List of crop plants pollinated by bees

Pollination

Pollination is the process by which pollen is transferred in plants, thereby enabling fertilisation and sexual reproduction. Pollen grains transport the male gametes to where the female gamete are contained within the carpel; in gymnosperms the pollen is directly applied to the ovule itself...

by insect

Insect

Insects are a class of living creatures within the arthropods that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body , three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes, and two antennae...

s is called entomophily

Entomophily

Entomophily is a form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by insects. Several insect are reported to be responsible for the pollination of many plant species, particularly bees, Lepidoptera , wasps, flies, ants and beetles. Some plant species co-evolved with a particular pollinator, such...

. Entomophily is a form of pollination whereby pollen

Pollen

Pollen is a fine to coarse powder containing the microgametophytes of seed plants, which produce the male gametes . Pollen grains have a hard coat that protects the sperm cells during the process of their movement from the stamens to the pistil of flowering plants or from the male cone to the...

is distributed by insects, particularly bee

Bee

Bees are flying insects closely related to wasps and ants, and are known for their role in pollination and for producing honey and beeswax. Bees are a monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea, presently classified by the unranked taxon name Anthophila...

s, Lepidoptera

Lepidoptera

Lepidoptera is a large order of insects that includes moths and butterflies . It is one of the most widespread and widely recognizable insect orders in the world, encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterflies, skipper butterflies, and moth-butterflies...

(e.g. butterflies

Butterfly

A butterfly is a mainly day-flying insect of the order Lepidoptera, which includes the butterflies and moths. Like other holometabolous insects, the butterfly's life cycle consists of four parts: egg, larva, pupa and adult. Most species are diurnal. Butterflies have large, often brightly coloured...

and moth

Moth

A moth is an insect closely related to the butterfly, both being of the order Lepidoptera. Moths form the majority of this order; there are thought to be 150,000 to 250,000 different species of moth , with thousands of species yet to be described...

s), flies

Fly

True flies are insects of the order Diptera . They possess a pair of wings on the mesothorax and a pair of halteres, derived from the hind wings, on the metathorax...

and beetle

Beetle

Coleoptera is an order of insects commonly called beetles. The word "coleoptera" is from the Greek , koleos, "sheath"; and , pteron, "wing", thus "sheathed wing". Coleoptera contains more species than any other order, constituting almost 25% of all known life-forms...

s. Note that honey bees will pollinate many plant species that are not native to areas where honey bees occur, and are often inefficient pollinators of such plants.

Please note that plants that require insect pollination to produce seeds do not necessarily require pollination to grow from seed into food. The carrot is an example.

