List of astronomical observatories
Encyclopedia
Legend
Space observatory
Space observatory
A space observatory is any instrument in outer space which is used for observation of distant planets, galaxies, and other outer space objects...

Gravitational observatory
Antimatter observatory
Airborne observatory
Airborne observatory
An airborne observatory is an airplane or balloon with an astronomical telescope. By carrying the telescope high, the telescope can avoid cloud cover, pollution, and carry out observations in the infrared spectrum, above water vapor in the atmosphere which absorbs infrared radiation.Examples of...

Radio observatory
Radio telescope
A radio telescope is a form of directional radio antenna used in radio astronomy. The same types of antennas are also used in tracking and collecting data from satellites and space probes...

Microwave observatory
Submillimetre astronomy
Submillimetre astronomy or submillimeter astronomy is the branch of observational astronomy that is conducted at submillimetre wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. Astronomers place the submillimetre waveband between the far-infrared and microwave wavebands, typically taken to be between a...

Ground-based observatory
Solar observatory
Solar telescope
A solar telescope is a special purpose telescope used to observe the Sun. Solar telescopes usually detect light with wavelengths in, or not far outside, the visible spectrum.-Professional solar telescopes:...

Neutrino observatory
Cosmic-ray observatory
Cosmic-ray observatory
A cosmic-ray observatory is a scientific installation built to detect high-energy-particles coming from space called cosmic rays. This typically includes photons , electrons, protons, and some heavier nuclei, as well as antimatter particles...


This is a list of astronomical observatories ordered by name, along with initial dates of operation (where an accurate date is available) and location. The list also includes a final year of operation for many observatories that are no longer in operation. While other sciences, such as volcanology
Volcanology
Volcanology is the study of volcanoes, lava, magma, and related geological, geophysical and geochemical phenomena. The term volcanology is derived from the Latin word vulcan. Vulcan was the ancient Roman god of fire....

 and meteorology
Meteorology
Meteorology is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere. Studies in the field stretch back millennia, though significant progress in meteorology did not occur until the 18th century. The 19th century saw breakthroughs occur after observing networks developed across several countries...

, also use facilities called observatories for research and observations, this list is limited to observatories that are used to observe celestial objects.

Astronomical observatories are mainly divided into four categories: space based, airborne, ground based and underground based.

Many modern telescopes and observatories are located in space to observe astronomical objects in wavelength
Wavelength
In physics, the wavelength of a sinusoidal wave is the spatial period of the wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.It is usually determined by considering the distance between consecutive corresponding points of the same phase, such as crests, troughs, or zero crossings, and is a...

s of the electromagnetic spectrum
Electromagnetic spectrum
The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. The "electromagnetic spectrum" of an object is the characteristic distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by that particular object....

 that cannot penetrate the Earth's atmosphere (such as ultraviolet
Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays, in the range 10 nm to 400 nm, and energies from 3 eV to 124 eV...

 radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays) and are thus impossible to observe using ground-based telescopes.
Being above the atmosphere, these space observatories
Space observatory
A space observatory is any instrument in outer space which is used for observation of distant planets, galaxies, and other outer space objects...

 can also avoid the effects of atmospheric turbulence that plague ground based telescopes, although new generations of adaptive optics telescopes have since then dramatically improve the situation on the ground. The space high vacuum environment also allow to free the detectors from the ancestral diurnal cycle
Diurnal motion
Diurnal motion is an astronomical term referring to the apparent daily motion of stars around the Earth, or more precisely around the two celestial poles. It is caused by the Earth's rotation on its axis, so every star apparently moves on a circle, that is called the diurnal circle. The time for...

 due to the atmospheric blue light background of the sky, therefore increasing significantly the observation time.

An intermediate variant is the airborne observatory
Airborne observatory
An airborne observatory is an airplane or balloon with an astronomical telescope. By carrying the telescope high, the telescope can avoid cloud cover, pollution, and carry out observations in the infrared spectrum, above water vapor in the atmosphere which absorbs infrared radiation.Examples of...

, specialised in the infrared
Infrared
Infrared light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength longer than that of visible light, measured from the nominal edge of visible red light at 0.74 micrometres , and extending conventionally to 300 µm...

 wavelengths of the EM spectrum, that conduct observations above the part of the atmosphere containing water vapor
Water vapor
Water vapor or water vapour , also aqueous vapor, is the gas phase of water. It is one state of water within the hydrosphere. Water vapor can be produced from the evaporation or boiling of liquid water or from the sublimation of ice. Under typical atmospheric conditions, water vapor is continuously...

 that absorbs them, in the stratosphere
Stratosphere
The stratosphere is the second major layer of Earth's atmosphere, just above the troposphere, and below the mesosphere. It is stratified in temperature, with warmer layers higher up and cooler layers farther down. This is in contrast to the troposphere near the Earth's surface, which is cooler...

.

Historically, astronomical observatories consisted generally in a building or group of buildings where observations of astronomical
Astronomy
Astronomy is a natural science that deals with the study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth...

 objects such as sunspot
Sunspot
Sunspots are temporary phenomena on the photosphere of the Sun that appear visibly as dark spots compared to surrounding regions. They are caused by intense magnetic activity, which inhibits convection by an effect comparable to the eddy current brake, forming areas of reduced surface temperature....

s, planets, asteroids, comet
Comet
A comet is an icy small Solar System body that, when close enough to the Sun, displays a visible coma and sometimes also a tail. These phenomena are both due to the effects of solar radiation and the solar wind upon the nucleus of the comet...

s, star
Star
A star is a massive, luminous sphere of plasma held together by gravity. At the end of its lifetime, a star can also contain a proportion of degenerate matter. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun, which is the source of most of the energy on Earth...

s, nebula
Nebula
A nebula is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen gas, helium gas and other ionized gases...

e, and galaxies
Galaxy
A galaxy is a massive, gravitationally bound system that consists of stars and stellar remnants, an interstellar medium of gas and dust, and an important but poorly understood component tentatively dubbed dark matter. The word galaxy is derived from the Greek galaxias , literally "milky", a...

 in the visible
Visible spectrum
The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 390 to 750 nm. In terms of...

 wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum were conducted. At first, for millennia, astronomical observations have been made with naked eyes. Then with the discovery of optics
Optics
Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually describes the behavior of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light...

