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This article provides a list of the largest empire
Empire

Empire derives from the Latin word imperium, denoting ?military command? in Roman. Politically, an empire is a geographically extensive group of states and peoples united and ruled either by a monarch or an oligarchy....
s in world history
History of the world

The history of the world is the recorded history memory of the experience, around the world, of Homo sapiens. Ancient human history begins with the invention, independently at several sites on Earth, of writing, which created the infrastructure for lasting, accurately transmitted memories and thus for the diffusion and growth of knowledg...
.

calculation of the land area of a particular empire is controversial. In general, this list centers on the side of including any land area that was explored and explicitly claimed, even if the areas were populated very sparsely or not at all. For example, a large portion of Northern Siberia
Siberia

Siberia , is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of North Asia and for the most part currently serving as the massive central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, having served in the same capacity previously for the Soviet Union from its beginning, and the Russian Empire beginning in the 16th century....
 is included in the size of the Russian Empire
Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
 but not the Mongol Empire
Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires#Contiguous Empires empire and the largest bar none. It emerged from the unification of Mongols and Turkic peoples tribes in modern day Mongolia, and grew through Mongol invasions, after Genghis Khan had been proclaimed ruler of all Mongols in 1206....
.






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This article provides a list of the largest empire
Empire

Empire derives from the Latin word imperium, denoting ?military command? in Roman. Politically, an empire is a geographically extensive group of states and peoples united and ruled either by a monarch or an oligarchy....
s in world history
History of the world

The history of the world is the recorded history memory of the experience, around the world, of Homo sapiens. Ancient human history begins with the invention, independently at several sites on Earth, of writing, which created the infrastructure for lasting, accurately transmitted memories and thus for the diffusion and growth of knowledg...
.

Measurement details

The calculation of the land area of a particular empire is controversial. In general, this list centers on the side of including any land area that was explored and explicitly claimed, even if the areas were populated very sparsely or not at all. For example, a large portion of Northern Siberia
Siberia

Siberia , is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of North Asia and for the most part currently serving as the massive central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, having served in the same capacity previously for the Soviet Union from its beginning, and the Russian Empire beginning in the 16th century....
 is included in the size of the Russian Empire
Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
 but not the Mongol Empire
Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires#Contiguous Empires empire and the largest bar none. It emerged from the unification of Mongols and Turkic peoples tribes in modern day Mongolia, and grew through Mongol invasions, after Genghis Khan had been proclaimed ruler of all Mongols in 1206....
. The Mongol Empire's northern border was somewhat ill-defined, but in most places it was simply the natural border between the steppe
Steppe

In physical geography, a steppe , pronounced , is a grassland plain without trees . The prairie can be considered a steppe. It may be semi-desert, or covered with Poaceae or shrubs or both, depending on the season and latitude....
 and the taiga
Taiga

Taiga is a biome characterized by coniferous forests. Covering most of inland Alaska, Canada, Sweden, Finland, inland Norway and Russia , as well as parts of the extreme northern continental United States , northern Kazakhstan and Japan , the taiga is the world's largest terrestrial biome....
. Occupied areas north of this are included in the area of the empire, but at the time the majority of the taiga
Taiga

Taiga is a biome characterized by coniferous forests. Covering most of inland Alaska, Canada, Sweden, Finland, inland Norway and Russia , as well as parts of the extreme northern continental United States , northern Kazakhstan and Japan , the taiga is the world's largest terrestrial biome....
 and tundra
Tundra

In physical geography, tundra is an biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. The term tundra comes from Kildin Sami tund?r, which means "uplands, treeless mountain tract." There are two types of tundra: Arctic tundra and alpine tundra....
 were unexplored and uninhabited. This area was only very sparsely populated by the Russian Empire
Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
, but it had been explicitly claimed by the Russian Empire by the 1600s, and its extent had been entirely explored by the late 1800s. Similarly, the northernmost Canadian
Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
 islands such as Ellesmere Island
Ellesmere Island

Ellesmere Island is part of the Qikiqtaaluk Region of the Canada territory of Nunavut. Lying within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago it is considered part of the Queen Elizabeth Islands, with Cape Columbia being the most northerly point of land in Canada....
 were explored and claimed by the British Empire
British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, and other Dependent territory ruled or administered by the United Kingdom , that had originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries....
 by the mid 1800s (virtually the entire mainland was at least sparsely populated well before that).

No claims on mainland Antarctica
Antarctica

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent, overlying the South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctica of the southern hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean....
 are included in the area of any of the empires.

Due to the historical trend of increasing population
World population

The world population is the total number of living humans on Earth at a given time. As of March 2009, the world's population is estimated to be about 6.76 1,000,000,000 ....
 and GDP, the list of largest empires in these categories is highly dependent on which relatively recent political entities are defined as empires. The measures of population and GDP as a percentage of the world total take into account this historical growth, although decent GDP data is only available for the last few centuries, accurate only for the last decades.

Debates regarding definition of imperial domains

Compilations of history’s largest empires (in both geographical size and population) often vary due to differing definitions of imperial borders throughout history and across distinct historical traditions. Imperial domains have been variously defined in terms of direct administrative rule from a common ruling authority, military presence, colonisation and settlement, collection of tribute, economic dependence, or even incorporation into a common trading or ideological network. Many imperial domains have therefore enjoyed varying degrees of autonomy, self-rule, or even outright independence (though sometimes with a dependent or protectorate relationship to a stronger power). Some regions claimed by an imperial authority have been large, yet arid and very sparsely populated lands without much administrative control whatsoever. Therefore, empires can vary in size according to these designations, often quite significantly.

For example in India
India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
, which experienced varying levels of European contact and imperial forays since Vasco da Gama’s
Vasco da Gama

D. Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira was a Portugal in the Age of Discovery, one of the most successful in the European Age of Discovery and the commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India....
 expeditions in 1497-1498, French, Dutch, Portuguese and especially British authorities claimed authority over increasing portions of the Indian Subcontinent. This process culminated in the period of the British Raj
British Raj

British Raj primarily refers to the British rule in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947; it can also refer to the period of dominion, and even the region under the rule....
 (and its smaller French and Portuguese counterparts) after 1857. Nevertheless, even then approximately half of Indian territory consisted of Princely States under de facto and de jure rule of local raja
Raja

A Raja is a monarch, or princely ruler of the Kshatriya Varna in Hinduism.The word 'raja'means 'rajan' in nepali which means the supreme king.It's normally the first given name in Nepal and surname in India which isused by hindus and buddhist....
s and maharaja
Maharaja

The word Maharaja is Sanskrit for "great king" or "high king" . Due to Sanskrit's major influence on the vocabulary of most languages in India, the term 'maharaja' is common to many modern languages, such as Oriya language, Punjabi language, Bengali language, Hindi, Gujrati, etc....
s. While the Indian princes often sought protection and mediation from the European maritime powers, they minted their own coins, issued their own edicts, and otherwise ruled of their own accord; furthermore, the Indian independence Act, which ended the British presence by 1948, did not apply to the Princely States, which required separate negotiations with the new Indian nation as independent states in themselves. Thus, although many European maps showed nearly the whole of India as a predominantly British colony in the late 1800’s, close to 50% was essentially independent, and the Indian historical tradition in particular does not consider the large and populous region ruled by these rajas to have been under Western rule.

Another issue is that many of history’s empires have ruled over vast and mostly uninhabited territorial expanses, sparsely populated by largely autonomous tribes, and with little in the way of direct administration or settlement by an imperial power. For example, various Mongol khanates from the 13th century established dominion over arid steppe
Steppe

In physical geography, a steppe , pronounced , is a grassland plain without trees . The prairie can be considered a steppe. It may be semi-desert, or covered with Poaceae or shrubs or both, depending on the season and latitude....
s in Central Asia
Central Asia

Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east, and from southern Russia in the north to northern India in the south....
 and Siberia
Siberia

Siberia , is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of North Asia and for the most part currently serving as the massive central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, having served in the same capacity previously for the Soviet Union from its beginning, and the Russian Empire beginning in the 16th century....
 that were difficult to control from a central authority, as was the case with the expansionist tsar
Tsar

Tsar or czar , occasionally spelled csar or tzar in English language, is a slavs term designating certain monarchs.Originally, the title Czar meant Emperor in the European medieval sense of the term, that is, a ruler who has the same rank as a Ancient Rome or Byzantine emperor due to recognition by another emperor or...
ist Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n empires from the 17th century, which established control in the same regions. In both cases, administrative structures and settlements were gradually introduced into the regions—with Russian settlers, for example, initiating forts and frontier cities in the 19th century in particular—and so the size of each empire in any given decade would depend on how strict one’s criteria are in regard to the presence of true settlement and administration. Likewise, in more recent history, almost half the land expanse that is often regarded as part of the British Empire (and also much of the historical French Empire in North America
North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
), consisted of essentially barren and uninhabitable terrain in Canada
Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
 and the interior of Australia
Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the Australia of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and numerous list of islands of Australia in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans....
, which was often difficult to even map (let alone settle and administer). Even today, the population of those regions (particularly in Nunavut
Nunavut

Nunavut is the largest and newest Provinces and territories of Canada of Canada; it was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999 via the Nunavut Act and the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act, though the actual boundaries had been established in 1993....
 and the Northwest Territories
Northwest Territories

The Northwest Territories are a provinces and territories of Canada of Canada.Located in northern Canada, it borders Canada's two other territories, Yukon to the west and Nunavut to the east, and three provinces: British Columbia to the southwest, Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south....
 of Canada) consists largely of sparse settlements of self-governing indigenous peoples, with little in the way of submission to a central ruling authority.

Many of history’s empires have fragmented into successor states, and the timepoint of this fragmentation (which can bear substantially on estimations of an empire’s size) is often debatable. For example, the Islamic Empire that arose following the spread of Muhammad’s
Muhammad

Muhammad Patronymic#Arabic Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib , is the founder of the Major religious groups of Islam and is regarded by Muslims as a Rasul and prophet of , the last and the greatest law-bearer in a series of prophets....
 small state in 7th century southern Arabia, and the conquests of Caliph
Caliph

The Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah....
 Umar, attained a vast expanse from Spain
Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
 and Morocco
Morocco

Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa with a population of nearly 34 million and an area just under 447,000 km2....
 in the west, out to Central Asia and northern India in the east. However, internal feuding among ruling figures in the empire led it to fragment into several states under separate administrations, such as the Umayyads (whose rule continued in Spain after it collapsed elsewhere), Abbasids, Ayyubids, Mamluks and many others. These were in addition to a variety of other Muslim states in Sudan
Sudan

Sudan is a country in northeastern Africa. It is the largest in the African continent and the Arab World, and List of countries and outlying territories by total area by area....
, Indonesia
Indonesia

The Republic of Indonesia , is a transcontinental country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Comprising Islands of Indonesia, it is the world's largest Archipelago state....
 and elsewhere that later arose outside of the main Islamic Empires, through trade and other contacts. Thus, the size of these empires vary depending on how “membership” in the empire is defined—as being under a single administration, accepting a particular ruler or following the dictates of the Caliph (which technically, Sunni Muslim
Muslim

:A Muslim , , is an adherent of the religion of Islam. The feminine form is Muslimah . Literally, the word means "one who submits "....
s in general were expected to do).

Similarly, the Mongol Empire lost its unity upon the death of the Great Khan Möngke
Möngke Khan

M?ngke Khan , also transliterated as Mongke, Mongka, M?ngka, Mangu or Mangku , was the fourth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire from 1251 to 1259....
 during fighting in China in 1259, with the Golden Horde’s
Golden Horde

The Golden Horde is a East-Slavic designation for the Mongol?later Turkic languages?Muslim khanate established in the western part of the Mongol Empire after the Mongol invasion of Rus' in the 1240s: present-day Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Kazakhstan, and the Caucasus....
 Berke Khan and the Il-Khanate’s Hulegu Khan even taking up arms
Berke-Hulagu war

The Berke-Hulagu war was fought between two Mongol leaders: Berke, Khan of the Golden Horde, and Hulagu, khan of the Ilkhanate. It was fought mostly in the Caucasus mountains area in the 1260s after the destruction of Baghdad in 1258....
 against each other and supporting rival factions for selection of the Great Khan. However, upon the death of Berke—a Muslim—the religious impetus for conflict among the khanates subsided, with the Mongols again supposedly loyal to the new Great Khan Kublai
Kublai Khan

Sorry, no overview for this topic
 before fragmenting yet again later. If the khanates are considered to have been a unified Mongol Empire under Kublai—stretching from Korea
Korea

Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries, a civilization, and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia....
 and China
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
 in the east through Siberia
Siberia

Siberia , is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of North Asia and for the most part currently serving as the massive central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, having served in the same capacity previously for the Soviet Union from its beginning, and the Russian Empire beginning in the 16th century....
 and Central Asia
Central Asia

Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east, and from southern Russia in the north to northern India in the south....
 and into Persia and Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is a term that applies to the geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the Europe. Throughout history and to a lesser extent today, parts of Eastern Europe has been distinguishable from Western Europe and other regions due to cultural, religious, economic, and historical reasons, even though there i...
 in the west—it would easily be the world’s largest in terms of both land area and population (as a percentage of the world total). A related question arises with the granting of dominion
Dominion

A dominion, often Dominion, refers to one of a group of autonomy polity that were nominally under United Kingdom sovereignty, constituting the British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations, from the late 19th century....
 and commonwealth
Commonwealth

The England noun commonwealth dates from the fifteenth century. The original phrase "common-wealth" or "the common weal" comes from the old meaning of "wealth," which is "well-being." The term literally meant "common well-being." Thus commonwealth originally meant a state or nation-state governed for the common good as opposed to an autho...
 statuses among former imperial domains, in which the domains acquire a high degree of self-rule, equivalent to independence in some estimations. For example, Australia
Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the Australia of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and numerous list of islands of Australia in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans....
 attained dominion status in 1901, which may or may not have indicated a departure from the British Empire, depending on interpretation of the status.

