Electrical engineering, sometimes referred to as electrical and electronic engineering, is a field of engineering that deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism.... and electronic engineering
Electronic engineering
Electronic engineering is a discipline dealing with the behavior and effects of electrons and with electronic devices, systems, or equipment.The term now also covers a large part of electrical engineering degree courses as studied at most European universities.... topics and related terms.
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Electrical engineering, sometimes referred to as electrical and electronic engineering, is a field of engineering that deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism.... and electronic engineering
Electronic engineering
Electronic engineering is a discipline dealing with the behavior and effects of electrons and with electronic devices, systems, or equipment.The term now also covers a large part of electrical engineering degree courses as studied at most European universities.... topics and related terms.
Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field, a field which exerts a force on Elementary particles with the property of electric charge and which is reciprocally affected by the presence and motion of such particles....
Electricity is a general term that encompasses a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. These include many easily recognizable phenomena such as lightning and static electricity, but in addition, less familiar concepts such as the electromagnetic field and electromagnetic induction....
In physics, magnetism is one of the phenomena by which materials exert attractive or repulsive forces on other materials. Some well-known materials that exhibit easily detectable magnetic properties are nickel, iron, cobalt, and their alloys; however, all materials are influenced to greater or lesser degree by the presence of a magnetic fiel...
The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation frequencies. The "electromagnetic spectrum" of an object is the characteristic distribution of electromagnetic radiation from that particular object....
Electrostatics is the branch of science that deals with the phenomena arising from stationary or slowly moving electric charges.Since classical antiquity it was known that some materials such as amber attract light particles after Triboelectric effect....
Electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields....
Coulomb's law, sometimes called the Coulomb law, is an equation describing the electrostatic force between electric charges. It was developed in the 1780s by French physicist Charles Augustin de Coulomb and was essential to the development of the classical electromagnetism....
Magnetostatics is the study of static magnetic fields. In electrostatics, the charges are stationary, whereas here, the electric currents are stationary or dc....
Electric current is the flow of electric charge. The electric charge may be either electrons or ions.The International System of Units unit of electric current intensity is the ampere....
In classical electromagnetism, Amp?re's circuital law, discovered by Andr?-Marie Amp?re in 1826, relates the line integral magnetic field around a closed loop to the electric current passing through the loop....
A magnetism field is a vector field which can exert a magnetic force on moving electric charges and on magnetic dipoles . When placed in a magnetic field, magnetic dipoles tend to align their axes parallel to the magnetic field....
In physics, astronomy, chemistry, and electrical engineering, the term magnetic moment of a system usually refers to its magnetic dipole moment, and is a measure of the strength of the system's net Magnetism....
Electromotive force is a term used to characterize electrical devices, such as voltaic cells, Thermoelectric effects, electrical generators and transformers, and even resistors....
In electromagnetism, displacement current is a quantity that is defined in terms of the rate of change of electric displacement field. Displacement current has the units of electric current and it has an associated magnetic field....
In electromagnetism, James Clerk Maxwell equations are a set of four partial differential equations that describe the properties of the electric field and magnetic field fields and relate them to their sources, charge density and current density....
Electromagnetic radiation takes the form of wave propagation waves in a vacuum or in matter. EM radiation has an electric field and magnetic field component which oscillate in phase perpendicular to each other and to the direction of energy Wave propagation....
The electrical resistance of an object is a measure of its opposition to the passage of a steady electrical current. An object of uniform cross section will have a resistance proportional to its length and inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area, and proportional to the resistivity of the material....
In electromagnetism and electronics, capacitance is the ability of a body to hold an electrical charge.Capacitance is also a measure of the amount of electric charge stored for a given electric potential....
Inductance is the property in an electrical circuit where a change in the current flowing through that circuit induces an Electromotive force that opposes the change in current ....
Electrical impedance, or simply impedance, describes a measure of opposition to a sinusoidal alternating current . Electrical impedance extends the concept of Electrical resistance to AC circuits, describing not only the relative amplitudes of the voltage and Electric current, but also the relative Phase ....
A waveguide is a structure which guides waves, such as electromagnetic waves or sound waves. There are different types of waveguide for each type of wave....