, with the help of different types of refractor telescopes and later with reflector telescopes. Their use allowed to dramatically increase both the collecting power and limit of resolution
Angular resolution
Angular resolution, or spatial resolution, describes the ability of any image-forming device such as an optical or radio telescope, a microscope, a camera, or an eye, to distinguish small details of an object...

, thus the brightness
Brightness
Brightness is an attribute of visual perception in which a source appears to be radiating or reflecting light. In other words, brightness is the perception elicited by the luminance of a visual target...

, level of detail and apparent angular size of distant celestial objects allowing them to be better studied and understood. Following the development of modern physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...

, new ground based facilities have been constructed to conduct research in the radio and microwave
Microwave
Microwaves, a subset of radio waves, have wavelengths ranging from as long as one meter to as short as one millimeter, or equivalently, with frequencies between 300 MHz and 300 GHz. This broad definition includes both UHF and EHF , and various sources use different boundaries...

 wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, with radio telescope
Radio telescope
A radio telescope is a form of directional radio antenna used in radio astronomy. The same types of antennas are also used in tracking and collecting data from satellites and space probes...

s and dedicated microwave telescope
Submillimetre astronomy
Submillimetre astronomy or submillimeter astronomy is the branch of observational astronomy that is conducted at submillimetre wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. Astronomers place the submillimetre waveband between the far-infrared and microwave wavebands, typically taken to be between a...

s.

Modern astrophysics
Astrophysics
Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, including the physical properties of celestial objects, as well as their interactions and behavior...

 has extended the field of study of celestial bodies to non electromagnetic vectors, such as neutrino
Neutrino
A neutrino is an electrically neutral, weakly interacting elementary subatomic particle with a half-integer spin, chirality and a disputed but small non-zero mass. It is able to pass through ordinary matter almost unaffected...

s, neutron
Neutron
The neutron is a subatomic hadron particle which has the symbol or , no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton. With the exception of hydrogen, nuclei of atoms consist of protons and neutrons, which are therefore collectively referred to as nucleons. The number of...

s and cosmic-rays or gravitational wave
Gravitational wave
In physics, gravitational waves are theoretical ripples in the curvature of spacetime which propagates as a wave, traveling outward from the source. Predicted to exist by Albert Einstein in 1916 on the basis of his theory of general relativity, gravitational waves theoretically transport energy as...

s. Thus new types of observatories have been developed. Interferometers are at the core of gravitational wave detectors. In order to limit the natural or artificial background noise
Background noise
In acoustics and specifically in acoustical engineering, background noise or ambient noise is any sound other than the sound being monitored. Background noise is a form of noise pollution or interference. Background noise is an important concept in setting noise regulations...

, most particle detector
Particle detector
In experimental and applied particle physics, nuclear physics, and nuclear engineering, a particle detector, also known as a radiation detector, is a device used to detect, track, and/or identify high-energy particles, such as those produced by nuclear decay, cosmic radiation, or reactions in a...

 based observatories are built deep underground.

A

Name Established Location
Abu Reyhan-e Birooni Observatory  1976 Shiraz University
Shiraz University
Shiraz University , formerly known as Pahlavi University, is a public university located in Shiraz, Iran. It is one of the major universities of Iran....

, Shiraz, Iran
Shiraz, Iran
Shiraz is the sixth most populous city in Iran and is the capital of Fars Province, the city's 2009 population was 1,455,073. Shiraz is located in the southwest of Iran on the Roodkhaneye Khoshk seasonal river...

Advanced Composition Explorer
Advanced Composition Explorer
Advanced Composition Explorer is a NASA space exploration mission being conducted as part of the Explorer program to study matter in situ, comprising energetic particles from the solar wind, the interplanetary medium, and other sources. Real-time data from ACE is used by the Space Weather...

 (ACE)
1997 Earth-Sun L1 point
Aker Observatory 1995 Safford, Arizona
Safford, Arizona
- History :Safford was founded by Joshua Eaton Bailey, Hiram Kennedy and Edward Tuttle, who came from Gila Bend, in southwestern Arizona. They left Gila Bend in the winter of 1873-74; their work on canals and dams having been destroyed by high water the previous summer...

, USA
Aldershot Observatory
Aldershot Observatory
Aldershot observatory is a circular red-brick building with a domed roof standing on Queens Avenue in Aldershot Military Town near Aldershot, England, home to the British Army since circa 1854. Inside is an refracting telescope on a German-type equatorial mount with a clockwork drive which will...

1906 Aldershot
Aldershot
Aldershot is a town in the English county of Hampshire, located on heathland about southwest of London. The town is administered by Rushmoor Borough Council...

, Hampshire
Hampshire
Hampshire is a county on the southern coast of England in the United Kingdom. The county town of Hampshire is Winchester, a historic cathedral city that was once the capital of England. Hampshire is notable for housing the original birthplaces of the Royal Navy, British Army, and Royal Air Force...

, England
Algonquin Radio Observatory
Algonquin Radio Observatory
The Algonquin Radio Observatory is a radio telescope research facility located in the Algonquin Provincial Park in Ontario, Canada. The site's primary instrument is a major 46 m parabolic-dish radio antenna. This instrument is historically famous for taking part in the first successful very...

1959 Algonquin Provincial Park
Algonquin Provincial Park
Algonquin Provincial Park is a provincial park located between Georgian Bay and the Ottawa River in Central Ontario, Canada, mostly within the Unorganized South Part of Nipissing District. Established in 1893, it is the oldest provincial park in Canada. Additions since its creation have increased...

, Ontario, Canada
Allegheny Observatory
Allegheny Observatory
The Allegheny Observatory is an American astronomical research institution, a part of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Pittsburgh. The facility is listed on the National Register of Historical Places The Allegheny Observatory is an American astronomical research...

1859 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh is the second-largest city in the US Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Allegheny County. Regionally, it anchors the largest urban area of Appalachia and the Ohio River Valley, and nationally, it is the 22nd-largest urban area in the United States...

