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Germany
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| Lakenvelder (chicken) Lakenvelders are a List of chicken breeds of chicken developed in the 1830?s in the Netherlands. It was admitted to the American Poultry Association?s Standard of Perfection in 1939.... North Holland Blue The North Holland Blue is a breed of chicken originating in the province of North Holland. Created around the turn of the 20th century as laying breed, North Holland Blues come in single variety with black and white striped pattern called Cuckoo.... Polish (chicken) The Polish is an European breed of chicken known for its crest of feathers. The English language name of these birds is a misnomer, as they do not originate in the country of Poland.... Welsummer Welsummer is a chicken breed originally from the small village of Welsum, in the east part of The Netherlands.It was bred from local fowls of mixed origin, Rhode Island Reds, Barnevelders, Leghorn , Cochin , and Wyandotte at the beginning of the 20th century.... |
NorwayNorway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a constitutional monarchy in Northern Europe that occupies the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula....
- Jærhøne
PhilippinesPhilippines
The Philippines, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines, is a country in Southeast Asia with Manila as its capital city. It comprises 7,107 islands in the western Pacific Ocean....
- Mola Chicken
RomaniaRomania
Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
- Transylvanian Naked NeckNaked Neck
The Naked Neck is the only breed of chicken that is naturally devoid of feathers on its neck. Originating in Central Europe, the breed is also called the Transylvanian Naked Neck, as well as the Turken....
RussiaRussia
Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
- Yurlov CrowerYurlov Crower
The Yurlov Crower is an old Russian list of chicken breeds of chicken primarily selected and used for long crowing cock contests in Russia.Russian Name: ????????? ??????????....
SpainSpain
Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
| Minorca (chicken) The Minorca is a breed of chicken originating in Spain. They are classified in the Mediterranean class by the American Poultry Association. They lay white egg s.... Penedesenca The Penedesenca is a breed of chicken originating in the Spain province of Catalonia, in the area around Vilafranca del Pened?s, which is the main town in the region known as "Pened?s".... White-Faced Black Spanish The White-Faced Black Spanish is a Spain breed of chicken. They are thought to be the oldest breed of fowl in the Mediterranean class. The British have records dating back to 1572 referring to this chicken.... |
SwitzerlandSwitzerland
Switzerland is a landlocked Swiss Alps country of roughly 7.7 million people in Western Europe with an area of 41,285 km?. Switzerland is a federal republic consisting of 26 states called Cantons of Switzerland....
- AppenzellerAppenzeller (chicken)
The Appenzeller is a breed of chicken originating in Appenzell region of Switzerland. The Appenzeller comes in two varieties. The Spitzhauben, meaning "pointed hood", has a V-comb and feather crests in males and females....
(Barthühner and Spitzhauben)
TurkeyTurkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
- SultanSultan (chicken)
The Sultan is a breed of chicken originating in Turkey. Its English moniker is directly culled from the original Turkish language name of Serai-Tavuk, which translates as "fowls of the Sultan"....
Buckhamma
- Sibel
UkraineUkraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
- PoltavaPoltava (chicken)
The Poltava is an old Ukraine dual-purpose list of chicken breeds of chicken named after the Ukrainian city of Poltava. It includes three color varieties: Clay, Cuckoo, and Black....
