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The Islamic Republic of Iran, known as Persia
Persian Empire

The 'Persian Empire' was a series of successive Iranian or Persianization empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland, and beyond in Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia and the Caucasus....
 until 1935, is a country in the Middle East
Middle East

File:GreaterMiddleEast1.pngThe Middle East is a region that spans southwestern Asia, western Asia, and northeastern Africa. It has no clear boundaries, often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East....
 and Southwest Asia
Southwest Asia

Southwest Asia or Southwestern Asia is the southwestern subregion of Asia. The term West Asia is sometimes used in the United Nations subregion geoscheme and in writings about the archeology and the late prehistory of the region....
. Iran is bounded by the Gulf of Oman
Gulf of Oman

The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Oman , or Gulf of Makran , is a strait that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz, which then runs to the Persian Gulf....
 and the Persian Gulf
Persian Gulf

The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region, is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. Historically and commonly known as the Persian Gulf, this body of water is sometimes Persian Gulf naming dispute referred to as the Arabian Gulf by certain Arab countries or simply The Gulf, although nei...
 to the south and the Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the List of lakes by area or a full-fledged sea. It has a surface area of 371,000 square kilometers and a volume of 78,200 cubic kilometers ....
 to its north. Shi'a Islam
Shi'a Islam

Shia Islam , is the second largest denomination of Islam, after Sunni Islam.Similiar to other branches of Islam, Shi'a Islam is based on the teachings of Islamic holy book, the Qur'an and message of the final prophet of Islam, Muhammad....
 is the official religion, and Persian
Persian language

name=Persian|nativename=|pronunciation=[f??r'si]|image=|caption=Farsi in Perso-Arabic script |states= Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Bahrain....
 is the official language. The 18th largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 km², Iran has a population of over seventy million. Iran borders Armenia
Armenia

Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in South Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea....
, Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan , is the largest and most populous country in the South Caucasus, located partially in Eastern Europe and partially in Western Asia....
, Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan is a Turkic peoples country in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic ....
 to the north, Afghanistan
Afghanistan

Afghanistan , officially the Islamic republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country that is located approximately in the center of Asia....
 and Pakistan
Pakistan

Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia and borders Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046 kilometre coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and People's Republic of China in th...
 to the east, and Turkey
Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
 and Iraq
Iraq

Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
 to the west.






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The Islamic Republic of Iran, known as Persia
Persian Empire

The 'Persian Empire' was a series of successive Iranian or Persianization empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland, and beyond in Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia and the Caucasus....
 until 1935, is a country in the Middle East
Middle East

File:GreaterMiddleEast1.pngThe Middle East is a region that spans southwestern Asia, western Asia, and northeastern Africa. It has no clear boundaries, often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East....
 and Southwest Asia
Southwest Asia

Southwest Asia or Southwestern Asia is the southwestern subregion of Asia. The term West Asia is sometimes used in the United Nations subregion geoscheme and in writings about the archeology and the late prehistory of the region....
. Iran is bounded by the Gulf of Oman
Gulf of Oman

The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Oman , or Gulf of Makran , is a strait that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz, which then runs to the Persian Gulf....
 and the Persian Gulf
Persian Gulf

The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region, is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. Historically and commonly known as the Persian Gulf, this body of water is sometimes Persian Gulf naming dispute referred to as the Arabian Gulf by certain Arab countries or simply The Gulf, although nei...
 to the south and the Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the List of lakes by area or a full-fledged sea. It has a surface area of 371,000 square kilometers and a volume of 78,200 cubic kilometers ....
 to its north. Shi'a Islam
Shi'a Islam

Shia Islam , is the second largest denomination of Islam, after Sunni Islam.Similiar to other branches of Islam, Shi'a Islam is based on the teachings of Islamic holy book, the Qur'an and message of the final prophet of Islam, Muhammad....
 is the official religion, and Persian
Persian language

name=Persian|nativename=|pronunciation=[f??r'si]|image=|caption=Farsi in Perso-Arabic script |states= Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Bahrain....
 is the official language. The 18th largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 km², Iran has a population of over seventy million. Iran borders Armenia
Armenia

Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in South Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea....
, Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan , is the largest and most populous country in the South Caucasus, located partially in Eastern Europe and partially in Western Asia....
, Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan is a Turkic peoples country in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic ....
 to the north, Afghanistan
Afghanistan

Afghanistan , officially the Islamic republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country that is located approximately in the center of Asia....
 and Pakistan
Pakistan

Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia and borders Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046 kilometre coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and People's Republic of China in th...
 to the east, and Turkey
Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
 and Iraq
Iraq

Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
 to the west. Being a littoral
Littoral

In coastal environments and biomes, the littoral zone extends from the high water mark, which is rarely inundated, to shoreline areas that are permanently submerged....
 state of the Caspian sea (an internal sea and condominium
Condominium (international law)

In international law, a condominium is a political territory in or over which two or more sovereign powers formally agree to share equally dominium and exercise their rights jointly, without dividing it up into 'national' zones....
), also Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a large Eurasian country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the List of countries by area as well as the world's largest landlocked country, it has a territory of 2,727,300 km? ....
 and Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
 are Iran's direct neighbours.