Finally, many of history’s empires have had unusual arrangements among multiple powers, such as joint rule by several authorities, layers of rule (with different powers assuming different levels of administrative authority), territorial division with blurred boundaries or other forms of empire without a single obvious central authority. For example, the Manchus, who established the Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
 in 17th-century China, also conquered nomadic lands to the north, including Mongolia
Mongolia

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia and Central Asia. It borders Russia to the north and People's Republic of China to the south, east and west....
. The Manchus increasingly merged with the Chinese population over the centuries, so that the administration took on both Manchu and Chinese features with no clear division among them. The Mongol chieftains of Outer Mongolia
Outer Mongolia

Outer Mongolia was the main part of the Bogdo Khanate of Mongolia, which proclaimed its independence on 29 December 1911. It consisted of the following four , ordering from east to west:...
 in particular, pledged loyalty to the Manchus but retained substantial autonomy, and when the Q’ing Dynasty collapsed in the early 1900’s, the status of Outer Mongolia relative to the new Chinese state became unclear. Britain had a very complicated arrangement with Egypt and Sudan. Egyptian forces defeated the British in the Alexandria Expedition
Fraser campaign

The Alexandria expedition of 1807 was an operation by the Royal Navy and the British Army during the Anglo-Turkish War of the Napoleonic Wars to capture Alexandria in Egypt with the purpose of securing a base of operations against the Ottoman Empire in the Mediterranean Sea....
 in 1807, but in the wake of this, British officials exerted varying degrees of sway in Egypt especially by the late 1800’s, with the French also assuming a role in the Suez Canal
Suez Canal

The Suez Canal is a canal in Egypt. Opened in November 1869, it allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigating around Africa or carrying goods overland between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea....
 territory. Sudan, in turn, was technically a colony of the Egyptians, but the British exerted de facto sway on Sudan indirectly via Egypt. Thus, accounts vary on the imperial status (or lack thereof) of both Egypt and Sudan. Lastly, in the wake of the Bolshevik Revolution, many nations took on a Communist character and attached themselves to the global Communist center of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
. Mongolia, North Korea
North Korea

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea , is a state in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula....
, and China following Communist victory in the Chinese civil war
Chinese Civil War

The Chinese Civil War or , which lasted from April 1927 to May 1950, was a civil war in China between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party ....
, all took guidance from the Soviet Union especially in the years just after their Communist transformations. The Soviet Union also exercised varying control over Eastern Europe via the Warsaw Pact
Warsaw Pact

The Warsaw Pact was an organization of communist states in Central Europe and Eastern Europe. The treaty was signed in Warsaw, Poland on May 14, 1955 and official copies were made in Russian language, Polish language, Czech language and German language....
 even though the Pact countries were formally independent, while Communist nations in Africa
Africa

Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km? including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area....
 and Latin America
Latin America

Latin America is a region of the Americas where Romance languages ? particularly Spanish language and Portuguese language, and variably French language ? are primarily spoken....
 also sought Soviet guidance. Depending on whether and which of these are considered members of the Soviet Empire
Soviet Empire

During the Cold War, the informal term "Soviet Empire" referred to the Soviet Union's influence over a number of smaller nations.Though the Soviet Union was not ruled by an emperor and declared itself anti-imperialism, critics argue that it exhibited certain tendencies common to historic empires....
, the USSR in the late 1940’s or subsequent decades may also be considered as the world’s largest, even bigger than the Mongol Empire under Kublai Khan.

Therefore, the lists of largest empires below represent merely a sample of possible rankings depending on the specific criteria used to define an empire. If stringent definitions were used, then many empires, such as the British Empire in particular, would fall substantially in rankings in terms of both geographical size and population. Likewise, either the Mongol Empire under Kublai or the Soviet Empire, at various points from the 1940’s, could be deemed the world’s largest depending on what is regarded to constitute their imperial domains and administration.

Largest empires by landmass


Ancient empires


  1. Achaemenid Empire
    Achaemenid Empire

    The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire was amongst the first Persian Empires that ruled over significant portions of Greater Iran, and followed the Ancient Iranian peoples Median Empire....
     - 10.7 million km² (under Emperor Darius the Great)
  2. Sassanid Empire
    Sassanid Empire

    The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty is the name of the last pre-Islamic Iranian empire. It was one of the two main powers in Western Asia for a period of more than 400 years....
     - 7.4 million km² (under Emperor Khosrau II
    Khosrau II

    Khosrau II or Khosrow II was the twenty-second Sassanid Empire King of Persia from 590 to 628. He was the son of Hormizd IV and grandson of Khosrau I ....
    )
  3. Han Empire
    Han Dynasty

    The Han Dynasty followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. The Han Dynasty was ruled by the family known as the Liu clan who had peasant origins....
     - 6.0 million km²
  4. Roman Empire
    Roman Empire

    The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
     - 5.9 million km² (under Emperor Trajan
    Trajan

    Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan , was a Roman Emperors who reigned from 98 until his death in 117. Born Marcus Ulpius Traianus into a nonpatrician family in the Hispania Baetica province , Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian, serving as a general in the Roman army along the Limes G...
    ) - 27BC to 476CE
  5. Macedonian Empire
    Macedonia

    Macedonia may refer to:...
     - 5.9 million km² (under Emperor Alexander the Great
    Alexander the Great

    Alexander the Great , also known as Alexander III of Macedon was an ancient Greeks King of Macedon . He was one of the most successful military commanders of all time and is presumed undefeated in battle....
    )
  6. Maurya Empire
    Maurya Empire

    The Maurya Empire , ruled by the Mauryan dynasty, was geographically extensive, great power, and a political military empire in history of India....
     - 5.9 million km² (under Ashoka the Great
    Ashoka

    Ashoka was an Indian emperor, of the Maurya Empire who ruled from 273 BCE to 232 BCE. Often cited as one of India's as well as world's greatest emperors, Ashoka reigned over most of present-day India after a number of military conquests....
    )
  7. Gupta Empire - 4.5 million km² (under Chandragupta II
    Chandragupta II

    Chandragupta II was one of the most powerful emperors of the Gupta empire. His rule spanned 375-413/15 CE, during which the Gupta Empire achieved its zenith....
     in 400)
  8. Parthian Empire
    Parthian Empire

    The Arsacid Empire , was a significant political and cultural power in the ancient Near East, and a counterweight to the Roman Empire in the region....
     - 4 million km² (Under Mithridates the Great 123–88 BCE)
  9. Hunnic Empire
    Hunnic Empire

    Hunnic Empire, the empire of the Huns.The Huns were a confederation of Eurasian tribes, probably especially Turkic ones, from the Steppes of Central Asia....
     - 4 million km² (under Attila the Hun
    Attila the Hun

    Attila , also known as Attila the Hun, was leader of the Huns from 434 until his death in 453. He was leader of the Hunnic Empire which stretched from Germany to the Ural River and from the Danube to the Baltic Sea ....
     in 441)
  10. Seleucid Empire
    Seleucid Empire

    The Seleucid Empire /s?'lus?d/ was a Hellenistic empire, i.e. a successor state of Alexander the Great's empire. The Seleucid Empire was centered in the near East and at the height of its power included central Anatolia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Persia, today's Turkmenistan, Pamir Mountains and parts of Pakistan....
     - 3.9 million km²
  11. Xiongnu Empire - 3.5 million km²
  12. Median Empire
    Medes

    The Medes were an Ancient Iranian peoples who lived in the northwestern portions of present-day Iran. This area was known in Greek as Media or Medea ....
     - 3.3 million km²
  13. Qin Empire
    Qin Dynasty

    The Qin Dynasty was preceded by the feudal Zhou Dynasty and followed by the Han Dynasty in China. The unification of China in 221 BCE under the Qin Shi Huang marked the beginning of Imperial China, a period which lasted until the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1912 CE....
     - 3 million km²
  14. Qajar Empire
    Qajar dynasty

    The Qajar dynasty is a common term to describe Iran under the ruling Qajar royal family that ruled Iran from 1794 to 1925. In 1794 the Qajar family took full control of Iran as they had eliminated all their rivals, including Lotf 'Ali Khan, the last of the Zand dynasty, and had reasserted Persian sovereignty over the former Iranian terr...
     - 3 million km²
  15. Neo-Assyrian Empire
    Neo-Assyrian Empire

    The Neo-Assyrian Empire was a period of Mesopotamian history which began in 934 BC and ended in 609 BC. During this period, Assyria assumed a position as a great regional power, vying with Babylonia and other lesser powers for dominance of the region, though not until the reforms of Tiglath-Pileser III in the 8th century BC, did it become a p...
     - 1.4 million km²
  16. Aksumite Empire - 1.25 million km²
  17. Satvahana Empire
    Satavahana

    The Satavahanas also known as Andhras , were a dynasty which ruled from Junnar , Prathisthan in Maharashtra and Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh in Andhra Pradesh over Southern and Central India from around 230 BCE onward....
     - 1 million km²
  18. Egyptian Empire
    New Kingdom

    The New Kingdom, sometimes referred to as the Egyptian Empire, is the period in ancient Egyptian History of Ancient Egypt between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC, covering the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt, Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt, and Twentieth dynasty of Egypt....
     - 1 million km²
  19. Akkadian Empire - 650,000 km²
  20. Magadha Empire
    Magadha

    Magadha formed one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas or Kingdoms of Ancient India. The core of the kingdom was the area of Bihar south of the Ganges; its first capital was Rajagaha then Pataliputra ....
     - 650,000 km²
  21. Hittite Empire - 510,000 km²
  22. Neo-Babylonian Empire
    Neo-Babylonian Empire

    The term Neo-Babylonian or Chaldean refers to Babylonia under the rule of the 11th dynasty, from the revolt of Nabopolassar in 626 BC until the invasion of Cyrus the Great in 539 BC, notably including the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II....
     - 500,000 km²
  23. Armenian Empire
    Kingdom of Armenia

    The Kingdom of Armenia was an independent kingdom from 190 BC to AD 387 and a client state of the Roman and Persian empires until 428, stretching from the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean Sea seas....
     - 400,000 km²


Medieval empires


  1. Mongol Empire
    Mongol Empire

    The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires#Contiguous Empires empire and the largest bar none. It emerged from the unification of Mongols and Turkic peoples tribes in modern day Mongolia, and grew through Mongol invasions, after Genghis Khan had been proclaimed ruler of all Mongols in 1206....
     - 33.2 million km² (under Khublai Khan in 1268)
  2. Qing Empire
    Qing Dynasty

    The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
     - 13 million km²
  3. Umayyad Caliphate - 10.2 million km²
  4. Abbasid Caliphate- 10 million km 2
  5. Rashidun Caliphate - 9 million km² (under Caliph Uthman
    Uthman

    ?Uthman ibn ?Affan was one of the sahaba . An early convert to Islam, he played a major role in early Muslim history, most notably as the third Caliph of the Rashidun Empire and in the compilation of the Qur'an....
     in 654
    654

    Events...
    )
  6. Sassanid Empire
    Sassanid Empire

    The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty is the name of the last pre-Islamic Iranian empire. It was one of the two main powers in Western Asia for a period of more than 400 years....
     - 7.4 million km² (under Khosrau II
    Khosrau II