United KingdomUnited Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
| Old English Game The Old English Game Fowl is a breed of chicken. Pure English Game Fowls are prized among Poultry breeders and thus fetch a high sale price. English Game cocks are known for their aggressive nature and attractive appearance.... Old English Pheasant Fowl The Old English Pheasant Fowl is a rare breed of chicken originating in England. Despite its name, it is not a species of Pheasant, and is so named based merely on appearance.... Orpington (chicken) ||-||-||-||-||-|File:Buff Orpington.JPG|-||}The Orpington is a large bird from the England class of chickens. It is a bold, upright breed with a wide chest, broad back, and small head and tail.... Rosecomb The Rosecomb is a breed of chicken named for its distinctive Cockscomb. Rosecombs are Bantam , and are among those known as true bantams, meaning they are not a miniaturized version of a large fowl.... Scots Dumpy The Scots Dumpy is a breed of chicken from Scotland. The moniker dumpy, meaning short and stout, refers the breed's thick-set appearance and extremely short legs.... Scots Grey The Scots Grey is a breed of chicken originating in Scotland. It is so named because of its striped plumage, which is called either Barred or Cuckoo by poultry enthusiasts.... Sebright (chicken) The Sebright is a breed of chicken named after its developer, Sir John Saunders Sebright. Created in the 19th century through a selective breeding program designed to produce an ornamental breed, the Sebright is a Bantam , meaning it is a miniature bird with no corresponding large fowl to which it is related.... Sussex (chicken) The Sussex chicken is a dual purpose breed that is a popular backyard chicken in many countries. They come in eight colours and have a bantam version at 1/4 size; the bantams may be any of the seven colours.... |
United StatesUnited States
The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
| Iowa Blue The Iowa Blue is a breed of chicken that originated near Decorah, Iowa in the early 20th century. Despite its name, the breed is not actually blue according to poultry standards.... Java (chicken) The Java is a breed of chicken originating in the United States. Despite the breed's name, which comes from the island of Java in Indonesia, it was developed in the U.S.... Jersey Giant The Jersey Giant is a breed of chicken originating in the United States. Named for their state of origin and their large size, Jersey Giants are one of the heaviest breeds of chickens.... Lamona The Lamona is a breed of chicken originating in the United States. It was developed in the early 20th century by Harry S. Lamon, who was the senior poultry expert at the Bureau of Animal Industry, an agency that was eventually replaced by the U.S.... New Hampshire (chicken) The New Hampshire breed of chicken originated in the state of New Hampshire in the United States. Poultry farmers, starting with Rhode Island Reds and performing generation after generation of selective breeding, intensified the characteristics of early maturity, rapid full feathering, and production of large brown egg .... Plymouth Rock (chicken) The Plymouth Rock, often called simply Rocks or Barred Rocks , is a chicken breed that originated in the United States. The Plymouth Rock is a dual-purpose, cold-hardy bird and therefore makes a great breed for the small farm or backyard flock owner.... (or Barred Rock, Rock) Rhode Island Red The Rhode Island Red is a breed of chicken . They are a utility bird, raised for meat and Egg , and also as show birds. They are a popular choice for backyard flocks because of their egg laying abilities and hardiness.... Rhode Island White The Rhode Island White is a breed of chicken originating in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. Rhode Island Whites are a dual-purpose fowl suitable for both meat and egg production.... Winnebago (chicken) *An 19th century American chicken breed of unknown origin. Appears to have been a precursor to the modern Golden Wyandotte .In by John H. Robinson , the author states: In "Wyandottes: Silver, Golden, Black, and White" by Joseph Wallace, 1891, Joseph McKeen of Omro, Wisconsin, is quoted as denying that the Winnebagos had been bred a long t... Wyandotte (chicken) The Wyandotte is a breed of chicken originating in the United States. The first examples of the breed appeared in 1870s. Wyandottes are a docile, dual-purpose breed kept for both eggs and meat.... |
VietnamVietnam
Vietnam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam , is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east....
- Ga NoiGa Noi
The Ga Noi, or Ganoi, is a breed of chicken originating in Vietnam. Originally used for cockfighting, is a breed that fits the gamecock type, with an upright body and aggressive temperament....
By primary use
All chickens lay eggsEgg (food)
An egg is a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals, consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo and its nutrient reserves....
, have edible meat
Meat
In modern English usage, meat most often refers to animal biological tissue used as food, mostly skeletal muscle and associated fat, but it may also refer to offal, including livers, skin, brains, bone marrow, kidneys, in some countries lungs, and a variety of other internal organs as well as blood....
, and possess a unique appearance. However, distinct breeds are the result of selective breeding to emphasize certain traits. Any breed may technically be used for general agricultural purposes, and all breeds are shown to some degree. But each chicken breed is known for a primary use.
Eggs
Many breeds were selected and are used primarily for producing eggsEgg (food)
An egg is a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals, consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo and its nutrient reserves....
, these are mostly light-weight birds whose hens do not go broody often.
| Marans The Marans is a breed of chicken originating in France. It is a small breed compared to others, popular for poultry shows and its eggs, rather than for its meat.... Minorca Minorca is one of the Balearic Islands located in the Mediterranean Sea and belongs to Spain. It takes its name from being smaller than nearby island of Majorca.... Orloff (chicken) The Orloff is a breed of chicken named for Alexey Grigoryevich Orlov, a Russian Count. Reflecting this moniker, it is sometimes called the Russian Orloff or simply Russian.... Penedesenca The Penedesenca is a breed of chicken originating in the Spain province of Catalonia, in the area around Vilafranca del Pened?s, which is the main town in the region known as "Pened?s".... White-Faced Black Spanish The White-Faced Black Spanish is a Spain breed of chicken. They are thought to be the oldest breed of fowl in the Mediterranean class. The British have records dating back to 1572 referring to this chicken.... Welsummer Welsummer is a chicken breed originally from the small village of Welsum, in the east part of The Netherlands.It was bred from local fowls of mixed origin, Rhode Island Reds, Barnevelders, Leghorn , Cochin , and Wyandotte at the beginning of the 20th century.... |
Meat
Some breeds are preferred for meat alone, though the commercial broilerBroiler
A broiler is a type of chicken or Turkey raised specifically for meat production. Modern commercial broilers?largely Cornish-Rocks?are specially bred for meat production and grow much faster than egg breeds....
