List of lens designs
Encyclopedia
This list covers optical lens designs grouped by tasks or overall type. The field of Optical lens design
Optical lens design
Optical lens design refers to the calculation of lens construction parameters that will meet a set of performance requirements and constraints, including cost and schedule limitations....

ing has many variables including the function the lens or group of lenses have to perform, the limits of optical glass because of the index of refraction and dispersion
Dispersion (optics)
In optics, dispersion is the phenomenon in which the phase velocity of a wave depends on its frequency, or alternatively when the group velocity depends on the frequency.Media having such a property are termed dispersive media...

 properties, and design constraints including realistic lens element center and edge thicknesses, minimum and maximum air-spaces between lenses, maximum constraints on entrance and exit angles, and even cost. Some lenses listed are overall types with sub-designs (as noted).

Simple lens designs

Simple lens
Simple lens
In optics, a simple lens or singlet lens is a lens consisting of a single simple element. Typical examples include a magnifying glass or a lens in a pair of simple reading glasses....

es are lenses consisting of a single element. Lenses in this section may overlap with lens designs in other sections, for example the Wollaston landscape lens
Wollaston landscape lens
The Wollaston landscape lens, named for William Hyde Wollaston, was a meniscus lens with a small aperture stop in front of it, providing some improvement of aberrations. It was devised in 1812. It was the first reasonably sharp over a wide field lens. Wollaston fitted it to an artist's aid camera...

 is a single element and also a camera lens design.

Basic types
  • Biconcave lens
  • Biconvex lens
  • Convex-concave lens
  • Plano concave lens
  • Plano convex lens
  • Meniscus lens

Designs
  • Wollaston landscape lens
    Wollaston landscape lens
    The Wollaston landscape lens, named for William Hyde Wollaston, was a meniscus lens with a small aperture stop in front of it, providing some improvement of aberrations. It was devised in 1812. It was the first reasonably sharp over a wide field lens. Wollaston fitted it to an artist's aid camera...


Achromatic lens designs

There are many compound designs of achromatic lenses, designed to reduce color-related distortion (Chromatic aberration
Chromatic aberration
In optics, chromatic aberration is a type of distortion in which there is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same convergence point. It occurs because lenses have a different refractive index for different wavelengths of light...

):
  • Achromatic doublet (type)
    • Littrow doublet
    • Fraunhofer doublet
    • Clark doublet
    • Oil-spaced doublet
    • Steinheil doublet
    • Apochromatic doublet
  • Dialyte lens
    Dialyte lens
    A dialyte lens is a compound lens design that corrects optical aberrations where the lens elements are widely air-spaced. The design is used to save on the amount of glass used for specific elements or where elements can not be cemented because they have dissimilar curvatures...

  • Superachromat
    Superachromat
    The superachromat or superachromatic lens was first conceived and developed by Max Herzberger as the ultimately well-corrected lens. The color shift curve of a superachromat is a quartic, meaning that in theory four separate colors can be brought to focus in the same plane, while simultaneously...


Camera lens designs

Camera lenses come in a wide variety because of the need for different (and even variable) focal lengths that can cover a large image plane
Image plane
In 3D computer graphics, the image plane is that plane in the world which is identified with the plane of the monitor. If one makes the analogy of taking a photograph to rendering a 3D image, the surface of the film is the image plane. In this case, the viewing transformation is a projection that...

 without distortion.
  • Celor lens
    Celor lens
    A Celor lens is a highly corrected lens of the Dialyt type, designed for process photography, involving reproduction at or near 1:1 scale....

  • Chevalier lens
  • Cooke Triplet
    Cooke triplet
    The Cooke triplet is a photographic lens designed and patented in 1893 by Dennis Taylor who was employed as chief engineer by T. Cooke & Sons of York...

  • Double-Gauss lens
  • Frazier lens
    Frazier lens
    The Frazier lens is a special camera lens designed by photographer Jim Frazier. The Frazier lens provides a massive depth of field, allowing the foreground and background of an image to be in focus. Frazier's lenses have been widely used in Hollywood and wildlife cinematography...

  • Fresnel lens
    Fresnel lens
    A Fresnel lens is a type of lens originally developed by French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel for lighthouses.The design allows the construction of lenses of large aperture and short focal length without the mass and volume of material that would be required by a lens of conventional design...

  • Gauss lens
    Gauss lens
    The Gauss lens consists of two lenses; in its most basic form, a positive meniscus lens on the object side and a negative meniscus lens on the image side. The power of the positive element predominates, but the negative element corrects for chromatic aberration....

  • Inverted telephoto lens
    Angenieux retrofocus
    The Angénieux retrofocus photographic lens is a wide-angle lens design that uses an inverted telephoto configuration. The popularity of this lens design made the name retrofocus synonymous with this type of lens...

  • Petzval lens
    Petzval lens
    The Petzval lens was developed in 1840 by Joseph Petzval. It consisted of two doublet lenses with an aperture stop in between. The front lens is well corrected for spherical aberrations but introduces coma. The second doublet corrects for this and the position of the stop corrects most of the...

  • Plasmat lens
    Plasmat lens
    The Plasmat lens is a widely used and long-established lens type, especially common in large format photography. It provides high correction of aberrations with a moderate maximum aperture . It is a specific instance of the Dagor type Double-Meniscus anastigmat...

  • Retrofocus lens
    Angenieux retrofocus
    The Angénieux retrofocus photographic lens is a wide-angle lens design that uses an inverted telephoto configuration. The popularity of this lens design made the name retrofocus synonymous with this type of lens...

  • Telephoto lens
    Telephoto lens
    In photography and cinematography, a telephoto lens is a specific type of a long-focus lens in which the physical length of the lens is shorter than the focal length. This is achieved by incorporating a special lens group known as a telephoto group that extends the light path to create a long-focus...

  • Tessar lens
    Tessar
    The Tessar is a famous photographic lens design conceived by physicist Paul Rudolph in 1902 while he worked at the Zeiss optical company and patented by Zeiss; the lens type is usually known as the Zeiss Tessar....

  • Wollaston landscape lens
    Wollaston landscape lens
    The Wollaston landscape lens, named for William Hyde Wollaston, was a meniscus lens with a small aperture stop in front of it, providing some improvement of aberrations. It was devised in 1812. It was the first reasonably sharp over a wide field lens. Wollaston fitted it to an artist's aid camera...


Eyepiece designs

An eyepiece
Eyepiece
An eyepiece, or ocular lens, is a type of lens that is attached to a variety of optical devices such as telescopes and microscopes. It is so named because it is usually the lens that is closest to the eye when someone looks through the device. The objective lens or mirror collects light and brings...

, a type of (usually a compound) lens that attaches to optical devices such as telescopes and microscopes, comes in many designs:
  • Convex
  • Galilean
  • Huygens
  • Ramsden
  • Kellner or "Achromat"
  • Plössl or "Symmetrical"
  • Orthoscopic or "Abbe"
  • Monocentric
  • Erfle
  • König
  • RKE
  • Nagler
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