    Khosrau II or Khosrow II was the twenty-second Sassanid Empire King of Persia from 590 to 628. He was the son of Hormizd IV and grandson of Khosrau I ....
    )
  7. Ming Empire
    Ming Dynasty

    The Ming Dynasty , or Empire of the Great Ming , was the ruling Dynasties in Chinese history of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty....
     - 5.5 million km²
  8. Tang Empire
    Tang Dynasty

    The Tang Dynasty was an Dynasties in Chinese history preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire....
     - 5.4 million km²
  9. Mughal Empire
    Mughal Empire

    The Mughal Empire was a Muslim imperial power of the Indian subcontinent which began in 1526, ruled most of the Indian Subcontinent by the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and ended in the mid-19th century....
     - 5 million km² (under Aurangzeb
    Aurangzeb

    Aurangzeb Aurangzeb ruled India for 48 years, bringing a larger area under Mughal rule than ever before . He is generally regarded as the last Great Mughal ruler....
     in 1690)
  10. Pala Empire
    Pala Empire

    The Pala Empire was a dynasty in control of the northern and eastern Indian subcontinent, mainly the Bihar and Bengal regions, from the 8th to the 12th century....
     - 4.6 million km² (under Devapala
    Devapala

    Devapala was a powerful king of Pala Empire of Magadha. He was the third king in the line and had succeeded his father, king Dharmapala of Bengal ....
    )
  11. Eastern Roman Empire - 4.5 million km² (called themselves the Roman Empire
    Roman Empire

    The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
    )
  12. Great Seljuq Empire
    Great Seljuq Empire

    The Great Seljuq Empire was a medieval Sunni Islam Turkish people Persianate empire established by the Qynyq branch of Oghuz Turks that once controlled a vast area stretching from the Hindu Kush to eastern Anatolia and from Central Asia to the Persian Gulf....
     - 3.9 million km²
  13. Chola Empire
    Chola Dynasty

    The Chola Dynasty was a Tamil people dynasty that ruled primarily in southern India until the 13th century. The dynasty originated in the fertile valley of the Kaveri River....
     - 3.6 million km² (under Rajendra Chola I
    Rajendra Chola I

    Rajendra Chola I was the son of Rajaraja Chola I, the great Chola dynasty king of present day southern India. He succeeded his father in 1014 C.E....
    )
  14. Ghaznavid Empire
    Ghaznavid Empire

    The Ghaznavids were an Islamic and Persianate dynasty of Turkic peoples mamluk origin which existed from 975 to 1187 and ruled much of Persia, Transoxania, and the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent....
     - 3.4 million km²
  15. Median Empire
    Medes

    The Medes were an Ancient Iranian peoples who lived in the northwestern portions of present-day Iran. This area was known in Greek as Media or Medea ....
     - 3.3 million km²
  16. Delhi Sultanate
    Delhi Sultanate

    The Delhi Sultanate refers to the many Muslim countries that ruled in Hindustan from 1206 to 1526. Several Turkic peoples and Pashtun people dynasties ruled from Delhi: the Mamluk Sultanate , the Khilji dynasty , the Tughlaq dynasty , the Sayyid dynasty , and the Lodhi dynasty ....
     - 3.2 million km²
  17. Uyghur Khaganate - 3.2 million km²
  18. Nirun Khaganate
    Rouran

    Rouran , Ruanruan/Ruru also known as Tan Tan was the name of a confederation of nomadic tribes on the northern borders of China Proper from the late 4th century until the late 6th century....
     - 3.1 million km²
  19. Kalmar Union
    Kalmar Union

    The Kalmar Union is a historiography term meaning a series of personal unions that united the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden under a single monarch, though intermittently....
     - 3 million km²
  20. Khazar Empire
    Khazars

    The Khazars were a semi-nomadic Turkic people who dominated the Pontic steppe and the North Caucasus from the 7th to the 10th century CE. The name 'Khazar' seems to be tied to a Turkic languages verb form meaning "wandering"....
     - 3 million km²
  21. Inca Empire
    Inca Empire

    The Inca Empire was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in Cuzco in modern-day Peru....
     (Tahuantinsuyu) - 2 million km² (Under Atahualpa
    Atahualpa

    Atahualpa, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa, or Atawallpa , was the last sovereign emperor of the Tahuantinsuyu, or the Inca Empire. He became emperor upon defeating his older half-brother Hu?scar in a civil war sparked by the death of their father, Inca Huayna Capac, from an infectious disease thought to be smallpox....
     in 1532)
  22. Songhai Empire
    Songhai Empire

    The Songhai Empire, also known as the Songhay Empire, was a pre-colonial African state of west Africa. From the early 15th to the late 16th century, Songhai was one of the largest African empires in history....
     - 1.4 million km² (in 1500)
  23. Aksumite Empire/Ethiopian Empire
    Ethiopia

    Ethiopia , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country situated in the Horn of Africa. Ethiopia is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Sudan to the west, Kenya to the south, Somalia to the east and Djibouti to the northeast....
     - 1.25 million km²
  24. Chalukya Empire
    Chalukya dynasty

    The Chalukya dynasty was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of south India and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries....
    - 1.2 million km²
  25. Srivijaya Empire
    Srivijaya

    Srivijaya or Sriwijaya was an ancient Malays kingdom on the island of Sumatra, Southeast Asia which influenced much of the Malay Archipelago. The earliest solid proof of its existence dates from the 7th century; a Chinese monk, I-Tsing, wrote that he visited Srivijaya in 671 for 6 months....
     - 1.2 million km²
  26. Frankish Empire
    Frankish Empire

    Francia or Frankia, later also called the Frankish Empire , Frankish Kingdom , Frankish Realm or occasionally Frankland, was the territory inhabited and ruled by the Franks from the 3rd to the 10th century....
     - 1.2 million km²
  27. Western Chalukya Empire - 1.2 million km²
  28. Mali Empire
    Mali Empire

    The Mali Empire or Manding Empire or Manden Kurufa was a West African civilization of the Mandinka people from c. 1230 to c. 1600. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Mansa Mansa Musa....
     - 1.1 million km²
  29. Holy Roman Empire
    Holy Roman Empire

    The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
     - 1.1 million km² (under Frederick II
    Frederick II

    Frederick II may refer to:* Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor * Frederick II of Austria * Frederick III of Sicily , also called Frederick II* Frederick II, Elector of Saxony ...
     in 1250)
  30. Harsha's empire
    Harsha

    Harsha or Harshavardhana or "Harsha vardhan" was an Indian Rajput emperor who ruledNorthern India for fifty seven years. He was the son of Prabhakar Vardhan and younger brother of Rajyavardhan, a king of Thanesar....
     - 1 million km² (under Harsha Vardhana
    Harsha

    Harsha or Harshavardhana or "Harsha vardhan" was an Indian Rajput emperor who ruledNorthern India for fifty seven years. He was the son of Prabhakar Vardhan and younger brother of Rajyavardhan, a king of Thanesar....
     in 648)
  31. Almoravid Empire
    Almoravids

    The Almoravids were a Berbers dynasty from the Sahara that spread over a wide area of North Africa and the Iberian peninsula during the 11th century....
     - 1 million km²
  32. Khmer Empire
    Khmer Empire

    The Khmer Empire was the largest empire of South East Asia based in what is now Cambodia. The empire, which seceded from the kingdom of Chenla, at times ruled over and/or vassalised parts of modern-day Laos, Thailand,Vietnam, Myanmar, and Malaysia....
     - 1 million km²
  33. Maratha Empire
    Maratha Empire

    The Maratha Empire or the Maratha Confederacy was a Hindu state located in present-day India. It existed from 1674 to 1818. At its peak, the empire's territories covered much of South Asia....
     - 1 million km² ( in 1760 )
  34. Grand Duchy of Lithuania
    Grand Duchy of Lithuania

    The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was an Eastern and Central European state from the 12th /13th century until the 18th century. It was founded by Lithuanians, at the time one of the Lithuanian mythology Baltic tribes, whose initial lands covered Auk?taitija, the eastern part of present day Lithuania....
     - 930,000 km² (under Vytautas the Great
    Vytautas the Great

    Vytautas the Great , was one of the most famous rulers of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. With the title Didysis Kunigaik?tis, the equivalent of Monarch, he was the supreme ruler of his dominions and also a member of the Order of the Dragon....
     in 1430)
  35. Bulgarian Empire
    Bulgarian Empire

    Bulgarian Empire is a term used to describe two periods in the medieval history of Bulgaria, during which it acted as a key regional power in Europe in general and in Southeastern Europe in particular, often rivalling Byzantine Empire....
     - 700,000 km² (under Tsar
    Tsar

    Tsar or czar , occasionally spelled csar or tzar in English language, is a slavs term designating certain monarchs.Originally, the title Czar meant Emperor in the European medieval sense of the term, that is, a ruler who has the same rank as a Ancient Rome or Byzantine emperor due to recognition by another emperor or...
     Simeon I
    Simeon I of Bulgaria

    Simeon I the Great ruled over Bulgaria from 893 to 927, during the First Bulgarian Empire. Simeon's successful campaigns against the Byzantine Empire, Magyars and Serbs led Bulgaria to its greatest territorial expansion ever, making it the most powerful state in contemporary Eastern Europe....
    )
  36. Vijayanagara Empire
    Vijayanagara Empire

    The Vijayanagara Empire was a South Indian empire based in the Deccan Plateau. Established in 1336 by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I, it lasted until 1646 although its power declined after a major military defeat in 1565 by the Deccan sultanates....
     - 360,000 km²
  37. Serbian Empire
    Serbian Empire

    The Serbian Empire was a medieval empire in the Balkans that emerged from the medieval Serbian kingdom in the 14th century. The Serbian Empire existed from 1346 to 1371....
     - 200,000 km²


Modern empires


  1. British Empire
    British Empire

    The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, and other Dependent territory ruled or administered by the United Kingdom , that had originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries....
     - 36.6 million km² (under George V
    George V of the United Kingdom

    George V was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha....
     in 1922)
  2. Russian Empire
    Russian Empire

    File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
     - 24.8 million km² (under Nicholas I
    Nicholas I of Russia

    Nicholas I , , was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855, known as one of the most reactionary of the List of Russian rulers. On the eve of his death, the Russian Empire reached its historical zenith spanning over 20 million square kilometres....
     in 1855) - including Alaska
    Alaska

    Alaska is the largest U.S. state of the United States by area; it is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait....


  1. Spanish Empire
    Spanish Empire

    The Spanish Empire was one of the largest empires in world history, and one of the first global empires. It included territories and colonies ruled by Spain in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania between the 15th and late 19th centuries....
     - 20 million km² (under Charles III
    Charles III of Spain

    Charles III was list of Spanish monarchs 1759?88 , King of Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily 1735?59 , and Duchy of Parma 1732?35 . He was a proponent of enlightened absolutism....
    )
  2. Qing Empire
    Qing Dynasty

    The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
     - 13 million km² (under Qianlong
    Qianlong Emperor

    The Qianlong Emperor was the fifth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty, and the fourth Qing dynasty emperors to rule over China. The fourth son of the Yongzheng Emperor, he reigned officially from October 11, 1736 to February 7, 1795....
    )
  3. French colonial empire - 12.5 million km²
  4. Portuguese Empire
    Portuguese Empire

    The Portuguese Empire was the first global empire in history and also the earliest and longest lived of the modern European Colonialism empires, spanning almost six centuries, from the capture of Ceuta in 1415 to the handover of Macau in 1999....
     - 10.4 million km²
  5. United States
    Overseas expansion of the United States

    United States overseas expansion follows the expansion of U.S. frontiers on the North American continent , in particular during the "Age of Imperialism", the later part of the nineteenth century and ending with WWI, when all the major powers rapidly expanded their overseas territories....
     - 10 million km² (1898-1902 and 1906-1908)
  6. Brazilian Empire
    Brazilian Empire

    The Empire of Brazil was a political entity that comprised present-day Brazil under the rule of Emperors Pedro I of Brazil and his son Pedro II of Brazil....
     - 8.1 million km²
  7. Japanese Empire
    Empire of Japan

    The Empire of Japan was a Japanese political entity that existed during the period from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until its defeat in World War II in 1945....
     - 7.4 million km² (during World War II
    World War II

    World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
    )
  8. Ottoman Empire
    Ottoman Empire

    The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
     - 5.5 million km² (under Mehmed IV
    Mehmed IV

    Mehmed IV was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1648 to 1687. Taking the throne at age seven, his reign was significant as he changed the nature of the Sultan's position forever by giving up most of his executive power to his Grand Vizier....
     [including autonomous indirect ruled lands] in 1680)
  9. Mughal Empire
    Mughal Empire

