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List of current systems for electric rail traction
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This a list of the supply voltages used or have been used for tramway and railway electrification systems.
Note the voltages are nominal, and vary depending on load and distance from the substation.
Many modern trams and trains use on board solid state electronics to convert these supplies to run three-phase AC Voltage motors.
600 V DC overhead This voltage is used by older tram systems worldwide.
by most older US subways.
750 V DC overhead This voltage is used for most modern tram systems.
class="wikitable" style="width:100%"> | | Country | Name of System | Location | Notes |
|---|
| Argentina | PreMetro line E2 | Buenos Aires | | | Australia | Sydney Light Rail | Sydney | | | Austria | Local lines of Stern & Hafferl | | Also listed as having 1500 and 600 V lines | | Germany | Albtalbahn | Rhein-Haardtbahn | Railway of the Upper Rhine | | Tram-Train Cologne-Bonn | Frechen, Cologne, Brühl, Wesseling, Bornheim, Alfter, Bonn, St.

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Encyclopedia
This a list of the supply voltages used or have been used for tramway and railway electrification systems.
Note the voltages are nominal, and vary depending on load and distance from the substation.
Many modern trams and trains use on board solid state electronics to convert these supplies to run three-phase AC Voltage motors.
Key to the tables below
- Conductors:
- overhead line or
- conductor rail, usually a third rail to one side of the running rails
- Conductor rail can be:
- top contact: oldest, least safe, affected by ice, snow and leaves
- side contact: newer, safer, less affected by ice, snow and leaves
- bottom contact: newer, safer, least affected by ice, snow and leaves
Systems using standard voltages Voltages are defined by two standards: and
600 V DC overhead This voltage is used by older tram systems worldwide.
| Country | Name of System | Location | Notes |
|---|
| Australia | | Adelaide | | | Australia | | Melbourne | | | Canada | | Calgary | | | Canada | | Edmonton | | | Canada | | Toronto | | | Finland | | Helsinki | | | Estonia | | Tallinn | | | Germany | Stadtwerke Augsburg Verkehrsbetriebe | Augsburg | Tram | | Japan | Most tram lines | | | | Choshi Electric Railway | Choshi, Chiba | | | Eizan Electric Railway | Kyoto, Kyoto | | | Enoshima Electric Railway | Kanagawa | | | Iyotetsu Takahama Line | Matsuyama, Ehime | | | Shizuoka Railway | Shizuoka, Shizuoka | | | Tokyu Setagaya Line | Tokyo | | | Wakayama Electric Railroad | Wakayama | | | Netherlands | Amsterdam Tram | Amsterdam | Including line 51 south of Station Zuid | | Poland | EKD/WKD Warszawa plus Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Milanówek, Podkowa Lesna and Pruszków | Warszawa | | | Poland | Suburban trams in Lódz (Lodz) plus Konstantynów Lódzki, Lutomiersk, Ozorków, Pabianice and Zgierz | Lódz | Narrow gauge (1000 mm) | | | Slovakia | Trencianske Teplice | | Narrow gauge | | United States | | Boston, San Diego, San Francisco | | |
600 V DC conductor rail All third rail unless stated otherwise.
Used by most older US subways.