Iran is home to one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with historical and urban settlements dating back to 4000 BC. Throughout history, Iran has been of geostrategic
Geostrategy

Geostrategy, a subfield of geopolitics, is a type of foreign policy guided principally by geography factors as they inform, constrain, or affect political and military planning....
 importance because of its central location in Eurasia
Eurasia

Eurasia is a large landmass covering about 53,990,000 km? or about 10.6% of the Earth's surface . Often considered a single continent, Eurasia comprises the traditional continents of Europe and Asia, concepts which date back to classical antiquity and the borders for which are somewhat arbitrary....
 and is a regional power
Regional power

In international relations, a regional power is a state that has Power within a Geography region....
. The political system of Iran, based on the 1979 Constitution
Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran

The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran was adopted by referendum on October 24, 1979, and went into force on December 3 of that year, replacing the Iran Constitution of 1906....
, comprises several intricately connected governing bodies. The highest state authority is the Supreme Leader
Supreme Leader of Iran

"Supreme Leader" redirects here. This article is about Iran's leader. For Soviet Union's leader, see; General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union....
, currently Ayatollah
Ayatollah

Ayatollah is a high ranking title given to Usuli Twelver Shia Islam clergy. Those who carry the title are experts in Islamic studies such as jurisprudence, ethics, and philosophy and usually teach in Hawza....
 Ali Khamenei
Ali Khamenei

Grand Ayatollah Sayyid , also known as Ali Khamenei, is an Iranian politician and cleric. He has been Supreme Leader of Iran of Iran since 1989 and before that was president of Iran from 1981 to 1989....
.

Iran occupies an important position in international energy security and world economy as a result of its large reserves of petroleum
Petroleum

Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid found in rock formations in the Earth consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, plus other organic compounds....
 and natural gas
Natural gas

Natural gas is a gas consisting primarily of methane. It is found associated with fossil fuels, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes, bogs, and landfills....
. The name Iran is a cognate
Cognate

Cognates in linguistics are words that have a common etymology origin.An example of cognates within the same language would be English shirt vs....
 of Aryan, and means "Land of the Aryans". "Land of Kindness" (?????? ???) is used as an alternative name for Iran in Persian literature
Persian literature

Persian literature spans two and a half millennia, though much of the pre-Islamic material has been lost. Its sources has been within historical greater Iran including present-day Iran as well as reigions of Central Asia where the Persian language has been the national language through history....
 and Iranian media
Iranian media

The Media of Iran are privately and publicly owned but subject to the control of the government, which engages in one of the world's largest and most strict Censorship in Irans to limit the availability of information, influences of western culture, and anything seen as divergent from the country's strict religious regulations....
.

The following topic outline
Outline

An outline is a hierarchical way to display related items of text to graphically depict their relationships.They are often used by students for research papers....
 is provided as an overview of and introduction to Iran:

Please be reminded that many of the red-linked articles might exist already with slightly different titles.

General reference

  • Pronunciation
    International Phonetic Alphabet

    The International Phonetic Alphabet "The acronym 'IPA' strictly refers [...] to the 'International Phonetic Association'. But it is now such a common practice to use the acronym also to refer to the alphabet itself that resistance seems pedantic....
    :
  • Common English country name: Iran
    Iran

    Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran and formerly known internationally as Persian Empire until 1935, is a country in Central Eurasia, located on the northeastern shore of the Persian Gulf and the southern shore of the Caspian Sea....
  • Official English country name: The Islamic Republic of Iran
  • Common endonym(s):
    List of countries and capitals in native languages

    The following chart lists the countries of the world , along with their Capital cities, in English as well as in the country's wiktionary:native language and/or official language ....
  • Official endonym(s):
  • Adjectival(s): Iranian
    Iranian

    Iranian is of, from, or related to Iran, a country in the Middle East.* Iranians, persons from Iran, or of Iranian descent. For more information about the Iranian people, see Demographics of Iran and Culture of Iran....
  • Demonym(s):
  • Etymology
    Etymology

    Etymology is the study of the roots and history of words; and how their form and meaning have changed over time.In languages with a long detailed history, etymology makes use of philology, the study of how words change from culture to culture over time....
    : Name of Iran
  • International rankings of Iran
    International rankings of Iran

    The following are List of international rankings of ....
    • 18th largest country
      List of countries and outlying territories by total area

      This is a list of the Sovereignty of the world sorted by total area.For statistical purposes, dependent territories are listed separately from their sovereign state and are set off in italics....
    • 17th most populous country
      List of countries by population

      This is a list of Country ordered according to population. The list includes list of sovereign states and inhabited dependent territories.Areas that form integral parts of sovereign states, such as the countries of the United Kingdom, are counted as part of the sovereign states concerned....


Geography of Iran

Main article: Geography of Iran
Geography of Iran

Iran is located in southwest Asia and borders the Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf, and Caspian Sea between Iraq and Afghanistan.Its mountains have helped to shape both the political and the economic history of the country for several centuries....


  • Iran is: a country
    Country

    Country may refer to the territory of a state, or to a smaller, or former, political division of a geographical region. In another meaning of the word, the country is also a term used to refer to rural areas....
  • Location:
    • Northern Hemisphere
      Northern Hemisphere

      The Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planet that is north of the equator?the word sphere literally means 'half sphere'. It is also that half of the celestial sphere north of the celestial equator....
       and Eastern Hemisphere
      Eastern Hemisphere

      The Eastern Hemisphere, also Eastern hemisphere or eastern hemisphere, is a geography term for the half of the Earth that is east of the Prime Meridian and west of 180? longitude....
    • Eurasia
      Eurasia

      Eurasia is a large landmass covering about 53,990,000 km? or about 10.6% of the Earth's surface . Often considered a single continent, Eurasia comprises the traditional continents of Europe and Asia, concepts which date back to classical antiquity and the borders for which are somewhat arbitrary....
      • Asia
        Asia

        Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population....
        • Southwest Asia
          Southwest Asia

          Southwest Asia or Southwestern Asia is the southwestern subregion of Asia. The term West Asia is sometimes used in the United Nations subregion geoscheme and in writings about the archeology and the late prehistory of the region....
      • Middle East
        Middle East