A physical law or scientific law is a scientific generalization based on empiricism observations of physical behavior . Laws of nature are observable....
In classical electromagnetism, Amp?re's circuital law, discovered by Andr?-Marie Amp?re in 1826, relates the line integral magnetic field around a closed loop to the electric current passing through the loop....
Coulomb's law, sometimes called the Coulomb law, is an equation describing the electrostatic force between electric charges. It was developed in the 1780s by French physicist Charles Augustin de Coulomb and was essential to the development of the classical electromagnetism....
Faraday's law of induction describes a basic law of electromagnetism, which is involved in the working of transformers, inductors, and many forms of electrical generators.... /Farady-Lenz law
Kirchhoff's circuit laws are two Equality that deal with the Charge conservation and energy in electrical circuits, and were first described in 1845 by Gustav Kirchhoff....
Kirchhoff's circuit laws are two Equality that deal with the Charge conservation and energy in electrical circuits, and were first described in 1845 by Gustav Kirchhoff....
Kirchhoff's circuit laws are two Equality that deal with the Charge conservation and energy in electrical circuits, and were first described in 1845 by Gustav Kirchhoff....
In electromagnetism, James Clerk Maxwell equations are a set of four partial differential equations that describe the properties of the electric field and magnetic field fields and relate them to their sources, charge density and current density....
Faraday's law of induction describes a basic law of electromagnetism, which is involved in the working of transformers, inductors, and many forms of electrical generators....
In classical electromagnetism, Amp?re's circuital law, discovered by Andr?-Marie Amp?re in 1826, relates the line integral magnetic field around a closed loop to the electric current passing through the loop....
Ohm's law applies to electrical circuits; it states that the electric current through a conductor between two points is directly Proportionality to the potential difference or voltage across the two points, and inversely proportional to the Electrical resistance between them....
Control engineering is the engineering discipline that applies control theory to design systems with predictable behaviors. The engineering activities focus on the mathematical modeling of systems of a diverse nature....
Adaptive control involves modifying the control law used by a controller to cope with the fact that the parameters of the system being controlled are slowly time-varying or uncertain....
Control theory is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering and mathematics, that deals with the behavior of dynamical systems. The desired output of a system is called the reference....
Digital control is a branch of control theory that uses digital computers to act as system controllers.Depending on the requirements, a digital control system can take the form of a microcontroller to an Application-specific integrated circuit to a standard desktop computer....
Optimal control theory, an extension of the calculus of variations, is a mathematical optimization method for deriving control theory. The method is largely due to the work of Lev Pontryagin and his collaborators in the Soviet Union and Richard Bellman in the United States....
A proportional?integral?derivative controller is a generic control loop feedback mechanism widely used in industrial control systems. A PID controller attempts to correct the error between a measured process variable and a desired Setpoint by calculating and then outputting a corrective action that can adjust the process accordingly....
In control theory, a state observer is a system that models a real system in order to provide an estimate of its state space , given measurements of the input and output of the real system....
In the theory of dynamical systems, and control theory, a continuous linear system time-invariant system is marginally stable if and only if the real part of every eigenvalue in the system's transfer-function is non-positive, and all eigenvalues with zero real value are simple roots ....
In electrical engineering, specifically signal processing and control theory, BIBO stability is a form of Control theory#Stability for linear system Signal s and systems that take inputs....
In mathematics, the notion of Lyapunov stability occurs in the study of dynamical systems. In simple terms, if all solutions of the dynamical system that start out near an equilibrium point stay near forever, then is Lyapunov stable.... (i.e., asymptotic stability)
Controllability is an important property of a control system, and the controllability property plays a crucial role in many control problems, such as stabilization of BIBO stability by feedback, or optimal control....
Observability, in control theory, is a measure for how well internal states of a system can be inferred by knowledge of its external outputs. The observability and controllability of a system are mathematical duality ....
Positive feedback, sometimes referred to as "cumulative causation", is a feedback loop system in which the system responds to Perturbation of biological system in the same direction as the perturbation....
