greek historian Hecataeus of Abdera. He is perhaps identical with Menmaatre-Setepenamun Gatisen known from Nubian sources.-Titles:*Horus name: Kanakht Merymaat...

 
Early 3rd century BCE Barkal 11 or 14 Kandake Alakhebasken
29 King Aryamani
Aryamani
Aryamani was a Nubian king-Titles:*Horus name: Kanakht Meryre *Prenomen: Usermaatre Setepenre...

 
first half 3rd century BCE Barkal 11 or 14
30 King Kash(...)  first half 3rd century BCE Barkal 15?
31 King Piankhi-yerike-qa  first half 3rd century BCE ??
32 King Sabrakamani  first half 3rd century BCE Barkal 7

Third Phase

The seat of government and the royal palace are in Meroe
Meroë
Meroë Meroitic: Medewi or Bedewi; Arabic: and Meruwi) is an ancient city on the east bank of the Nile about 6 km north-east of the Kabushiya station near Shendi, Sudan, approximately 200 km north-east of Khartoum. Near the site are a group of villages called Bagrawiyah...

. Kings are buried in Meroe
Pyramids of Meroe (Begarawiyah)
Near Meroe three royal cemeteries were constructed.* South Cemetery features nine royal pyramids. Four of the pyramids belonged to Kings and five belonged to queens. One hundred ninety-five other tombs complete the cemetery....

, in the North Cemetery, and Queens in West Cemetery. Napata's only importance is the Amun Tempel. Meroe flourishes and many building projects are undertaken.
King of Kush (Meroe)
nr |name of King |date |Burial |Queen(s)
33 King Arakamani (Arkamani-qo, Ergamenês) 270 BCE-260 BCE  Beg. S 6
34 King Amanislo
Amanislo
Amanislo was a king of Kush dating to the middle of the third century BC.-Titles:*Prenomen: Ankh-nefribre *Nomen: Amanislo, epithet Meryamun -Monuments and Inscriptions:...

 
260 BCE-250 BCE Beg. S 6
35 King Aman-tekha  mid 3rd century BCE Beg. S 4
36 King Sheshep-ankh-en-Amun Setepenre mid/late 3rd century BCE ??
37 King Arnekhamani  mid/late 3rd century BCE Beg. N 53
38 King Arqamani
Arqamani
King Arqamani was a Kushite King of Meroë dating to the late 3rd to early 2nd century BCE who is known from inscriptions from Philae and Dakka...

 
3rd / 2nd century BCE Beg. N 7
39 King Adikhalamani
Adikhalamani
Adikhalamani was a Kushite King of Meroe dating to the 2nd century BCE. Adikhalamani was the successor of King Arqamani and was later succeeded by a king whose name has only partially survived: mrt. He is said to be contemporary with an Egyptian revolt dated to ca. 207-186 BCE...

 
2nd century BCE Beg. N 9
40 King [...]mr[...]t 2nd century BCE Beg. N 8
41 King (unknown Qore) 2nd century BCE Beg. N 10
42 Queen Shanakdakhete
Shanakdakhete
Shanakdakheto or Shanakdakhete was a Black African ruling queen of Kush, when the Kingdom was centered at Meroë. She is the earliest known ruling queen of Nubia, and reigned from about 177 to 155 BC...

 
late 2nd century BCE Beg. N 11
43 King Tanyidamani  late 2nd century BCE
/early 1st century BCE
Beg. N 12?
44 King Naqyrinsan  early 1st century BCE Beg. N 13
45 King (unknown Qore) early 1st century BCE Beg. N 20
46 King (unknown Qore) middle 1st century BCE Barkal 1 ?
47 King Aqrakamani  ca 29 - 25 BCE ??
48 King Teriteqas  ca 29 - 25 BCE Barkal 2
49 Queen Amanirenas
Amanirenas
Amanirenas was a warrior-queen of Kingdom Kush.Her full name and title was Amnirense qore li kdwe li ....

 
late 1st century BCE Barkal 4
50 Queen Amanishakheto
Amanishakheto
Amanishakheto was a Kandake of Nubia. She seems to have reigned from 10 BC to 1 AD, although most dates of Nubian history before the Middle Ages are very uncertain.In Meroitic hieroglyphs her name is written as Amanikasheto...

 
late 1st century BCE Beg. N 6
51 Queen Nawidemak  early 1st century CE Barkal 6?
52 King Amanikhabale
Amanikhabale
Amanikhabale was a King of Kush .According to Reisner, Amanikhabale was buried in Pyramid 2 at the North cemetery at Meroe .-References:...

 
middle 1st century CE Beg. N 2?
53a King Natakamani
Natakamani
Natakamani was a King of Kush who reigned from around or earlier than 1 BC to circa AD 20. Natakamani is the best attested ruler of the Meroitic period. He was born to queen Amanishakheto....

 
mid / late 1st century CE Beg. N 22 Queen Amanitore
Amanitore
Amanitore was a Nubian Kandake of the ancient Kushitic Kingdom of Meroë, which also is referred to as Nubia in many ancient sources. An alternate spelling is Kandace, Kandake, or Kentake. In Egyptian hieroglyphics the throne name of Amanitore reads as Merkare...