, USA
Ametlla de Mar Observatory
Ametlla de Mar Observatory
Ametlla de Mar Observatory is an astronomical observatory situated in L'Ametlla de Mar, Catalonia with the IAU observatory code 946. It is operated by Jaume Nomen, and takes part in Unicorn Project and Minor Planet Astrometry....

1992 l'Ametlla de Mar
L'Ametlla de Mar
L'Ametlla de Mar , also called la Cala , is a municipality within the comarca of Baix Ebre, situated in the coastal region between the "Cap de Terme" and the "barranc de l'Àliga"...

, Catalonia
Catalonia
Catalonia is an autonomous community in northeastern Spain, with the official status of a "nationality" of Spain. Catalonia comprises four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. Its capital and largest city is Barcelona. Catalonia covers an area of 32,114 km² and has an...

, Spain
AMiBA
AMiBA
The Yuan-Tseh Lee Array for Microwave Background Anisotropy, also known as the Array for Microwave Background Anisotropy , is a radio telescope designed to observe the cosmic microwave background and the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in clusters of galaxies...

2006 Mauna Loa
Mauna Loa
Mauna Loa is one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean, and the largest on Earth in terms of volume and area covered. It is an active shield volcano, with a volume estimated at approximately , although its peak is about lower than that...

, Hawaii
Hawaii
Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...

, USA
Anderson Mesa Station 1959 Flagstaff, Arizona
Flagstaff, Arizona
Flagstaff is a city located in northern Arizona, in the southwestern United States. In 2010, the city's population was 65,870. The population of the Metropolitan Statistical Area was at 134,421 in 2010. It is the county seat of Coconino County...

, USA
Andromeda Observatory 1992 Isle of Man
Isle of Man
The Isle of Man , otherwise known simply as Mann , is a self-governing British Crown Dependency, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is...

Angell Hall Observatory
Angell Hall Observatory
Angell Hall Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by University of Michigan. It is located on the UM Central Campus on top of Angell Hall in Ann Arbor, Michigan...

1927 Ann Arbor, Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Ann Arbor is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Washtenaw County. The 2010 census places the population at 113,934, making it the sixth largest city in Michigan. The Ann Arbor Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 344,791 as of 2010...

, USA
Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array
Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array
The Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array is a neutrino telescope located beneath the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. In 2005, after nine years of operation, AMANDA officially became part of its successor project, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory.AMANDA consists of optical modules, each...

2002 Antarctica
Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory
Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory
Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory, or AST/RO, was a 1.7 meter diameter off-axis telescope for research in astronomy and aeronomy at wavelengths between 0.2 and 2 mm...

1994-2005 Antarctica
Apache Point Observatory
Apache Point Observatory
The Apache Point Observatory is located in the Sacramento Mountains in Sunspot, New Mexico 18 miles south of Cloudcroft. The observatory consists of the Astrophysical Research Consortium's 3.5-meter telescope, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey 2.5-m telescope with a 20" photometric telescope,...

Sunspot, New Mexico
Sunspot, New Mexico
Sunspot is an unincorporated community in the Sacramento Mountains in Otero County, New Mexico, United States. It is located within the Lincoln National Forest, 18 miles south of Cloudcroft. Its elevation is 9200 feet....

, USA
Apatity Cosmic-Ray Station Apatity
Apatity
Apatity is a town in Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located along the Murmansk Railway between Lake Imandra and Khibiny Massif, west of Kirovsk and south of Murmansk, the administrative center of the oblast...

, Russia
Apollo Observatory
Apollo Observatory
-External links:** Weather forecasts of observing conditions....

1969 Dayton
Dayton, Ohio
Dayton is the 6th largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Montgomery County, the fifth most populous county in the state. The population was 141,527 at the 2010 census. The Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 841,502 in the 2010 census...

, Ohio
Ohio
Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,it is the 7th‑most populous with over 11.5 million residents, containing several major American cities and seven metropolitan areas with populations of 500,000 or more.The state's capital is Columbus...

, USA
Arcetri Observatory
Arcetri Observatory
The Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri is an astronomical observatory located in Arcetri in the outskirts of Florence, Italy. Observatory staff carry out theoretical and observational astronomy as well as designing and constructing astronomical instrumentation...

Arcetri
Arcetri
Arcetri is a region of Florence, Italy, in the hills to the south of the city centre.-Landmarks:A number of historic buildings are situated there, including the house of the famous scientist Galileo Galilei ,...

, Florence
Florence
Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....

, Italy
Arecibo Observatory
Arecibo Observatory
The Arecibo Observatory is a radio telescope near the city of Arecibo in Puerto Rico. It is operated by SRI International under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation...

1963 Arecibo, Puerto Rico
Arecibo, Puerto Rico
Arecibo is a municipality in the northern midwest coast of Puerto Rico and located by the Atlantic Ocean, north of Utuado and Ciales; east of Hatillo; and west of Barceloneta, and Florida. Arecibo is spread over 18 wards and Arecibo Pueblo...

, USA
Armagh Observatory
Armagh Observatory
Armagh Observatory is a modern astronomical research institute with a rich heritage, based in Armagh, Northern Ireland. Around 25 astronomers are actively studying stellar astrophysics, the Sun, Solar System astronomy, and the Earth's climate....

1790 Armagh
Armagh
Armagh is a large settlement in Northern Ireland, and the county town of County Armagh. It is a site of historical importance for both Celtic paganism and Christianity and is the seat, for both the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Ireland, of the Archbishop of Armagh...

, United Kingdom
Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences
Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences
Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences is one of the leading research Institutes which specializes in Astronomy, Astrophysics and Atmospheric Sciences...

1954 Nainital, Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand , formerly Uttaranchal, is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the Land of Gods due to the many holy Hindu temples and cities found throughout the state, some of which are among Hinduism's most spiritual and auspicious places of pilgrimage and worship...

, India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

Ashton Observatory
Ashton Observatory
Ashton Observatory is an astronomical observatory operated by the Des Moines Astronomical Society. Built in 1983, it is located in Ashton-Wildwood county park near Baxter, Iowa .-References:# -External links:* Forecasts of observing conditions....