    The Mughal Empire was a Muslim imperial power of the Indian subcontinent which began in 1526, ruled most of the Indian Subcontinent by the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and ended in the mid-19th century....
     - 5 million km²
  10. First Mexican Empire
    First Mexican Empire

    The Mexican Empire was the official name of independent Mexico under a monarchical regime from 1822 to 1823. The territory of the Mexican Empire included the continental intendencies and provinces of Viceroyalty of New Spain proper and those of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala....
     - 4.4 million km²
  11. Afsharid Persian Empire - 4 million km² (under Nadir Shah)
  12. Italian Empire - 3.8 million km² (during World War II
    World War II

    World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
    )
  13. Dutch Empire
    Dutch Empire

    The Dutch Empire consisted of the overseas territories controlled by the Netherlands from the 17th to the 20th century. The Dutch followed Portuguese Empire and Spanish Empire in establishing an overseas colonial empire, aided by their skills in shipping and trade and the surge of nationalism accompanying the struggle for independence from S...
     - 3.7 million km²
  14. Nazi Empire
    Nazi Germany

    Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
     - 3.6 million km² (during World War II
    World War II

    World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
  15. Safavid Empire
    Safavid dynasty

    The Safavids were an Iranian Shia dynasty of mixed Azerbaijani people and Kurdistan origins which ruled Persia from 1501/1502 to 1722. Safavids established the greatest Iranian empire since the Islamic conquest of Persia and established the Twelvers of Imamah as the official religion of their empire, marking one of the most important turni...
     - 3.5 million km²
  16. German Empire
    German Empire

    The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from the unification of Germany and proclamation of William I, German Emperor as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became Weimar republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of William II, German Emperor ....
     - 3.5 million km² (under Wilhelm II before World War I
    World War I

    World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
    )
  17. Qajar Empire
    Qajar dynasty

    The Qajar dynasty is a common term to describe Iran under the ruling Qajar royal family that ruled Iran from 1794 to 1925. In 1794 the Qajar family took full control of Iran as they had eliminated all their rivals, including Lotf 'Ali Khan, the last of the Zand dynasty, and had reasserted Persian sovereignty over the former Iranian terr...
    - 3 million km²
  18. Belgian Empire
    Belgian colonial empire

    The Belgian colonial empire consisted of three colonialism possessed by Belgium between 1901 to 1962. This empire was unlike those of the major European imperial powers since roughly 98% of it was just one colony ? the Belgian Congo ? and that had originated as the private property of the country's king, L?opold II of Belgium, rather than b...
     - 2.5 million km²
  19. Thai Empire / Siamese Empire - 1.12 million km² (under Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke
    Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke

    Posthumously; Poraminthara Mahachakri Boromanat, Phra Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke the Great , conventionally as Rama I. He was the founder and the first Monarchy of Thailand of the current-ruling Chakri dynasty of Siam in 1782, after subjugating a rebellion against King Taksin of Thonburi....
     in 1782)
  20. Swedish Empire
    Swedish Empire

    Sweden was, between 1611 and 1718, one of the great powers of Europe. In modern historiography this period is known as the Swedish Empire, or stormaktstiden ....
     - 1.1 million km² (under Charles X Gustav
    Charles X Gustav of Sweden

    Charles X Gustav was Monarch of Sweden from 1654 until his death. He was the son of John Casimir, Count Palatine of Kleeburg, Count Palatine of Zweibr?cken-Kleeburg and Catharina of Sweden....
     in 1658)
  21. Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
    Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

    The Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth was one of the largest and most populous countries in 16th and 17th-century Europe, formed by a Union of Lublin of Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1569....
     - 990,000 km² (under Sigismund III in 1619)
  22. Austro-Hungarian Empire
    Austria-Hungary

    Austria-Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Kaiserlich und k?niglich Monarchy was a state in Central Europe ruled by the House of Habsburg, constitutionally a personal union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary....
     - 676,615 km²
  23. Sikh Empire - 560,900 km² (under Maharajah Sher Singh
    Sher Singh

    Sher Singh, was a Sikh ruler of the Sovereignty country of Punjab region and the Sikh Empire. He was the son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Queen Rani Mehtab Kaur who was also the mother of Prince Tara Singh....
     before First Anglo-Sikh War
    First Anglo-Sikh War

    The First Anglo-Sikh War was fought between the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company between 1845 and 1846. It resulted in partial subjugation of the Sikh kingdom....
     in 1845)
  24. Korean Empire
    Korean Empire

    The Greater Korean Empire was a former empire of Korea that succeded the Joseon Dynasty that ruled the nation over the past 500 years.In 1897, Emperor Gojong of Korea proclaimed the new entity at Deoksugung Palace and oversaw the partially successful modernization of the military, economy, real property laws, education system, and various...
     - 220,186 km²


All empires


  1. British Empire
    British Empire

    The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, and other Dependent territory ruled or administered by the United Kingdom , that had originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries....
     - 36.6 million km² (under George V
    George V of the United Kingdom

    George V was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha....
     in 1922) - 24.6% of the Earth's total land area
  2. Mongol Empire
    Mongol Empire

    The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires#Contiguous Empires empire and the largest bar none. It emerged from the unification of Mongols and Turkic peoples tribes in modern day Mongolia, and grew through Mongol invasions, after Genghis Khan had been proclaimed ruler of all Mongols in 1206....
     - 33.2 million km² (under Kublai Khan
    Kublai Khan

    Sorry, no overview for this topic
     in 1268)
  3. Russian Empire
    Russian Empire

    File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
     - 24.8 million km² (under Alexander II
    Alexander II of Russia

    Alexander II Nikolaevich , also known as Alexander the Liberator was the List of Russian rulers of the Russian Empire from 3 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881....
     in 1866) - including Alaska
    Alaska

    Alaska is the largest U.S. state of the United States by area; it is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait....


  1. Spanish Empire
    Spanish Empire

    The Spanish Empire was one of the largest empires in world history, and one of the first global empires. It included territories and colonies ruled by Spain in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania between the 15th and late 19th centuries....
     - 20 million km² (under King Charles III
    Charles III of Spain

    Charles III was list of Spanish monarchs 1759?88 , King of Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily 1735?59 , and Duchy of Parma 1732?35 . He was a proponent of enlightened absolutism....
     r. 1759-1788)
  2. Qing Empire
    Qing Dynasty

    The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
     - 13 million km² (under Emperor Qianlong
    Qianlong Emperor

    The Qianlong Emperor was the fifth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty, and the fourth Qing dynasty emperors to rule over China. The fourth son of the Yongzheng Emperor, he reigned officially from October 11, 1736 to February 7, 1795....
    )
  3. French Empire
    French colonial empires

    The French colonial empire was the set of territories outside Europe that were under French rule from the 1600s to the late 1960s. In terms of land area, the Empire reached its height of 12,347,000 km? after World War One....
     - 12.5 million km² (under President Albert Lebrun
    Albert Lebrun

    Albert Lebrun was a France politician, President of France from 1932 to 1940, and as such was the last president of the French Third Republic. He was a member of the center-right Democratic Republican Alliance ....
     in 1938)
  4. Achaemenid Empire
    Achaemenid Empire

    The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire was amongst the first Persian Empires that ruled over significant portions of Greater Iran, and followed the Ancient Iranian peoples Median Empire....
     - 10.7 million km² (under Emperor Darius the Great)
  5. Portuguese Empire
    Portuguese Empire

    The Portuguese Empire was the first global empire in history and also the earliest and longest lived of the modern European Colonialism empires, spanning almost six centuries, from the capture of Ceuta in 1415 to the handover of Macau in 1999....
     - 10.4 million km²
  6. Umayyad Caliphate - 10.2 million km² (under Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
    Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik

    Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik 10th Umayyad caliph who ruled from 723 until his death in 743. When he was born in 691 his mother named him after her father....
     r. 723-743)
  7. United States
    Overseas expansion of the United States

    United States overseas expansion follows the expansion of U.S. frontiers on the North American continent , in particular during the "Age of Imperialism", the later part of the nineteenth century and ending with WWI, when all the major powers rapidly expanded their overseas territories....
     - 10 million km² (1898-1902 and 1906-1908)
  8. Abbasid Caliphate - 10 million km²
  9. Rashidun Caliphate - 9 million km² (under Caliph
    Caliph

    The Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah....
     Uthman Ibn Affan r. 644-656)
  10. Brazilian Empire
    Brazilian Empire

    The Empire of Brazil was a political entity that comprised present-day Brazil under the rule of Emperors Pedro I of Brazil and his son Pedro II of Brazil....
     - 8.1 million km²
  11. Japanese Empire
    Empire of Japan

    The Empire of Japan was a Japanese political entity that existed during the period from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until its defeat in World War II in 1945....
     - 7.4 million km² (during World War II
    World War II

    World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
    )
  12. Sassanid Empire
    Sassanid Empire

    The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty is the name of the last pre-Islamic Iranian empire. It was one of the two main powers in Western Asia for a period of more than 400 years....
     - 7.4 million km² (under Emperor Khosrau II
    Khosrau II

    Khosrau II or Khosrow II was the twenty-second Sassanid Empire King of Persia from 590 to 628. He was the son of Hormizd IV and grandson of Khosrau I ....
    )
  13. Han Empire
    Han Dynasty

    The Han Dynasty followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. The Han Dynasty was ruled by the family known as the Liu clan who had peasant origins....
     - 6.0 million km²
  14. Roman Empire
    Roman Empire

    The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
     - 5.9 million km² (under Emperor Trajan
    Trajan

    Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan , was a Roman Emperors who reigned from 98 until his death in 117. Born Marcus Ulpius Traianus into a nonpatrician family in the Hispania Baetica province , Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian, serving as a general in the Roman army along the Limes G...
    )
  15. Maurya Empire
    Maurya Empire

    The Maurya Empire , ruled by the Mauryan dynasty, was geographically extensive, great power, and a political military empire in history of India....
     - 5.9 million km² (under Ashoka the Great
    Ashoka

    Ashoka was an Indian emperor, of the Maurya Empire who ruled from 273 BCE to 232 BCE. Often cited as one of India's as well as world's greatest emperors, Ashoka reigned over most of present-day India after a number of military conquests....
    )
  16. Macedonian Empire
    Macedonia

    Macedonia may refer to:...
     - 5.9 million km² (under Emperor Alexander the Great
    Alexander the Great

    Alexander the Great , also known as Alexander III of Macedon was an ancient Greeks King of Macedon . He was one of the most successful military commanders of all time and is presumed undefeated in battle....
    )
  17. Ottoman Empire
    Ottoman Empire

    The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
     - 5.5 million km² (under Mehmed IV
    Mehmed IV

    Mehmed IV was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1648 to 1687. Taking the throne at age seven, his reign was significant as he changed the nature of the Sultan's position forever by giving up most of his executive power to his Grand Vizier....
     [including autonomous indirect ruled lands] in 1680))
  18. Ming Empire
    Ming Dynasty

    The Ming Dynasty , or Empire of the Great Ming , was the ruling Dynasties in Chinese history of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty....
     - 5.5 million km²
  19. Tang Empire
    Tang Dynasty

    The Tang Dynasty was an Dynasties in Chinese history preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire....
     - 5.4 million km²
  20. Mughal Empire
    Mughal Empire

    The Mughal Empire was a Muslim imperial power of the Indian subcontinent which began in 1526, ruled most of the Indian Subcontinent by the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and ended in the mid-19th century....
     - 5 million km² (under Aurangzeb
    Aurangzeb

    Aurangzeb Aurangzeb ruled India for 48 years, bringing a larger area under Mughal rule than ever before . He is generally regarded as the last Great Mughal ruler....
     in 1690)
  21. Pala Empire
    Pala Empire

    The Pala Empire was a dynasty in control of the northern and eastern Indian subcontinent, mainly the Bihar and Bengal regions, from the 8th to the 12th century....
     - 4.6 million km² (under Devapala
    Devapala

    Devapala was a powerful king of Pala Empire of Magadha. He was the third king in the line and had succeeded his father, king Dharmapala of Bengal ....
    )
  22. Gupta Empire - 4.5 million km² (under Chandragupta II
    Chandragupta II

    Chandragupta II was one of the most powerful emperors of the Gupta empire. His rule spanned 375-413/15 CE, during which the Gupta Empire achieved its zenith....
     in 400)
  23. Eastern Roman Empire - 4.5 million km² (called themselves the Roman Empire
    Roman Empire

    The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
    )
  24. Mexican Empire
    First Mexican Empire

    The Mexican Empire was the official name of independent Mexico under a monarchical regime from 1822 to 1823. The territory of the Mexican Empire included the continental intendencies and provinces of Viceroyalty of New Spain proper and those of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala....
     - 4.4 million km²
  25. Parthian Empire
    Parthian Empire