market is currently monopolized by the Cornish-Rock
Cornish-Rock
Cornish-Rock or Rock-Cornish is a hybrid variety of chicken produced from a cross of Cornish and Plymouth Rock . In most many places this variety has become the dominant animal used in the commercial meat production or broiler....
(a hybrid of the Cornish and Plymouth Rock). Many smaller farms and homesteads use dual-purpose breeds for meat production.
- BresseBresse (chicken)
The Bresse is a breed of chicken originating from the Bresse area of the Rhone-Alpes region of France.The birds are highly valued for their rich, gamey depth of flavour, yet with fine, tender flesh and delicious, clean-flowing fat.... - Indian Game (or Cornish Game)
- IxworthIxworth (chicken)
The Ixworth is a breed of chicken originating in the village of Ixworth in Suffolk, England. It is a dual-purpose fowl that comes in single, white-feathered variety....
Dual-purpose
The generalist breeds used in barnyards the world over are adaptable utility birds good at producing both meat and eggs. Though some may be slightly better for one of these purposes, they are usually called dual-purpose breeds.
| Jersey Giant The Jersey Giant is a breed of chicken originating in the United States. Named for their state of origin and their large size, Jersey Giants are one of the heaviest breeds of chickens.... Marsh Daisy (chicken) The Marsh Daisy is a rare breed of chicken originating in Lancashire, England. Its name may be related to its origin in a marsh-like area, or that its large rose Comb resembles the flower of the Marsh Daisy .... Naked Neck The Naked Neck is the only breed of chicken that is naturally devoid of feathers on its neck. Originating in Central Europe, the breed is also called the Transylvanian Naked Neck, as well as the Turken.... New Hampshire (chicken) The New Hampshire breed of chicken originated in the state of New Hampshire in the United States. Poultry farmers, starting with Rhode Island Reds and performing generation after generation of selective breeding, intensified the characteristics of early maturity, rapid full feathering, and production of large brown egg .... Norfolk Grey The Norfolk Grey is a breed of chicken that originated in the town of Norwich, in Norfolk, England. They were created by Fred Myhill before the First World War as utility birds under the name Black Marias.... Orpington (chicken) ||-||-||-||-||-|File:Buff Orpington.JPG|-||}The Orpington is a large bird from the England class of chickens. It is a bold, upright breed with a wide chest, broad back, and small head and tail.... Plymouth Rock (chicken) The Plymouth Rock, often called simply Rocks or Barred Rocks , is a chicken breed that originated in the United States. The Plymouth Rock is a dual-purpose, cold-hardy bird and therefore makes a great breed for the small farm or backyard flock owner.... Poltava (chicken) The Poltava is an old Ukraine dual-purpose list of chicken breeds of chicken named after the Ukrainian city of Poltava. It includes three color varieties: Clay, Cuckoo, and Black.... Rhode Island Red The Rhode Island Red is a breed of chicken . They are a utility bird, raised for meat and Egg , and also as show birds. They are a popular choice for backyard flocks because of their egg laying abilities and hardiness.... Rhode Island White The Rhode Island White is a breed of chicken originating in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. Rhode Island Whites are a dual-purpose fowl suitable for both meat and egg production.... Scots Dumpy The Scots Dumpy is a breed of chicken from Scotland. The moniker dumpy, meaning short and stout, refers the breed's thick-set appearance and extremely short legs.... Scots Grey The Scots Grey is a breed of chicken originating in Scotland. It is so named because of its striped plumage, which is called either Barred or Cuckoo by poultry enthusiasts.... Sussex (chicken) The Sussex chicken is a dual purpose breed that is a popular backyard chicken in many countries. They come in eight colours and have a bantam version at 1/4 size; the bantams may be any of the seven colours.... Winnebago (chicken) *An 19th century American chicken breed of unknown origin. Appears to have been a precursor to the modern Golden Wyandotte .In by John H. Robinson , the author states: In "Wyandottes: Silver, Golden, Black, and White" by Joseph Wallace, 1891, Joseph McKeen of Omro, Wisconsin, is quoted as denying that the Winnebagos had been bred a long t... Wyandotte (chicken) The Wyandotte is a breed of chicken originating in the United States. The first examples of the breed appeared in 1870s. Wyandottes are a docile, dual-purpose breed kept for both eggs and meat.... |
Exhibition
Since the 19th century, poultry fancyAnimal fancy
Animal fancy is a hobby involving the appreciation, promotion, and/or breeding of pet or domestic animals.Fancy may include pet and exotic pet ownership, showing, trialling and other competitions, selective breeding and judging....