1983 Baxter, Iowa
Baxter, Iowa
Baxter is a city in Jasper County, Iowa, United States. The population was 1,052 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Baxter's longitude and latitude coordinatesin decimal form are 41.824492, -93.150857...

, USA
Asiago Observatory 1942 Asiago
Asiago
Asiago is the name of both a minor township and the surrounding plateau region in the Province of Vicenza in the Veneto region of Northeastern Italy...

, Italy
Astron
Astron (spacecraft)
Astron was a Soviet spacecraft launched on 23 March 1983 at 12:45:06 UTC, using Proton launcher, which was designed to fulfill an astrophysics mission. It was based on the Venera spacecraft design and was operational for six years as the largest ultraviolet space telescope during its lifetime...

 (defunct)
1983-1989 Highly eccentric Earth orbit
Astronomical Observatory of Lisbon
Astronomical Observatory of Lisbon
The Astronomical Observatory of Lisbon is located in "Alcântara - Tapada da Ajuda", in the city of Lisbon...

1867 Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...

, Portugal
Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley 2003 Saint-Barthélemy Loc. Lignan, Nus, Italy
Astrophysical Institute Potsdam
Astrophysical Institute Potsdam
Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam is a German research institute. It is the successor of the Berlin Observatory founded in 1700 and of the Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam founded in 1874. The latter was the world's first observatory to emphasize explicitly the research area of...

1992 Potsdam
Potsdam
Potsdam is the capital city of the German federal state of Brandenburg and part of the Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region. It is situated on the River Havel, southwest of Berlin city centre....

, Germany
Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX)
Atacama Pathfinder Experiment
The Atacama Pathfinder Experiment is a radio telescope located at 5,100 meters above sea level, at the Llano de Chajnantor Observatory in the Atacama desert, in northern Chile, 50 kilometers to the east of San Pedro de Atacama. The main dish has a diameter of 12 meters and consists of 264...

2003 Llano de Chajnantor Observatory
Llano de Chajnantor Observatory
Llano de Chajnantor Observatory is an astronomical observatory located at an altitude of 5,104 m in the Chilean Atacama desert, 50 kilometers to the east of San Pedro de Atacama. It is a very dry site - inhospitable to humans - but an excellent site for submillimetre astronomy...

, Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...

Australia Telescope Compact Array
Australia Telescope Compact Array
The Australia Telescope Compact Array is a radio telescope at the Paul Wild Observatory, twenty five kilometres west of the town of Narrabri in Australia....

1988 Narrabri, Australia
Australian Astronomical Observatory 1971 Coonabarabran, Australia

B

Name Established Location
Badlands Observatory
Badlands Observatory
Badlands Observatory is an astronomical observatory named after the South Dakota Badlands. It is located in Quinn, South Dakota near the city of Wall, USA. The observatory is run with support from the Black Hills Astronomical Society and was founded by Ron Dyvig from the Kitt Peak Observatory in...

2000 Quinn, South Dakota
Quinn, South Dakota
Quinn is a town in Pennington County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 54 at the 2010 census. The town is the home of the Badlands Observatory.-Geography:Quinn is located at ....

, USA
Baikal Deep Underwater Neutrino Telescope
Baikal Deep Underwater Neutrino Telescope
Since 1993, neutrino research has been conducted at the Baikal Deep Underwater Neutrino Telescope which is located 1.1 km below the surface of Lake Baikal....

1993 Baikal Lake, Russia
Baker Observatory
Baker Observatory
The William G. and Retha Stone Baker Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Missouri State University. It is located in Marshfield, Missouri.- About the observatory :...

1980 Marshfield, Missouri
Marshfield, Missouri
Marshfield is a city in Webster County, Missouri, United States. The population was 6,633 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat and part of the Springfield, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area.- History :...

, USA
Baksan Neutrino Observatory
Baksan Neutrino Observatory
The Baksan Neutrino Observatory is a scientific laboratory of INR RAS located in the Baksan gorge in the Caucasus mountains in Russia. It started operations in 1977, becoming the first such observatory in the USSR...

1977 Prielbrusye, Baksan Valley, Russia
Ball State University Observatory
Ball State University Observatory
The Ball State University Observatory is a collection of five permanently mounted telescopes on the Cooper Science Building on the campus of the Ball State University in Muncie, IN. Its largest telescope is a 16-inch Meade LX200. The observatory is used primarily for student astronomy classes and...

Muncie, Indiana
Muncie, Indiana
Muncie is a city in Center Township, Delaware County in east central Indiana, best known as the home of Ball State University and the birthplace of the Ball Corporation. It is the principal city of the Muncie, Indiana, Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a population of 118,769...

, USA
Barnard Observatory
Barnard Observatory
Barnard Observatory was a U.S. astronomical observatory owned and operated by University of Mississippi in Oxford, Mississippi. Completed in 1859, it was part of the astronomy focus that chancellor Frederick A.P. Barnard had for the school. Due to the outbreak of the Civil War, though, the purchase...

 (defunct)
1859 Oxford, Mississippi
Oxford, Mississippi
Oxford is a city in, and the county seat of, Lafayette County, Mississippi, United States. Founded in 1835, it was named after the British university city of Oxford in hopes of having the state university located there, which it did successfully attract....

, USA
Bareket observatory israel 1990 Macabim, Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...

Bayfordbury Observatory
Bayfordbury
Bayfordbury, Hertfordshire is the location of the University of Hertfordshire's biology/geography field station and observatory. The site is also home to the Science Learning Centre for the East of England, which runs training courses for teachers and technicians in science learning for early...

1970 Hertfordshire
Hertfordshire
Hertfordshire is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of England. The county town is Hertford.The county is one of the Home Counties and lies inland, bordered by Greater London , Buckinghamshire , Bedfordshire , Cambridgeshire and...

, UK
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...

Behlen Observatory
Behlen Observatory
Behlen Observatory is a research facility and astronomical observatory owned and operated by the astronomy department of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. It is located in Mead, Nebraska about 38 miles northeast of Lincoln, Nebraska and was founded in 1972.-References:# -External links:*...

1972 Mead, Nebraska
Mead, Nebraska
Mead is a village in Saunders County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 564 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Mead is located at .According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all of it land....