Common name	Latin name	Pollinator	Commercial product of pollination	Pollinator impact	number of honey bee hives per acre	Geography of cultivation
Okra Okra Okra is a flowering plant in the mallow family. It is valued for its edible green seed pods. The geographical origin of okra is disputed, with supporters of South Asian, Ethiopian and West African origins...	Abelmoschus esculentus	Honey bees (incl. Apis cerana Apis cerana Apis cerana, or the Asiatic honey bee , is a species of honey bee found in southern and southeastern Asia, such as China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Bangladesh and Papua New Guinea. This species is the sister species of Apis koschevnikovi, and both are in the same subgenus as the Western honey... ), Solitary bees (Halictus Halictus The genus Halictus is a large assemblage of bee species in the family Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, containing well over 300 species, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere... spp.)	fruit	2-modest		temperate
Kiwifruit Kiwifruit The kiwifruit, often shortened to kiwi in many parts of the world, is the edible berry of a cultivar group of the woody vine Actinidia deliciosa and hybrids between this and other species in the genus Actinidia....	Actinidia deliciosa	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees	fruit	4-essential
Bucket orchid	Coryanthes	Male Euglossini Euglossini Euglossine bees, also called orchid bees, are the only group of corbiculate bees whose non-parasitic members do not all possess eusocial behavior. Most of the species are solitary, though a few are communal, or exhibit simple forms of eusociality... bees (Orchid bees)
Onion Onion The onion , also known as the bulb onion, common onion and garden onion, is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium. The genus Allium also contains a number of other species variously referred to as onions and cultivated for food, such as the Japanese bunching onion The onion...	Allium cepa	Honey bees, Solitary bees	seed			temperate
Cashew Cashew The cashew is a tree in the family Anacardiaceae. Its English name derives from the Portuguese name for the fruit of the cashew tree, caju, which in turn derives from the indigenous Tupi name, acajú. It is now widely grown in tropical climates for its cashew nuts and cashew apples.-Etymology:The...	Anacardium occidentale	Honey bees, Stingless bees, bumblebees, Solitary bees (Centris tarsata), Butterflies, flies, hummingbirds	nut	3-great		tropical
Atemoya Atemoya The atemoya, Annona × atemoya, is a hybrid of two fruits – the sugar apple and the cherimoya – which are both native to the American tropics. This fruit is popular in Taiwan, where it is known as the "pineapple sugar apple" , and is sometimes mistaken for a cross between the sugar... , Cherimoya Cherimoya The Cherimoya is the fruit of the species Annona cherimola, which is native to the Andes. Today they are grown throughout South and Central America.-Description:... , Custard apple Custard apple Custard apple, a common name, can refer to:Custard-apple, also called bull's heart, the fruit of the tree Annona reticulata.The custard-apple tree itself, Annona reticulataThe term may also refer to:...	Annona squamosa	Nitidulid beetles	fruit	4-essential		tropical
Celery Celery Apium graveolens is a plant species in the family Apiaceae commonly known as celery or celeriac , depending on whether the petioles or roots are eaten: celery refers to the former and celeriac to the latter. Apium graveolens grows to 1 m tall...	Apium graveolens	Honey bees, Solitary bees, flies	seed			temperate
Strawberry tree	Arbutus unedo	Honey bees, bumblebees	fruit	2-modest
American Pawpaw	Asimina triloba	Carrion flies Cynomya mortuorum Cynomya mortuorum belongs to the order Diptera, sometimes referred to as "true flies". In English, the only common name occasionally used is "fly of the dead" . It has a bluish-green appearance, similar to other Calliphoridae and is found in multiple geographic locations with a preference for... , Dung flies	fruit	4-essential		temperate
Carambola Carambola Carambola, also known as starfruit, is the fruit of Averrhoa carambola, a species of tree native to the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The fruit is a popular food throughout Southeast Asia, the South Pacific and parts of East Asia... , Starfruit	Averrhoa carambola	Honey bees, Stingless bees	fruit	3-great		tropical
Brazil nut Brazil Nut The Brazil nut is a South American tree in the family Lecythidaceae, and also the name of the tree's commercially harvested edible seed.- Order :...	Bertholletia excelsa	Bumblebees, Orchid bees (Euglossini Euglossini Euglossine bees, also called orchid bees, are the only group of corbiculate bees whose non-parasitic members do not all possess eusocial behavior. Most of the species are solitary, though a few are communal, or exhibit simple forms of eusociality... ), Carpenter bees	nut	4-essential		tropical
Beet Beet The beet is a plant in the Chenopodiaceae family which is now included in Amaranthaceae family. It is best known in its numerous cultivated varieties, the most well known of which is the purple root vegetable known as the beetroot or garden beet...	Beta vulgaris	Hover flies Hoverfly Hoverflies, sometimes called flower flies or syrphid flies, make up the insect family Syrphidae. As their common name suggests, they are often seen hovering or nectaring at flowers; the adults of many species feed mainly on nectar and pollen, while the larvae eat a wide range of foods... , Honey bees, Solitary bees	seed	1-little		temperate
Mustard Mustard plant Mustards are several plant species in the genera Brassica and Sinapis whose small mustard seeds are used as a spice and, by grinding and mixing them with water, vinegar or other liquids, are turned into the condiment known as mustard or prepared mustard...	Brassica alba, Brassica hirta, Brassica nigra	Honey bees, Solitary bees (Osmia cornifrons, Osmia lignaria)	seed	2-modest		temperate
Rapeseed Rapeseed Rapeseed , also known as rape, oilseed rape, rapa, rappi, rapaseed is a bright yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae...	Brassica napus	Honey bees, Solitary bees	seed	2-modest		temperate
Broccoli Broccoli Broccoli is a plant in the cabbage family, whose large flower head is used as a vegetable.-General:The word broccoli, from the Italian plural of , refers to "the flowering top of a cabbage"....	Brassica oleracea cultivar	Honey bees, Solitary bees	seed			temperate
Cauliflower Cauliflower Cauliflower is one of several vegetables in the species Brassica oleracea, in the family Brassicaceae. It is an annual plant that reproduces by seed...	Brassica oleracea Botrytis Group	Honey bees, Solitary bees	seed			temperate
Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage is a popular cultivar of the species Brassica oleracea Linne of the Family Brassicaceae and is a leafy green vegetable...	Brassica oleracea Capitata Group	Honey bees, Solitary bees	seed			temperate
Brussels sprouts	Brassica oleracea Gemmifera Group	Honey bees, Solitary bees	seed			temperate
Chinese cabbage Chinese cabbage Chinese cabbage can refer to two distinct varieties of Chinese leaf vegetables used often in Chinese cuisine. These vegetables are both related to the Western cabbage, and are of the same species as the common turnip...	Brassica rapa	Honey bees, Solitary bees	seed			temperate
Turnip Turnip The turnip or white turnip is a root vegetable commonly grown in temperate climates worldwide for its white, bulbous taproot. Small, tender varieties are grown for human consumption, while larger varieties are grown as feed for livestock... , Canola Canola Canola refers to a cultivar of either Rapeseed or Field Mustard . Its seeds are used to produce edible oil suitable for consumption by humans and livestock. The oil is also suitable for use as biodiesel.Originally, Canola was bred naturally from rapeseed in Canada by Keith Downey and Baldur R...	Brassica rapa	Honey bees, Solitary bees (Andrena ilerda, Osmia cornifrons, Osmia lignaria, Halictus Halictus The genus Halictus is a large assemblage of bee species in the family Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, containing well over 300 species, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere... spp.), flies	seed	3-great	1	temperate
Pigeon pea Pigeon pea The pigeon pea , also known as tropical green pea, toor dāl or arhar dāl , ತೊಗರಿ ಬೇಳೆ kadios , or Congo pea or gungo pea , pois Congo , gandul , gunga pea, or no-eye pea, [Cajanus... , Cajan pea, Congo bean	Cajanus cajan	Honey bees, solitary bees (Megachile Megachile The genus Megachile is a cosmopolitan group of solitary bees, often called leafcutter bees. While other genera within the family Megachilidae may chew leaves or petals into fragments to build their nests, certain species within Megachile neatly cut pieces of leaves or petals, hence their common name... spp.), Carpenter bees	seed	1-little
Jack bean, Horse bean, Sword bean	Canavalia Canavalia Canavalia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family and comprises approximately 70-75 species of tropical vines. Members of the genus are commonly known as jack-beans. The species of Canavalia endemic to the Hawaiian Islands were named āwikiwiki by the Native Hawaiians... spp.	Solitary bees, Carpenter bees (Xylocopa confusa)	seed	2-modest
Chile pepper, Red pepper, Bell pepper, Green pepper	Capsicum annuum Capsicum annuum Capsicum annuum is a domesticated species of the plant genus Capsicum native to southern North America and northern South America. The three species C. annuum, C. frutescens and C. chinense all evolved from a single common ancestor located somewhere in the northwest Brazil - Colombia area... , Capsicum frutescens	Honey bees, stingless bees (Melipona Melipona Melipona is a genus of stingless bees. These are widespread in warm areas of the Neotropics, from Sinaloa and Tamaulipas to Tucumán and Misiones . At least 40 species are known.... spp.), bumblebees, solitary bees, hover flies	fruit	1-little (pollinators important in green houses to increase fruit weight, but less in open fields)
Papaya Papaya The papaya , papaw, or pawpaw is the fruit of the plant Carica papaya, the sole species in the genus Carica of the plant family Caricaceae...	Carica papaya	Honey bees, thrips, large sphinx moths, Moths, Butterflies	fruit	1-little
Safflower Safflower Safflower is a highly branched, herbaceous, thistle-like annual. It is commercially cultivated for vegetable oil extracted from the seeds. Plants are 30 to 150 cm tall with globular flower heads having yellow, orange or red flowers. Each branch will usually have from one to five flower heads...	Carthamus tinctorius	Honey bees, Solitary bees	seed	1-little
Caraway Caraway Caraway also known as meridian fennel, or Persian cumin is a biennial plant in the family Apiaceae, native to western Asia, Europe and Northern Africa....	Carum carvi	Honey bees, Solitary bees, flies	seed	2-modest		temperate
Chestnut Chestnut Chestnut , some species called chinkapin or chinquapin, is a genus of eight or nine species of deciduous trees and shrubs in the beech family Fagaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The name also refers to the edible nuts they produce.-Species:The chestnut belongs to the...	Castanea sativa	Honey bees, Solitary bees	nut	2-modest		temperate
Star apple, Cainito	Chrysophyllum cainito	Insects, bats	fruit	1-little		tropical
Watermelon Watermelon Watermelon is a vine-like flowering plant originally from southern Africa. Its fruit, which is also called watermelon, is a special kind referred to by botanists as a pepo, a berry which has a thick rind and fleshy center...	Citrullus lanatus	Honey bees, bumblebees, solitary bees	fruit	4-essential	1-3	temperate
Tangerine Tangerine __notoc__The tangerine is an orange-colored citrus fruit which is closely related to the Mandarin orange . Taxonomically, it should probably be formally named as a subspecies or variety of Citrus reticulata; further work seems to be required to ascertain its correct scientific name...	Citrus reticulata	Honey bees, bumblebees	fruit	1-little		sub-tropical
Tangelo Tangelo The tangelo , Citrus × tangelo, is also widely known as the honeybell. Tangelo is a citrus fruit that is a hybrid of a tangerine and either a pomelo or a grapefruit. The fruits are the size of an adult fist and have a tangerine taste, but are very juicy, to the point of not providing much flesh...	Citrus spp.	Honey bees, Bumblebees	fruit	1-little		sub-tropical
Coconut Coconut The coconut palm, Cocos nucifera, is a member of the family Arecaceae . It is the only accepted species in the genus Cocos. The term coconut can refer to the entire coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which is not a botanical nut. The spelling cocoanut is an old-fashioned form of the word...	Cocos nucifera	Honey bees, Stingless bees	nut	2-modest		tropical
Coffea Coffea Coffea is a genus of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family. They are shrubs or small trees native to tropical and southern Africa and tropical Asia. Seeds of several species are the source of the popular beverage coffee. Coffee ranks as one of the world's most valuable and widely traded... spp. Coffea arabica Coffea arabica Coffea arabica is a species of Coffea originally indigenous to the mountains of Yemen in the Arabian Peninsula, hence its name, and also from the southwestern highlands of Ethiopia and southeastern Sudan. It is also known as the "coffee shrub of Arabia", "mountain coffee" or "arabica coffee"... , Coffea canephora Coffea canephora Robusta coffee is a variety of coffee which has its origins in central and western sub-Saharan Africa. It is a species of flowering plant in the Rubiaceae family. Though widely known as Coffea robusta, the plant is scientifically identified as Coffea canephora, which has two main varieties -...	Coffea spp.	Honey bees, Stingless bees, Solitary bees	fruit	2-modest		tropical