, the breeding and competitive exhibition
Livestock show
A livestock show is an event where livestock animals are exhibited and judged on certain phenotype breed traits as specified by their respective Breed standard....
of poultry
Poultry
Poultry is the category of domesticated birds which some people keep for the purpose of collecting their egg , or kill for their meat and/or feathers....
as a hobby, has grown to be a huge influence on chicken breeds. Many breeds have always been kept for ornamental purposes, and others have been shifted from their original use to become first and foremost exhibition fowl, even if they may retain some inherent utility. Since the sport of cockfighting has been outlawed in the developed world, most breeds first developed for this purpose, called game
Gamecock
A gamecock is a type of rooster with physical and behavioral traits derived from breeding for cockfight. Gamecocks are usually much more territorial, have less prominent Comb and Wattle , and have hard feathering....
fowl, are now seen principally in the show ring rather than the cock pit.
| Key |
|---|
| U denotes a breed primarily used for exhibition, but which is still used for utility purposes. |
| G denotes a game breed. |
| Nankin (chicken) The Nankin is a Bantam breed of chicken. One of the true bantams, the breed is a naturally small fowl with no large counterpart from which it was miniaturized.... Old English Game The Old English Game Fowl is a breed of chicken. Pure English Game Fowls are prized among Poultry breeders and thus fetch a high sale price. English Game cocks are known for their aggressive nature and attractive appearance.... G Phoenix (chicken) The Phoenix is a breed of chicken originating in Japan. Its colour is an unusual combination of silver and black. Cocks have long tail feathers, reaching 5 Foot on average.... Polish (chicken) The Polish is an European breed of chicken known for its crest of feathers. The English language name of these birds is a misnomer, as they do not originate in the country of Poland.... U Rosecomb The Rosecomb is a breed of chicken named for its distinctive Cockscomb. Rosecombs are Bantam , and are among those known as true bantams, meaning they are not a miniaturized version of a large fowl.... Serama The Serama , also called the Malaysian Serama is a Bantam breed of chicken originating in Malaysia. They are relatively new outside Malaysia, having been recently imported to North America.Serama is also one of Malaysia trademark.... Silkie The Silkie is a breed of chicken named for its unique plumage, which is said to feel like silk. The breed has several other unusual qualities, such as dark blue flesh and bones, blue earlobes, and five toes on each foot .... Sultan (chicken) The Sultan is a breed of chicken originating in Turkey. Its English moniker is directly culled from the original Turkish language name of Serai-Tavuk, which translates as "fowls of the Sultan".... Sumatra (chicken) File:Blauwe sumatra.jpgThe Sumatra is a breed of chicken native of the island of Sumatra. Chickens were originally imported from Sumatra in 1847 to the U.S.... Vorwerk (chicken) The Vorwerk is a breed of chicken originating in Germany. Though it is unrelated to Vorwerk which produces the Vorwerk vacuum cleaner, it is the only chicken to share its name with a brand of household appliance.... U Yokohama (chicken) The Yokohama is a breed of chicken that originated in Germany in the 19th century. It was developed from the Japanese long-tailed breed called the Onagadori, and these ancestors of today's Yokohama were imported from Yokohama, Japan.... |
Bantams
Most large chicken breeds have a bantam counterpart, sometimes referred to as a miniature. Miniatures are usually one-fifth to one-quarter the size of the standard breed, but they are expected to exhibit all of the standard breed's characteristics. A true bantam has no large counterpart, and is naturally small. The true bantams include:- Belgian Bearded d'AnversBelgian Bearded d'Anvers
The Bearded d'Anvers is a breed of Bantam chicken from Belgium. Also called the Antwerp Belgian, both names refer to the breed's origin in Antwerp .... - Belgian Bearded d'UccleBelgian Bearded d'Uccle
The Belgian Bearded d'Uccle, or Barbu D'Uccle in French language, is a breed of Bantam chicken originating from the town of Uccle on the outskirts of Brussels, Belgium.... - Belgian d'EverbergBelgian d'Everberg
The Belgian d'Everberg is a breed of Bantam chicken from the Belgium village of Everberg in the Kortenberg municipality. Called the Barbu d'Everberg in the original French language, it is a tailless variant of the Belgian Bearded d'Uccle.... - Booted BantamBooted Bantam
The Booted Bantam, also called the Dutch Booted Bantam, is a Bantam breed of chicken. Its name is derived from the bird's extravagant feathering on the feet and hock joints, which are called vulture hocks or "sabels" in Dutch.... - Dutch BantamDutch Bantam
The Dutch Bantam is a breed of chicken originating in the Netherlands. It is also one of the Bantam #True bantams breeds, meaning it is a naturally small bird with no related large fowl from which it was miniaturized....
