All Topics  
List of basic Iraq topics

 

 
   Email Print
   Bookmark   Link
 

 

List of basic Iraq topics
 
 
  Topics List of basic Iraq topics Topic Home

The Republic of Iraq (Arabic: ) is a country
Country

Country may refer to the territory of a state, or to a smaller, or former, political division of a geographical region. In another meaning of the word, the country is also a term used to refer to rural areas....
 in the Middle East
Middle East

File:GreaterMiddleEast1.pngThe Middle East is a region that spans southwestern Asia, western Asia, and northeastern Africa. It has no clear boundaries, often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East....
 and Southwest Asia
Southwest Asia

Southwest Asia or Southwestern Asia is the southwestern subregion of Asia. The term West Asia is sometimes used in the United Nations subregion geoscheme and in writings about the archeology and the late prehistory of the region....
. It spans most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range
Zagros Mountains

The Zagros , are the largest mountain range in Iran and Iraq. They have a total length of 1 500 km from western Iran, on the border with Iraq to the southern parts of the Persian Gulf....
, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert
Syrian Desert

The Syrian Desert , also known as the Syro-Arabian desert is a combination of steppe and true desert that is located in the northern Arabian Peninsula....
 and the northern part of the Arabian Desert
Arabian Desert

The Arabian Desert is a vast desert wilderness stretching from Yemen to the Persian Gulf and Oman to Jordan and Iraq. It occupies most of the Arabian Peninsula with an area of 2,330,000 square kilometers ....
. It shares borders with Kuwait
Kuwait

The State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed by Saudi Arabia to the south and Iraq to the north and west....
 and Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA , is an Arab country and the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south....
 to the south, Jordan
Jordan

Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
 to the west, Syria
Syria

Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
 to the northwest, Turkey
Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
 to the north, and Iran
Iran

Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran and formerly known internationally as Persian Empire until 1935, is a country in Central Eurasia, located on the northeastern shore of the Persian Gulf and the southern shore of the Caspian Sea....
 to the east.






Discussion
Ask a question about 'List of basic Iraq topics'
Start a new discussion about 'List of basic Iraq topics'
Answer questions from other users
Full Discussion Forum



Encyclopedia


Iraq 2004 Cia Map
The Republic of Iraq (Arabic: ) is a country
Country

Country may refer to the territory of a state, or to a smaller, or former, political division of a geographical region. In another meaning of the word, the country is also a term used to refer to rural areas....
 in the Middle East
Middle East

File:GreaterMiddleEast1.pngThe Middle East is a region that spans southwestern Asia, western Asia, and northeastern Africa. It has no clear boundaries, often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East....
 and Southwest Asia
Southwest Asia

Southwest Asia or Southwestern Asia is the southwestern subregion of Asia. The term West Asia is sometimes used in the United Nations subregion geoscheme and in writings about the archeology and the late prehistory of the region....
. It spans most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range
Zagros Mountains

The Zagros , are the largest mountain range in Iran and Iraq. They have a total length of 1 500 km from western Iran, on the border with Iraq to the southern parts of the Persian Gulf....
, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert
Syrian Desert

The Syrian Desert , also known as the Syro-Arabian desert is a combination of steppe and true desert that is located in the northern Arabian Peninsula....
 and the northern part of the Arabian Desert
Arabian Desert

The Arabian Desert is a vast desert wilderness stretching from Yemen to the Persian Gulf and Oman to Jordan and Iraq. It occupies most of the Arabian Peninsula with an area of 2,330,000 square kilometers ....
. It shares borders with Kuwait
Kuwait

The State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed by Saudi Arabia to the south and Iraq to the north and west....
 and Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA , is an Arab country and the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south....
 to the south, Jordan
Jordan

Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
 to the west, Syria
Syria

Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
 to the northwest, Turkey
Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
 to the north, and Iran
Iran

Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran and formerly known internationally as Persian Empire until 1935, is a country in Central Eurasia, located on the northeastern shore of the Persian Gulf and the southern shore of the Caspian Sea....
 to the east. It has a very narrow section of coastline at Umm Qasr
Umm Qasr

Umm Qasr , is a port city in southern Iraq. It stands on the canalised Khawr az-Zubayr, part of the Khawr Abd Allah estuary which leads to the Persian Gulf....
 on the Persian Gulf
Persian Gulf

The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region, is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. Historically and commonly known as the Persian Gulf, this body of water is sometimes Persian Gulf naming dispute referred to as the Arabian Gulf by certain Arab countries or simply The Gulf, although nei...
. There are two major flowing rivers: the Tigris
Tigris

The Tigris is the eastern member of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, along with the Euphrates, which flows from the mountains of southeastern Turkey through Iraq....
 and the Euphrates
Euphrates

The Euphrates is the western of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia which flows from Anatolia....
. These provide Iraq with agriculturally capable land and contrast with the desert landscape that covers most of Western Asia.