750 V DC overhead This voltage is used for most modern tram systems.
| Country | Name of System | Location | Notes |
|---|
| Argentina | PreMetro line E2 | Buenos Aires | | | Australia | Sydney Light Rail | Sydney | | | Austria | Local lines of Stern & Hafferl | | Also listed as having 1500 and 600 V lines | | Germany | Albtalbahn | Rhein-Haardtbahn | Railway of the Upper Rhine | | Tram-Train Cologne-Bonn | Frechen, Cologne, Brühl, Wesseling, Bornheim, Alfter, Bonn, St. Augustin, Siegburg, Königswinter, Bad Honnef | Both lines between Cologne and Bonn originally electrified at 1200 V, one was narrow gauge | | Greece | Athens Tram | Athens | | | Ireland | LUAS | Dublin | | | Japan | Enshu Railway | Hamamatsu, Shizuoka | | | Hakone Tozan Railway Line | Hakone, Kanagawa | Between Hakone-Yumoto and Gora. | | Iyotetsu Yokogawara Line and Gunchu Line | Ehime | | | Kintetsu Utsube Line, Hachioji Line | Yokkaichi, Mie | | | Sangi Railway Hokusei Line | Mie | | | Norway | Oslo T-bane | Oslo | Holmenkollbanen only | | Sweden | Saltsjöbanan | Stockholm | Originally 1500 V (1912), changed to 750 V in 1976 with new rolling stock | | Gothenburg tram | Göteborg | | | Turkey | Eskisehir Tramway System | | | | United Kingdom | Manchester Metrolink | Manchester | | | Sheffield Supertram | Sheffield | | | Midland Metro | Birmingham to Wolverhampton | | | Tramlink | South London | | | United States | Minneapolis/Saint Paul | Minnesota Metropolitan Transit light rail | | | Dallas Area Rapid Transit [DART] | Dallas, TX and adjacent suburbs | Light Rail | | Denver Regional Transportation District [RTD] | Denver, Colorado | Light Rail portion | | Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (SCVTA) | San Jose, California | Light Rail | | TRAX Light Rail | Salt Lake City UTA | | |
750 V DC conductor rail All third rail unless stated otherwise.
| Type | Country | Name of System | Location | Notes |
|---|
| | Austria | Vienna U-Bahn | Vienna | | | Bottom contact | Brazil | São Paulo Metro | São Paulo | Except lines 4 and 5 | | | Canada | Montreal Metro | Montreal | (Guide Bars) | | | China | Beijing | Beijing Subway | | | | China | Tianjin | Tianjin Metro | | | Bottom Contact | Czech Republic | Prague Metro | Prague | | | | Denmark | Copenhagen Metro | Copenhagen | | | Bottom Contact | Finland | Helsinki Metro | Helsinki | | | | France | Paris Métro, Lyon Métro, Marseille Métro, Lille Métro, Rennes Métro, Toulouse Métro | Paris, Lyon, Marseille, Lille, Rennes, Toulouse | Positive (and sometimes negative) polarity on guide rails | | | Germany | Berlin U-Bahn | Berlin | | | | Munich U-Bahn | Munich | | | | Nuremberg U-Bahn | Nuremberg | | | | Hamburg U-Bahn | Hamburg | | | | Greece | Athens Metro | Athens | | | | ISAP | Athens | | | | Hungary | Budapest Metro | Budapest | | | | India | Kolkata Metro | Kolkata (Calcutta) | | | | Japan | Most lines of Osaka Municipal Subway | Osaka, Osaka | | | | Sapporo Municipal Subway Namboku Line | Sapporo, Hokkaido | | | | Yokohama Municipal Subway | Yokohama, Kanagawa | | | | Netherlands | Amsterdam Metro | Amsterdam | Including line 51 north of Station Zuid | | | Norway | Oslo T-bane | Oslo | | | | Portugal | Lisbon Metro | Lisbon | | | | Puerto Rico | Tren Urbano | San Juan | | | | Romania | Bucharest Metro | Bucharest | | | | Russia | | | Undergrounds and metros. | | | Singapore | Mass Rapid Transit | Singapore | North South Line, East West Line and Circle Line, operated by SMRT Corporation | | | Taiwan | Rapid Transit | Taipei | Green, Orange, Red, Blue Lines | | Bottom Contact | United Kingdom | Docklands Light Railway | London | | Top Contact | Southern Region of British Railways and successors | Southern England | 660 V system upgraded and expanded | | Merseyrail | Liverpool | | | LNWR Suburban Network | London | Formerly four-rail out of Euston and Broad Street, curtailed, upgraded and standardised | | Northern City Line | London | Access to City (Moorgate) | | | United States | Washington Metro | Washington, DC | | | | Long Island Rail Road | New York City | | | | Las Vegas Monorail | Las Vegas, Nevada | | |