, USA
Beijing Astronomical Observatory 1958 Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...

, China
Beijing Ancient Observatory
Beijing Ancient Observatory
The Beijing Ancient Observatory is a pretelescopic observatory located in Beijing, China. The revolutionary tools used within this ancient observatory were built in 1442 during the Ming Dynasty, and later amended during the Qing....

1442 Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...

, China
Belogradchik Observatory
Belogradchik Observatory
The Astronomical Observatory of Belogradchik or Belogradchik Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Bulgarian Academy of Sciences...

1961 Belogradchik
Belogradchik
Belogradchik is a town in Vidin Province, Northwestern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of the homonymous Belogradchik Municipality. The town, whose name literally means "small white town," is situated in the foothills of the Balkan Mountains just east of the Serbian border and about 50 km...

, Bulgaria
Benmore Peak Observatory
Benmore Peak
Benmore Peak is the highest point of the Benmore Range, an island range located in the southern half of the Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand....

1996 Mackenzie Basin
Mackenzie Basin
The Mackenzie Basin , is an elliptical intermontane basin, located in the Mackenzie and Waitaki Districts, near the centre of the South Island of New Zealand. It is the largest such basin in New Zealand...

, South Island
South Island
The South Island is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand, the other being the more populous North Island. It is bordered to the north by Cook Strait, to the west by the Tasman Sea, to the south and east by the Pacific Ocean...

, New Zealand
BeppoSAX
BeppoSAX
BeppoSAX was an Italian–Dutch satellite for X-ray astronomy which played a crucial role in resolving the origin of gamma-ray bursts , the most energetic events known in the universe...

 (defunct)
1996-2003 Low Earth orbit
Low Earth orbit
A low Earth orbit is generally defined as an orbit within the locus extending from the Earth’s surface up to an altitude of 2,000 km...

Bergisch Gladbach Observatory
Bergisch Gladbach Observatory
The Bergisch Gladbach Observatory is an astronomical observatory located in Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, at . Its observatory code is 621. Astronomer Wolf Bickel....

Bergisch Gladbach
Bergisch Gladbach
' is a city in the Cologne/Bonn Region of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and capital of the Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis .-Geography:Bergisch Gladbach is located east of the river Rhine, approx...

, Germany
Berlin Observatory
Berlin Observatory
The Berlin Observatory is a series of observatories and related organizations in and around the city of Berlin in Germany, starting from the 18th century...

1711 Germany
Besançon Observatory 1882 Besançon
Besançon
Besançon , is the capital and principal city of the Franche-Comté region in eastern France. It had a population of about 237,000 inhabitants in the metropolitan area in 2008...

, France
BESS
BESS
BESS is a particle physics experiment carried by a balloon. BESS stands for Balloon-borne Experiment with Superconducting Spectrometer...

1993 Antarctic
Antarctic
The Antarctic is the region around the Earth's South Pole, opposite the Arctic region around the North Pole. The Antarctic comprises the continent of Antarctica and the ice shelves, waters and island territories in the Southern Ocean situated south of the Antarctic Convergence...

Big Bear Lake Solar Observatory 1969 Big Bear City, California
Big Bear City, California
Big Bear City is an unincorporated, census-designated place in San Bernardino County, California immediately east of Big Bear Lake. The population was 12,304 at the 2010 census, up from 5,779 at the 2000 census...

, USA
Bisdee Tier Optical Astronomy Observatory
Bisdee Tier Optical Astronomy Observatory
The Bisdee Tier Optical Astronomy Observatory is an astronomical facility being built by the University of Tasmania on Bisdee Tier, Spring Hill, Tasmania. The observatory will be a host for 1.27 m optical telescope.- Telescope :...

2010 Bisdee Tier, Spring Hill, Tasmania
Tasmania
Tasmania is an Australian island and state. It is south of the continent, separated by Bass Strait. The state includes the island of Tasmania—the 26th largest island in the world—and the surrounding islands. The state has a population of 507,626 , of whom almost half reside in the greater Hobart...

, Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...

Black Moshannon Observatory
Black Moshannon Observatory
The Black Moshannon Observatory was an astronomical observatory owned and operated byPenn State University. It was located in the central part of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania,at , with an altitude of 738m above sea level....

 (defunct)
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is a U.S. state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to...

, USA
Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory (BOAO) 1996 Youngchun, Republic of Korea
BOOTES
BOOTES
BOOTES, the Burst Observer and Optical Transient Exploring System, is a network of astronomical observatory with sites in Southern Spain and New Zealand. It makes use of two sets of wide-field astrographic cameras, 240 km apart...

1985 Spain
Bordeaux Observatory
Bordeaux Observatory
The Bordeaux Observatory is an astronomical observatory affiliated with the University of Bordeaux. Built in Floirac, France in 1893 its lenses were focused between +11 and +17 degrees declination. When in closed down in 1925 it had taken over 1260 plates . -External links:*...

1878 Floirac
Floirac, Gironde
Floirac is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in southwestern France.-Population:-Twin towns:Floirac is twinned with:* Diébougou, Burkina Faso* Burlada, Spain, since 1985-References:*...

, France
Bosscha Observatory
Bosscha Observatory
Bosscha Observatory is the oldest observatory in Indonesia. The observatory is located in Lembang, West Java, approximately north of Bandung. It is situated on a hilly six hectares of land and is above mean sea level plateau...

1923 Lembang
Lembang
Lembang is a town in the province of West Java in Java, Indonesia. The population is 183,300.Lembang is situated between 1,312 and 2,084 above sea level. Its highest point is on top of Tangkuban Perahu Mt...

, West Java
West Java
West Java , with a population of over 43 million, is the most populous and most densely populated province of Indonesia. Located on the island of Java, it is slightly smaller in area than densely populated Taiwan, but with nearly double the population...

, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...

Boswell Observatory (defunct) 1883 Crete, Nebraska
Crete, Nebraska
Crete is a city in Saline County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 6,960 at the 2010 census.-Geography:Crete is located at .According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land....

, USA
Bowman Observatory
Bowman Observatory
Bowman Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the Greenwich, Connecticut Board of Education.The Astronomical Society of Greenwich helps staff the observatory under the auspices of the Board's Continuing Education Department....