Electronics refers to the flow of charge through nonmetal electrical conductor , whereas electrical refers to the flow of charge through metal electrical conductor....
An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical elements such as resistors, inductors, capacitors, transmission lines, voltage sources, current sources, and switches.... /Circuit
Kirchhoff's circuit laws are two Equality that deal with the Charge conservation and energy in electrical circuits, and were first described in 1845 by Gustav Kirchhoff....
Kirchhoff's circuit laws are two Equality that deal with the Charge conservation and energy in electrical circuits, and were first described in 1845 by Gustav Kirchhoff....
Kirchhoff's circuit laws are two Equality that deal with the Charge conservation and energy in electrical circuits, and were first described in 1845 by Gustav Kirchhoff....
Ohm's law applies to electrical circuits; it states that the electric current through a conductor between two points is directly Proportionality to the potential difference or voltage across the two points, and inversely proportional to the Electrical resistance between them....
The concept of electrical elements is used in the circuit analysis of electrical networks. Any electrical network can be modeled by decomposing it down to multiple, interconnected electrical elements in a Schematic diagram#Electronic industry or circuit diagram.... /Discretes
An inductor is a Passive component Electronic component that can store energy in a magnetic field created by the electric current passing through it....
A Hall effect sensor is a transducer that varies its output voltage in response to changes in magnetic field. Hall sensors are used for proximity switching, positioning, speed detection, and current sensing applications....
A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit consisting of a relatively simple CPU combined with support functions such as a crystal oscillator, timers, watchdog, serial and analog I/O etc....
An operational amplifier, which is often called an op-amp, is a direct current-Direct coupling high-gain electronic voltage electronic amplifier with differential inputs and, usually, a single output....
A semiconductor is a material that has electrical conductivity between those of a Electrical conductor and an electrical insulation; it can vary over that wide range either permanently or dynamically.... s:
In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal device .Diodes have two active electrodes between which the signal of interest may flow, and most are used for their unidirectional electric current property....
A Zener diode is a type of diode that permits electric current in the forward direction like a normal diode, but also in the reverse direction if the voltage is larger than the breakdown voltage known as "Zener knee voltage" or "Zener voltage"....
A light-emitting diode , is an electronic light source. The LED was discovered in the early 20th century, and introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962....
A PiN diode is a diode with a wide, lightly doped 'near' intrinsic semiconductor region between a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor regions....
The Schottky diode is a semiconductor diode with a low forward voltage drop and a very fast switching action.The cat's-whisker detectors used in the early days of wireless#History can be considered as primitive Schottky diodes....
An avalanche diode is a diode that is designed to go through avalanche breakdown at a specified reverse bias voltage and conduct as a type of voltage reference....
A laser diode is a laser where the active medium is a semiconductor similar to that found in a light-emitting diode. The most common and practical type of laser diode is formed from a p-n junction and powered by injected electric current....
The DIAC, or diode for alternating current, is a bidirectional trigger diode that conducts Electrical current only after its breakdown voltage has been exceeded momentarily....
The thyristor is a Solid state semiconductor device with four layers of alternating N-type semiconductor and P-type semiconductor material. They act as bistable switches, conducting when their gate receives a current pulse, and continue to conduct for as long as they are forward biased ....
In electronics, a transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to Electronic amplifier or switch Electronics signals. A transistor is made of a solid piece of a semiconductor material, with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit....
The field-effect transistor is a type of transistor that relies on an electric field to control the shape and hence the electrical conductivity of a channel of one type of charge carrier in a semiconductor material.... (FET)
In electronics, the Darlington transistor is a compound structure consisting of two bipolar transistors connected in such a way that the current amplified by the first transistor is amplified further by the second one....
A TRIAC, or TRIode for Alternating Current is an Electronics component approximately equivalent to two silicon-controlled rectifiers joined in Antiparallel_ and with their gates connected together....
The metal?oxide?semiconductor field-effect transistor is a device used to amplify or switch electronic signals. The basic principle of the device was first proposed by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld in 1925....
Power engineering, also called power systems engineering, is a subfield of electrical engineering that deals with the electric power generation, electric power transmission and electric power distribution of electric power as well as the electrical devices connected to such systems including electric generators, electric motors and tr...