        File:GreaterMiddleEast1.pngThe Middle East is a region that spans southwestern Asia, western Asia, and northeastern Africa. It has no clear boundaries, often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East....
        • Iranian plateau
          Iranian plateau

          The Iranian plateau, also known as the Persian plateau is a geological formation in Southwest Asia, Southern Asia and the Caucasus region....
    • Time zone
      Time zone

      A time zone is a region of the earth that has uniform standard time, usually referred to as the local time. By convention, time zones compute their local time as an offset from Coordinated Universal Time ....
      (s):
    • Extreme points of Iran
      Extreme points of Iran

      Here is a list of the extreme points and extreme elevations in Iran.Towns, cities, and Islands*Northernmost — Tikemeh-ye-Bala, West Azarbaijan ...
  • Population of Iran: 70,049,262 people (2006 estimate) - 17th most populous country
    List of countries by population

    This is a list of Country ordered according to population. The list includes list of sovereign states and inhabited dependent territories.Areas that form integral parts of sovereign states, such as the countries of the United Kingdom, are counted as part of the sovereign states concerned....
  • Area of Iran: - 18th largest country
    List of countries and outlying territories by total area

    This is a list of the Sovereignty of the world sorted by total area.For statistical purposes, dependent territories are listed separately from their sovereign state and are set off in italics....
  • Atlas of Iran


Environment of Iran


  • Climate of Iran
  • Ecology of Iran
    • Ecoregions in Iran
    • Renewable energy in Iran
  • Geology of Iran
    • Earthquakes in Iran
      Earthquakes in Iran

      Iran is one of the most seismically active countries in the world, being crossed by several major fault lines that cover at least 90% of the country. As a result, earthquakes in Iran occur often and are destructive....
  • Protected areas of Iran
    • Biosphere reserves in Iran
      List of biosphere reserves in Iran

      This is a complete list of Biosphere Reserves in Iran.* Arasbaran, 1976* Arjan, 1976* Geno, 1976* Golestan, 1976* Hara forests, 1976* Kavir National Park, 1976...
    • National parks of Iran
  • Wildlife of Iran
    Wildlife of Iran

    Wildlife of Iran includes its flora and fauna and their natural habitats. One of the most famous members of wildlife in Iran are the world's last surviving, critically endangered Asiatic Cheetah also known as the Iranian Cheetah, which are today found nowhere else but in Iran....
    • Flora of Iran
    • Fauna of Iran
      • Birds of Iran
        List of birds of Iran

        This is a list of the bird species recorded in Iran. The avifauna of Iran includes a total of 527 species, of which 2 are Endemism in birds, 3 have been Introduced species by humans, and 14 are rare or accidental....
      • Mammals of Iran


Natural geographic features of Iran
  • Fjords of Iran: None
  • Glaciers of Iran: None
  • Islands of Iran
    List of islands of Iran

    This is a list of Iran's islands:...
  • Lakes of Iran
  • Mountains of Iran
    • Volcanoes in Iran
      List of volcanoes in Iran

      This is a list of active and extinct volcanoes in Iran.References ...
  • Rivers of Iran
    • Waterfalls of Iran
  • Valleys of Iran
  • World Heritage Sites in Iran
    List of World Heritage Sites in Asia and Australasia

    This is a list of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage Sites in Asia, Australia and the Oceanian part of the Pacific Ocean....


Regions of Iran


Ecoregions of Iran
Main article: Ecoregions in Iran


Administrative divisions of Iran
Main article: Administrative divisions of Iran


  • Provinces of Iran
    Provinces of Iran

    Iran is subdivided into thirty provinces , each governed from a local center, usually the largest local city, which is called the capital of that province....
    • Counties of Iran
      Counties of Iran

      The Provinces of Iran of Iran further subdivided into counties called shahrestan , an area inside an ostan , and consists of a city centre, few bakhsh and many villages around them....
      • Municipalities of Iran


Provinces of Iran

Counties of Iran

Municipalities of Iran

  • Cities of Iran
    • Capital of Iran: Tehran


Demography of Iran

Main article: Demographics of Iran
Demographics of Iran

Iran's population was declared 70,049,262 in the 2006 census, with nearly one quarter of its people being 15 years of age or younger. Iran is also ethnically and linguistically diverse, with some cities, such as Tehran, bringing various ethnic groups together....


Government and politics of Iran

Main article: Government of Iran and Politics of Iran
Politics of Iran

The politics of Iran takes place in the framework Islamic theocracy. The December 1979 constitution, and its 1989 amendment, define the political, economic, and social order of the Islamic Republic of Iran....


  • Form of government
    Form of government

    A form of government is a term that refers to the set of political institutions by which a government of a state is organized in order to exert its powers over a body politic....
    : Islamic
    Islamism

    Islamism is a set of Ideologies of parties holding that Islam is not only a religion but also a political system; that modern Muslims must Islamic fundamentalism, and unite politically....
     republic
    Republic

    A republic is a state or country that is not led by a hereditary monarch but in which the people have an impact on its government. The word originates from the Latin term res publica....
  • Capital of Iran: Tehran


  • Elections in Iran
    Elections in Iran

    Iran elects on national level a head of government , a legislature , and an "Assembly of Experts" . Also City and Village Councils of Iran elections are held every 4 years throughout the country....
    • (specific elections)
  • Political parties in Iran
    List of political parties in Iran

    Political parties in Iran gives information on the political party in politics of Iran.Iran has regular presidential and parliamentary elections in Iran....
  • Political scandals of Iran
  • Taxation in Iran


Branches of the government of Iran


Executive branch of the government of Iran
  • Assembly of Experts
    Assembly of Experts