1940 Greenwich, Connecticut
Greenwich, Connecticut
Greenwich is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a total population of 61,171. It is home to many hedge funds and other financial service companies. Greenwich is the southernmost and westernmost municipality in Connecticut and is 38+ minutes ...

, USA
Boyden Observatory
Boyden Observatory
Boyden Observatory is a South African astronomical research observatory and science education centre.-History:The observatory was originally founded in 1889 by the Harvard University at Mount Hardvard near Lima, Peru, but relocated to Arequipa, Peru in October 1890.Significant work done at Arequipa...

1889 Bloemfontein
Bloemfontein
Bloemfontein is the capital city of the Free State Province of South Africa; and, as the judicial capital of the nation, one of South Africa's three national capitals – the other two being Cape Town, the legislative capital, and Pretoria, the administrative capital.Bloemfontein is popularly and...

, South Africa
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...

Bradstreet Observatory
Bradstreet Observatory
Bradstreet Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Eastern University. Built in 1996, it is located in St. Davids, Pennsylvania . It is named after the current astronomy professor, David Bradstreet.-References:#...

1996 St. Davids
St. Davids, Pennsylvania
St. Davids is an unincorporated community in Radnor Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is served by its own train station. St. Davids is home to the main campus of Eastern University, a four-year, liberal arts university affiliated with the American Baptist Churches...

, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is a U.S. state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to...

, USA
Bradley Observatory
Bradley Observatory
The Bradley Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Agnes Scott College. It is located in Decatur, Georgia, east of Atlanta, Georgia, . The observatory's largest telescope, the Beck Telescope, is a vintage 30 inch Cassegrain reflector built in 1930. The telescope...

1950 Decatur, Georgia
Decatur, Georgia
Decatur is a city in, and county seat of, DeKalb County, Georgia, United States. With a population of 19,335 in the 2010 census, the city is sometimes assumed to be larger since multiple zip codes in unincorporated DeKalb County bear the Decatur name...

, USA
Braeside Observatory
Braeside Observatory
Braeside Observatory is a privately owned astronomical observatory previously owned and operated by Arizona State University. It is located five miles west of Flagstaff, Arizona , near the U.S. Naval observatory. The observatory is made up of two buildings, the telescope building and the control...

1976 Flagstaff, Arizona
Flagstaff, Arizona
Flagstaff is a city located in northern Arizona, in the southwestern United States. In 2010, the city's population was 65,870. The population of the Metropolitan Statistical Area was at 134,421 in 2010. It is the county seat of Coconino County...

, USA
Brera Observatory 1764 Milan
Milan
Milan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...

, Italy
Brooks Observatory
Brooks Observatory
Brooks Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the University of Toledo. The observatory is used primarily for public viewing and undergraduate instruction. It hosts an array of small telescopes, the centerpiece of which is a six-inch refractor...

Toledo
Toledo, Ohio
Toledo is the fourth most populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Lucas County. Toledo is in northwest Ohio, on the western end of Lake Erie, and borders the State of Michigan...

, Ohio
Ohio
Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,it is the 7th‑most populous with over 11.5 million residents, containing several major American cities and seven metropolitan areas with populations of 500,000 or more.The state's capital is Columbus...

, USA
Brooks Astronomical Observatory
Brooks Astronomical Observatory
Brooks Astronomical Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Central Michigan University. It is located in Mount Pleasant, Michigan . The observatory was established in 1964 and is located on the roof of the Brooks Hall science building. Both the building and observatory...

1964 Mount Pleasant
Mount Pleasant, Michigan
Mount Pleasant is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Isabella County. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 25,946. The 2008 census estimate places the population at 26,675....

, Michigan
Michigan
Michigan is a U.S. state located in the Great Lakes Region of the United States of America. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word mishigamaa, meaning "large water" or "large lake"....

, USA
Brorfelde Observatory
Brorfelde Observatory
Brorfelde Observatory is an astronomical observatory home to the Brorfelde Schmidt Telescope. It was run as a branch of the Copenhagen University Observatory until 1996. It still has telescopes that are used by University of Copenhagen students, but the staff that manned them moved to the...

Holbæk
Holbæk
Holbæk is a town in Denmark and the seat of Holbæk municipality with a population of 27,055 . The city is located in the northeastern part of Region Sjælland, Denmark....

, Denmark
Bucknell Observatory
Bucknell Observatory
Bucknell Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Bucknell University. It is located in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.*Longitude: 76d 52.993m W*Latitude: 40d 57.079m N*Altitude: 561 ft.-References:# -External links:...

Lewisburg
Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
Lewisburg is a borough in Union County, Pennsylvania, United States, south by southeast of Williamsport and north of Harrisburg. In the past, it was the commercial center for a fertile grain and general farming region. The population was 5,620 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Union...

, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is a U.S. state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to...

, USA
Bucharest Observatory 1910 Bucharest
Bucharest
Bucharest is the capital municipality, cultural, industrial, and financial centre of Romania. It is the largest city in Romania, located in the southeast of the country, at , and lies on the banks of the Dâmbovița River....

, Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...

Byurakan Observatory
Byurakan Observatory
The Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory, or Byurakan Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the Armenian Academy of Sciences. It is located on the slope of Mount Aragats in the village of Byurakan in Armenia.-History:...

1946 Mount Aragats
Mount Aragats
Mount Aragats , Alagoz - is a large andesitic-to-dacitic stratovolcano in NW Armenia about 40 km NW of the capital city of Yerevan. It is the highest point in Armenia, located in the province of Aragatsotn, northwest from Yerevan. Located on its slopes are the Byurakan Observatory and the...

, Armenia
Armenia
Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...


C

Name Established Location
Cagigal Observatory 1888 Caracas
Caracas
Caracas , officially Santiago de León de Caracas, is the capital and largest city of Venezuela; natives or residents are known as Caraquenians in English . It is located in the northern part of the country, following the contours of the narrow Caracas Valley on the Venezuelan coastal mountain range...

, Venezuela
Venezuela
Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...

Cagliari Observatory
Cagliari Observatory
The Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Italy's Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica . It is located 20 km away from Cagliari in Sardinia. It was founded in 1899 to study the Earth's rotation.-External links:**...