Electricity generation is the process of converting non-electrical energy to electricity. For electric utility, it is the first process in the delivery of electricity to consumers....
In electricity generation, an electrical generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy, generally using electromagnetic induction....
Hydropower, hydraulic power or water power is power that is derived from the force or energy of moving water, which may be harnessed for useful purposes....
Electric power transmission is the bulk transfer of electrical power , a process in the delivery of electricity to consumers. A power transmission grid typically connects power plants to multiple Electrical substation near a populated area....
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one electrical network to another through inductive coupling conductors — the transformer's coils or "windings"....
A transmission line is the material Transmission medium or structure that forms all or part of a Course from one place to another for directing the transmission of energy, such as electromagnetic waves or acoustic waves, as well as electric power transmission....
File:Electricity grid simple- North America.svg|thumb|380px|right|Simplified diagram of AC electricity distribution from generation stations to consumers...
In alternating current the movement of electric charge periodically reverses direction. An electric charge would for instance move forward, then backward, then forward, then backward, over and over again....
Direct current is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. Direct current is produced by such sources as battery , thermocouples, solar cells, and commutator-type electric machines of the dynamo type....
In electrical engineering, single-phase electric power refers to the distribution of alternating current electric power using a system in which all the voltages of the supply vary in unison....
Two-phase electrical power was an early 20th century polyphase system alternating current electric power distribution system. Two circuits were used, with voltage phase s differing by 90 degree s....
Ward Leonard Control, also known as the Ward Leonard Drive System, was a widely used DC motor speed control system introduced by Harry Ward Leonard in 1891....
An electric motor uses electrical energy to produce mechanical energy, nearly always by the interaction of magnetic fields and current-carrying conductors....
A hybrid electric vehicle is a hybrid vehicle which combines a conventional ground propulsion system with a rechargeable energy storage system to achieve better fuel economy in automobiles than a conventional vehicle....
File:Energizer reghargeble batteryIMG 0006.JPGA rechargeable battery, also known as a storage battery, is a group of two or more electrochemical cell....
Vehicle-to-grid describes a system in which power can be sold to the Grid by an electric-drive motor vehicle that is connected to the grid when it is not in use for transportation....
Signal processing is the analysis, interpretation, and manipulation of signal . Signals of interest include: audio signal processing, , time-varying measurement values and sensor data, for example biological data such as electrocardiograms, control system signals, telecommunication transmission signals such as radio signals, and many others....
Analog signal processing is any signal processing conducted on analog signals by analog means. "Analog" indicates something that is mathematically represented as a set of continuous values....
Digital signal processing is concerned with the representation of the signal s by a sequence of numbers or symbols and the processing of these signals.... : :Category:Digital signal processing
In digital signal processing, quantization is the process of approximating a continuous range of values by a relatively small set of discrete symbols or integer values....
An analog-to-digital converter is a device which converts continuous signal to Discrete signal digital numbers. The reverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analog converter .... , Digital-to-analog converter
Digital-to-analog converter
In electronics, a digital-to-analog converter is a device for converting a digital code to an analog signal .An analog-to-digital converter performs the reverse operation....
A continuous signal or a continuous-time signal is a varying quantity that is expressed as a function of a real-valued domain, usually time.... , Discrete signal
Discrete signal
A discrete signal or discrete-time signal is a time series, perhaps a signal that has been sampling from a continuous signal.Unlike a continuous-time signal, a discrete-time signal is not a function of a continuous-time argument, but is a sequence of quantities; that is, a function over a Domain of discrete integers....
In signal processing, downsampling is the process of Sample rate conversion of a signal . This is usually done to reduce the data signaling rate or the size of the data....
The Nyquist frequency, named after the Swedish-American engineer Harry Nyquist or the Nyquist?Shannon sampling theorem, is half the sampling frequency of a discrete signal processing system....
In signal processing, oversampling is the process of sampling a signal with a sampling frequency significantly higher than twice the Bandwidth or highest frequency of the signal being sampled....