Cola nut	Cola nitida, Cola vera, Cola acuminata	flies	nut	3-great
Coriander Coriander Coriander is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae. Coriander is native to southern Europe and North Africa to southwestern Asia. It is a soft, hairless plant growing to tall. The leaves are variable in shape, broadly lobed at the base of the plant, and slender and feathery higher on the...	Coriandrum sativum	Honey bees, Solitary bees	seed	3-great
Crownvetch	Coronilla varia L.	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees	seed (increased yield from pollinators)			temperate
Hazelnut Hazelnut A hazelnut is the nut of the hazel and is also known as a cob nut or filbert nut according to species. A cob is roughly spherical to oval, about 15–25 mm long and 10–15 mm in diameter, with an outer fibrous husk surrounding a smooth shell. A filbert is more elongated, being about twice...	Corylus cornuta var. californica	Wind pollinated.	nut			temperate
Azarole	Crataegus Crataegus Crataegus , commonly called hawthorn or thornapple, is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the rose family, Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America. The name hawthorn was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe,... azarolus	Honey bees, Solitary bees	fruit	1-little
Cantaloupe Cantaloupe "Rockmelon" redirects here, for the band see Rockmelons. See also Cantaloupe .Cantaloupe refers to a variety of Cucumis melo, a species in the family Cucurbitaceae which includes nearly all melons and squashes. Cantaloupes range in size from... , Melon Melon thumb\|200px\|Various types of melonsThis list of melons includes members of the plant family Cucurbitaceae with edible, fleshy fruit e.g. gourds or cucurbits. The word "melon" can refer to either the plant or specifically to the fruit...	Cucumis melo L.	Honey bees, Squash bee Squash bee The name Squash bee is applied to two related genera of bees in the tribe Eucerini; Peponapis and Xenoglossa. Both genera are oligoleges on the plant genus Cucurbita and closely related plants... s, bumblebees, Solitary bees (Ceratina Ceratina The cosmopolitan bee genus Ceratina, often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees... spp.)	fruit	4-essential	2-4	temperate
Cucumber Cucumber The cucumber is a widely cultivated plant in the gourd family Cucurbitaceae, which includes squash, and in the same genus as the muskmelon. The plant is a creeping vine which bears cylindrical edible fruit when ripe. There are three main varieties of cucumber: "slicing", "pickling", and...	Cucumis sativus	Honey bees, Squash bee Squash bee The name Squash bee is applied to two related genera of bees in the tribe Eucerini; Peponapis and Xenoglossa. Both genera are oligoleges on the plant genus Cucurbita and closely related plants... s, Bumblebees, Leafcutter bee (in greenhouse pollination), Solitary bees (for some parthenocarpic gynoecious green house varieties pollination is detrimental to fruit quality)	fruit	3-great	1-2	temperate
Squash (plant), Pumpkin Pumpkin A pumpkin is a gourd-like squash of the genus Cucurbita and the family Cucurbitaceae . It commonly refers to cultivars of any one of the species Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita mixta, Cucurbita maxima, and Cucurbita moschata, and is native to North America... , Gourd Gourd A gourd is a plant of the family Cucurbitaceae. Gourd is occasionally used to describe crops like cucumbers, squash, luffas, and melons. The term 'gourd' however, can more specifically, refer to the plants of the two Cucurbitaceae genera Lagenaria and Cucurbita or also to their hollow dried out shell... , Marrow, Zuchini	Cucurbita spp.	Honey bees, Squash bee Squash bee The name Squash bee is applied to two related genera of bees in the tribe Eucerini; Peponapis and Xenoglossa. Both genera are oligoleges on the plant genus Cucurbita and closely related plants... s, Bumblebees, Solitary bees	fruit	4-essential	1	temperate
Guar bean, Goa bean	Cyamopsis tetragonoloba	Honey bees	seed	1-little
Quince Quince The quince , or Cydonia oblonga, is the sole member of the genus Cydonia and native to warm-temperate southwest Asia in the Caucasus region...	Cydonia oblonga Mill.	Honey bees	fruit			temperate
Lemon Lemon The lemon is both a small evergreen tree native to Asia, and the tree's ellipsoidal yellow fruit. The fruit is used for culinary and non-culinary purposes throughout the world – primarily for its juice, though the pulp and rind are also used, mainly in cooking and baking...		Honey bees	fruit			temperate
Lime Lime (fruit) Lime is a term referring to a number of different citrus fruits, both species and hybrids, which are typically round, green to yellow in color, 3–6 cm in diameter, and containing sour and acidic pulp. Limes are a good source of vitamin C. Limes are often used to accent the flavors of foods and...		Honey bees	fruit			temperate
Carrot Carrot The carrot is a root vegetable, usually orange in colour, though purple, red, white, and yellow varieties exist. It has a crisp texture when fresh...	Daucus carota	Flies, Solitary bees, Honey bees	seed			temperate
Hyacinth bean Hyacinth bean Lablab purpureus Lablab purpureus Lablab purpureus (syn. Dolichos lablab L., Dolichos purpureus L., L. niger Medikus, L. lablab (L.) Lyons, Vigna aristata Piper, and L...	Dolichos spp.	Honey bees, Solitary bees	seed	2-modest
Longan Longan Dimocarpus longan, commonly known as the longan, is a tropical tree native to South and Southeast Asia, in the Indomalaya ecozone known for its edible fruit.-Vernacular names:The fruit is known as longan or longyan in English...	Dimocarpus longan	Honey bees, Stingless bees		1-little
Persimmon Persimmon A persimmon is the edible fruit of a number of species of trees in the genus Diospyros in the ebony wood family . The word Diospyros means "the fire of Zeus" in ancient Greek. As a tree, it is a perennial plant...	Diospyros kaki, Diospyros virginiana	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees	fruit	1-little
Durian Durian The durian is the fruit of several tree species belonging to the genus Durio and the Malvaceae family . Widely known and revered in southeast Asia as the "king of fruits", the durian is distinctive for its large size, unique odour, and formidable thorn-covered husk...	Durio zibethinus	Bats, birds		3-great		tropical