The capital city, Baghdad
Baghdad

Baghdad is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous. With a municipal population estimated at 6.5 million, it is the largest city in Iraq, and the second largest city in the Arab World....
, is in the center-east. Iraq's rich history
History of Iraq

This article includes an overview from prehistory to the present in the region of the current state of Iraq in Mesopotamia. ...
 dates back to ancient Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia is the area of the Tigris-Euphrates river system, along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, largely corresponding to modern Iraq, as well as some parts of northeastern Syria, some parts of southeastern Turkey, and some parts of the Khuzestan Province of southwestern Iran....
. The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers is identified as the cradle of civilization
Cradle of Civilization

The cradle of civilization is any of the possible locations for the emergence of civilization.It is usually applied to the Ancient Near Eastern Chalcolithic , especially in the Fertile Crescent , but also extended to sites in Anatolia and the Persian Plateau,...
 and the birthplace of writing
Writing

Writing is the representation of language in a textual Media through the use of a set of signs or symbols . It is distinguished from illustration, such as cave drawing and painting, and the recording of language via a non-textual medium such as Magnetic tape sound recording....
. During its long history, Iraq has been the center of the Akkad
Akkad

The Akkadian Empire was an empire centered in the city of Akkad Sumerian language: Agade KUR A.GA.D?KI "land of Akkad". ; Biblical Accad) and its surrounding region Akkadian URU Akkad KI in central Mesopotamia....
ian, Assyria
Assyria

Assyria was a political state centered on the Upper Tigris river, in Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times in history....
n, Babylonian
Neo-Babylonian Empire

The term Neo-Babylonian or Chaldean refers to Babylonia under the rule of the 11th dynasty, from the revolt of Nabopolassar in 626 BC until the invasion of Cyrus the Great in 539 BC, notably including the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II....
 and Abbasid
Abbasid

The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire. The Caliphate is one of the high points of Islam, and at the time Muslim civilization, together with that of Byzantium, China and India, was the most developed part of the world....
 empires, and part of the Achaemenid
Achaemenid Empire

The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire was amongst the first Persian Empires that ruled over significant portions of Greater Iran, and followed the Ancient Iranian peoples Median Empire....
, Macedonian
Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great , also known as Alexander III of Macedon was an ancient Greeks King of Macedon . He was one of the most successful military commanders of all time and is presumed undefeated in battle....
, Parthia
Parthia

Parthia is a region of north-eastern Iran, best known for having been the political and cultural base of the Arsacid dynasty, after which the Arsacid Empire is then also known as the 'Parthian Empire'....
n, Sassanid
Sassanid Empire

The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty is the name of the last pre-Islamic Iranian empire. It was one of the two main powers in Western Asia for a period of more than 400 years....
, Umayyad, Mongol
Ilkhanate

The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate or Il Khanate , was a Mongol khanate established in Persia in the 13th century, considered a part of the Mongol Empire....
, Ottoman
Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
, and British
British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, and other Dependent territory ruled or administered by the United Kingdom , that had originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries....
 empires.

Since an invasion in 2003
2003 invasion of Iraq

The 2003 invasion of Iraq, from March 20 to May 1, 2003, was spearheaded by the United States, backed by United Kingdom forces and smaller contingents from Australia, Spain, Poland and Denmark....
, a multinational coalition of forces, mainly American
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 and British
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
, has occupied Iraq. The invasion has had wide-reaching consequences: increased civil violence
Iraq War

The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, and Operation Iraqi Freedom, is an ongoing conflicts military campaign which began on March 20, 2003 with the 2003 invasion of Iraq by a Multinational force in Iraq now led by and composed almost entirely of troops from the United States and United King...
, political breakdown, the removal and execution
Execution of Saddam Hussein

The execution of Saddam Hussein took place on December 30, 2006. He was Capital punishment by hanging, after being found guilty and convicted of Crime against humanity by the Supreme Iraqi Criminal Tribunal for the murder of 148 Iraqi Shi'ites in the town of Dujail in 1982, in retaliation for an assassination attempt against him....
 of former authoritarian President Saddam Hussein
Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was the President of Iraq of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003.A leading member of the revolutionary Ba'ath Party, which espoused secular pan-Arabism, economic modernization, and Arab socialism, Saddam played a key role in the 1968 coup that brought the party to long-term power....
, and national problems in the development of political balance
Politics of Iraq

The politics of Iraq takes place in a framework of a more or less Federation Parliamentary system Representative democracy republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Iraq is the head of government, and of a multi-party system....
, economy
Economy of Iraq

Iraq's economy is dominated by the petroleum sector, which has traditionally provided about 95% of foreign exchange earnings. In the 1980s, financial problems caused by massive expenditures in the eight-year war with Iran and damage to oil export facilities by Iran led the government to implement austerity measures, borrow heavily, and later resche...
, infrastructure, and use of the country's huge reserves of oil
Oil reserves

Oil reserves are the estimated quantities of crude oil that are claimed to be recoverable under existing economic and business operations conditions....
. According to the 2007 Failed States Index
List of countries by Failed States Index

This is a list of countries by order of appearance in the Fund For Peace's Failed state Index. A failed state has several attributes. Common indicators include a state whose central government is so weak or ineffective that it has little practical control over much of its territory; non-provision of public services; widespread corruption and crimi...
, produced by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace's
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace is a formally private, nonprofit organization, in practice closely associated with the United States Department of State, many President of the United States, "numerous private foreign affairs groups" and the leaders of major US political parties....
 Foreign Policy
Foreign policy