    The Assembly of Experts of Iran , is a deliberative body of 86 Mujtahids that is charged with electing the Supreme Leader of Iran and supervising his activities....
    • Elects the Supreme Leader
    • Has the constitutional authority to remove the Supreme Leader from power at any time
    • Supervises the Supreme Leader in the performance of legal duties
  • Head of state
    Head of State

    Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a monarchic or republican nation-state, federation, commonwealth or any other political state....
    : Supreme Leader of Iran
    Supreme Leader of Iran

    "Supreme Leader" redirects here. This article is about Iran's leader. For Soviet Union's leader, see; General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union....
    , Ali Khamenei
    Ali Khamenei

    Grand Ayatollah Sayyid , also known as Ali Khamenei, is an Iranian politician and cleric. He has been Supreme Leader of Iran of Iran since 1989 and before that was president of Iran from 1981 to 1989....
  • Head of government
    Head of government

    The head of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet . In a parliamentary system, the head of government is often styled Prime Minister, President of the Government, Premier, etc....
    : President of Iran
    President of Iran

    The President of Iran is the highest elected official in the Islamic Republic of Iran, second only to the Supreme Leader of Iran. According to the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran the president is responsible for the "functions of the executive", such as signing treaties, agreements etc....
    , Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
    Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

    Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is the sixth and current President of Iran of the Islamic Republic of Iran. He became president on August 6, 2005, after winning the Iranian presidential election, 2005....
  • Vice President of Iran
    Vice President of Iran

    Vice President of Iran is defined by article 124 of the Iranian constitution, as anyone appointed by the President of Iran to lead an organization related to the Presidential affairs....
     - anyone appointed by the President
    President of Iran

    The President of Iran is the highest elected official in the Islamic Republic of Iran, second only to the Supreme Leader of Iran. According to the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran the president is responsible for the "functions of the executive", such as signing treaties, agreements etc....
     to lead an organization related to Presidential affairs. There are currently 10 Vice Presidents in Iran:
    1. First Vice President, Parviz Dawoodi
    2. Vice President and Head of Atomic Energy Organization, Gholam Reza Aghazadeh
      Gholam Reza Aghazadeh

      Gholam Reza Aghazadeh is the Vice President of Iran of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the president of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran....
    3. Vice President and Head of Environmental Protection Organization, Fatemeh Javadi
      Fatemeh Javadi

      Fatemeh Javadi is a conservative Iranian politician and one of current Vice President of Iran of Iran. She is the niece of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli....
    4. Vice President and Head of Management and Planning Organization, Farhad Rahbar
      Farhad Rahbar

      Dr Farhad Rahbar is an Iranian economist.Rahbar was a vice president of Iran and head of Management and Planning Organisation of Iran. As of February 2008, he is the president of Tehran University, replacing Ayatollah Amid Zanjani....
    5. Vice President for Executive Affairs, Ali Saeedlou
    6. Vice President and Head of National Sports Organization, Mohammad Aliabadi
    7. Vice President for Legal and Parliamentary Affairs, Ahmad Mousavi
    8. Vice President and Head of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs Foundation, Hossein Dehghan
    9. Vice President and Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization Chief, Esfandyar Rahim Moshaei
    10. Vice President and Head of Youth National Organization, Mohammad Javad Ali Akbari
  • Council of Ministers of Iran
    1. Minister of Agricultural Jihad, Mohammad Reza Eskandari
      Mohammad Reza Eskandari

      Mohammad Reza Eskandari is the Minister of Agriculture of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In 2009 he signed an open letter of apology posted to Iranian.com along with 266 other Iranian academics, writers, artists, journalists about the Persecution of Bah?'?s....
    2. Minister of Commerce, Masoud Mirkazemi
    3. Minister of Communication and Information Technology, Mohammad Soleimani
      Mohammad Soleimani

      Mohammad Soleimani is Iran's Minister of Communication and Information Technology and formerly the Iranian ambassador to Mali....
    4. Minister of Cooperatives, Mohammad Abbasi
    5. Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance, Mohammad Hossein Saffar Harandi
      Mohammad Hossein Saffar Harandi

      Mohammad-Hossein Saffar-Harandi is the new Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance of Iran. He was born in Tehran in 1953 and graduated from the Iran University of Science and Technology in civil engineering in 1973....
    6. Minister of Defense and Logistics, Mostafa Mohammad-Najjar
      Mostafa Mohammad-Najjar

      Mostafa Mohammad Najjar is the defense minister of Iran. He is a veteran of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps since the establishment of the body in 1980, where he was in charge of the Middle East Department, with Israel, Lebanon and the Persian Gulf as places of particular attention....
    7. Minister of Economy and Finance Affairs, Davoud Danesh-Jafari
      Davoud Danesh-Jafari

      Davoud Danesh-Jafari was the Minister of Economy and Finance Affairs of Iran.Since 2006, he has been involved in plans to create the Iranian Oil Bourse, a commodity exchange for oil and oil byproducts, which would trade mostly in the Iranian rial and other major currencies...
    8. Minister of Education, Mahmoud Farshidi
      Mahmoud Farshidi

      Mahmoud Farshidi is the current Minister of Education of Iran. He was nominated for the post on the 2 November 2005 by president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad....
    9. Minister of Energy, Parviz Fattah
      Parviz Fattah

      Parviz Fattah is an Iranian politician, former member of Revolutionary Guard and Iran's Minister of Energy in Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's cabinet.Born in Urmia in 1961, he has a Masters degree in Systems Engineering from Imam Husein University in Tehran....
    10. Minister of Foreign Affairs, Manouchehr Mottaki
      Manouchehr Mottaki

      Manouchehr Mottaki is the Iranian Minister of Foreign Affairs appointed by President of Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. During the Iranian presidential election, 2005, he was the campaign manager of Ali Larijani, the Right-wing politics-Conservatism candidate....
    11. Minister of Health and Medical Education, Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
      Kamran Bagheri Lankarani