Oil palm Oil palm The oil palms comprise two species of the Arecaceae, or palm family. They are used in commercial agriculture in the production of palm oil. The African Oil Palm Elaeis guineensis is native to West Africa, occurring between Angola and Gambia, while the American Oil Palm Elaeis oleifera is native to...	Elaeis guineensis	Weevils, thrips	seed	1-little		tropical
Cardamom Cardamom Cardamom refers to several plants of the genera Elettaria and Amomum in the ginger family Zingiberaceae. Both genera are native to India and Bhutan; they are recognised by their small seed pod, triangular in cross-section and spindle-shaped, with a thin papery outer shell and small black seeds...	Elettaria cardamomum	Honey bees, Solitary bees		3-great
Loquat Loquat The loquat , Eriobotrya japonica, is a fruit tree in the family Rosaceae, indigenous to southeastern China. It was formerly thought to be closely related to the genus Mespilus, and is still sometimes known as the Japanese medlar...	Eriobotrya japonica	Honey bees, Bumblebees	fruit	3-great
Buckwheat Buckwheat Buckwheat refers to a variety of plants in the dicot family Polygonaceae: the Eurasian genus Fagopyrum, the North American genus Eriogonum, and the Northern Hemisphere genus Fallopia. Either of the latter two may be referred to as "wild buckwheat"...	Fagopyrum esculentum	Honey bees, Solitary bees	seed	3-great	1	temperate
Feijoa Feijoa Acca sellowiana, a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, is native to the highlands of southern Brazil, Colombia, Uruguay, and northern Argentina. It is widely cultivated as a garden plant and fruiting tree in New Zealand, and can be found as a garden plant in Australia and...	Feijoa sellowiana	Honey bees, Solitary bees	fruit	3-great		tropical
fig Ficus Ficus is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes, and hemiepiphyte in the family Moraceae. Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the semi-warm temperate zone. The Common Fig Ficus is a genus of...	Ficus spp.	Fig wasp Fig wasp Fig wasps are wasps of the family Agaonidae which pollinate figs or are otherwise associated with figs, a coevolutional relationship that has been developing for at least 80 million years... s (incl. Blastophaga psenes)	fruit (syconium)	2-modest		sub-tropical
Fennel Fennel Fennel is a plant species in the genus Foeniculum . It is a member of the family Apiaceae . It is a hardy, perennial, umbelliferous herb, with yellow flowers and feathery leaves...	Foeniculum vulgare	Honey bees, Solitary bees, flies	seed	3-great		temperate
Strawberry Strawberry Fragaria is a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, commonly known as strawberries for their edible fruits. Although it is commonly thought that strawberries get their name from straw being used as a mulch in cultivating the plants, the etymology of the word is uncertain. There...	Fragaria spp.	Honey bees, Stingless bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees (Halictus Halictus The genus Halictus is a large assemblage of bee species in the family Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, containing well over 300 species, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere... spp.), Hover flies	fruit	2-modest	1	temperate
Soybean Soybean The soybean or soya bean is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean which has numerous uses...	Glycine max, Glycine soja	Honey bees, bumblebees, Solitary bees	seed	2-modest		temperate
Stanhopea Stanhopea Stanhopea is a genus of the orchid family from Central and South America. The abbreviation used in horticultural trade is Stan. The genus is named for the 4th Earl of Stanhope , president of the Medico-Botanical Society of London...	Stanhopea	Male Euglossini Euglossini Euglossine bees, also called orchid bees, are the only group of corbiculate bees whose non-parasitic members do not all possess eusocial behavior. Most of the species are solitary, though a few are communal, or exhibit simple forms of eusociality... bees (Orchid bees)
Cotton Cotton Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. The botanical purpose of cotton fiber is to aid in seed dispersal....	Gossypium spp.	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees	seed, fiber	2-modest
Sunflower Sunflower Sunflower is an annual plant native to the Americas. It possesses a large inflorescence . The sunflower got its name from its huge, fiery blooms, whose shape and image is often used to depict the sun. The sunflower has a rough, hairy stem, broad, coarsely toothed, rough leaves and circular heads...	Helianthus annuus	Honey bees, bumblebees, Solitary bees	seed	2-modest	1	temperate
Walnut Walnut Juglans is a plant genus of the family Juglandaceae, the seeds of which are known as walnuts. They are deciduous trees, 10–40 meters tall , with pinnate leaves 200–900 millimetres long , with 5–25 leaflets; the shoots have chambered pith, a character shared with the wingnuts , but not the hickories...	Juglans spp.	Wind pollinated.	nut			temperate
Flax Flax Flax is a member of the genus Linum in the family Linaceae. It is native to the region extending from the eastern Mediterranean to India and was probably first domesticated in the Fertile Crescent...	Linum usitatissimum	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees	seed	1-little		temperate
Lychee Lychee The lychee is the sole member of the genus Litchi in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. It is a tropical and subtropical fruit tree native to Southern China and Southeast Asia, and now cultivated in many parts of the world...	Litchi chinensis	Honey bees, flies	fruit	1-little
Lupine Lupine Lupine may be one of several things:Something that is like, or relating to, a wolf .A variant spelling for lupin, a flowering plant.Lu Pine Records, a record label in Detroit.Lupine Games, a computer game company....	Lupinus angustifolius L.	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees	seed			temperate
Macadamia Macadamia Macadamia is a genus of nine species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae, with a disjunct distribution native to eastern Australia , New Caledonia and Sulawesi in Indonesia ....	Macadamia ternifolia	Honey bees, Stingless bees (Trigona carbonaria Trigona carbonaria Trigona carbonaria is a stingless bee endemic to Australia. Their common name is Sugarbag bee. The bee is known to pollinate the orchids Dendrobium lichenastrum, D. toressae, and D. speciosum. It has been identified as an insect that collects pollen from the cycad, Cycas media.T. carbonaria forms... ), Solitary bees (Homalictus spp.), Wasps, Butterflies	nut	4-essential		tropical
Acerola Acerola Malpighia emarginata is a tropical fruit-bearing shrub or small tree in the family Malpighiaceae. Common names include acerola, Barbados cherry, West Indian cherry and wild crapemyrtle....	Malpighia glabra	Honey bees, Solitary bees	fruit (minor commercial value)