In electronics, a sample and hold circuit is used to interface real-world signals, by changing analog signal signals to a subsequent system such as an analog-to-digital converter....
Upsampling is the process of Sample rate conversion of a signal . For instance, upsampling raster images such as photographs means increasing the resolution of the image....
Audio signal processing, sometimes referred to as audio processing, is the intentional alteration of sound Signal , or sound. As audio signals may be electronically represented in either digital or analog signal format, signal processing may occur in either domain....
Speech processing is the study of Speech communication Signal_ and the processing methods of these signals.The signals are usually processed in a digital representation whereby speech processing can be seen as the intersection of digital signal processing and natural language processing....
Equalization, equalisation or EQ is the process of using passive or active electronic elements or digital algorithms for the purpose of altering the frequency response characteristics of a system....
Digital image processing is the use of computer algorithms to perform on digital images. As a subfield of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing; it allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data, and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and si...
Euclidean geometry is a mathematical system attributed to the Greek mathematics Euclid of Alexandria. Euclid's Elements is the earliest known systematic discussion of geometry....
Computer vision is the science and technology of machines that see. As a scientific discipline, computer vision is concerned with the theory for building artificial systems that obtain information from images....
Edge detection is a terminology in and computer vision, particularly in the areas of feature detection and feature extraction, to refer to algorithms which aim at identifying points in a digital image at which the luminous intensity changes sharply or more formally has discontinuities....
In computer vision, segmentation refers to the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple . The goal of segmentation is to simplify and/or change the representation of an image into something that is more meaningful and easier to analyze....
In computer science and information theory, data compression or source coding is the process of encoding information using fewer bits than an code representation would use through use of specific encoding schemes....
Lossless data compression is a class of data compression algorithms that allows the exact original data to be reconstructed from the compressed data....
A lossy compression method is one where data compression and then decompressing it retrieves data that may well be different from the original, but is close enough to be useful in some way....
An audio filter is a type of Filter used for processing sound signal . Many types of filters exist for applications including equalizers, synthesizers, sound effects, Compact disc players and virtual reality systems....
In electronics, computer science and mathematics, a digital filter is a system that performs mathematical operations on a Sampling , discrete-time Signal to reduce or enhance certain aspects of that signal....
A finite impulse response filter is a type of a digital filter. The impulse response, the filter's response to a Kronecker delta input, is 'finite' because it settles to zero in a finite number of sampling intervals....
Infinite impulse response is a property of signal processing systems. Systems with that property are known as IIR systems or when dealing with electronic filter systems as IIR filters....
Electronic filters are electronic circuits which perform signal processing functions, specifically to remove unwanted frequency components from the signal and/or to enhance wanted ones....
An equalizationfilter is a filter , usually adjustable, chiefly meant to compensate for the unequal frequency response of some other signal processing circuit or system....
A band-pass filter is a device that passes frequency within a certain range and rejects frequencies outside that range. An example of an analog circuitue electronic band-pass electronic filter is an RLC circuit ....
In signal processing, a band-stop filter or band-rejection filter is a electronic filter that passes most frequency unaltered, but attenuates those in a specific range to very low levels....
The Butterworth filter is one type of electronic filter design. It is designed to have a frequency response which is as flat as mathematically possible in the passband....
Chebyshev filters are analog or digital electronic filter having a steeper roll-off and more passband ripple or stopband ripple than Butterworth filters....
A high-pass filter is a electronic filter that passes high frequency well, but attenuation frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency. The actual amount of attenuation for each frequency varies from filter to filter....
The Kalman filter is an efficient recursive filter that estimates the state of a Linear system from a series of noise measurements. It is used in a wide range of engineering applications from radar to computer vision, and is an important topic in control theory and control systems engineering....
The Sallen?Key topology is an electronic filter topology used to implement second-order active filters that is particularly valued for its simplicity.....
In signal processing, the Wiener filter is a filter proposed by Norbert Wiener during the 1940s and published in 1949. Its purpose is to reduce the amount of noise present in a signal by comparison with an estimation of the desired noiseless signal....
In mathematics and signal processing, the advanced Z-transform is an extension of the Z-transform, to incorporate ideal delays that are not multiples of the sampling rate....