      Kamran Bagheri Lankarani M.D., is Iran's Minister of Health and Medical Education.Born in 1965, he finished medical school at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, and attained an advanced fellowship degree in Medicine from the same university....
    12. Minister of Housing and Urban Development, Mohammad Saeedikia
    13. Minister of Industries and Mines Supervisor, Ali Akbar Mehrabian
    14. Minister of Intelligence and National Security, Gholam Hossein Mohseni-Ejehei
      Gholam Hossein Mohseni-Ejehei

      Hojjatol-Islam Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Ejeie is the current head of the Ministry of Intelligence , also known as SAVAMA or VEVAK and was appointed by the current president of Iran, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, on August 24, 2005....
    15. Minister of Interior
      Ministry of Interior (Iran)

      The Ministry of Interior of the Islamic Republic of Iran is in charge of performing, supervising and reporting elections, and police, among other responsibilities related to the interior....
      , Mostafa Pour Mohammadi
    16. Minister of Justice
      Ministry of Justice (Iran)

      Minister of Justice of the Islamic Republic of Iran is responsible for prosecution the government cases. In other words, the justice minister is the attorney-general of the country....
      , Gholamhossein Elham
    17. Minister of Labour and Social Affairs, Mohammad Jahromi
    18. Minister of Petroleum
      Ministry of Petroleum of Iran

      The Iranian constitution prohibits the granting of petroleum rights on a concessionary basis or direct equity stake. However, the 1987 Petroleum Law permits the establishment of contracts between the Ministry of Petroleum, state companies and "local and foreign national persons and legal entities." Buyback contracts, for instance, are arrange...
      , Gholamhossein Nozari
    19. Minister of Roads and Transportation, Mohammad Rahmati
    20. Minister of Science, Research, and Technology, Mohammad Mehdi Zahedi
      Mohammad Mehdi Zahedi

      Mohammad Mehdi Zahedi is an Iranian politician and the minister of science and technology in Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's cabinet.He was approved by Iran's parliament with the least number of supporting votes possible....
    21. Minister of Welfare and Social Security, Abdolhossein Mesri


Legislative branch of the government of Iran

  • Majlis of Iran
    Majlis of Iran

    The Majlis of Iran , also called The Iranian Parliament, is the national legislative body of Iran. The Majlis currently has 290 representatives, changed from the previous 270 seats since the February 18, 2000 election....
     (unicameral parliament
    Parliament

    A parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modeled after that of the United Kingdom....
    )
    • drafts legislation
    • ratifies international treaties
    • approves the national budget
  • Guardian Council
    Guardian Council

    The Guardian Council of the Constitution , or Guardian Council and also Council of Guardians is an appointed and Constitution of Iran-mandated 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran....
    • 12 members
      • 6 appointed by the Supreme Leader
      • 6 elected by the Majlis
    • Powers and responsibilities:
      • Supervises elections
      • Approves or rejects candidates for President, Majlis, and the Assembly of Experts
      • Reviews all bills passed by the Majlis for constitutionality and compatibility with Islamic law, and approves or vetos them
  • Expediency Discernment Council
    Expediency Discernment Council

    The Expediency Discernment Council of the System , is an administrative assembly appointed by the Supreme Leader of Iran and was created upon the revision to the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran on 6 February 1988 ....
    • Appointed by Supreme Leader
    • Main purpose is to mediate disputes between between the Majlis and the Council of Guardians
    • Also serves as an advisory board to the Supreme Leader


Judicial branch of the government of Iran

  • Supreme Court of Iran
  • Special Clerical Court
    Special Clerical Court

    Special Clerical Court, or Special Court for Clerics is an Iranian court for trying Muslim clerics to eliminate rivalrous versions of the clerical regime which could arise and potentially compete with the current version....
     - for trying Muslim
    Muslim

    :A Muslim , , is an adherent of the religion of Islam. The feminine form is Muslimah . Literally, the word means "one who submits "....
     cleric
    Cleric

    A cleric , clergyman , or churchman is a member of the clergy of a religion, especially one who is a priest, preacher, or other religious professional....
    s, and accountable only to the Supreme Leader
    Supreme Leader of Iran

    "Supreme Leader" redirects here. This article is about Iran's leader. For Soviet Union's leader, see; General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union....


Foreign relations of Iran


  • Iran-Arab relations
    Iran-Arab relations

    Iranian?Arab relations have always been very mixed. Within the Middle East historical conflicts have always colored neighbouring Arab world' perceptions about Iran....
  • Diplomatic missions in Iran
  • Diplomatic missions of Iran
    Diplomatic missions of Iran

    Iran has a substantial diplomatic network, reflecting its foreign affairs priorities within the Islamic and Non-Aligned world....
  • United States-Iran relations
    United States-Iran relations

    Political relations between Iran and the United States began in the mid to late 1800s, but had little importance or controversy until the post-World War II era of the Cold War and of petroleum exports from the Persian Gulf....