A state's foreign policy, also called the international relations policy, is a set of goals outlining how the country will interact with other countries economically, politically, socially and militarily, and to a lesser extent, how the country will interact with non-state actors....
 magazine and the Fund for Peace
Fund for Peace

The Fund for Peace is an independent Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit research and educational organization. Since its founding in 1957 by investment banker Randolph Compton, The Fund for Peace has been dedicated to preventing war and alleviating the conditions that cause war....
, Iraq has recently emerged as the world's second most unstable country, after Sudan
Sudan

Sudan is a country in northeastern Africa. It is the largest in the African continent and the Arab World, and List of countries and outlying territories by total area by area....
. Under the control of the U.S. military, Iraq is developing a parliamentary democracy composed of 18 governorates
Governorates of Iraq

|||}Iraq is divided into 18 governorates :The current set of governorates was established in 1976.The governorates are divided into Qadaa ....
 (known as muhafadhat).

The following topic outline
Outline

An outline is a hierarchical way to display related items of text to graphically depict their relationships.They are often used by students for research papers....
 is provided as an overview of and introduction to Iraq:

General reference

  • Pronunciation
    International Phonetic Alphabet

    The International Phonetic Alphabet "The acronym 'IPA' strictly refers [...] to the 'International Phonetic Association'. But it is now such a common practice to use the acronym also to refer to the alphabet itself that resistance seems pedantic....
    :
  • Common English country name: Iraq
    Iraq

    Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
  • Official English country name: The Republic of Iraq
  • Common endonym(s):
    List of countries and capitals in native languages

    The following chart lists the countries of the world , along with their Capital cities, in English as well as in the country's wiktionary:native language and/or official language ....
  • Official endonym(s):
  • Adjectival(s): Iraqi
    Iraqi

    Iraqi may refer to:* Something of, from, or related to the country of Iraq* Iraqi people, persons from Iraq, or of Iraqi descent. For information about the Iraqi people, see Demographics of Iraq and Culture of Iraq....
  • Demonym(s):
  • Etymology
    Etymology

    Etymology is the study of the roots and history of words; and how their form and meaning have changed over time.In languages with a long detailed history, etymology makes use of philology, the study of how words change from culture to culture over time....
    : Name of Iraq
  • International rankings of Iraq
    • 58th largest country
      List of countries and outlying territories by total area

      This is a list of the Sovereignty of the world sorted by total area.For statistical purposes, dependent territories are listed separately from their sovereign state and are set off in italics....
    • 39th most populous country
      List of countries by population

      This is a list of Country ordered according to population. The list includes list of sovereign states and inhabited dependent territories.Areas that form integral parts of sovereign states, such as the countries of the United Kingdom, are counted as part of the sovereign states concerned....


Geography of Iraq

Main article: Geography of Iraq
Geography of Iraq

The geography of Iraq is diverse and falls into four main regions: the desert , the island plateau , the northern highlands of Iraqi Kurdistan, and the alluvial plain or el-'Iraq arabi at the head of the Persian Gulf....


  • Iraq is a: Country
    Country

    Country may refer to the territory of a state, or to a smaller, or former, political division of a geographical region. In another meaning of the word, the country is also a term used to refer to rural areas....
  • Location:
    • Northern Hemisphere
      Northern Hemisphere

      The Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planet that is north of the equator?the word sphere literally means 'half sphere'. It is also that half of the celestial sphere north of the celestial equator....
       and Eastern Hemisphere
      Eastern Hemisphere

      The Eastern Hemisphere, also Eastern hemisphere or eastern hemisphere, is a geography term for the half of the Earth that is east of the Prime Meridian and west of 180? longitude....
    • Eurasia
      Eurasia

      Eurasia is a large landmass covering about 53,990,000 km? or about 10.6% of the Earth's surface . Often considered a single continent, Eurasia comprises the traditional continents of Europe and Asia, concepts which date back to classical antiquity and the borders for which are somewhat arbitrary....
      • Asia
        Asia

        Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population....
        • Southwest Asia
          Southwest Asia

          Southwest Asia or Southwestern Asia is the southwestern subregion of Asia. The term West Asia is sometimes used in the United Nations subregion geoscheme and in writings about the archeology and the late prehistory of the region....
    • Middle East
      Middle East

      File:GreaterMiddleEast1.pngThe Middle East is a region that spans southwestern Asia, western Asia, and northeastern Africa. It has no clear boundaries, often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East....
      • Mesopotamia
        Mesopotamia

        Mesopotamia is the area of the Tigris-Euphrates river system, along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, largely corresponding to modern Iraq, as well as some parts of northeastern Syria, some parts of southeastern Turkey, and some parts of the Khuzestan Province of southwestern Iran....
    • Time zone
      Time zone

      A time zone is a region of the earth that has uniform standard time, usually referred to as the local time. By convention, time zones compute their local time as an offset from Coordinated Universal Time ....
      (s):
    • Extreme points of Iraq
  • Population of Iraq: 26,783,383 people (July 2006 estimate) - 39th most populous country
    List of countries by population

    This is a list of Country ordered according to population. The list includes list of sovereign states and inhabited dependent territories.Areas that form integral parts of sovereign states, such as the countries of the United Kingdom, are counted as part of the sovereign states concerned....
  • Area of Iraq: - 58th largest country
    List of countries and outlying territories by total area