The bilinear transform is used in digital signal processing and discrete-time control theory to transform continuous-time system representations to discrete-time and vice versa....
In mathematics, the Fourier transform is an operation that Transform one complex number-valued function of a real variable into another. The new function, often called the frequency domain representation of the original function, describes which frequencies are present in the original function....
A discrete cosine transform expresses a sequence of finitely many data points in terms of a sum of cosine functions oscillating at different frequency....
In mathematics, the discrete Fourier transform is one of the specific forms of Fourier analysis. It transforms one function into another, which is called the frequency domain representation, or simply the DFT, of the original function .... , Fast Fourier transform
Fast Fourier transform
A fast Fourier transform is an efficient algorithm to compute the discrete Fourier transform and its inverse. There are many distinct FFT algorithms involving a wide range of mathematics, from simple complex number to group theory and number theory; this article gives an overview of the available techniques and some of their general propert... (FFT)
In mathematics, the discrete sine transform is a List of Fourier-related transforms similar to the discrete Fourier transform , but using a purely real number matrix ....
In mathematics, Fourier analysis is a subject area which grew out of the study of Fourier series. The subject began with trying to understand when it was possible to represent general functions by sums of simpler trigonometric functions....
In mathematics and in signal processing, the Hilbert transform is a linear operator which takes a function, u, and produces a function, H, with the same domain....
In mathematics, the Laplace transform is one of the best known and most widely used integral transforms. It is commonly used to produce an easily solvable algebraic equation from an ordinary differential equation.... , Two-sided Laplace transform
Two-sided Laplace transform
In mathematics, the two-sided Laplace transform or bilateral Laplace transform is an integral transform closely related to the Fourier transform, the Mellin transform, and the ordinary or one-sided Laplace transform....
In mathematics and signal processing, the Z-transform converts a discrete_mathematics time-domain signal, which is a sequence of real number or complex numbers, into a complex frequency-domain representation....
An electric motor uses electrical energy to produce mechanical energy, nearly always by the interaction of magnetic fields and current-carrying conductors....
An oscilloscope is a type of electronic test instrument that allows signal voltages to be viewed, usually as a two-dimensional graph of one or more electrical potential differences plotted as a function of time or of some other voltage ....
Telecommunication is the assisted Transmission of Signal over a distance for the purpose of communication. In earlier times, this may have involved the use of smoke signals, Drum , Semaphore line, flag signals or heliograph....
The telephone is a telecommunications device that is used to transmitter and receive electronically or digitally encoded sound between two or more people conversing....
A mobile phone is a long-range, electronic device used for mobile voice or data communication over a network of specialized base stations known as cell sites....
CDMA2000 is a hybrid 2.5G / 3G technology of mobile telecommunications Standardizations that use CDMA, a multiple access scheme for digital radio, to send voice, data, and Signalling data between mobile phones and cell sites....
Wireless network refers to any type of computer network that is wireless, and is commonly associated with a telecommunications network whose interconnections between Node is implemented without the use of wires....
In telecommunications, modulation is the process of varying a Periodic function waveform, i.e. a tone, in order to use that signal to convey a message, in a similar fashion as a musician may modulate the tone from a musical instrument by varying its volume, timing and Pitch ....
Information theory is a branch of applied mathematics and electrical engineering involving the quantification of information. Historically, information theory was developed by Claude E....
Digital television is the sending and receiving of moving images and sound by Discrete signal signals, in contrast to the Analog television used by analog TV....
Digital Audio Broadcasting , also known as EUREKA, is a digital radio technology for broadcasting radio stations, used in several countries, particularly in the UK and Europe....
A satellite radio or subscription radio is a digital radio signal that is broadcast by a communications satellite, which covers a much wider geographical range than terrestrial radio signals....
In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an Physical body which has been placed into orbit by human endeavor. Such objects are sometimes called artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites such as the Moon....
List of electrical engineering topics (alphabetical)
This page aims to list, alphabetically, all articles related to the specific discipline of electrical and electronics engineering. For a thematic list, please see List of electrical engineering topics.... (alphabetical) -