International organization membership

Iran is a member of:
  • Group of 15 (G-15)
  • OPEC
    OPEC

    The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is a cartel of twelve countries made up of Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela....
     (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries)
  • United Nations
    United Nations

    The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, Social change, human rights and achieving world peace....
     (UN)
  • World Trade Organization
    World Trade Organization

    The World Trade Organization is an international organization designed to supervise and Free trade international trade. The WTO came into being on 1 January 1995, and is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade , which was created in 1947, and continued to operate for almost five decades as a de facto international org...
     (observer)


Law and order in Iran

Main article: Law of Iran


  • Capital punishment in Iran
    Capital punishment in Iran

    Capital punishment in Iran is widely prevalent; in 2004, the country was second only to People's Republic of China in number of Capital punishments carried out, with 159 and 3400 respectively....
  • Constitution of Iran
  • Crime in Iran
    Crime in Iran

    Iran is a source, transit and destination country for women and girls trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation. Women and girls are trafficked to Pakistan, Turkey, the Persian Gulf, and Europe for sexual exploitation, while boys from Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Afghanistan are trafficked through Iran en route to Persian Gulf states where th...
  • Human rights in Iran
    Human rights in Iran

    Iran is home to the earliest known charter of human rights ? the Achaemenid dynasty established unprecedented principles of human rights in the 6th century BC, under the reign of Cyrus the Great....
    • LGBT rights in Iran
      LGBT rights in Iran

      LGBT rights in Iran since the Iranian Revolution of 1979 have come under governmental persecution, with international human rights groups reporting public floggings and executions of lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals....
    • Freedom of religion in Iran
  • Law enforcement in Iran
    Law enforcement in Iran

    Law enforcement in Iran has 60,000 police personnel served under the Ministry of Interior , including border patrol personnel.The Police-110 unit specializes in rapid-response activities in urban areas and dispersing gatherings deemed dangerous to public order....


Military of Iran

Main article: Military of Iran
Military of Iran

The Armed Forces of the Iran include the Islamic Republic of Iran Army , the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution , and the Law enforcement in Iran ....


  • Command
    • Commander-in-chief
      Commander-in-Chief

      A commander-in-chief is the commander of a nation's military forces or significant element of those forces. In the latter case, the force element may be defined as those forces within a particular region or those forces which are associated by function....
      : Supreme Leader of Iran
      Supreme Leader of Iran

      "Supreme Leader" redirects here. This article is about Iran's leader. For Soviet Union's leader, see; General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union....
      , Ali Khamenei
      Ali Khamenei

      Grand Ayatollah Sayyid , also known as Ali Khamenei, is an Iranian politician and cleric. He has been Supreme Leader of Iran of Iran since 1989 and before that was president of Iran from 1981 to 1989....
      • Ministry of Defence of Iran
  • Defense industry of Iran
  • Forces (Iran has two armies)
    • Army of Iran
    • Navy of Iran
    • Air Force of Iran
    • Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution
      • Ground Forces of the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution
      • Navy of the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution
      • Air Force of the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution
      • Quds Force (Special Forces
        Special forces

        Special Forces , also known as, Special Operation Forces is a generic term for highly-trained military teams/units that conduct specialized Military operation such as reconnaissance, unconventional warfare, and counter-terrorism actions....
        )
    • Basij Resistance Force
      Basij

      The Basij ? also Bassij or Baseej, or ; also Baseej-e Mostaz'afin, ;" and officially Nirouye Moqavemate Basij ? is a volunteer based Iranian paramilitary force founded by the order of the Ruhollah Khomeini on November 1979....
       (paramilitary force. Compare with National Guard
      National Guard

      The term National Guard may refer to an organized militia, a military force, a paramilitary force, a gendarmerie, or a constabulary:...
      )
  • Iran and weapons of mass destruction
    Iran and weapons of mass destruction

    Iran is not known to possess weapons of mass destruction, and has signed treaties repudiating possession of them, including the Biological Weapons Convention, the Chemical Weapons Convention, and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ....
  • Military history of Iran
    Military history of Iran

    With thousands of years of recorded History of Iran, and due to an unchanging geographic condition , Iran has had a long, varied, and checkered Military of Iran culture and history, ranging from triumphant and unchallenged ancient military supremacy affording effective superpower status in its day, to a series of near catastrophic defeats at the...
  • Military ranks of Iran


Local government in Iran


  • City and Village Councils of Iran
    City and Village Councils of Iran

    City and Village Councils are local councils which are elected by public vote in all cities and villages throughout Iran.Council members in each city or village are elected by direct public vote to a 4 year term....


History of Iran

Main article: History of Iran
History of Iran

History of Iran and Greater Iran consists of the area from the Euphrates in the west to the Indus River and Syr Darya in the east and from the Caucasus, Caspian Sea, and Aral Sea in the north to the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the south....
, Timeline of the history of Iran, and Current events of Iran


  • Iran hostage crisis
    Iran hostage crisis

    The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomacy crisis between Iran and the United States where 52 U.S. diplomats were held hostage for 444 days from November 4, 1979 to January 20, 1981, after a group of Islamism students took over the American embassy in support of the Iranian revolution....
  • History of fundamentalist Islam in Iran
    History of fundamentalist Islam in Iran

    The history of fundamentalist Islam in Iran covers the history of Islamic revivalism and the rise of political Islam in modern Iran. Today, there are basically three types of Islam in Iran: Religious traditionalism in Iran, Religious Intellectualism in Iran, and a variety of forms of revivalism usually brought together as fundamentalism....
  • Military history of Iran
    Military history of Iran

    With thousands of years of recorded History of Iran, and due to an unchanging geographic condition , Iran has had a long, varied, and checkered Military of Iran culture and history, ranging from triumphant and unchallenged ancient military supremacy affording effective superpower status in its day, to a series of near catastrophic defeats at the...
    • Iran–Iraq War
  • Timeline of the Iranian Islamic revolution
    Timeline of the Iranian Islamic revolution

    This article is a timeline of events relevant to the Islamic Revolution in Iran. For earlier events refer to Pahlavi dynasty and for later ones refer to History of the Islamic Republic of Iran....


Culture of Iran

Main article: Culture of Iran
Culture of Iran

To best understand Iran and its people, one must first attempt to acquire an understanding of its ancient culture. It is in the study of this area where the Iranian identity optimally expresses itself....