Apple Apple The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, species Malus domestica in the rose family . It is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits, and the most widely known of the many members of genus Malus that are used by humans. Apple grow on small, deciduous trees that blossom in the spring...	Malus domestica, or Malus sylvestris	Honey bees, orchard mason bee Orchard mason bee Osmia lignaria, commonly known as the orchard mason bee or blue orchard bee, is a megachilid bee that makes nests in reeds and natural holes, creating individual cells for their brood that are separated by mud dividers. Unlike carpenter bees, they cannot drill holes in wood. O... , Bumblebees, Solitary bees (Andrena Andrena Andrena is the largest genus in the family Andrenidae, and is nearly worldwide in distribution, with the notable exceptions of Oceania and South America. With over 1,300 species, it is one of the largest of all bee genera... spp., Halictus Halictus The genus Halictus is a large assemblage of bee species in the family Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, containing well over 300 species, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere... spp., Osmia spp., Anthophora Anthophora The bee genus Anthophora is one of the largest in the family Apidae, with over 450 species worldwide in 14 different subgenera. They are most abundant and diverse in the Holarctic and African biogeographic regions. All species are solitary, though many nest in large aggregations... spp.), Hover flies (Eristalis cerealis, Eristalis tenax Eristalis tenax Eristalis tenax is a European hoverfly, also known as the drone fly . It has been introduced into North America and is widely established.... )	fruit	3-great	1, 2 semi dwarf, 3 dwarf	temperate
Mammee	Mammea americana	Bees	fruit	2-modest		tropical
Mango Mango The mango is a fleshy stone fruit belonging to the genus Mangifera, consisting of numerous tropical fruiting trees in the flowering plant family Anacardiaceae. The mango is native to India from where it spread all over the world. It is also the most cultivated fruit of the tropical world. While...	Mangifera indica	Honey bees, Stingless bees, flies, ants, wasps	fruit	3-great		sub-tropical
Sapodilla Sapodilla Manilkara zapota, commonly known as the sapodilla, is a long-lived, evergreen tree native to southern Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. An example natural occurrence is in coastal Yucatan in the Petenes mangroves ecoregion, where it is a subdominant plant species...	Manikara zapotilla	thrips	fruit	4-essential		tropical
Alfalfa Alfalfa Alfalfa is a flowering plant in the pea family Fabaceae cultivated as an important forage crop in the US, Canada, Argentina, France, Australia, the Middle East, South Africa, and many other countries. It is known as lucerne in the UK, France, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand, and known as...	Medicago sativa	Alfalfa leafcutter bee Alfalfa leafcutter bee Megachile rotundata, the alfalfa leafcutter bee or lucerne leafcutter bee is a European bee that has been introduced to other regions... , Alkali bee Alkali bee The alkali bee, Nomia melanderi, is a ground-nesting bee native to deserts and semi-arid desert basins of the western United States.It is an effective pollinator for alfalfa.... , Honey bees	seed		1	temperate
Rambutan Rambutan The rambutan is a medium-sized tropical tree in the family Sapindaceae, and the fruit of this tree. It is native to Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and elsewhere in Southeast Asia, although its precise natural distribution is unknown. It is closely related to several...	Nephelium lappaceum	Honey bees, Stingless bees, flies	fruit 1-little			tropical
Cactus Cactus A cactus is a member of the plant family Cactaceae. Their distinctive appearance is a result of adaptations to conserve water in dry and/or hot environments. In most species, the stem has evolved to become photosynthetic and succulent, while the leaves have evolved into spines... , Prickly pear Opuntia Opuntia, also known as nopales or paddle cactus , is a genus in the cactus family, Cactaceae.Currently, only prickly pears are included in this genus of about 200 species distributed throughout most of the Americas. Chollas are now separated into the genus Cylindropuntia, which some still consider...	Opuntia spp.	Bumblebees, Solitary bees	fruit	2-modest
Sainfoin Sainfoin Onobrychis, the Sainfoins, are Eurasian perennial herbs of the legume family . Including doubtfully distinct species and provisionally accepted taxa, about 150 species are presently known...	Onobrychis spp.	Honey bees, Solitary bees	seed			temperate
Passion fruit. Maracuja	Passiflora edulis	Carpenter bees, Solitary bees, bumblebees, humming birds	fruit	4-essential		tropical
Avocado Avocado The avocado is a tree native to Central Mexico, classified in the flowering plant family Lauraceae along with cinnamon, camphor and bay laurel...	Persea americana	Honey bees, Stingless bees, Solitary bees	fruit	3-great
Lima bean Lima bean Phaseolus lunatus is a legume. It is grown for its seed, which is eaten as a vegetable. It is commonly known as the lima bean or butter bean.-Origin and uses:... , Kidney bean, Haricot bean, Adzuki bean, Mungo bean, String bean	Phaseolus spp.	Honey bees, Solitary bees	fruit, seed	1-little
Scarlet runner bean	Phaseolus coccineus L.	Bumblebees, Honey bees, Solitary bees, Thrips	seed
Allspice Allspice Allspice, also called Jamaica pepper, pepper, myrtle pepper, pimenta, or newspice, is a spice that is the dried unripe fruit of Pimenta dioica , a mid-canopy tree native to the Greater Antilles, southern Mexico, and Central America, now cultivated in many warm parts of the world...	Pimenta dioica	Honey bees, Solitary bees (Halictus Halictus The genus Halictus is a large assemblage of bee species in the family Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, containing well over 300 species, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere... spp., Exomalopsis spp., Ceratina Ceratina The cosmopolitan bee genus Ceratina, often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees... spp.)		3-great
Apricot Apricot The apricot, Prunus armeniaca, is a species of Prunus, classified with the plum in the subgenus Prunus. The native range is somewhat uncertain due to its extensive prehistoric cultivation.- Description :...	Prunus armeniaca	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees, flies	fruit	3-great	1	temperate
Sweet Cherry Prunus avium Prunus avium, commonly called wild cherry, sweet cherry, bird cherry, or gean, is a species of cherry, native to Europe, west Turkey, northwest Africa, and western Asia, from the British Isles south to Morocco and Tunisia, north to the Trondheimsfjord region in Norway and east to the Caucasus, and...	Prunus avium spp.	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees, flies	fruit	3-great		temperate