    This is a list of the Sovereignty of the world sorted by total area.For statistical purposes, dependent territories are listed separately from their sovereign state and are set off in italics....
  • Atlas of Iraq


Environment of Iraq


  • Climate of Iraq
  • Ecology of Iraq
    • Ecoregions in Iraq
    • Renewable energy in Iraq
  • Geology of Iraq
  • Protected areas of Iraq
    • Biosphere reserves in Iraq: None
    • National parks of Iraq
  • Wildlife of Iraq
    Wildlife of Iraq

    The wildlife of Iraq includes its flora and fauna and their natural habitats. Iraq had lost all of its Asiatic Lion, Asiatic Cheetah and the now extinct Caspian Tigers by the earlier years of the twentieth century....
    • Flora of Iraq
    • Fauna of Iraq
      • Birds of Iraq
        List of birds of Iraq

        This is a list of the bird species recorded in Iraq. The avifauna of Iraq includes a total of 415 species, of which 2 have been Introduced species by humans, and 13 are rare or accidental....
      • Mammals of Iraq


Natural geographic features of Iraq
  • Fjords of Iraq: None
  • Glaciers of Iraq: None
  • Islands of Iraq
  • Lakes of Iraq
  • Mountains of Iraq
    • Volcanoes in Iraq
  • Rivers of Iraq
    • Waterfalls of Iraq
  • Valleys of Iraq
  • World Heritage Sites in Iraq
    List of World Heritage Sites in the Arab States

    This is a list of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage Sites in the Arab States. Some of these countries are geographically located in Asia and some in Africa....


Regions of Iraq

Main article: Regions of Iraq
Regions of Iraq

A Region of Iraq is a subdivision created by the Constitution of Iraq that was ratified in October 2005.Iraq's Federalism in Iraq affords any of the 18 provinces the opportunity to form an autonomous region via referendum....


Ecoregions of Iraq
Main article: Ecoregions of Iraq


Administrative divisions of Iraq
Main article: Administrative divisions of Iraq
Administrative divisions of Iraq

The main subdivision in Iraq is the 18 muhafazah, or Governorates. Before 1976 they were called Liwa s, or banner ).Under the Constitution of Iraq adopted in 2005, one or more governorates may elect to form a Regions of Iraq, which has the right to a share of oil revenues....


  • Regions of Iraq
    Regions of Iraq

    A Region of Iraq is a subdivision created by the Constitution of Iraq that was ratified in October 2005.Iraq's Federalism in Iraq affords any of the 18 provinces the opportunity to form an autonomous region via referendum....
    • Provinces of Iraq
      • Districts of Iraq
        Districts of Iraq

        Below the 18 governorates of Iraq, Iraq is divided into 111 districts .The district usually bears the same name as the district capital. The districts are also separated into sub-districts....
        • Municipalities of Iraq


Governorates of Iraq
Iraqnumberedregions
  1. Baghdad
    Baghdad

    Baghdad is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous. With a municipal population estimated at 6.5 million, it is the largest city in Iraq, and the second largest city in the Arab World....
     - Arab, Turkman, Kurdish
  2. Salah ad Din - Arab, Kurdish
  3. Diyala
    Diyala

    Diyala may refer to:* Diyala FC* Diyala Governorate* Diyala River...
     - Arab, Kurdish
  4. Wasit
    Wasit

    Wasit is a place in Wasit Governorate, south east of Kut in eastern Iraq....
     - Arab
  5. Maysan - Arab
  6. Al Basrah - Arab
  7. Dhi Qar - Arab
  8. Al Muthanna - Arab
  9. Al Qadisyah - Arab
  10. Babil - Arab
  11. Al Karbala - Arab
  12. An Najaf - Arab
  13. Al Anbar - Arab
  14. Ninawa - Arab, Assyrian, Kurdish
  15. Dahuk
    Dahuk

    Dahuk, Dohuk or Duhok may refer to:*Dahuk Governorate, a Governorates of Iraq in northern Iraq*Dahuk, Iraq, the capital city of the Iraqi governorate...
     - Kurdish
  16. Arbil
    Arbil

    Arbil is believed to be one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and is the third-largest city in Iraq after Baghdad and Mosul....
     - Kurdish
  17. At Ta'mim - Arab, Turkman, Kurdish
  18. As Sulaymaniyah
    As Sulaymaniyah Governorate

    As Sulaymaniyah province As part of the Iraq war, the province was occupied by US led coalition forces. On May 30, 2007, Sulaymaniyah was handed over to local Kurdish authorities by Coalition forces as part of a three province handover....
     - Kurdish


The constitutionally recognized Kurdistan Autonomous Region includes parts of a number of northern provinces, and is largely self-governing in internal affairs.

Districts of Iraq

Municipalities of Iraq

  • Cities of Iraq
    List of cities in Iraq

    Modern cities and townsReal population of the cities in Iraq in 2008NotesSee also* List of places in Iraq...
    • Capital of Iraq: Baghdad


Demography of Iraq

Main article: Demographics of Iraq
Demographics of Iraq

Iraqis are native people of Iraq and are the indigenous people of the land between the two rivers . The population was a non-Arabic language speaking people prior to the arrival of Islam from the Arabian Peninsula, but gradually adopted Arabic due to Arabic being the only language of the Quran ....