Nankin (chicken)
The Nankin is a Bantam breed of chicken. One of the true bantams, the breed is a naturally small fowl with no large counterpart from which it was miniaturized....
Rosecomb
The Rosecomb is a breed of chicken named for its distinctive Cockscomb. Rosecombs are Bantam , and are among those known as true bantams, meaning they are not a miniaturized version of a large fowl....
Serama
The Serama , also called the Malaysian Serama is a Bantam breed of chicken originating in Malaysia. They are relatively new outside Malaysia, having been recently imported to North America.Serama is also one of Malaysia trademark....
Silkie
The Silkie is a breed of chicken named for its unique plumage, which is said to feel like silk. The breed has several other unusual qualities, such as dark blue flesh and bones, blue earlobes, and five toes on each foot ....
Hybrids
Many common strains of cross-bred chickens exist, but none breed true or are recognized by poultry breed standardBreed standard
A breed standard in animal fancy and animal husbandry is a set of guidelines which is used to ensure that the animals produced by a Breeder or breeding facility conform to the specifics of the breed....
s. Thus, though they are extremely common in flocks focusing on high productivity, hybrids do not technically meet the definition of a breed
Breed
A breed is a group of Domestication with a Homogeneity appearance, behavior, and other characteristics that distinguish it from other animals of the same species....
. Most hybrid strains are sex linked, allowing for easy chick sexing
Chick sexing
Chick sexing is the method of distinguishing the sex of chicken and other hatchlings, usually by a trained person called a chick sexer or chicken sexer....
.
- Black Sex Link (also called Black Stars)
- Red Sex Link (also called Red Stars)
- ISA BrownISA Brown
The ISA Brown is a hybrid type of Sex Link chicken, which is the result of crossing Rhode Island Reds and Rhode Island Whites. The ISA Brown is a hybrid, not a true breed.... - Lohmann Brown
- Daisy BelleDaisy Belle
Daisy Belles are a hybrid breed of chicken developed from the Rhode Island Red and the Sussex . They are also known by other hybrid breeders as Pied Sussex, Merrydale Pied and etc.... - Cream LegbarCream Legbar
The Cream Legbar is a sex linked type of chicken. This means that you can tell the sex of the chick at hatch. The Cream Legbar originated as a cross between Brown Leghorns and Barred Rock with some Araucana blood in them.... - Cornish-RockCornish-Rock
Cornish-Rock or Rock-Cornish is a hybrid variety of chicken produced from a cross of Cornish and Plymouth Rock . In most many places this variety has become the dominant animal used in the commercial meat production or broiler....
See also
- List of birdsList of birds
A phylogenetic tree of the modern birds, based on a recent study. Note the Polytomy.This page lists living Order and Family of birds.... - List of duck breedsList of duck breeds
The domestic duck, like other poultry species, has many breeds. Most are derived from the wild Mallard, while a minority are descendants of the Muscovy Duck.... - List of goose breedsList of goose breeds
This list contains breeds of Domestic goose as well as species with semi-domestic populations. Goose breeds are usually grouped into 3 weight classes: Heavy, Medium and Light.... - List of turkey breedsList of turkey breeds
There are currently eight breeds of domestic turkeys recognized by the American Poultry Association, but many more exist as officially unrecognized variants....
Footnotes
External links
- at the University of OklahomaUniversity of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma, abbreviated OU, is a coeducational public university research university located in Norman, Oklahoma. Founded in 1890, it existed in Oklahoma Territory near Indian Territory for 17 years before the two became the state of Oklahoma....
Dept. of Animal Science website - at feathersite.com
- at mypetchicken.com