Sour cherry Sour Cherry Prunus cerasus, or the sour cherry, is a species of Prunus in the subgenus Cerasus , native to much of Europe and southwest Asia. It is closely related to the wild cherry Prunus cerasus, or the sour cherry, is a species of Prunus in the subgenus Cerasus (cherries), native to much of Europe and...	Prunus cerasus	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees, flies	fruit	3-great		temperate
Plum Prunus Prunus is a genus of trees and shrubs, which includes the plums, cherries, peaches, apricots and almonds. There are around 430 species spread throughout the northern temperate regions of the globe. Many members of the genus are widely cultivated for fruit and ornament.-Botany:Members of the genus... , Greengage, Mirabelle, Sloe	Prunus domestica, Prunus spinosa	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees, flies	fruit	3-great	1	temperate
Almond Almond The almond , is a species of tree native to the Middle East and South Asia. Almond is also the name of the edible and widely cultivated seed of this tree...	Prunus dulcis, Prunus amygdalus, or Amygdalus communis	Honey bees, bumblebees, Solitary bees (Osmia cornuta Osmia cornuta Osmia cornuta is a species of bee in the genus Osmia. It is found in southern and central Europe, north to Belgium and the southern parts of the Netherlands.The length varies from 10 to 15 mm. Adults are on wing from March to June.... ), flies	nut	3-great	2-3	temperate
Peach Peach The peach tree is a deciduous tree growing to tall and 6 in. in diameter, belonging to the subfamily Prunoideae of the family Rosaceae. It bears an edible juicy fruit called a peach... , Nectarine	Prunus persica	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees, flies	fruit	3-great	1	temperate
Guava Guava Guavas are plants in the myrtle family genus Psidium , which contains about 100 species of tropical shrubs and small trees. They are native to Mexico, Central America, and northern South America...	Psidium guajava	Honey bees, Stingless bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees (Lasioglossum Lasioglossum The sweat bee genus Lasioglossum is the largest of all bee genera, containing over seventeen hundred species in numerous subgenera worldwide. They are highly variable in size, coloration, and sculpture; among the more unusual variants, some are cleptoparasites, some are nocturnal, and some are... spp.)	fruit	2-modest		tropical
Pomegranate Pomegranate The pomegranate , Punica granatum, is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree growing between five and eight meters tall.Native to the area of modern day Iran, the pomegranate has been cultivated in the Caucasus since ancient times. From there it spread to Asian areas such as the Caucasus as...	Punica granatum	Honey bees, Solitary bees, beetles	fruit	2-modest
Pear Pear The pear is any of several tree species of genus Pyrus and also the name of the pomaceous fruit of these trees. Several species of pear are valued by humans for their edible fruit, but the fruit of other species is small, hard, and astringent....	Pyrus communis	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees, Hover flies (Eristalis Eristalis Eristalis is a large genus of hoverflies, family Syrphidae, in the order Diptera. One of the more common species in the genus, Eristalis tenax is also known as the dronefly, because it bears a superficial resemblance to honeybee drones... spp.)	fruit	3-great	1	temperate
Black currant, Red currant	Ribes nigrum, Ribes rubrum	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees	fruit	2-modest		temperate
Rose hips, Dogroses	Rosa spp.	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Carpenter bees, Solitary bees, Hover flies		3-great		temperate
Boysenberry Boysenberry A boysenberry is a cross between a European Raspberry , a Common Blackberry , and a Loganberry ....	Rubus spp.	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees	fruit			temperate
Raspberry Raspberry The raspberry or hindberry is the edible fruit of a multitude of plant species in the genus Rubus, most of which are in the subgenus Idaeobatus; the name also applies to these plants themselves...	Rubus idaeus	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees, Hover flies (Eristalis Eristalis Eristalis is a large genus of hoverflies, family Syrphidae, in the order Diptera. One of the more common species in the genus, Eristalis tenax is also known as the dronefly, because it bears a superficial resemblance to honeybee drones... spp.)	fruit	3-great	1	temperate
Blackberry Blackberry The blackberry is an edible fruit produced by any of several species in the Rubus genus of the Rosaceae family. The fruit is not a true berry; botanically it is termed an aggregate fruit, composed of small drupelets. The plants typically have biennial canes and perennial roots. Blackberries and...	Rubus fruticosus	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees, Hover flies (Eristalis Eristalis Eristalis is a large genus of hoverflies, family Syrphidae, in the order Diptera. One of the more common species in the genus, Eristalis tenax is also known as the dronefly, because it bears a superficial resemblance to honeybee drones... spp.)	fruit	3-great		temperate
Elderberry Elderberry Sambucus is a genus of between 5 and 30 species of shrubs or small trees in the moschatel family, Adoxaceae. It was formerly placed in the honeysuckle family, Caprifoliaceae, but was reclassified due to genetic evidence...	Sambucus nigra	Honey bees, Solitary bees, flies, Longhorn beetle Longhorn beetle The longhorn beetles are a cosmopolitan family of beetles, typically characterized by extremely long antennae, which are often as long as or longer than the beetle's body... s	fruit	2-modest		temperate
Sesame Sesame Sesame is a flowering plant in the genus Sesamum. Numerous wild relatives occur in Africa and a smaller number in India. It is widely naturalized in tropical regions around the world and is cultivated for its edible seeds, which grow in pods....	Sesamum indicum	Honey bees, Solitary bees, wasps, flies	seed	2-modest
Eggplant	Solanum melongena	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees	fruit	2-modest (pollinators important in green houses, but less in open fields)		temperate
Naranjillo Naranjillo Naranjillo is a common name of several South American plants with edible fruit:Solanum quitoense, usually spelled NaranjillaZanthoxylum naranjillo*Platonia esculenta...	Solanum quitoense	Bumblebees, Solitary bees	fruit	3-great		tropical
Rowanberry	Sorbus aucuparia	Honey bees, Solitary bees, Bumblebees, Hover flies	fruit	4-essential		temperate
Service Tree Service Tree Sorbus domestica is a species of Sorbus native to western, central and southern Europe, northwest Africa , and southwest Asia .It is a deciduous tree growing to 15–20 m tall with a...	Sorbus domestica	bees, flies	fruit	2-modest