Government and politics of Iraq

Main article: Government of Iraq and Politics of Iraq
Politics of Iraq

The politics of Iraq takes place in a framework of a more or less Federation Parliamentary system Representative democracy republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Iraq is the head of government, and of a multi-party system....


  • Form of government
    Form of government

    A form of government is a term that refers to the set of political institutions by which a government of a state is organized in order to exert its powers over a body politic....
    :
  • Iraqi Interim Government
    Iraqi Interim Government

    The Iraqi Interim Government was created by the Multinational force in Iraq as a caretaker government to govern Iraq until the Iraqi Transitional Government was installed following the Iraqi National Assembly election, 2005 conducted on January 30, 2005....
  • Capital of Iraq: Baghdad


  • Elections in Iraq
    Elections in Iraq

    Elections in Iraq gives information on election and election results in politics of Iraq....
    • (specific elections)
  • Political parties in Iraq
    List of political parties in Iraq

    This article lists political party in Iraq.Iraq is a multi-party system. Parties are commonly grouped by ideology/ethnic affiliation and by the group with which they were listed on the ballot of the Iraqi National Assembly election, 2005....
  • Political scandals of Iraq
  • Provincial Iraqi Control
    Provincial Iraqi Control

    The objective of the Iraqi Government and Multinational force in Iraq is to achieve the transition of responsibility for each of the 18 provinces in Iraq from the Coalition to the Iraqi civil authorities, both national and local....
  • Reconstruction of Iraq
    Reconstruction of Iraq

    Reconstruction of Iraq describes attempts by the international community to improve and repair the infrastructure of Iraq in the aftermath of the 2003 invasion, when much was destroyed....
  • Taxation in Iraq


Branches of the government of Iraq


Executive branch of the government of Iraq
  • Head of state
    Head of State

    Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a monarchic or republican nation-state, federation, commonwealth or any other political state....
    : President of Iraq
    President of Iraq

    The President of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution." The President is elected by the Council of Representatives by a two-thirds majority, and...
    , Jalal Talabani
    Jalal Talabani

    Jalal Talabani is the current President of Iraq and a leading Kurds politician.Talabani is the founder and secretary general of one of the main Iraqi Kurdish people political parties, the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan ....
  • Head of government
    Head of government

    The head of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet . In a parliamentary system, the head of government is often styled Prime Minister, President of the Government, Premier, etc....
    : Prime Minister of Iraq
    Prime Minister of Iraq

    The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament....
    , Nouri al-Maliki
    Nouri al-Maliki

    Nouri Kamil Mohammed Hassan al-Maliki , also known as Jawad al-Maliki, is the Prime Minister of Iraq and the secretary-general of the Islamic Dawa Party....
  • Council of Ministers of Iraq
    Council of Ministers of Iraq

    The Cabinet of Iraq is the executive of the Government of Iraq, 2006-2010 of Iraq.The National Assembly of Iraq elects a President of Iraq who along with two deputies form the Presidency Council of Iraq....


Legislative branch of the government of Iraq

  • Council of Representatives of Iraq (unicameral
    Unicameralism

    Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or parliamentary chamber. Many countries with unicameral legislatures are often small and homogeneous unitary states and consider an upper house or second chamber unnecessary....
     parliament
    Parliament

    A parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modeled after that of the United Kingdom....
    )


Judicial branch of the government of Iraq

  • Supreme Court of Iraq
  • Central Criminal Court of Iraq
    Central Criminal Court of Iraq

    The Central Criminal Court of Iraq, or CCCI, is the main criminal law court of Iraq. The CCCI is based on an inquisitorial system and consists of two chambers: an investigative court and a criminal court....


Foreign relations of Iraq


  • Diplomatic missions of Iraq
    Diplomatic missions of Iraq

    File:Diplomatic missions of Iraq.pngIraq maintains a network of diplomatic missions abroad. While the country has re-opened its missions in Washington, London, Tehran and the capitals of other states it was previously hostile to, Iraq does not have diplomatic relations with Israel....
  • Iraqi diaspora
    Iraqi diaspora

    The Iraqi diaspora refers to native Iraqis who have left for other countries as emigrants or refugees, and is now one of the largest in modern times, being described by the UN as a "humanitarian crisis" largely due to the 2003 invasion of Iraq....
  • Iraqi security forces
    Iraqi Security Forces

    Iraqi Security Forces is the Multinational force in Iraq umbrella name for military, paramilitary and civilian law enforcement entities that serve under the Government of Iraq....
  • United States-Iraq relations


International organization membership

Iraq is a member of:
  • Arab League
    Arab League

    The Arab League , officially called the League of Arab States , is a regional organization of Arab states in Southwest Asia, and North Africa and Horn of Africa....
  • OPEC
    OPEC

    The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is a cartel of twelve countries made up of Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela....
  • United Nations
    United Nations

    The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, Social change, human rights and achieving world peace....


Law and order in Iraq

Main article: Law of Iraq
Law of Iraq

The Iraq's legal system is in a period of transition in light of the 2003 2003 invasion of Iraq and Reconstruction of Iraq that led to the fall of the Baath Party, and the current state of Civil war in Iraq and unrest....