    The Arsacid Empire , was a significant political and cultural power in the ancient Near East, and a counterweight to the Roman Empire in the region....
     - 4 million km² (Under Mithridates the Great 123–88 BCE)
  26. Afsharid Persian Empire - 4 million km² (under Nadir Shah)
  27. Hunnic Empire
    Hunnic Empire

    Hunnic Empire, the empire of the Huns.The Huns were a confederation of Eurasian tribes, probably especially Turkic ones, from the Steppes of Central Asia....
     - 4 million km² (under Attila the Hun
    Attila the Hun

    Attila , also known as Attila the Hun, was leader of the Huns from 434 until his death in 453. He was leader of the Hunnic Empire which stretched from Germany to the Ural River and from the Danube to the Baltic Sea ....
     in 441)
  28. Great Seljuq Empire
    Great Seljuq Empire

    The Great Seljuq Empire was a medieval Sunni Islam Turkish people Persianate empire established by the Qynyq branch of Oghuz Turks that once controlled a vast area stretching from the Hindu Kush to eastern Anatolia and from Central Asia to the Persian Gulf....
     - 3.9 million km²
  29. Seleucid Empire
    Seleucid Empire

    The Seleucid Empire /s?'lus?d/ was a Hellenistic empire, i.e. a successor state of Alexander the Great's empire. The Seleucid Empire was centered in the near East and at the height of its power included central Anatolia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Persia, today's Turkmenistan, Pamir Mountains and parts of Pakistan....
     - 3.9 million km²
  30. Italian Empire - 3.8 million km² (during World War II
    World War II

    World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
    )
  31. Dutch Empire
    Dutch Empire

    The Dutch Empire consisted of the overseas territories controlled by the Netherlands from the 17th to the 20th century. The Dutch followed Portuguese Empire and Spanish Empire in establishing an overseas colonial empire, aided by their skills in shipping and trade and the surge of nationalism accompanying the struggle for independence from S...
     - 3.7 million km²
  32. Nazi Empire
    Nazi Germany

    Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
     - 3.6 million km² (during World War II
    World War II

    World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
    )
  33. Chola Empire
    Chola Dynasty

    The Chola Dynasty was a Tamil people dynasty that ruled primarily in southern India until the 13th century. The dynasty originated in the fertile valley of the Kaveri River....
     - 3.6 million km² (under Rajendra Chola I
    Rajendra Chola I

    Rajendra Chola I was the son of Rajaraja Chola I, the great Chola dynasty king of present day southern India. He succeeded his father in 1014 C.E....
    )
  34. Safavid Empire
    Safavid dynasty

    The Safavids were an Iranian Shia dynasty of mixed Azerbaijani people and Kurdistan origins which ruled Persia from 1501/1502 to 1722. Safavids established the greatest Iranian empire since the Islamic conquest of Persia and established the Twelvers of Imamah as the official religion of their empire, marking one of the most important turni...
     - 3.5 million km²
  35. German Empire
    German Empire

    The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from the unification of Germany and proclamation of William I, German Emperor as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became Weimar republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of William II, German Emperor ....
     - 3.5 million km² (under Wilhelm II before World War I
    World War I

    World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
    )
  36. Xiongnu Empire - 3.5 million km²
  37. Ghaznavid Empire
    Ghaznavid Empire

    The Ghaznavids were an Islamic and Persianate dynasty of Turkic peoples mamluk origin which existed from 975 to 1187 and ruled much of Persia, Transoxania, and the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent....
     - 3.4 million km²
  38. Delhi Sultanate
    Delhi Sultanate

    The Delhi Sultanate refers to the many Muslim countries that ruled in Hindustan from 1206 to 1526. Several Turkic peoples and Pashtun people dynasties ruled from Delhi: the Mamluk Sultanate , the Khilji dynasty , the Tughlaq dynasty , the Sayyid dynasty , and the Lodhi dynasty ....
     - 3.2 million km²
  39. Uyghur Khaganate - 3.2 million km²
  40. Nirun Khaganate
    Rouran

    Rouran , Ruanruan/Ruru also known as Tan Tan was the name of a confederation of nomadic tribes on the northern borders of China Proper from the late 4th century until the late 6th century....
     - 3.1 million km²
  41. Kalmar Union
    Kalmar Union

    The Kalmar Union is a historiography term meaning a series of personal unions that united the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden under a single monarch, though intermittently....
     - 3 million km²
  42. Khazar Empire
    Khazars

    The Khazars were a semi-nomadic Turkic people who dominated the Pontic steppe and the North Caucasus from the 7th to the 10th century CE. The name 'Khazar' seems to be tied to a Turkic languages verb form meaning "wandering"....
     - 3 million km²
  43. Qin Empire
    Qin Dynasty

    The Qin Dynasty was preceded by the feudal Zhou Dynasty and followed by the Han Dynasty in China. The unification of China in 221 BCE under the Qin Shi Huang marked the beginning of Imperial China, a period which lasted until the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1912 CE....
     - 3 million km²
  44. Qajar Empire
    Qajar dynasty

    The Qajar dynasty is a common term to describe Iran under the ruling Qajar royal family that ruled Iran from 1794 to 1925. In 1794 the Qajar family took full control of Iran as they had eliminated all their rivals, including Lotf 'Ali Khan, the last of the Zand dynasty, and had reasserted Persian sovereignty over the former Iranian terr...
    - 2.9 million km²
  45. Median Empire
    Medes

    The Medes were an Ancient Iranian peoples who lived in the northwestern portions of present-day Iran. This area was known in Greek as Media or Medea ....
     - 2.8 million km²
  46. Belgian Empire
    Belgian colonial empire

    The Belgian colonial empire consisted of three colonialism possessed by Belgium between 1901 to 1962. This empire was unlike those of the major European imperial powers since roughly 98% of it was just one colony ? the Belgian Congo ? and that had originated as the private property of the country's king, L?opold II of Belgium, rather than b...
     - 2.5 million km²
  47. Inca Empire
    Inca Empire

    The Inca Empire was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in Cuzco in modern-day Peru....
     (Tahuantinsuyu) - 2 million km² (Under Atahualpa
    Atahualpa

    Atahualpa, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa, or Atawallpa , was the last sovereign emperor of the Tahuantinsuyu, or the Inca Empire. He became emperor upon defeating his older half-brother Hu?scar in a civil war sparked by the death of their father, Inca Huayna Capac, from an infectious disease thought to be smallpox....
     in 1532)
  48. Neo-Assyrian Empire
    Neo-Assyrian Empire

    The Neo-Assyrian Empire was a period of Mesopotamian history which began in 934 BC and ended in 609 BC. During this period, Assyria assumed a position as a great regional power, vying with Babylonia and other lesser powers for dominance of the region, though not until the reforms of Tiglath-Pileser III in the 8th century BC, did it become a p...
     - 1.4 million km²
  49. Songhai Empire
    Songhai Empire

    The Songhai Empire, also known as the Songhay Empire, was a pre-colonial African state of west Africa. From the early 15th to the late 16th century, Songhai was one of the largest African empires in history....
     - 1.4 million km² (in 1500)
  50. Aksumite Empire - 1.25 million km²
  51. Chalukya Empire
    Chalukya dynasty

    The Chalukya dynasty was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of south India and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries....
    - 1.2 million km²
  52. Srivijaya Empire
    Srivijaya

    Srivijaya or Sriwijaya was an ancient Malays kingdom on the island of Sumatra, Southeast Asia which influenced much of the Malay Archipelago. The earliest solid proof of its existence dates from the 7th century; a Chinese monk, I-Tsing, wrote that he visited Srivijaya in 671 for 6 months....
     - 1.2 million km²
  53. Frankish Empire
    Frankish Empire

    Francia or Frankia, later also called the Frankish Empire , Frankish Kingdom , Frankish Realm or occasionally Frankland, was the territory inhabited and ruled by the Franks from the 3rd to the 10th century....
     - 1.2 million km²
  54. Western Chalukya Empire - 1.2 million km²
  55. Thai Empire / Siamese Empire - 1.12 million km² (under Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke
    Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke

    Posthumously; Poraminthara Mahachakri Boromanat, Phra Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke the Great , conventionally as Rama I. He was the founder and the first Monarchy of Thailand of the current-ruling Chakri dynasty of Siam in 1782, after subjugating a rebellion against King Taksin of Thonburi....
     in 1782)
  56. Mali Empire
    Mali Empire

    The Mali Empire or Manding Empire or Manden Kurufa was a West African civilization of the Mandinka people from c. 1230 to c. 1600. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Mansa Mansa Musa....
     - 1.1 million km²
  57. Holy Roman Empire
    Holy Roman Empire

    The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
     - 1.1 million km² (under Frederick II
    Frederick II

    Frederick II may refer to:* Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor * Frederick II of Austria * Frederick III of Sicily , also called Frederick II* Frederick II, Elector of Saxony ...
     in 1250)
  58. Egyptian Empire
    New Kingdom

    The New Kingdom, sometimes referred to as the Egyptian Empire, is the period in ancient Egyptian History of Ancient Egypt between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC, covering the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt, Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt, and Twentieth dynasty of Egypt....
     - 1 million km²
  59. Satavahana
    Satavahana

    The Satavahanas also known as Andhras , were a dynasty which ruled from Junnar , Prathisthan in Maharashtra and Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh in Andhra Pradesh over Southern and Central India from around 230 BCE onward....
     - 1 million km²
  60. Harsha's empire
    Harsha

    Harsha or Harshavardhana or "Harsha vardhan" was an Indian Rajput emperor who ruledNorthern India for fifty seven years. He was the son of Prabhakar Vardhan and younger brother of Rajyavardhan, a king of Thanesar....
     - 1 million km² (under Harsha Vardhana
    Harsha

    Harsha or Harshavardhana or "Harsha vardhan" was an Indian Rajput emperor who ruledNorthern India for fifty seven years. He was the son of Prabhakar Vardhan and younger brother of Rajyavardhan, a king of Thanesar....
     in 648)
  61. Almoravid Empire
    Almoravids

    The Almoravids were a Berbers dynasty from the Sahara that spread over a wide area of North Africa and the Iberian peninsula during the 11th century....
     - 1 million km²
  62. Khmer Empire
    Khmer Empire

    The Khmer Empire was the largest empire of South East Asia based in what is now Cambodia. The empire, which seceded from the kingdom of Chenla, at times ruled over and/or vassalised parts of modern-day Laos, Thailand,Vietnam, Myanmar, and Malaysia....
     - 1 million km²
  63. Maratha Empire
    Maratha Empire

    The Maratha Empire or the Maratha Confederacy was a Hindu state located in present-day India. It existed from 1674 to 1818. At its peak, the empire's territories covered much of South Asia....
     - 1 million km² ( in 1760 )
  64. Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
    Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

    The Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth was one of the largest and most populous countries in 16th and 17th-century Europe, formed by a Union of Lublin of Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1569....
     - 990,000 km² (under Sigismund III in 1619)
  65. Grand Duchy of Lithuania
    Grand Duchy of Lithuania

    The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was an Eastern and Central European state from the 12th /13th century until the 18th century. It was founded by Lithuanians, at the time one of the Lithuanian mythology Baltic tribes, whose initial lands covered Auk?taitija, the eastern part of present day Lithuania....
     - 930,000 km² (under Vytautas the Great
    Vytautas the Great

    Vytautas the Great , was one of the most famous rulers of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. With the title Didysis Kunigaik?tis, the equivalent of Monarch, he was the supreme ruler of his dominions and also a member of the Order of the Dragon....
     in 1430)
  66. Bulgarian Empire
    Bulgarian Empire

    Bulgarian Empire is a term used to describe two periods in the medieval history of Bulgaria, during which it acted as a key regional power in Europe in general and in Southeastern Europe in particular, often rivalling Byzantine Empire....
     - 700,000 km² (under Tsar
    Tsar

    Tsar or czar , occasionally spelled csar or tzar in English language, is a slavs term designating certain monarchs.Originally, the title Czar meant Emperor in the European medieval sense of the term, that is, a ruler who has the same rank as a Ancient Rome or Byzantine emperor due to recognition by another emperor or...
     Simeon I
    Simeon I of Bulgaria

    Simeon I the Great ruled over Bulgaria from 893 to 927, during the First Bulgarian Empire. Simeon's successful campaigns against the Byzantine Empire, Magyars and Serbs led Bulgaria to its greatest territorial expansion ever, making it the most powerful state in contemporary Eastern Europe....
    )
  67. Austro-Hungarian Empire
    Austria-Hungary