Hog plum	Spondias spp.	Honey bees, Stingless bees (Melipona Melipona Melipona is a genus of stingless bees. These are widespread in warm areas of the Neotropics, from Sinaloa and Tamaulipas to Tucumán and Misiones . At least 40 species are known.... spp.)	fruit	1-little
Tamarind Tamarind Tamarind is a tree in the family Fabaceae. The genus Tamarindus is monotypic .-Origin:...	Tamarindus indica	Honey bees (incl. Apis dorsata Apis dorsata Apis dorsata, the giant honey bee, is a honey bee of southern and southeastern Asia mainly in forested areas like the Terai of Nepal... )	fruit	1-little
Cocoa	Theobroma cacao	Midges		4-essential		tropical
Clover Clover Clover , or trefoil, is a genus of about 300 species of plants in the leguminous pea family Fabaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution; the highest diversity is found in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, but many species also occur in South America and Africa, including at high altitudes... (not all species)	Trifolium spp.	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees	seed		1	temperate
White clover White clover Trifolium repens, the white clover , is a species of clover native to Europe, North Africa, and West Asia...	Trifolium alba	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees	seed		1	temperate
Alsike clover	Trifolium hybridum L.	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees	seed		1	temperate
Crimson clover Crimson clover Trifolium incarnatum, known as Crimson clover or Italian clover, is a species of clover in the family Fabaceae, native to most of Europe. The species name incarnatum means "blood red"....	Trifolium incarnatum	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees	seed		1
Red clover Red clover Trifolium pratense is a species of clover, native to Europe, Western Asia and northwest Africa, but planted and naturalised in many other regions....	Trifolium pratense	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees	seed		1	temperate
Arrowleaf clover	Trifolium vesiculosum Savi	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees	seed		1	temperate
Blueberry Blueberry Blueberries are flowering plants of the genus Vaccinium with dark-blue berries and are perennial...	Vaccinium spp.	Honey bees, Alfalfa leafcutter bees, Southeastern blueberry bee Habropoda laboriosa The southeastern blueberry bee, Habropoda laboriosa, is a native bee in the family Apidae in the United States. It is regarded as the most efficient pollinator of southern rabbiteye blueberries, as the flowers require buzz pollination, and H. laboriosa is one of the few bees that exhibit this... , Bumblebees (Bombus impatiens Bombus impatiens Bombus impatiens is the most often encountered bumblebee across much of eastern North America . Its range includes Ontario, Maine, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, south to Florida, west to Michigan, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri... ), Solitary bees (Anthophora pilipes, Colletes Colletes The genus Colletes is a very large group of ground-nesting bees within the bee family Colletidae, with over 450 species worldwide, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere. These bees tend to be solitary, though sometimes nest close together in so-called aggregations... spp., Osmia ribifloris Osmia ribifloris Osmia ribifloris, one of several species referred to as a blueberry bee, is a megachilid bee native to the coastal mountains of southern California. This solitary bee normally gathers pollen from manzanita, but will pollinate blueberries, and is sometimes used commercially for this purpose.... , Osmia lignaria)	fruit	3-great	3-4	temperate
Cranberry Cranberry Cranberries are a group of evergreen dwarf shrubs or trailing vines in the subgenus Oxycoccus of the genus Vaccinium. In some methods of classification, Oxycoccus is regarded as a genus in its own right...	Vaccinium oxycoccus, Vaccinium macrocarpon	Honey bees, Bumblebees (Bombus affinis), Solitary bees (Megachile addenda, Alfalfa leafcutter bees)	fruit		3	temperate
Vanilla Vanilla Vanilla is a flavoring derived from orchids of the genus Vanilla, primarily from the Mexican species, Flat-leaved Vanilla . The word vanilla derives from the Spanish word "", little pod...	Vanilla planifolia, Vanilla pompona	Solitary bees	fruit	4-essential		tropical
Tung tree Tung tree Vernicia fordii is a species of Vernicia in the spurge family, native to southern China, Burma, and northern Vietnam. Other vernacular names include Tung Oil Tree, Tung-oil Tree, Tungoil Tree, China Wood-Oil Tree, Kalo Nut Tree, 油桐 Vernicia fordii (Tung Tree; syn. Aleurites fordii Hemsl.) is a...	Vernicia fordii	Honey bees	seed
Broad bean	Vicia faba	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees	seed	2-modest
Vetch	Vicia spp.	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees	seed			temperate
Cowpea Cowpea The Cowpea is one of several species of the widely cultivated genus Vigna. Four cultivated subspecies are recognised:*Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica Catjang... , Black-eyed pea Black-eyed pea The black-eyed pea, also called black-eyed bean and chawalie or lobia in various languages in India and Pakistan, is a subspecies of the cowpea, grown around the world for its medium-sized, edible bean. The bean mutates easily, giving rise to a number of varieties. The common commercial one is... , Blackeye bean	Vigna unguiculata	Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees	seed	1-little
Karite	Vitellaria paradoxa	Honey bees	nut	2-modest		temperate
Tomato Tomato The word "tomato" may refer to the plant or the edible, typically red, fruit which it bears. Originating in South America, the tomato was spread around the world following the Spanish colonization of the Americas, and its many varieties are now widely grown, often in greenhouses in cooler...	Solanum lycopersicum	Bumblebees, Solitary bees (Halictus spp.)	fruit			tropical
Grape Grape A grape is a non-climacteric fruit, specifically a berry, that grows on the perennial and deciduous woody vines of the genus Vitis. Grapes can be eaten raw or they can be used for making jam, juice, jelly, vinegar, wine, grape seed extracts, raisins, molasses and grape seed oil. Grapes are also...	Vitis spp.	Honey bees, Solitary bees, flies	fruit	0-no increase		temperate
Jujube Jujube Ziziphus zizyphus , commonly called jujube , red date, Chinese date, Korean date, or Indian date is a species of Ziziphus in the buckthorn family Rhamnaceae, used primarily as a fruiting shade tree.-Distribution:Its precise natural distribution is uncertain due to extensive cultivation,...	Zizyphus jujuba	Honey bees, Solitary bees, flies, beetles, wasps	fruit	2-modest

See also