  • Capital punishment in Iraq
    Capital punishment in Iraq

    Capital punishment in Iraq was commonly used by the government of Saddam Hussein.After the 2003 invasion of Iraq in 2003, the U.S. administrator, L....
  • Constitution of Iraq
    Constitution of Iraq

    The current constitution of Iraq was approved by a Iraqi constitution ratification vote, 2005 that took place on 15 October 2005. The constitution was drafted in 2005 by members of the Iraqi Constitutional Committee to replace the Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period ....
  • Crime in Iraq
  • Human rights in Iraq
    Human rights in Iraq

    The human rights situation in Iraq is separated into three separate articles:*Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq *Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq ...
    • LGBT rights in Iraq
    • Freedom of religion in Iraq
      Freedom of religion in Iraq

      Iraq is a constitutional democracy with a republican, federal, pluralistic system of government, consisting of 18 provinces or "governorates." Although the Constitution recognizes Islam as the official religion and states that no law may be enacted that contradicts the established provisions of Islam, it also guarantees freedom of thought, conscien...
  • Law enforcement in Iraq
    Law enforcement in Iraq

    During the regime of Saddam Hussein, Iraq?s law enforcement system was marked by corruption and inhumane practices. After the previous police force was completely disbanded, in 2003 a new Iraqi Police Service was established to act as a municipal law enforcement agency under the authority of the Ministry of Interior....
    • Iraqi Police
      Iraqi Police

      The Iraqi Police Service are the uniformed Territorial police force responsible for the Law enforcement of civil law within Iraq. The current organisation, structure and recruitment practice was guided by the Coalition Provisional Authority following the 2003 invasion of Iraq....


Military of Iraq

Main article: Military of Iraq


  • Command
    • Commander-in-chief
      Commander-in-Chief

      A commander-in-chief is the commander of a nation's military forces or significant element of those forces. In the latter case, the force element may be defined as those forces within a particular region or those forces which are associated by function....
      :
      • Ministry of Defence of Iraq
        Ministry of Defence (Iraq)

        The Ministry of Defence is the Politics of Iraq government agency responsible for Defence of Iraq with the internal security. It consists of the:...
  • Forces
    • Army of Iraq
    • Navy of Iraq
    • Air Force of Iraq
    • Special forces of Iraq
  • Military history of Iraq
    Military history of Iraq

    The military history of Iraq, due to a rich Archaeology record, is one of the longest in written human history. The region of Iraq, which used to be Mesopotamia, has been referred to as the "cradle of civilization", and wars of conquest have been recorded in this region as far back as the third millennium BC....
  • Military ranks of Iraq


Local government in Iraq


History of Iraq

Main article: History of Iraq
History of Iraq

This article includes an overview from prehistory to the present in the region of the current state of Iraq in Mesopotamia. ...
, Timeline of the history of Iraq, and Current events of Iraq


  • History by year: 2001
    2001 in Iraq

    See also: 2001, Iraq, Iraq disarmament crisis...
     • 2002
    2002 in Iraq

    See also: Iraq, Iraq disarmament crisis...
     • 2003
    2003 in Iraq

    See also: Iraq, Iraq disarmament crisis, 2003 invasion of Iraq, Occupation of Iraq. Civil war in Iraq...
     • 2004
    2004 in Iraq

    See also: Iraq, Occupation of Iraq, 2005 in Iraq, Civil war in Iraq...
     • 2005
    2005 in Iraq

    Events...
     • 2006
    2006 in Iraq

    There were a number of events in 2006 in Iraq.See also: 2006, Iraq, Iraqi insurgency, Iraq war...
     • 2007
    2007 in Iraq

    EventsJanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctober...
     • 2008
    2008 in Iraq

    Events...
  • Military history of Iraq
    Military history of Iraq

    The military history of Iraq, due to a rich Archaeology record, is one of the longest in written human history. The region of Iraq, which used to be Mesopotamia, has been referred to as the "cradle of civilization", and wars of conquest have been recorded in this region as far back as the third millennium BC....
    • Iraq and weapons of mass destruction
      Iraq and weapons of mass destruction

      This article concerns the Iraqi government's use, possession, and alleged intention of acquiring more types of weapons of mass destruction during the presidency of Saddam Hussein....
    • Iraq War
      Iraq War

      The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, and Operation Iraqi Freedom, is an ongoing conflicts military campaign which began on March 20, 2003 with the 2003 invasion of Iraq by a Multinational force in Iraq now led by and composed almost entirely of troops from the United States and United King...
      • 2003 invasion of Iraq
        2003 invasion of Iraq

        The 2003 invasion of Iraq, from March 20 to May 1, 2003, was spearheaded by the United States, backed by United Kingdom forces and smaller contingents from Australia, Spain, Poland and Denmark....
      • Occupation of Iraq timeline
        Occupation of Iraq timeline

        For events pre-May 1, 2003, see: 2003 Iraq war timeline.See also: 2003 in Iraq, 2004 in Iraq, 2005 in Iraq, 2006 in Iraq, 2007 in Iraq, 2008 in Iraq....
      • Casualties of the Iraq War
      • Iraqi insurgency
        Iraqi insurgency