    Austria-Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Kaiserlich und k?niglich Monarchy was a state in Central Europe ruled by the House of Habsburg, constitutionally a personal union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary....
     - 676,615 km²
  68. Akkadian Empire - 650,000 km²
  69. Magadha
    Magadha

    Magadha formed one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas or Kingdoms of Ancient India. The core of the kingdom was the area of Bihar south of the Ganges; its first capital was Rajagaha then Pataliputra ....
     - 650,000 km²
  70. Sikh Empire - 560,900 km² (under Maharajah Sher Singh
    Sher Singh

    Sher Singh, was a Sikh ruler of the Sovereignty country of Punjab region and the Sikh Empire. He was the son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Queen Rani Mehtab Kaur who was also the mother of Prince Tara Singh....
     before First Anglo-Sikh War
    First Anglo-Sikh War

    The First Anglo-Sikh War was fought between the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company between 1845 and 1846. It resulted in partial subjugation of the Sikh kingdom....
     in 1845)
  71. Hittite Empire - 510,000 km²
  72. Neo-Babylonian Empire
    Neo-Babylonian Empire

    The term Neo-Babylonian or Chaldean refers to Babylonia under the rule of the 11th dynasty, from the revolt of Nabopolassar in 626 BC until the invasion of Cyrus the Great in 539 BC, notably including the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II....
     - 500,000 km²
  73. Armenian Empire
    Kingdom of Armenia

    The Kingdom of Armenia was an independent kingdom from 190 BC to AD 387 and a client state of the Roman and Persian empires until 428, stretching from the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean Sea seas....
     - 400,000 km²
  74. Vijayanagara Empire
    Vijayanagara Empire

    The Vijayanagara Empire was a South Indian empire based in the Deccan Plateau. Established in 1336 by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I, it lasted until 1646 although its power declined after a major military defeat in 1565 by the Deccan sultanates....
     - 360,000 km²
  75. Korean Empire
    Korean Empire

    The Greater Korean Empire was a former empire of Korea that succeded the Joseon Dynasty that ruled the nation over the past 500 years.In 1897, Emperor Gojong of Korea proclaimed the new entity at Deoksugung Palace and oversaw the partially successful modernization of the military, economy, real property laws, education system, and various...
     - 220,186 km²
  76. Serbian Empire
    Serbian Empire

    The Serbian Empire was a medieval empire in the Balkans that emerged from the medieval Serbian kingdom in the 14th century. The Serbian Empire existed from 1346 to 1371....
     - 200,000 km²


Contiguous empires


  1. Mongol Empire
    Mongol Empire

    The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires#Contiguous Empires empire and the largest bar none. It emerged from the unification of Mongols and Turkic peoples tribes in modern day Mongolia, and grew through Mongol invasions, after Genghis Khan had been proclaimed ruler of all Mongols in 1206....
     - 33.2 million km² (under Khublai Khan in 1268)
  2. Russian Empire
    Russian Empire

    File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
     - 24.6 million km² (under Alexander II
    Alexander II

    Alexander II may refer to:* Alexander II of Russia , Tsar of Russia* Alexander II of Macedon, King of Macedon from 370 to 368 B.C.* Alexander II of Epirus, King of Epirus in 272 B.C....
     in 1866, includes Alaska across the Bering Strait)
  3. Qing Empire
    Qing Dynasty

    The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
     - 13 million km² (under Emperor Qianlong
    Qianlong Emperor

    The Qianlong Emperor was the fifth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty, and the fourth Qing dynasty emperors to rule over China. The fourth son of the Yongzheng Emperor, he reigned officially from October 11, 1736 to February 7, 1795....
    )
  4. Achaemenid Empire
    Achaemenid Empire

    The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire was amongst the first Persian Empires that ruled over significant portions of Greater Iran, and followed the Ancient Iranian peoples Median Empire....
     - 10.7 million km² (under Darius the Great)
  5. Umayyad Caliphate - 10.2 million km² (Includes Al-Andulus across Strait of Gibraltar)
  6. Abbasid Caliphate- 10 million km²
  7. Rashidun Caliphate - 9 million km² (under Caliph Uthman
    Uthman

    ?Uthman ibn ?Affan was one of the sahaba . An early convert to Islam, he played a major role in early Muslim history, most notably as the third Caliph of the Rashidun Empire and in the compilation of the Qur'an....
     in 654
    654

    Events...
    )
  8. Brazilian Empire
    Brazilian Empire

    The Empire of Brazil was a political entity that comprised present-day Brazil under the rule of Emperors Pedro I of Brazil and his son Pedro II of Brazil....
     - 8.1 million km²
  9. Sassanid Empire
    Sassanid Empire

    The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty is the name of the last pre-Islamic Iranian empire. It was one of the two main powers in Western Asia for a period of more than 400 years....
     - 7.4 million km² (under Khosrau II
    Khosrau II

    Khosrau II or Khosrow II was the twenty-second Sassanid Empire King of Persia from 590 to 628. He was the son of Hormizd IV and grandson of Khosrau I ....
     in 626)
  10. Ming Empire
    Ming Dynasty

    The Ming Dynasty , or Empire of the Great Ming , was the ruling Dynasties in Chinese history of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty....
     - 6.5 million km²
  11. Han Empire
    Han Dynasty

    The Han Dynasty followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. The Han Dynasty was ruled by the family known as the Liu clan who had peasant origins....
     - 6.0 million km²
  12. Macedonian Empire
    Macedonia

    Macedonia may refer to:...
     - 5.9 million km² (under Alexander the Great
    Alexander the Great

    Alexander the Great , also known as Alexander III of Macedon was an ancient Greeks King of Macedon . He was one of the most successful military commanders of all time and is presumed undefeated in battle....
    )
  13. Maurya Empire
    Maurya Empire

    The Maurya Empire , ruled by the Mauryan dynasty, was geographically extensive, great power, and a political military empire in history of India....
     - 5.9 million km² (under Ashoka the Great
    Ashoka

    Ashoka was an Indian emperor, of the Maurya Empire who ruled from 273 BCE to 232 BCE. Often cited as one of India's as well as world's greatest emperors, Ashoka reigned over most of present-day India after a number of military conquests....
    )
  14. Roman Empire
    Roman Empire

    The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
     - 5.9 million km² (under Emperor Trajan)
  15. Ottoman Empire
    Ottoman Empire

    The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
     - 5.5 million km² (under Mehmed IV
    Mehmed IV

    Mehmed IV was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1648 to 1687. Taking the throne at age seven, his reign was significant as he changed the nature of the Sultan's position forever by giving up most of his executive power to his Grand Vizier....
     [including autonomous indirect ruled lands] in 1680)
  16. Tang Empire
    Tang Dynasty

    The Tang Dynasty was an Dynasties in Chinese history preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire....
     - 5.4 million km²
  17. Mughal Empire
    Mughal Empire

    The Mughal Empire was a Muslim imperial power of the Indian subcontinent which began in 1526, ruled most of the Indian Subcontinent by the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and ended in the mid-19th century....
     - 5 million km² (under Aurangzeb
    Aurangzeb

    Aurangzeb Aurangzeb ruled India for 48 years, bringing a larger area under Mughal rule than ever before . He is generally regarded as the last Great Mughal ruler....
     in 1690)
  18. Pala Empire
    Pala Empire

    The Pala Empire was a dynasty in control of the northern and eastern Indian subcontinent, mainly the Bihar and Bengal regions, from the 8th to the 12th century....
     - 4.6 million km² (under Devapala
    Devapala

    Devapala was a powerful king of Pala Empire of Magadha. He was the third king in the line and had succeeded his father, king Dharmapala of Bengal ....
    )
  19. Byzantine Empire
    Byzantine Empire

    Byzantine Empire and Eastern Roman Empire are conventional names used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople....
    /Eastern Roman Empire - 4.5 million km²
  20. Gupta Empire
    Gupta Empire

    The Gupta Empire was ruled by members of the Gupta dynasty from around 280 to 550 CE and covered most of Northern India, Southern and Eastern Pakistan, parts of Gujarat and Rajasthan and what is now western India and Bangladesh....
     - 4.5 million km² (under Chandragupta II
    Chandragupta II

    Chandragupta II was one of the most powerful emperors of the Gupta empire. His rule spanned 375-413/15 CE, during which the Gupta Empire achieved its zenith....
     in 400)
  21. Mexican Empire
    First Mexican Empire

    The Mexican Empire was the official name of independent Mexico under a monarchical regime from 1822 to 1823. The territory of the Mexican Empire included the continental intendencies and provinces of Viceroyalty of New Spain proper and those of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala....
     - 4.4 million km²
  22. Parthian Empire
    Parthian Empire

    The Arsacid Empire , was a significant political and cultural power in the ancient Near East, and a counterweight to the Roman Empire in the region....
     - 4 million km² (Under Mithridates the Great 123–88 BCE)
  23. Afsharid Persian Empire - 4 million km² (under Nadir Shah)
  24. Hunnic Empire
    Hunnic Empire

    Hunnic Empire, the empire of the Huns.The Huns were a confederation of Eurasian tribes, probably especially Turkic ones, from the Steppes of Central Asia....
     - 4 million km² (under Attila the Hun
    Attila the Hun

    Attila , also known as Attila the Hun, was leader of the Huns from 434 until his death in 453. He was leader of the Hunnic Empire which stretched from Germany to the Ural River and from the Danube to the Baltic Sea ....
     in 441)
  25. Great Seljuq Empire
    Great Seljuq Empire

    The Great Seljuq Empire was a medieval Sunni Islam Turkish people Persianate empire established by the Qynyq branch of Oghuz Turks that once controlled a vast area stretching from the Hindu Kush to eastern Anatolia and from Central Asia to the Persian Gulf....
     - 3.9 million km²
  26. Seleucid Empire
    Seleucid Empire

    The Seleucid Empire /s?'lus?d/ was a Hellenistic empire, i.e. a successor state of Alexander the Great's empire. The Seleucid Empire was centered in the near East and at the height of its power included central Anatolia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Persia, today's Turkmenistan, Pamir Mountains and parts of Pakistan....
     - 3.9 million km²
  27. Nazi Empire
    Nazi Germany

    Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
     - 3.6 million km² (during World War II
    World War II

    World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
    )
  28. Safavid Empire
    Safavid dynasty

    The Safavids were an Iranian Shia dynasty of mixed Azerbaijani people and Kurdistan origins which ruled Persia from 1501/1502 to 1722. Safavids established the greatest Iranian empire since the Islamic conquest of Persia and established the Twelvers of Imamah as the official religion of their empire, marking one of the most important turni...
     - 3.5 million km²
  29. Ghaznavid Empire
    Ghaznavid Empire

    The Ghaznavids were an Islamic and Persianate dynasty of Turkic peoples mamluk origin which existed from 975 to 1187 and ruled much of Persia, Transoxania, and the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent....
     - 3.4 million km²
  30. Delhi Sultanate
    Delhi Sultanate

    The Delhi Sultanate refers to the many Muslim countries that ruled in Hindustan from 1206 to 1526. Several Turkic peoples and Pashtun people dynasties ruled from Delhi: the Mamluk Sultanate , the Khilji dynasty , the Tughlaq dynasty , the Sayyid dynasty , and the Lodhi dynasty ....
     - 3.2 million km²
  31. Khazar Empire
    Khazars

    The Khazars were a semi-nomadic Turkic people who dominated the Pontic steppe and the North Caucasus from the 7th to the 10th century CE. The name 'Khazar' seems to be tied to a Turkic languages verb form meaning "wandering"....
     - 3 million km²
  32. Qajar Empire
    Qajar dynasty

    The Qajar dynasty is a common term to describe Iran under the ruling Qajar royal family that ruled Iran from 1794 to 1925. In 1794 the Qajar family took full control of Iran as they had eliminated all their rivals, including Lotf 'Ali Khan, the last of the Zand dynasty, and had reasserted Persian sovereignty over the former Iranian terr...
    - 2.9 million km²
  33. Tahuantinsuyu
    Inca Empire

    The Inca Empire was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in Cuzco in modern-day Peru....
     - 2 million km² (Under Atahualpa
    Atahualpa

    Atahualpa, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa, or Atawallpa , was the last sovereign emperor of the Tahuantinsuyu, or the Inca Empire. He became emperor upon defeating his older half-brother Hu?scar in a civil war sparked by the death of their father, Inca Huayna Capac, from an infectious disease thought to be smallpox....
     in 1532)
  34. Neo-Assyrian Empire
    Neo-Assyrian Empire