1500 V DC overhead
| Country | Name of System | Location | Notes |
|---|
| Argentina | Buenos Aires Metro | Buenos Aires | Lines C,D,E and H | | Argentina | Tren de la Costa | Buenos Aires | Suburban line | | Australia | CityRail | Sydney | | | Melbourne Suburban Railways | Melbourne | | | Brazil | São Paulo Metro | São Paulo | Lines 4 and 5 | | China | Shanghai | Shanghai Metro | | | China | Guangzhou | Guangzhou Metro | except Line 4 | | China | Shenzhen | Shenzhen Metro | | | Czech Republic | Ceské dráhy (CD) | | Tábor-Bechyne line only | | Denmark | Copenhagen S-train | Copenhagen | | | France | Société Nationale des Chemins de fer (SNCF) | 25 kV AC used on new High Speed Lines (TGV) and in the north. | | Mass Transit Railway Corporation | Hong Kong | East Rail Line,West Rail Line,Ma On Shan Line are 25 kV AC | | India | Mumbai Suburban Railway | Mumbai | | | Ireland | Dublin Area Rapid Transit | Dublin | | | Japan | Japan Railways (JR) lines | | Most electrified lines in Kanto, Chubu, Kansai, Chugoku, and Shikoku. | | Most private railway lines | | | | Most subway lines | | | | Netherlands | Nederlandse Spoorwegen - Dutch Railways (NS) | 25 kV AC used on new High Speed Lines. | | New Zealand | Wellington Suburban | Wellington | | | Otira Tunnel | Arthur's Pass-Otira, Southern Alps, South Island | De-electrified 1997 | | Christchurch-Lyttelton | South Island | De-electrified 1970 | | Portugal | Cascais Line | | | | Singapore | Mass Rapid Transit | | North East Line, operated by SBS Transit | | South Korea | Seoul Subway | Seoul National Capital Area | except Korail Line 1, Line 4, Bundang and Yongsan-Deokso Line. | | Incheon Subway | Incheon | | | Daegu Subway | Daegu | | | Busan Subway | Busan | | | Daejeon Subway | Daejeon | | | Gwangju Subway | Gwangju | | | Slovakia | Tatra Electric Railway | | | | Spain | Catalan Railways | | | | RENFE | | | | Euskotren | | | | FEVE | | | | Switzerland | Berner Oberland Bahn (BOB) | Interlaken | | | Schynige Platte Railway (SPB) | Interlaken | | | Wengernalpbahn (WAB)) | Interlaken | | | Chemin de fer Nyon-St-Cergue-Morez (NStCNM) | Vaud | Converted in 1980s from 2200V DC | | Sweden | Roslagsbanan | Stockholm | | | Saltsjöbanan | Stockholm | Electrified in 1912, changed to 750 V in 1976 with new rolling stock | | Turkey | Bursa LRT | Bursa | | | UK | Tyne and Wear Metro | Newcastle | | | Manchester-Sheffield-Wath | Manchester to Sheffield | Operated 1949-1981. Suburban services in Manchester converted to 25 kV, 50 Hz a.c. as far as Hadfield (remainder abandoned) | | Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway | Manchester | Opened in 1931. Converted to 25 kV 50 Hz AC in 1971 | | Great Eastern Main Line | London (Liverpool Street) to Shenfield (then Chelmsford) | Opened in 1949. Converted to 6.25 kV 50 Hz AC in 1960 | | Shildon to Newport | County Durham | Industrial line. Operated 1915-1935. | | United States | Metra Electric District Service | Chicago | |
3 kV DC overhead
| Country | Name of System | Location | Note |
|---|