  (coregent)
53b Queen Amanitore
Amanitore
Amanitore was a Nubian Kandake of the ancient Kushitic Kingdom of Meroë, which also is referred to as Nubia in many ancient sources. An alternate spelling is Kandace, Kandake, or Kentake. In Egyptian hieroglyphics the throne name of Amanitore reads as Merkare...

 
mid / late 1st century CE Beg. N 1


Crown princes from the time of Natakamani
Natakamani
Natakamani was a King of Kush who reigned from around or earlier than 1 BC to circa AD 20. Natakamani is the best attested ruler of the Meroitic period. He was born to queen Amanishakheto....

 and Amanitore
Amanitore
Amanitore was a Nubian Kandake of the ancient Kushitic Kingdom of Meroë, which also is referred to as Nubia in many ancient sources. An alternate spelling is Kandace, Kandake, or Kentake. In Egyptian hieroglyphics the throne name of Amanitore reads as Merkare...

  • Arikhankharer
    Arikhankharer
    Arikhankharer was a crown-prince of Kush .Arikhankharer was the eldest son of Natakamani and Amanitore. While he was crown-prince the temple of Amun at Naga was decorated. Arikhankharer is depicted on a slab now in Worcester, Mass...

  • Arikakahtani

Fourth Phase

Twilight of the Meroitic Culture. Kings are buried in Meroe
Pyramids of Meroe (Begarawiyah)
Near Meroe three royal cemeteries were constructed.* South Cemetery features nine royal pyramids. Four of the pyramids belonged to Kings and five belonged to queens. One hundred ninety-five other tombs complete the cemetery....

, in the North Cemetery, and Queens in West Cemetery. In 350 CE Meroe
Meroë
Meroë Meroitic: Medewi or Bedewi; Arabic: and Meruwi) is an ancient city on the east bank of the Nile about 6 km north-east of the Kabushiya station near Shendi, Sudan, approximately 200 km north-east of Khartoum. Near the site are a group of villages called Bagrawiyah...

 is destroyed by Axum
Axum
Axum or Aksum is a city in northern Ethiopia which was the original capital of the eponymous kingdom of Axum. Population 56,500 . Axum was a naval and trading power that ruled the region from ca. 400 BC into the 10th century...

.
List and dates from The Cambridge history of Africa, by J.D. Fage, and R.A. Oliver and from The kingdom of Kush: the Napatan and Meroitic empires, by Derek A. Welsby. The order in which the kings and queens ruled and dates are not consistent between authors. Approximate dates have been given.

King of Kush (Meroe)
name of King |date |Burial
King Shorkaror
Shorkaror
Shorkaror was a king of Kush .Shorkahor was the third son of Natakamani and Amanitore. His older brothers Arikhankharer and Arikakahtani had been crown-prince before Shorkahor....

 
1st century CE Beg. N 10
King Pisakar  1st century CE Beg. N 15
King Amanitaraqide  1st century CE Beg. N 16
King Amanitenmemide
Amanitenmemide
Amanitenmemide was a Nubian king whose throne name was Nebmaatre. His name is written in Meroitic, while his throne name is written in classical Egyptian hieroglyphs. He is thus far only known from his pyramid in Meroe . The pyramid occupies an area of 8.6 X 8.6 m and is, therefore, one of the...

 
1st century CE Beg. N 17
Queen Amanikhatashan
Amanikhatashan
Amanikhatashan was a ruling queen of Kush . Her proper title is Kandake. Her pyramid is at Meroe in the Sudan. She was preceded by Amanitenmemide and succeeded by Teritnide....

 
1st century CE Beg. N 18
King Teritnide  1st century CE Beg. N 40
King Teqerideamani I
Teqerideamani I
Teqerideamani I is believed to have been a King of Kush dating to the end of the 1st and beginning of the 2nd century AD. He was preceded by Kiing Teritnide and succeeded by King Tamelerdeamani....

 
1st / 2nd century CE Beg. N 28
King Tamelerdeamani
Tamelerdeamani
Tamelerdeamani is believed to have been a King of Kush from the 2nd century AD. He was preceded by Teqerideamani I and followed by Adeqetali....

 
2nd century CE Beg. N 34 or 27
King Adeqatali  2nd century CE Beg. N 41
King Takideamani  2nd century CE Beg. N 29
King Tarekeniwal
Tarekeniwal
thumb|left|Pyramid of Tarekeniwal thumb|right|Pyramid of Tarekeniwal Tarekeniwal was a Kushite King of Meroe of whom little known. He likely ruled Meroe in the 2nd century AD. Tarekeniwal is only known from his pyramid in Meroe . His name appears on the pylon of the cult chapel in front of the...

 
2nd century CE Beg. N 19
King Amanikhalika  2nd century CE Beg. N 32
King Aritenyesbokhe  2nd century CE Beg. N 30
King Amanikhareqerem
Amanikhareqerem
Amanikhareqerem was a King of Kush who ruled towards during the 2nd century AD or possibly earlier.Until recently not much was known about Amanikhareqerem...

 
2nd century CE Beg. N 37
King Teritedakhatey  early 3rd century CE Beg. N 38
King Aryesbokhe  early 3rd century CE Beg. N 36
King Teqerideamani II
Teqerideamani II
Teqerideamani II was a King of Kush .The most important monument of Teqerideamani is an inscription in demotic in the Isis temple at Philae, which bears his name. The inscription is dated during the reign of the Roman emperor Trebonianus Gallus -- 10 April 253 -- and is so far the only secure date...

 
3rd century CE ??
Queen Maleqorobar? 3rd century CE Beg. N 27
King Yesbokheamani? 3rd century CE Beg. N 24
Queen Lakhideamani? 4th century CE Beg. N 26


(Unknown sequence thereafter)

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