        The Iraqi insurgency is composed of a diverse mix of militias, foreign fighters, all Iraqi units or mixtures using violent measures against the United States-led Multinational force in Iraq in Iraq and the post-2003 Iraqi government, or by propaganda or money supportive thereof....
        • History of Iraqi insurgency
          History of Iraqi insurgency

          This is a history of the Iraqi insurgency, compose of the history of the clandestine groups that compose the Iraqi insurgency.Ba'ath party are the supporters of Saddam Hussein's former regime including army or intelligence officers....
      • Rationale for the Iraq War
        Rationale for the Iraq War

        The rationale for the Iraq War has been a contentious issue since the George W. Bush administration began actively pressing for military intervention in Iraq in late 2001....
      • Terrorist attacks of the Iraq War
        Terrorist attacks of the Iraq War

        After the 2003 invasion of Iraq, insurgents, militias and Terrorism began launching attacks on both domestic and foreign military targets, as well as civilian targets....
      • Timeline of the Iraq War
  • Post-invasion Iraq, 2003–present


Culture of Iraq

Main article: Culture of Iraq
Culture of Iraq

Iraq has one of the world's oldest culture histories. Iraq is where the Mesopotamian civilization began, which went on to influence the European and Asian civilizations....


  • Architecture of Iraq
  • Cuisine of Iraq
  • Festivals in Iraq
  • Humor in Iraq
  • Languages of Iraq
    Languages of Iraq

    There are a number of languages spoken in Iraq, but Iraqi Arabic is by far the most widely spoken in the country....
  • Media in Iraq
  • National symbols of Iraq
    • Coat of arms of Iraq
      Coat of arms of Iraq

      File:Coat of arms of Iraq.svgThe coat of arms or state emblem of Iraq includes the golden eagle of Saladin associated with 20th-century pan-Arabism, bearing a shield of the Flag of Iraq, and holding a scroll below with the Arabic words ????????? ???????? ....
    • Flag of Iraq
      Flag of Iraq

      The flag of Iraq has had five different designs since the Kingdom of Iraq was established in 1921. The current flag was adopted in 2008 for a year and is intended to be an interim measure until a permanent solution to the flag issue is found....
    • National anthem of Iraq
  • People of Iraq
    • Ethnic minorities in Iraq
  • Prostitution in Iraq
    Prostitution in Iraq

    Prostitution in Iraq is illegal but prostitution used to be tolerated by the government before the war on Iraq 2003. Prostitution exists in Iraq in many cities....
  • Public holidays in Iraq
  • Records of Iraq
  • Religion in Iraq
    Religion in Iraq

    The major religion is Islam which is practiced by about 97% of Iraqis. The other 3% are Judaism, Christian, and other religions....
    • Buddhism in Iraq
    • Christianity in Iraq
      Christianity in Iraq

      The Christians of Iraq are considered a minority population, and number about 636,000 in 2005, representing 3% of the population of the country....
    • Hinduism in Iraq
    • Islam in Iraq
      Islam in Iraq

      The history of Islam in Iraq goes back several centuries to the lifetime of Muhammad ....
    • Judaism in Iraq
    • Sikhism in Iraq
  • World Heritage Sites in Iraq
    List of World Heritage Sites in the Arab States

    This is a list of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage Sites in the Arab States. Some of these countries are geographically located in Asia and some in Africa....


The Arts in Iraq

  • Art in Iraq
  • Cinema of Iraq
    Cinema of Iraq

    The Cinema of Iraq or Iraqi cinema has always been existent but went through a downfall under Saddam Hussein's regime, yet the development of film and film-going in Iraq reflects the drastic historical shifts that Iraq has experienced in the 20th century....
  • Literature of Iraq
  • Music of Iraq
    Music of Iraq

    The music of Iraq or Iraqi Music, belongs to the Arabic music of the Arab World but, for reasons of geographically proximity, it is also influenced by the Iranian music....
  • Television in Iraq
  • Theatre in Iraq


Sports in Iraq

Main article: Sports in Iraq


  • Most popular sport: Football (soccer)
    • Iraq Football Association
      Iraq Football Association

      The Iraqi Football Association is the governing body of football in Iraq, controlling the Iraq national football team and the Iraq Super League....
      • Iraq national football team
        Iraq national football team

        The Iraqi national football team is the national team of Iraq and is controlled by the Iraq Football Association. They are the reigning champions of the Asian Football Confederation ....
      • Iraq Super League
        Iraq Super League

        Dawri Al-Nokhba is the highest league in the league system of Iraqi football and currently contains the top 29 Iraqi football clubs. It is translated into English as "The Premier League"....


Economy of Iraq

Main article: Economy of Iraq
Economy of Iraq

Iraq's economy is dominated by the petroleum sector, which has traditionally provided about 95% of foreign exchange earnings. In the 1980s, financial problems caused by massive expenditures in the eight-year war with Iran and damage to oil export facilities by Iran led the government to implement austerity measures, borrow heavily, and later resche...


  • Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007)
    List of countries by GDP (nominal)

    This article includes a list of List of countries sorted by their gross domestic product , the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year....
    : 63rd (sixty-third)


  • Agriculture in Iraq
  • Banking in Iraq
    Banking in Iraq

    Banking in Iraq roots from the beginnings of last century.Iraq's two state-owned banks are the largest banks in Iraq....
  • Communications in Iraq
    Communications in Iraq

    This article describes the communication infrastructure of Iraq....
  • Companies of Iraq


  • Currency
    Currency

    A currency is a Medium of exchange, facilitating the trade of goods and/or Service s. It is coins and paper bills used as money. It is one form of money, where money is anything that serves as a medium of exchange, a store of value, and a standard of value....
     of Iraq: Iraqi dinar
    Iraqi dinar

    The dinar is the currency of Iraq. It is issued by the Central Bank of Iraq and is subdivided into 1,000 fils , although inflation has rendered the fils obsolete....
    • ISO 4217
      ISO 4217

      ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three-letter codes to define the names of currency established by the International Organization for Standardization ....
      : IQD


  • Economic history of Iraq
  • Energy policy of Iraq
  • Mining in Iraq
  • Oil industry in Iraq
  • Tourism in Iraq
  • Transport in Iraq
    Transport in Iraq

    Railways * See also Iraqi Republic Railways.total:2,032 kmstandard gauge:2,032 km 1.435-m gaugeFor more than two decades there have been plans for building a rapid transit system in Baghdad....


  • Iraq Stock Exchange
    Iraq Stock Exchange

    The Iraq Stock Exchange , formally the Baghdad Stock Exchange, is a stock exchange in Baghdad, Iraq.The Iraq Stock Exchange was incorporated and began operations in June 2004....


Education in Iraq

Main article: Education in Iraq
Education in Iraq

Education in Iraq is administered by the Ministry of Education .UNESCO reports that prior to the first Gulf War in 1991 Iraq had one of the best educational performances in the region....


Infrastructure of Iraq


  • Communications in Iraq
    Communications in Iraq

    This article describes the communication infrastructure of Iraq....
    • Internet in Iraq
    • Television in Iraq
  • Energy in Iraq
  • Health care in Iraq
  • Transportation in Iraq
    • Airports in Iraq
      List of airports in Iraq

      This is a list of airports in Iraq, grouped by type and sorted by location....
    • Ports of Iraq
    • Rail transport in Iraq
    • Roads in Iraq
  • Water supply and sanitation in Iraq


See also

  • List of basic geography topics
    List of basic geography topics

    Geography is the study of the earth and its features, inhabitants, and the phenomena. A literal translation would be "to describe or write about the Earth"....
  • List of international rankings
    List of international rankings

    Country specificSee: :Category:International rankings...
  • List of Iraq-related articles (alphabetical index)
  • List of Iraq-related topics
    List of Iraq-related topics

    Articles related to Iraq include:...
     (topical index}


External links


Government
  • Iraqi Presidency Website http://www.iraqipresidency.net
  • Iraqi Government Website http://www.cabinet.iq
  • Iraqi Parliament Website http://www.parliament.iq
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs http://www.mofa.gov.iq
  • Ministry of Defense http://www.iraqmod.org
  • Ministry of Oil http://www.oil.gov.iq
  • Ministry of Trade http://www.mot.gov.iq
  • Ministry of Industry http://www.industry.gov.iq
  • Ministry of Higher Education http://www.mohesr.gov.iq
  • (As of July 17 2006)


Overviews
  • [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/iz.html CIA World Factbook - Iraq]
  • includes Background Notes, Country Study and major reports
  • from Reuters AlertNet
    Reuters

    Reuters Group Limited is a United_Kingdom-based, Canadian controlled news agency and former financial market data provider that provides reports from around the world to newspapers and broadcasters....
  • from The Economist
    The Economist

    The Economist is an English-language weekly news and international relations publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd. and edited in London....


News
  • Daily News on Iraq
  • from Electronic Iraq
  • from the Financial Times
  • Independent news about Iraq
  • CNN story on Hussein's death sentence
    Death Sentence

    "Death Sentence" is a short story by the American science-fiction writer Isaac Asimov. It was first published in the November 1943 issue of Astounding Science Fiction and reprinted in the 1972 collection The Early Asimov....
  • Documentary series shot by an all-Iraqi crew. Tells the stories of three young people trying to survive in Baghdad.


Other
  • , a cultural resource on Iraq cities and locations
  • , a leading scholar and public intellectual
  • -- A series of exclusive interviews and other resources capturing the voices of Iraqis, aid workers
    Humanitarian aid

    Humanitarian aid is material or logistical assistance provided for humanitarianism purposes, typically in response to humanitarian crisis. The primary objective of humanitarian aid is to save lives, alleviate suffering, and maintain human dignity....
    , military personnel
    Soldier

    A soldier is a general English term that refers to a land component of national armed forces.In most societies of the world, "soldier" is also a general term for any member of the land forces including Commissioned officer and non-commissioned officers....
     and others who have spent significant time on-the-ground in Iraq.*
  • -- A Washington DC-based nonprofit organization
    Non-profit organization

    A nonprofit organization is any organization that does not aim to make a profit, and which is not a public body....
     promoting a free and secure Iraq
  • - Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
  • Now-defunct occupation authority; site is archived
  • from the University of Pittsburgh’s Jurist project
  • - (546 kilobyte PDF file)
  • (WWII U.S. Military Guide)