1899 Cagliari
Cagliari
Cagliari is the capital of the island of Sardinia, a region of Italy. Cagliari's Sardinian name Casteddu literally means castle. It has about 156,000 inhabitants, or about 480,000 including the outlying townships : Elmas, Assemini, Capoterra, Selargius, Sestu, Monserrato, Quartucciu, Quartu...

, Sardinia
Sardinia
Sardinia is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea . It is an autonomous region of Italy, and the nearest land masses are the French island of Corsica, the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Tunisia and the Spanish Balearic Islands.The name Sardinia is from the pre-Roman noun *sard[],...

Calar Alto Observatory
Calar Alto Observatory
The Calar Alto Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated jointly by the Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie in Heidelberg, Germany, and the Instituto...

1975 Almería
Almería
Almería is a city in Andalusia, Spain, on the Mediterranean Sea. It is the capital of the province of the same name.-Toponym:Tradition says that the name Almería stems from the Arabic المرية Al-Mariyya: "The Mirror", comparing it to "The Mirror of the Sea"...

, Spain
Caltech Submillimeter Observatory
Caltech Submillimeter Observatory
The Caltech Submillimeter Observatory is a diameter submillimeter wavelength telescope situated alongside the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope at Mauna Kea Observatory. It is engaged in submillimeter astronomy, of the terahertz radiation band.The CSO and JCMT were combined to form the first...

Mauna Kea
Mauna Kea
Mauna Kea is a volcano on the island of Hawaii. Standing above sea level, its peak is the highest point in the state of Hawaii. However, much of the mountain is under water; when measured from its oceanic base, Mauna Kea is over tall—significantly taller than Mount Everest...

, Hawaii
Hawaii
Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...

, USA
Canopus Hill Observatory
Canopus Hill Observatory
The Canopus Hill Observatory is an optical astronomy observatory belonging to the University of Tasmania , It is located approximately 12 km from Hobart in Tasmania, Australia and is a host of Canopus 1 m telescope...

Hobart
Hobart
Hobart is the state capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. Founded in 1804 as a penal colony,Hobart is Australia's second oldest capital city after Sydney. In 2009, the city had a greater area population of approximately 212,019. A resident of Hobart is known as...

, Tasmania
Tasmania
Tasmania is an Australian island and state. It is south of the continent, separated by Bass Strait. The state includes the island of Tasmania—the 26th largest island in the world—and the surrounding islands. The state has a population of 507,626 , of whom almost half reside in the greater Hobart...

, Australia
Capilla Peak Observatory
Capilla Peak Observatory
Capilla Peak Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by University of New Mexico. It is located in the Manzano Mountains of central New Mexico .*Latitude: 34° 42’ 24” N*Longitude:106° 24’ 31” W*Altitude: 9300'-References:#...

Albuquerque, New Mexico
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Albuquerque is the largest city in the state of New Mexico, United States. It is the county seat of Bernalillo County and is situated in the central part of the state, straddling the Rio Grande. The city population was 545,852 as of the 2010 Census and ranks as the 32nd-largest city in the U.S. As...

, USA
Capodimonte Observatory 1812 Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...

, Italy
Carter Observatory
Carter Observatory
The Carter Observatory stands at the top of the Botanic Gardens in Wellington, New Zealand. It re-opened in March 2010 following a NZ$5 million refurbishment, with a new exhibition and digital planetarium celebrating the culture, heritage and science of the Southern Skies.- History :The name...

1937 Wellington
Wellington
Wellington is the capital city and third most populous urban area of New Zealand, although it is likely to have surpassed Christchurch due to the exodus following the Canterbury Earthquake. It is at the southwestern tip of the North Island, between Cook Strait and the Rimutaka Range...

, New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...

Casby Observatory, Joseph J. 2010 Afton, Minnesota
Afton, Minnesota
Afton is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 2,886 at the 2010 census. It is located on a small bay where Valley Creek empties into the St. Croix River several miles north of the confluence with the Mississippi River....

, USA
Catania Astrophysical Observatory
Catania Astrophysical Observatory
The Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania is an astronomical observatory in Catania, southern Italy. Owned and operated by Catania University, it belongs to the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica ....

Catania
Catania
Catania is an Italian city on the east coast of Sicily facing the Ionian Sea, between Messina and Syracuse. It is the capital of the homonymous province, and with 298,957 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in Sicily and the tenth in Italy.Catania is known to have a seismic history and...

, Italy
Celestial Observatory
Celestial Observatory
Celestial Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Arkansas Tech University. It is located in Russellville, Arkansas .-References:# -External links:* Forecasts of observing conditions....

Russellville, Arkansas
Russellville, Arkansas
Russellville is the county seat and largest city in Pope County, Arkansas, United States, with a population of 27,920, according to the 2010 Census. It is home to Arkansas Tech University and Arkansas Nuclear One, Arkansas' only nuclear power plant...

, USA
Centennial Observatory 2004 Twin Falls
Twin Falls, Idaho
Twin Falls is the county seat and largest city of Twin Falls County, Idaho, United States. The population was 44,125 at the 2010 censusTwin Falls is the largest city of Idaho's Magic Valley region...

, Idaho
Idaho
Idaho is a state in the Rocky Mountain area of the United States. The state's largest city and capital is Boise. Residents are called "Idahoans". Idaho was admitted to the Union on July 3, 1890, as the 43rd state....

, USA
Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
The Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory is a complex of astronomical telescopes and instruments located at 30.169 S, 70.804 W, approximately 80 km to the East of La Serena, Chile at an altitude of 2200 metres. The complex is part of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory along with Kitt...

1962 Atacama Desert
Atacama Desert
The Atacama Desert is a plateau in South America, covering a strip of land on the Pacific coast, west of the Andes mountains. It is, according to NASA, National Geographic and many other publications, the driest desert in the world...

, Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...

Cerro Pachón Observatory
Cerro Pachón
Cerro Pachón is a mountain located close to Chilean city of Vicuña and 10 km southeast of the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, at an altitude of 2,715 m over the sea level in the foothills of the Andes. The location is exceedingly dry, making it suitable for infrared observations....