  • Architecture of Iran
  • Cuisine of Iran
  • Ethnic minorities in Iran
    Ethnic minorities in Iran

    This article focuses on ethnic minorities in Iran and their related political issues....
  • Festivals in Iran
  • Humor in Iran
  • Languages of Iran
    Languages of Iran

    IntroductionThe actual population of Iran, based on a census carried out in 2006, is 70,472,846 people.Different publications have reported different statistics for the languages of Iran; however, it is important to point out that these studies are not based on any official census and that statistics presented by different sources vary signi...
  • Media in Iran
  • National symbols of Iran
    • Coat of arms of Iran
      Coat of arms of Iran

      File:Coat of arms of Iran.svgFile:Monument tehran.jpgThe coat of arms of Iran since the 1979 Iranian Revolution features a stylized Perso-Arabic script of Allah#Typography and also "La ilaha ill Allah" ....
    • Flag of Iran
      Flag of Iran

      The current flag of Iran was adopted on July 29, 1980, and is a reflection of the changes brought to Iran by the Iranian Revolution. The basic design of the flag is three horizontal bands of green above white above red, symbolizing vigour, peace, and courage....
    • National anthem of Iran
  • People of Iran
  • Prostitution in Iran
    Prostitution in Iran

    Prostitution in Iran is illegal and can incur various punishments ranging from fines and jail terms to execution for repeat offenders. Prostitution as well as other social ills such as drugs has increased over the past decade....
  • Public holidays in Iran
    Public holidays in Iran

    Holidays in Iran:Iran uses three official calendar systems. The Iranian calendar as the main date, the Islamic calendar for religious events, and the Gregorian calendar for international events ....
  • Records of Iran
  • Religion in Iran
    Religion in Iran

    Most Iranians are Muslims; 90% belong to the Shi'a Islam branch of Islam, the official state religion, and about 8% belong to the Sunni Islam branch, mainly Kurds and Iran's Balochi Sunni....
    • Buddhism in Iran
      Buddhism in Iran

      The presence of Buddhism in Iran may date as far back as the 5th or 6th century B.C., during the life of the historical Buddha Sakyamuni. A Pali language legend suggests that the spread of Buddhism to Balkh was initiated by two merchant brothers from Bactria ....
    • Christianity in Iran
      Christianity in Iran

      Christianity in Iran has had a long history, dating back to the very early years of the faith. It has always been a minority religion, overshadowed by the majority state religions?Zoroastrianism in the past, and Shia Islam today....
    • Hinduism in Iran
      Hinduism in Iran

      Hindu based Organisations in Iran prior to 1979Prior to the Iranian Revolution of 1979, many Hindu-based missions such as the International Society for Krishna Consciousness and Transcendental meditation, had locations in Iran....
    • Islam in Iran
      Islam in Iran

      The Islamic conquest of Persia led to the end of the Sassanid Empire and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrianism religion in Persian Empire. However, the achievements of the previous Persian civilizations were not lost, but were to a great extent absorbed by the new Islamic polity....
    • Judaism in Iran
    • Sikhism in Iran
  • World Heritage Sites in Iran
    List of World Heritage Sites in Asia and Australasia

    This is a list of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage Sites in Asia, Australia and the Oceanian part of the Pacific Ocean....


The Arts in Iran

  • Art in Iran
  • Cinema of Iran
    Cinema of Iran

    The cinema of Iran is a flourishing film industry with a long history. Many popular commercial films are annually made in Iran, and Iranian art films win praise around the world....
  • Literature of Iran
  • Music of Iran
    Music of Iran

    The music of Iran or Persian music has thousands of years of history dating back to the Neolithic age, as seen in the archeological evidence of Elam, one of the earliest world civilizations, which was located in southwestern Iran....
    • Iranian musical instruments
      Iranian musical instruments

      Iranian musical instruments can be broadly classified into three categories, namely Persian music, Persian Symphonic Music and Iranian folk music....
  • Television in Iran
  • Theatre in Iran


Sports in Iran

Main article: Sports in Iran


  • Football in Iran
    Football in Iran

    Association football in Iran is quite possibly the most popular sport, with only wrestling being able to match its popularity. Football has been a part of life for Iranians for many decades now and is played in schools, alleys, streets and football clubs nationwide....


Economy of Iran

Main article: Economy of Iran
Economy of Iran

The economy of Iran is dominated by oil and gas exports which constituted 70% of government revenue and 80% of export earnings as of 2008. It has a large public sector, with an estimated 60% of the economy directly controlled and centrally planned economy by the state....


  • Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007)
    List of countries by GDP (nominal)

    This article includes a list of List of countries sorted by their gross domestic product , the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year....
    : 29th (twenty-ninth)


  • Agriculture in Iran
    Agriculture in Iran

    Roughly one-third of Iran's total surface area is suited for farmland, but because of poor soil and lack of adequate water distribution in many areas, most of it is not under cultivation....
  • Banking in Iran
    • National Bank of Iran
  • Communications in Iran
    Communications in Iran

    Iran?s telecommunications industry is almost entirely state-owned, dominated by the Telecommunication Company of Iran . Fixed-line penetration in 2004 was relatively well-developed by regional standards, standing at 22 lines per 100 people, higher than Egypt with 14 and Saudi Arabia with 15, although behind the UAE with 27....
  • Companies of Iran


  • Currency
    Currency

    A currency is a Medium of exchange, facilitating the trade of goods and/or Service s. It is coins and paper bills used as money. It is one form of money, where money is anything that serves as a medium of exchange, a store of value, and a standard of value....
     of Iran: Iranian rial
    Iranian rial

    The rial is the currency of Iran. It is subdivided into 100 dinar but, because of the very low current value of the rial, no fraction of the rial is used in accounting....
    • ISO 4217
      ISO 4217

      ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three-letter codes to define the names of currency established by the International Organization for Standardization ....
      : IRR
      IRR

      IRR is a three-letter acronym that may refer to:* In finance, the internal rate of return* In computer science, Interrupt, used to indicate interrupts awaiting service...