| Belgium | Belgium National Railways (SNCB) | 25 kV AC used on new High Speed Lines. | | Brazil | | | | | Canada | Deux-Montagnes Line | Montreal | Built by CNoR in 1918, converted to 25 kV AC/60Hz in 1995 by AMT. | | Chile | | | | | Czech Republic | Czech Railways (CD) | Northern lines only (around Prague, Most, Ceská Trebová, Olomouc, Ostrava, along river Labe - Elbe) | | India | | Kolkata | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata_Metro and their website both say it is still on DC. | | Italy | RFI - Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (Italian Railways Network) | 25 kV AC used on new High Speed Lines. | | Morocco | | | | | North Korea | | | | | Poland | Polish State Railways (PKP) | | | Slovakia | Slovak Republic Railways (ZSR) | northern main line (connected to Czech Republic and Poland) and eastern lines (around Kosice and Presov), conversion to 25 kV AC planned, and the broad gauge line between Kosice and the Ukraine border (it will remain 3 kV) | | Slovenia | Slovenian Railways (SZ) | 25 kV AC also used | | South Africa | | | Also 25kV | | former Soviet Union | | | still on DC | | Spain | Spanish National Railways (RENFE) | 25 kV AC used on new High Speed Lines. | | Ukraine | | In east (Donyeck industrial zone), in west (west from L'viv - Lenberg connecting to Slovakia and Poland), also 25 kV AC | | United States | Morris & Essex Lines | New Jersey, lines towards New York City | By Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad in 1930 . Converted to 25 kV 60 Hz by NJT in 1984. | |
| Country | Name of System | Location | Notes |
|---|
| Australia | Queensland Rail, Citytrain | Brisbane, North Coast Line, Coalfields | Queensland | | Australia | Transperth | Perth | Western Australia | | Australia | Adelaide Metro | Adelaide | South Australia. To be electrified 2009-2018. | | Bosnia and Herzegovina | | | | | Botswana | | | proposed line to Namibia | | Belgium | Belgium National Railways (SNCB) | New High Speed Lines and the south of the country only | The rest of the network is 3 kV DC | | Bulgaria | Bulgarian State Railways BDZ | | | China | | | | | Congo | | | | | Croatia | Croatian Railways (HŽ) | | Smaller part 3kV DC, being replaced with 25kV AC | | Czech Republic | Ceské dráhy (CD) | | Southern lines only. (Around: Karlovy Vary, Cheb, Plzen, Ceské Budejovice, Tábor, Jihlava, Brno) | | Denmark | Banedanmark | Copenhagen-Odense-Germany and some more | The vast majority of the Banedanmark network is not electrified. | | Finland | Finnish Railways (VR) | | | France | French National Railways (SNCF) | | | Germany | Rübelandbahn | Harz | Operated 1960-2005 | | Greece | OSE | nationwide | Network electrification in progress. Currently operational on Thessaloniki-Eidomeni, Thessaloniki-Larissa and Nerantziotissa-Athens Airport. | | Hungary | Hungarian State Railways (MÁV) | | | India | Indian Railways (IR) | Large parts of Mumbai Division (Western and Central Railways) are 1500 V DC. | | India | Delhi Metro | | | Iran | | | | | Israel | Israel Railways | | Currently in the tender stage of the electrification project | | Italy | | | New high-speed lines only. | | Japan | JR Tohoku, Joetsu, and Nagano Shinkansen | | 60Hz in some areas. | | Macedonia | Macedonian Railways | | | | Malaysia | KTM Komuter Service | | | | Montenegro | Railways of Montenegro | Belgrade - Bar railway | Podgorica - Nikšic line currently under electrification | | Proposed line to Botswana | | | | Netherlands | Used on new High Speed Lines and Freight Lines | 1.5 kV DC used on the rest of the network. | | New Zealand | North Island Main Trunk Railway | | Central North Island section, 411 km between Palmerston North and Hamilton) | | Portugal | Portuguese Railways (CP) | | | Romania | Romanian