    The Neo-Assyrian Empire was a period of Mesopotamian history which began in 934 BC and ended in 609 BC. During this period, Assyria assumed a position as a great regional power, vying with Babylonia and other lesser powers for dominance of the region, though not until the reforms of Tiglath-Pileser III in the 8th century BC, did it become a p...
     - 1.4 million km²
  35. Songhai Empire
    Songhai Empire

    The Songhai Empire, also known as the Songhay Empire, was a pre-colonial African state of west Africa. From the early 15th to the late 16th century, Songhai was one of the largest African empires in history....
     - 1.4 million km² (in 1500)
  36. Aksumite Empire - 1.25 million km²
  37. Frankish Empire
    Frankish Empire

    Francia or Frankia, later also called the Frankish Empire , Frankish Kingdom , Frankish Realm or occasionally Frankland, was the territory inhabited and ruled by the Franks from the 3rd to the 10th century....
     - 1.2 million km²
  38. Thai Empire - 1.12 million km² (under Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke
    Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke

    Posthumously; Poraminthara Mahachakri Boromanat, Phra Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke the Great , conventionally as Rama I. He was the founder and the first Monarchy of Thailand of the current-ruling Chakri dynasty of Siam in 1782, after subjugating a rebellion against King Taksin of Thonburi....
     in 1782)
  39. Holy Roman Empire
    Holy Roman Empire

    The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
     - 1.1 million km² (under Frederick II
    Frederick II

    Frederick II may refer to:* Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor * Frederick II of Austria * Frederick III of Sicily , also called Frederick II* Frederick II, Elector of Saxony ...
     in 1250)
  40. Mali Empire
    Mali Empire

    The Mali Empire or Manding Empire or Manden Kurufa was a West African civilization of the Mandinka people from c. 1230 to c. 1600. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Mansa Mansa Musa....
     - 1.1 million km²
  41. Harsha Empire
    Harsha

    Harsha or Harshavardhana or "Harsha vardhan" was an Indian Rajput emperor who ruledNorthern India for fifty seven years. He was the son of Prabhakar Vardhan and younger brother of Rajyavardhan, a king of Thanesar....
     - 1 million km² (under Harsha Vardhana
    Harsha

    Harsha or Harshavardhana or "Harsha vardhan" was an Indian Rajput emperor who ruledNorthern India for fifty seven years. He was the son of Prabhakar Vardhan and younger brother of Rajyavardhan, a king of Thanesar....
     in 648)
  42. Egyptian Empire
    New Kingdom

    The New Kingdom, sometimes referred to as the Egyptian Empire, is the period in ancient Egyptian History of Ancient Egypt between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC, covering the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt, Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt, and Twentieth dynasty of Egypt....
     - 1 million km²
  43. Almoravid Empire
    Almoravids

    The Almoravids were a Berbers dynasty from the Sahara that spread over a wide area of North Africa and the Iberian peninsula during the 11th century....
     - 1 million km²
  44. Khmer Empire
    Khmer Empire

    The Khmer Empire was the largest empire of South East Asia based in what is now Cambodia. The empire, which seceded from the kingdom of Chenla, at times ruled over and/or vassalised parts of modern-day Laos, Thailand,Vietnam, Myanmar, and Malaysia....
     - 1 million km²


Maritime empires


  1. British Empire
    British Empire

    The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, and other Dependent territory ruled or administered by the United Kingdom , that had originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries....
     - 36.6 million km² (under King Emperor George V
    George V of the United Kingdom

    George V was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha....
     in 1922)
  2. Spanish Empire
    Spanish Empire

    The Spanish Empire was one of the largest empires in world history, and one of the first global empires. It included territories and colonies ruled by Spain in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania between the 15th and late 19th centuries....
     - 20 million km² (under King Charles III
    Charles III of Spain

    Charles III was list of Spanish monarchs 1759?88 , King of Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily 1735?59 , and Duchy of Parma 1732?35 . He was a proponent of enlightened absolutism....
    )
  3. French Empire
    French colonial empires

    The French colonial empire was the set of territories outside Europe that were under French rule from the 1600s to the late 1960s. In terms of land area, the Empire reached its height of 12,347,000 km? after World War One....
     - 12.5 million km²
  4. Achaemenid Empire
    Achaemenid Empire

    The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire was amongst the first Persian Empires that ruled over significant portions of Greater Iran, and followed the Ancient Iranian peoples Median Empire....
     - 10.7 million km² (under Emperor Darius the Great)
  5. Portuguese Empire
    Portuguese Empire

    The Portuguese Empire was the first global empire in history and also the earliest and longest lived of the modern European Colonialism empires, spanning almost six centuries, from the capture of Ceuta in 1415 to the handover of Macau in 1999....
     - 10.4 million km²
  6. United States
    Overseas expansion of the United States

    United States overseas expansion follows the expansion of U.S. frontiers on the North American continent , in particular during the "Age of Imperialism", the later part of the nineteenth century and ending with WWI, when all the major powers rapidly expanded their overseas territories....
     - 10 million km² (1898-1902 and 1906-1908)
  7. Japanese Empire
    Empire of Japan

    The Empire of Japan was a Japanese political entity that existed during the period from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until its defeat in World War II in 1945....
     - 7.4 million km² (during World War II
    World War II

    World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
    )
  8. Roman Empire
    Roman Empire

    The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
     - 5.9 million km² (under Emperor Trajan
    Trajan

    Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan , was a Roman Emperors who reigned from 98 until his death in 117. Born Marcus Ulpius Traianus into a nonpatrician family in the Hispania Baetica province , Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian, serving as a general in the Roman army along the Limes G...
    ) - 27BC to 476CE
  9. Italian Empire - 3.8 million km² (during World War II
    World War II

    World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
    )
  10. Nazi Empire
    Nazi Germany

    Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
     - 3.6 million km² (during World War II
    World War II

    World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
    )
  11. Belgian Empire
    Belgian colonial empire

    The Belgian colonial empire consisted of three colonialism possessed by Belgium between 1901 to 1962. This empire was unlike those of the major European imperial powers since roughly 98% of it was just one colony ? the Belgian Congo ? and that had originated as the private property of the country's king, L?opold II of Belgium, rather than b...
     - 2.5 million km²
  12. Srivijaya Empire
    Srivijaya

    Srivijaya or Sriwijaya was an ancient Malays kingdom on the island of Sumatra, Southeast Asia which influenced much of the Malay Archipelago. The earliest solid proof of its existence dates from the 7th century; a Chinese monk, I-Tsing, wrote that he visited Srivijaya in 671 for 6 months....
     - 1.2 million km²


Largest empires by population

Population estimates are unknown for many other ancient empires not listed here.

Population size


  1. British Empire
    British Empire

    The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, and other Dependent territory ruled or administered by the United Kingdom , that had originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries....
     - 531.3 million (in 1938)
  2. Soviet Union
    Soviet Union

    The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
     - 286.717 million (in 1989)
  3. Mongol Empire
    Mongol Empire

    The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires#Contiguous Empires empire and the largest bar none. It emerged from the unification of Mongols and Turkic peoples tribes in modern day Mongolia, and grew through Mongol invasions, after Genghis Khan had been proclaimed ruler of all Mongols in 1206....
     - 110 million (in the 13th century)
  4. Dutch Empire
    Dutch Empire

    The Dutch Empire consisted of the overseas territories controlled by the Netherlands from the 17th to the 20th century. The Dutch followed Portuguese Empire and Spanish Empire in establishing an overseas colonial empire, aided by their skills in shipping and trade and the surge of nationalism accompanying the struggle for independence from S...
     had 80 million people living within its boundaries in 1940.
  5. Achaemenid Empire
    Achaemenid Empire

    The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire was amongst the first Persian Empires that ruled over significant portions of Greater Iran, and followed the Ancient Iranian peoples Median Empire....
     - 70-80 million (in the 4th century BC)
  6. Sassanid Empire
    Sassanid Empire

    The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty is the name of the last pre-Islamic Iranian empire. It was one of the two main powers in Western Asia for a period of more than 400 years....
     - 78 million (in the 7th century AD)
  7. Nazi Empire
    Nazi Germany

    Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
     - 75.4 million (in 1938)
  8. Roman Empire
    Roman Empire

    The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
     - 70 million (in 1st century AD)
  9. Spanish Empire
    Spanish Empire

    The Spanish Empire was one of the largest empires in world history, and one of the first global empires. It included territories and colonies ruled by Spain in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania between the 15th and late 19th centuries....
     - 64.2 million
  10. Umayyad Caliphate - 62 million (in the 7th century)
  11. Belgian Empire
    Belgian colonial empire

    The Belgian colonial empire consisted of three colonialism possessed by Belgium between 1901 to 1962. This empire was unlike those of the major European imperial powers since roughly 98% of it was just one colony ? the Belgian Congo ? and that had originated as the private property of the country's king, L?opold II of Belgium, rather than b...
     - 35.3 million (before Congolese independence, 1960)
  12. Eastern Roman Empire - 34 million (5th-6th centuries)
  13. Korean Empire
    Korean Empire

    The Greater Korean Empire was a former empire of Korea that succeded the Joseon Dynasty that ruled the nation over the past 500 years.In 1897, Emperor Gojong of Korea proclaimed the new entity at Deoksugung Palace and oversaw the partially successful modernization of the military, economy, real property laws, education system, and various...
     - 27.0 million (in 1907)
  14. Vijayanagara Empire
    Vijayanagara Empire

    The Vijayanagara Empire was a South Indian empire based in the Deccan Plateau. Established in 1336 by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I, it lasted until 1646 although its power declined after a major military defeat in 1565 by the Deccan sultanates....
     - 25 million (in the 16th century)
  15. Portuguese Empire
    Portuguese Empire

    The Portuguese Empire was the first global empire in history and also the earliest and longest lived of the modern European Colonialism empires, spanning almost six centuries, from the capture of Ceuta in 1415 to the handover of Macau in 1999....
     - 24.3 million (in 1973)


for comparison the worlds two largest nations People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the List of countries by population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately a fifth of the world's population....
 - 1.33 billion (in 2008) and Republic of India - 1.147 billion (in 2008)

Percentage of world population


  1. Achaemenid Empire
    Achaemenid Empire

    The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire was amongst the first Persian Empires that ruled over significant portions of Greater Iran, and followed the Ancient Iranian peoples Median Empire....
     - 46.0% (70-80 million out of 152 million in the 4th century BC)
  2. Sassanid Empire
    Sassanid Empire

    The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty is the name of the last pre-Islamic Iranian empire. It was one of the two main powers in Western Asia for a period of more than 400 years....
     - 38.0% (78 million out of 210 million in the 7th century AD)
  3. Qing Empire
    Qing Dynasty

    The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
     - 36.6% (381 million out of 1.041 billion in 1820)
name=Maddison/>
  1. Maurya Empire
    Maurya Empire

    The Maurya Empire , ruled by the Mauryan dynasty, was geographically extensive, great power, and a political military empire in history of India....
     - 33.3% (50 million out of 150 million in the 2nd century BC)accessdate=2007-01-02}}
  2. Roman Empire
    Roman Empire

    The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
     - 31.0% (70 million out of 226 million in the 1st century AD)
  3. Umayyad Caliphate - 29.5% (62 million out of 210 million in the 7th century AD)
  4. Mughal Empire
    Mughal Empire

    The Mughal Empire was a Muslim imperial power of the Indian subcontinent which began in 1526, ruled most of the Indian Subcontinent by the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and ended in the mid-19th century....
     - 29.2% (175 million out of 600 million in 1700)
  5. Ming Empire
    Ming Dynasty

    The Ming Dynasty , or Empire of the Great Ming , was the ruling Dynasties in Chinese history of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty....
     - 28.8% (160 million out of 556.2 million in 1600)
  6. Han Empire
    Han Dynasty

    The Han Dynasty followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. The Han Dynasty was ruled by the family known as the Liu clan who had peasant origins....
     - 26.5% (59.6 million out of 226 million in 2 AD)
  7. Mongol Empire
    Mongol Empire

    The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires#Contiguous Empires empire and the largest bar none. It emerged from the unification of Mongols and Turkic peoples tribes in modern day Mongolia, and grew through Mongol invasions, after Genghis Khan had been proclaimed ruler of all Mongols in 1206....
     - 25.6% (110 million out of 429 million in the 13th century)
  8. British Empire
    British Empire

    The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, and other Dependent territory ruled or administered by the United Kingdom , that had originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries....
     - 23.15% (531.3 million out of 2.295 billion in 1938)
  9. Song Empire
    Song Dynasty

    The Song Dynasty was a ruling Chinese dynasty in China between 960–1279 AD; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty....
     - 22% (59 million out of 268 million in 1000)
  10. Rashidun Caliphate - 19.19% (40.3 million out of 210 million in 7th century)
  11. Spanish Empire
    Spanish Empire