  • Economic history of Iran
  • Energy policy of Iran
  • Mining in Iran
    Mining in Iran

    Iran?s mining industry is under-developed. Yet the country is one of the most important mineral producers in the world holding some 68 types of minerals, 37 billion tons of proven reserves and more than 57 billion tons of potential reservoirs....
  • Oil industry in Iran
  • Tourism in Iran
    Tourism in Iran

    Tourism in Iran declined dramatically during the war with Iraq in the 1980s but has subsequently revived.About 1,659,000 foreign tourists visited Iran in 2004; most came from Asian countries, including the republics of Central Asia, while a considerable share came from the countries of the European Union and North America including German...
  • Transport in Iran
    Transport in Iran

    Iran has a long paved road system linking most of its towns and all of its cities. In 2007 the country had 178,152 km of roads, of which 66 percent were paved....


  • Iran Stock Exchange


Education in Iran

Main article: Education in Iran
Education in Iran

Iran's educational system comprises many schools and universities scattered throughout the country.Kindergarten in Iran, also mandatory, begins at the age of 5 for 1-year duration....


Infrastructure of Iran


  • Communications in Iran
    Communications in Iran

    Iran?s telecommunications industry is almost entirely state-owned, dominated by the Telecommunication Company of Iran . Fixed-line penetration in 2004 was relatively well-developed by regional standards, standing at 22 lines per 100 people, higher than Egypt with 14 and Saudi Arabia with 15, although behind the UAE with 27....
    • Internet in Iran
  • Energy in Iran
    Energy in Iran

    Energy resources in Iran consist of the second largest oil reserves and the second largest natural gas reserves in the world. Iran is in a constant battle to use its energy resources more effectively in the face of subsidization and the need for technological advances in energy exploration and production....
  • Health care in Iran
    Health care in Iran

    Health care in Iran and medical sector's market value was almost US $240 billion in 2002 and is forecast to rise to US $310 billion by 2007. With a population of almost 70 million, Iran is one of the most populous countries in the Middle East....
  • Transportation in Iran
    • Airports in Iran
      List of airports in Iran

      List of airports in Iran, sorted by location....
    • Rail transport in Iran
    • Roads in Iran
  • Water supply and sanitation in Iran
    Water supply and sanitation in Iran

    }}||}}}}|-!align="center" bgcolor="lightblue" colspan="3"|Data|-!align="left" valign="top"|Water coverage ...


See also

  • List of basic geography topics
    List of basic geography topics

    Geography is the study of the earth and its features, inhabitants, and the phenomena. A literal translation would be "to describe or write about the Earth"....
  • List of international rankings
    List of international rankings

    Country specificSee: :Category:International rankings...
  • List of Iran-related topics
    List of Iran-related topics

    This is a list of topics related to Iran and Persian culture:...
     (topical index}


External links


  • (Persian)
  • Faces of Iran: The World in One Nation (a sequence of still photographs, showing the richness of the ethnic and religious diversity of the people of Iran), .
  • Rageh Inside Iran, a BBC Four production, 17 February 2007, (1 h 30 min).
  • Farhad Nabipour, From Persia to Iran, Part I, AMIR Productions, 4 November 2006 (slide show accompanied with Pink Floyd and Persian music — 28 min 8 sec), . Highly recommended!
  • Farhad Nabipour, From Persia to Iran, Part II, AMIR Productions, 10 November 2006 (slide show accompanied with Pink Floyd and Persian music — 21 min 46 sec), .
  • Some Iranian folk-songs sung by Shusha Guppy
    Shusha Guppy

    Shusha Guppy , n?e Shamsi Assar , was a writer, editor and - under the name of "Shusha" - a singer of Persian and Western folk-songs. She had lived in London since the mid 1960s....
     in the 1970s:
    (from Shiraz
    Shiraz

    Shiraz may refer to:* Shiraz, Iran, a city* Vosketap, Armenia, formerly called ShirazPeople:* Hovhannes Shiraz, Armenian poet* Shiraz Ali, former Bermudian cricketer...
    ), (a harvest song), (from the Gilan Province), (from Shiraz), (from Shiraz), (from the Fars Province), (from the Gilan Province), (from the Lorestan Province), (a Bakhtiari
    Bakhtiari

    The Bakhtiari are a group of southwestern Iranian peoples.Their language is Bakhtiari that is the most popular dialect of Lurish language.A small percentage of Bakhtiari are still nomadic pastoralists, migrating between summer quarters and winter quarters ....
    -Tribe song), (from Gorgan
    Gorgan

    Gorgan is the capital of the Golestan Province, Iran. It is approximately 400 km from Tehran. It had an estimated population of 241,177 in 2005....
    ), (from the Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province), (from the Fars Province), , (from Mamasani County
    Mamasani County

    Mamasani County is a county in Fars Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Mamasani. Mamasani is located 180 kilometres away from Shiraz.The people of Mamasani speak in Lurish language in southern Lurish dialect....
    ), (from the Mazandaran Province).
    For further details see: .
  • Nir Rosen, Selling the War with Iran, The Washington Note, Thursday, May 1 2008, .
  • The Second International Festival of Peace Poetry
    International Festival of Peace Poetry

    International Festival of Peace Poetry is an international festival held biannually in Iran. The first Peace Poetry Festival was held in Tehran on May 16, 2007, with poets from sixteen different countries participating, and the second Festival is planned to be held on May 16, 2009....
    , Iran, 16 May 2009: , .