Railways (CFR) | | | Serbia | Serbian Railways | | | Slovakia | Slovak Republic Railways (ŽSR) | South-western lines only (around Bratislava, Kuty, Trencin, Trnava, Nove Zamky, Zvolen) and the entire network (except narrow gauge lines) to follow | | Spain | | | New high-speed lines only. | | South Africa | Transnet | | | | former Soviet Union | | | | | Turkey | | | | | Network Rail | except South and Merseyside | | Ukraine | | In most of the west; also 3000 V DC in east. | | Zimbabwe | National Railways of Zimbabwe (NRZ) | Gweru-Harare | de-energised 2008 | |
Conductor rail (Non-standard voltages)
Overhead (Non-standard voltages)
| Voltage | Current | Name of System | Location | Country | Notes |
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| 250 | DC | Chicago Tunnel Company | Chicago | USA | Operated 1906-1959 | | 500 | DC | Many tram systems | | | | | 525 | DC | Bergbahn Lauterbrunnen-Mürren | Lauterbrunnen | Switzerland | | | 550 | DC | Snaefell Mountain Railway | Isle of Man | UK | | | 900 | DC | Gruyere - Fribourg - Morat | Fribourg | Switzerland | | | Montreux-Oberland Bernois | Montreux | Switzerland | | | 1000 | DC | Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg (SZU) | Zürich | Switzerland | Uetliberg branch only - uses an offset overhead line and pantograph to allow running on track shared with the AC-electrified Sihltal branch. | | Rhätische Bahn (RhB) | St Moritz - Tirano | Switzerland | | | 1100 | DC | Buenos Aires Metro (Subterráneos de Buenos Aires) | Buenos Aires | Argentina | Only Line A (will be converted to 1500 V DC by 2008/09) | | 1200 | DC | Barcelona Metro | Barcelona | Spain | Uses an overhead conductor rail/beam system. | | Sóller Railway | Palma - Sóller, Majorca | Spain | | | Ferrocarriles Nacionales de Cuba | Havana - Santiago | Cuba | | | | Lusatian | Germany | 900 mm gauge mining railways in the brown coal district | | | | Estonia | (Elektriraudtee) 1924-1941 and 1946-1958 | | 1350 | DC | FART | Domodossola-Locarno | Italy - Switzerland | | | 2400 | DC | | Lausitzer | Germany | Work line of the Lausitzer Brown Coal AG company. | | Chemin de fer de La Mure | Grenoble | France | -1200 V, +1200 V two wire system from 1903-1950. 2400 V since 1950 . | | 3500 | DC | Bury - Holcombe Brook | Manchester | UK | Operated 1913-1918. | | 5500 | 16.7 Hz | Ammergau Railway (German: Ammergaubahn) | Murnau | Germany | 1905-1955, after 1955 15000 volts, 16.7 Hz | | 6000 | DC | | | Russia | Experiments in the late 1970s (3000 V lines) | | 6000 | 50 Hz | | | Germany | Factory railway of Rheinbraun AG | | 6250 | 50 Hz | Great Eastern suburban lines | London | United Kingdom | Great Eastern suburban lines from Liverpool Street London, 1950s-c1980 (converted to 25 kV) | | 6300 | 25 Hz | Hamburg S-Bahn | Hamburg | Germany | Operated with AC 1907-1955. Used both AC and DC (1200 V 3rd rail) 1940-1955. | | 6500 | 25 Hz | Mariazellerbahn | Sankt Pölten | Austria | | | 6600 | 25 Hz | Thamshavnbanen | Orkdal | Norway | | | 8000 | 25 Hz | Alb Valley Railway (German: Albtalbahn) | Karlsruhe | Germany | 1911-1966, today using DC | | 10,000 | 25 Hz | Hofpleinlijn | The Hague - Rotterdam | Netherlands | From 1908, in 1926 converted to 1500 DC. In 2006 replaced by 750 V DC light rail | | 11,000 | 16? Hz | Rhaetian Railway (RhB) | | Switzerland | | | Matterhorn-Gotthard-Bahn (MGB) | | Switzerland | Formerly Furka-Oberalp-Bahn (FOB) and BVZ Zermatt-Bahn | | 11,000 | 25 Hz | Northeast Corridor (NEC), Amtrak | Washington, DC - New York City | United States | | | Keystone Corridor, Amtrak | Harrisburg, PA to Philadelphia, PA | United States | | | SEPTA | Philadelphia | United States | Commuter Lines | | New Jersey Transit | New Jersey | United States | Not all lines are electrified | | 12,500 | 60 Hz | Metro-North Railroad | New York City to New Haven | United States | Amtrak NEC trains also operate on these tracks | | 20,000 | 50 Hz | Höllentalbahn | Feibourg | Germany | Operated 1933-1960. | | Most electrified JR/the third sector lines in Hokkaido and Tohoku | JR East, JR Hokkaido, and others. | Japan | | | 20,000 | 60 Hz | Most electrified JR/the third sector lines in Kyushu | JR Kyushu and others | Japan | | | 25,000 | 60 Hz | Northeast Corridor (NEC), Amtrak | | United States | New Haven to Boston in 1996. | | Morris & Essex Lines and North Jersey Coast Line of New Jersey Transit | New Jersey | United States | Ex 3 kV DC lines, converted in 1984 and an extension of Pennsylvania Railroad 11 kV 25 Hz AC line. | | Tokaido-Sanyo Shinkansen | JR Central, JR West | Japan | | | Deux-Montagnes Line (AMT) | Montreal | Canada | Previously used 3kv DC, until line overhaul in 1995 | | Korail | | South Korea | All freight/passenger lines except Seoul subway Line 3 | | A'REX | Incheon, Seoul | South Korea | | | 50,000 | 50 Hz | Spoornet | Sishen - Saldanha | South Africa | Iron ore line | | 50,000 | 60 Hz | Black Mesa and Lake Powell | Arizona | USA | Coal line | | Tumbler Ridge Subdivision, BC Rail | British Columbia | Canada | Coal and Timber in remote BC, from opening in 1983 until de-electrified 2000 using EMD GF6C. |
Overhead (three-phase)
| Voltage | Current | Contact System | Name of System | Location | Country | Notes |
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| | | Three wire | Tagebau Gruhlwerk | | | Rack Railway (0.7 km). Operated 1927-1949 | | 725 | 50 Hz, ? | Two wire | Gornergratbahn | Zermatt | Switzerland | | | 750 | 40 Hz, 3Ø | Two wire | | Burgdorf-Thun | Switzerland | Operated 1899-1933. Converted to 15 kV, 16? Hz in 1933. | | 800 | 60 Hz, 3Ø | | Corcovado Rack Railway | Rio de Janeiro | Brazil | | | 1125 | 50 Hz, 3Ø | Two wire | Jungfraubahn | Interlaken | Switzerland | | | 3000 | 15 Hz, 3Ø | | Valtellina Electrification | | North Italy | 1902-1917 | | 3000 | 50 Hz, 3Ø | | Chemin de Fer de la Rhune | | France | | | 3600 | 16? Hz, 3Ø | Two wire | | | Italy | Operated 1912-1976 in Upper Italy (more info needed) | | 3600 | 16.7 Hz, 3Ø | | FS | Bologna - Porretta - Firenze | Italy | 1927-1935 | | 5200 | 25 Hz, 3Ø | | | Almeria-Gergal | Spain | 1911-1966? | | 10000 | 45 Hz, 3Ø | Two wire | FS | Roma - Sulmona | Italy | 1929 - 1944 | | 50 Hz, 3Ø | Three wire | | Berlin - Lichtenhain | | Test track (1.8 km). Variable voltage and frequency. Trial runs 1898-1901 | 14000 (See notes) | 38 Hz - 48 Hz (See notes) | Three wire | | Zossen - Marienfelde | | Test Track (23.4 km). Trial runs 1901-1904
Variable voltage between 10000 V and 14000 V and frequency between 38 Hz and 48 Hz. | |
Special or unusual types
DC, plough collection from conductors in conduit below track
DC, one ground-level conductor
- Wolverhampton Corporation Tramways, England. (stud contact) (1902-1921)
DC, two ground-level conductors
DC, two-wire
- Greenwich, England. Previously used by trams when in the vicinity of Greenwich Observatory; separate from trolley-bus supply.
- Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Tram (streetcar) system used this arrangement throughout, probably due to legal constraints on ground return currents.
DC, power from running rails
DC, four-rail
See also
External links
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- , England - details of electrification
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