    The Spanish Empire was one of the largest empires in world history, and one of the first global empires. It included territories and colonies ruled by Spain in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania between the 15th and late 19th centuries....
     - 12.3% (68.2 million out of 556 million in the 17th century)
  12. Russian Empire
    Russian Empire

    File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
     - 9.8% (176.4 million out of 1.791 billion in 1913)
  13. Ottoman Empire
    Ottoman Empire

    The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
     - 7.1% (39 million out of 556 million in the 17th century)
  14. Japanese Empire
    Empire of Japan

    The Empire of Japan was a Japanese political entity that existed during the period from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until its defeat in World War II in 1945....
     - 5.9% (134.8 million out of 2.295 billion in 1938)
  15. Vijayanagara Empire
    Vijayanagara Empire

    The Vijayanagara Empire was a South Indian empire based in the Deccan Plateau. Established in 1336 by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I, it lasted until 1646 although its power declined after a major military defeat in 1565 by the Deccan sultanates....
     - 5.7% (25 million out of 438 million in the 16th century)
  16. Soviet Union
    Soviet Union

    The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
     - 5.5% (286.717 million out of 5.175 billion in 1989)
  17. French Empire
    French colonial empires

    The French colonial empire was the set of territories outside Europe that were under French rule from the 1600s to the late 1960s. In terms of land area, the Empire reached its height of 12,347,000 km? after World War One....
     - 4.9% (112.9 million out of 2.295 billion in 1938)
  18. Dutch Empire
    Dutch Empire

    The Dutch Empire consisted of the overseas territories controlled by the Netherlands from the 17th to the 20th century. The Dutch followed Portuguese Empire and Spanish Empire in establishing an overseas colonial empire, aided by their skills in shipping and trade and the surge of nationalism accompanying the struggle for independence from S...
     - 3.5% (60 million out of 1.700 billion in 1907)
  19. Nazi Empire
    Nazi Germany

    Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
     - 3.3% (75.4 million out of 2.295 billion in 1938)
  20. Austro-Hungarian Empire
    Austria-Hungary

    Austria-Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Kaiserlich und k?niglich Monarchy was a state in Central Europe ruled by the House of Habsburg, constitutionally a personal union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary....
     - 2.8% (50.6 million out of 1.791 billion in 1913)
  21. Italian Empire - 2.3% (51.9 million out of 2.295 billion in 1938)
  22. Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
    Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

    The Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth was one of the largest and most populous countries in 16th and 17th-century Europe, formed by a Union of Lublin of Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1569....
     - 1.9% (10.5 million out of 556 million in the 17th century)
  23. Korean Empire
    Korean Empire

    The Greater Korean Empire was a former empire of Korea that succeded the Joseon Dynasty that ruled the nation over the past 500 years.In 1897, Emperor Gojong of Korea proclaimed the new entity at Deoksugung Palace and oversaw the partially successful modernization of the military, economy, real property laws, education system, and various...
     - 1.0% (17 million out of 1,700 billion in 1907)
  24. Portuguese Empire
    Portuguese Empire

    The Portuguese Empire was the first global empire in history and also the earliest and longest lived of the modern European Colonialism empires, spanning almost six centuries, from the capture of Ceuta in 1415 to the handover of Macau in 1999....
     - 0.8% (14.7 million out of 1.791 billion in 1913)


Largest empires by economy


GDP
Gross domestic product

File:GDP nominal per capita world map IMF 2008.pngThe gross domestic product or gross domestic income is one of the measures of national income and output for a given country's economy....
 estimates in the following list are only given for empires in modern times, from the eighteenth to twentieth centuries. All dollar amounts are in 1990 USD
United States dollar

The United States dollar is the unit of currency of the United States and was defined by the Coinage Act of 1792 to be between 371 and 416 grains of silver ....
.

GDP size


  1. United States
    Overseas expansion of the United States

    United States overseas expansion follows the expansion of U.S. frontiers on the North American continent , in particular during the "Age of Imperialism", the later part of the nineteenth century and ending with WWI, when all the major powers rapidly expanded their overseas territories....
     - $1,644.8 billion (in 1945)
  2. British Empire
    British Empire

    The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, and other Dependent territory ruled or administered by the United Kingdom , that had originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries....
     - $683.3 billion (in 1938)
  3. Nazi Empire
    Nazi Germany

    Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
     - $375.6 billion (in 1938)
  4. Japanese Empire
    Empire of Japan

    The Empire of Japan was a Japanese political entity that existed during the period from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until its defeat in World War II in 1945....
     - $260.7 billion (in 1938)
  5. Russian Empire
    Russian Empire

    File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
     - $257.7 billion (in 1913)
  6. Qing Empire
    Qing Dynasty

    The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
     - $241.3 billion (GDP decline to 1912, immediately before its downfall)
  7. French Empire
    French colonial empires

    The French colonial empire was the set of territories outside Europe that were under French rule from the 1600s to the late 1960s. In terms of land area, the Empire reached its height of 12,347,000 km? after World War One....
     - $234.1 billion (in 1938)
  8. Italian Empire - $143.4 billion (in 1938)
  9. Afsharid Persian Empire - $129.85 billion (in 1750)
  10. Austro-Hungarian Empire
    Austria-Hungary

    Austria-Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Kaiserlich und k?niglich Monarchy was a state in Central Europe ruled by the House of Habsburg, constitutionally a personal union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary....
     - $100.5 billion (in 1913)
  11. Mughal Empire
    Mughal Empire

    The Mughal Empire was a Muslim imperial power of the Indian subcontinent which began in 1526, ruled most of the Indian Subcontinent by the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and ended in the mid-19th century....
     - $90.8 billion (GDP decline in 1700)
  12. Ottoman Empire
    Ottoman Empire

    The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
     - $26.4 billion (in 1913)
  13. Portuguese Empire
    Portuguese Empire

    The Portuguese Empire was the first global empire in history and also the earliest and longest lived of the modern European Colonialism empires, spanning almost six centuries, from the capture of Ceuta in 1415 to the handover of Macau in 1999....
     - $12.6 billion (in 1913)


Percentage of world GDP


  1. United States
    Overseas expansion of the United States

    United States overseas expansion follows the expansion of U.S. frontiers on the North American continent , in particular during the "Age of Imperialism", the later part of the nineteenth century and ending with WWI, when all the major powers rapidly expanded their overseas territories....
     - 35% ($1,644.8 billion out of $4,699 billion in 1945)
  2. Afsharid Persian Empire - 35% ($129.85 billion out of $694.4 billion)
  3. Qing Empire
    Qing Dynasty

    The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
     - 32.9% ($228.6 billion out of $694.4 billion in 1820)
  4. Mughal Empire
    Mughal Empire

    The Mughal Empire was a Muslim imperial power of the Indian subcontinent which began in 1526, ruled most of the Indian Subcontinent by the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and ended in the mid-19th century....
     - 24.5% ($90.8 billion out of $371 billion in 1700)
  5. British Empire
    British Empire

    The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, and other Dependent territory ruled or administered by the United Kingdom , that had originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries....
     - 23.8% ($265 billion out of $1,111 billion in 1870)
  6. Russian Empire
    Russian Empire

    File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
     - 9.4% ($257.7 billion out of $2,733 billion in 1913)
  7. Nazi Empire
    Nazi Germany

    Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
     - 8.3% ($375.6 billion out of $4,502 billion in 1938)
  8. Japanese Empire
    Empire of Japan

    The Empire of Japan was a Japanese political entity that existed during the period from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until its defeat in World War II in 1945....
     - 5.8% ($260.7 billion out of $4,502 billion in 1938)
  9. French Empire
    French colonial empires

    The French colonial empire was the set of territories outside Europe that were under French rule from the 1600s to the late 1960s. In terms of land area, the Empire reached its height of 12,347,000 km? after World War One....
     - 5.2% ($234.1 billion out of $4,502 billion in 1938)
  10. Austro-Hungarian Empire
    Austria-Hungary

    Austria-Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Kaiserlich und k?niglich Monarchy was a state in Central Europe ruled by the House of Habsburg, constitutionally a personal union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary....
     - 3.7% ($100.5 billion out of $2,733 billion in 1913)
  11. Italian Empire - 3.2% ($143.4 billion out of $4,502 billion in 1938)
  12. Ottoman Empire
    Ottoman Empire

    The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
     - 1% ($26.4 billion out of $2,733 billion in 1913)
  13. Portuguese Empire
    Portuguese Empire

    The Portuguese Empire was the first global empire in history and also the earliest and longest lived of the modern European Colonialism empires, spanning almost six centuries, from the capture of Ceuta in 1415 to the handover of Macau in 1999....
     - 0.5% ($12.6 billion out of $2,733 billion in 1913)


See also

  • Empire
    Empire

    Empire derives from the Latin word imperium, denoting ?military command? in Roman. Politically, an empire is a geographically extensive group of states and peoples united and ruled either by a monarch or an oligarchy....
  • Global empire
    Global empire

    A global empire involves the extension of a state sovereignty over territories all around the world. For example, because of the Spanish Empire's territories around the globe, it was often said in the 16th century that "The empire on which the sun never sets." This phrase could have been applied before with the Portuguese Empire but it was...
  • List of empires
    List of empires

    This is an alphabetical list of empires that stretched far beyond their geographical and cultural limits to govern other parts of the world. The list includes empires that may only have had cultural and economic influences....
  • List of countries by area
  • List of countries by GDP
    List of countries by GDP

    List of countries by GDP may refer to:* List of countries by GDP , a list using the current exchange rates for national currencies* List of countries by GDP growth...
  • List of regions by past GDP (PPP)
  • List of countries by population
    List of countries by population

    This is a list of Country ordered according to population. The list includes list of sovereign states and inhabited dependent territories.Areas that form integral parts of sovereign states, such as the countries of the United Kingdom, are counted as part of the sovereign states concerned....
  • List of extinct states
    List of extinct states

    This page attempts to list the many extinct states, country, nations, empires or Territory that have ceased to exist as political entities, grouped geographically and by constitutional nature....
  • List of political and geographic subdivisions by total area
    List of political and geographic subdivisions by total area

    This is an index of a series of comprehensive lists of continents, Country, and Table of administrative country subdivisions by country such as states, provinces, and territories, as well as certain political and geographic features of substantial area....
  • Persian Empire
    Persian Empire

    The 'Persian Empire' was a series of successive Iranian or Persianization empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland, and beyond in Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia and the Caucasus....
  • European empires
    European empires

    European empire may refer to:*in a historical context, the Colonial empires of the Early Modern period*in current usage, a term for the Eurosphere emphasizing a prediction of growing influence of Europe in the 21st century...
  • African empires
    African empires

    There have been a number of Pre-colonial Africa African kingdoms of varying size and influence:*Iron Age empires of North Africa*Medieval Islamic empires in North Africa...
  • The World Economy: Historical Statistics
    The World Economy: Historical Statistics

    The World Economy: Historical Statistics is a book by Angus Maddison. Published in 2004 by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, it studies the growth of populations and economies across the centuries: not just the World Economy as it is now, but how it was in the past....


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    Cambridge University Press is a printer and publisher granted a Royal Letters Patent by Henry VIII of England in 1534. It is the world's oldest continually operating book publisher....
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    Angus Maddison

    Angus Maddison, Emeritus Professor at the Faculty of Economics at the University of Groningen.Born in 1926 in Newcastle-on-Tyne, England, Maddison attended the University of Cambridge as an undergraduate....
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    The World Economy: Historical Statistics

    The World Economy: Historical Statistics is a book by Angus Maddison. Published in 2004 by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, it studies the growth of populations and economies across the centuries: not just the World Economy as it is now, but how it was in the past....
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    Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

    The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is an international organization of 30 countries that accept the principles of representative democracy and free market economy....
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    Oxford University Press

    Oxford University Press is a publisher and a department of the University of Oxford in England. It is the largest university press in the world, being larger than all the American university presses combined with Cambridge University Press....
    .
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    Cambridge University Press is a printer and publisher granted a Royal Letters Patent by Henry VIII of England in 1534. It is the world's oldest continually operating book publisher....
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    Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private university research university located in Stanford, California, California, United States....
    .
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    Stanford University

    Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private university research university located in Stanford, California, California, United States....
    .
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    The Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London, England. As an academy, it functions to encourage British art, and has a membership of practising artists....
    .
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    GeoJournal

    GeoJournal is a peer-reviewed international academic journal on all aspects of geography founded in 1980. Twelve issues a year are published by Springer Netherlands and can be accessed via SpringerLink....
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External links