2000 Atacama Desert
Atacama Desert
The Atacama Desert is a plateau in South America, covering a strip of land on the Pacific coast, west of the Andes mountains. It is, according to NASA, National Geographic and many other publications, the driest desert in the world...

, Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...

Chabot Space & Science Center 1883 Oakland, California
Oakland, California
Oakland is a major West Coast port city on San Francisco Bay in the U.S. state of California. It is the eighth-largest city in the state with a 2010 population of 390,724...

, USA
Chamberlin Observatory
Chamberlin Observatory
Chamberlin Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by University of Denver. It is located in Denver, Colorado in Observatory Park. It is named for Humphrey B. Chamberlin, a Denver real estate magnate who pledged $50,000 in 1888 to build and equip the facility.The...

1890 Denver, Colorado
Denver, Colorado
The City and County of Denver is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Colorado. Denver is a consolidated city-county, located in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains...

, USA
Changchun Astronomical Observatory Changchun
Changchun
Changchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin province, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the center of the Songliao Plain. It is administered as a sub-provincial city with a population of 7,677,089 at the 2010 census under its jurisdiction, including counties and...

, Jilin
Jilin
Jilin , is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. Jilin borders North Korea and Russia to the east, Heilongjiang to the north, Liaoning to the south, and Inner Mongolia to the west...

 Province, China
Chandra X-ray Observatory
Chandra X-ray Observatory
The Chandra X-ray Observatory is a satellite launched on STS-93 by NASA on July 23, 1999. It was named in honor of Indian-American physicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar who is known for determining the maximum mass for white dwarfs. "Chandra" also means "moon" or "luminous" in Sanskrit.Chandra...

1999 Highly eccentric Earth orbit
Cherry Grove Observatory 1980 Kenyon, Minnesota
Kenyon, Minnesota
Kenyon is a city in Goodhue County, Minnesota, United States, along the North Fork of the Zumbro River. It was founded in 1856 and named in honor of Kenyon College...

, USA
Chico Community Observatory
Chico Community Observatory
Chico Community Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Pacific Center for Astronomical Outreach. It is located in Chico, California .-References:# -External links:* Forecasts of observing conditions....

Chico, California
Chico, California
Chico is the most populous city in Butte County, California, United States. The population was 86,187 at the 2010 census, up from 59,954 at the time of the 2000 census...

, USA
Cincinnati Observatory
Cincinnati Observatory
The Cincinnati Observatory, located in Cincinnati, Ohio on top of Mt. Lookout. It consists of two observatory buildings housing an 11 inch and 16 inch aperture refracting telescope. It is the oldest professional observatory in the United States...

1843 Cincinnati, Ohio
Cincinnati, Ohio
Cincinnati is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio. Cincinnati is the county seat of Hamilton County. Settled in 1788, the city is located to north of the Ohio River at the Ohio-Kentucky border, near Indiana. The population within city limits is 296,943 according to the 2010 census, making it Ohio's...

, USA
City Observatory, Edinburgh
City Observatory, Edinburgh
The City Observatory is an astronomical observatory on Calton Hill in Edinburgh, Scotland. It is also known as the Calton Hill Observatory....

1818 Edinburgh
Edinburgh
Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, the second largest city in Scotland, and the eighth most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council governs one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas. The council area includes urban Edinburgh and a rural area...

, Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...

Clarke Observatory
Clarke Observatory
The Clarke Observatory is located on the Mount Union College campus in Alliance, Ohio.-History:Originally built for private use, the observatory was sold to Elmer Harrold, another private owner, who donated to Mount Union College upon the graduation of his daughter from the college...

1897 / 1923 Dunkirk, New York / Alliance, Ohio
Alliance, Ohio
Alliance is a city in Stark and Mahoning counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The population was 22,322 at the 2010 census. Alliance's nickname is "The Carnation City", and the city is home to the University of Mount Union....

, USA
Coats Observatory 1883 Paisley
Paisley
Paisley is the largest town in the historic county of Renfrewshire in the west central Lowlands of Scotland and serves as the administrative centre for the Renfrewshire council area...

, Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...

Coit Observatory Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Collins Observatory
Collins Observatory
The Eileen M. Collins Observatory is a small astronomical observatory operated by Corning Community College in Corning, New York. It is named for astronaut Eileen Collins...

2003 Corning, New York
Corning (town), New York
Corning is a town in Steuben County, New York, USA. The town is in the eastern part of the county and borders the city of Corning. The town population was 6,426 at the 2000 census...

, USA
Collm Observatory Leipzig
Leipzig
Leipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing...

, Germany
Colombo University Observatory
Colombo University Observatory
The Colombo University Observatory is the astronomical observatory located at the University of Colombo. Formally the Colombo Observatory it is a permanently mounted telescope with its own observatory dome located on the university grounds next to Reid Avenue in Colombo...

1920's Colombo
Colombo
Colombo is the largest city of Sri Lanka. It is located on the west coast of the island and adjacent to Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte, the capital of Sri Lanka. Colombo is often referred to as the capital of the country, since Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte is a satellite city of Colombo...

, Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent. Known until 1972 as Ceylon , Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the...

Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (defunct) 1991–2000 Low earth orbit
Low Earth orbit
A low Earth orbit is generally defined as an orbit within the locus extending from the Earth’s surface up to an altitude of 2,000 km...

Concordia College Observatory
Concordia College Observatory
Concordia College Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Concordia College in Moorhead, Minnesota .-References:# -External links:* Forecasts for observing conditions....

Moorhead, Minnesota
Moorhead, Minnesota
Moorhead is a city in Clay County, Minnesota, United States, and the largest city in northwest Minnesota. The population was 38,065 at the 2010 Census. It is the county seat of Clay County....

, USA
Consell Observatory
Consell Observatory
Consell Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Latin American League of Astronomy. It is located in Consell on Majorca island, which is part of Spain.*Lat 39° 39' 13" N*Long 02° 49' 21" E*Alt 130 m-External links:*...

1987 Majorca, Spain
Copenhagen University Observatory
Copenhagen University Observatory
Københavns Universitet Astronomisk Observatorium on Østervold is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Copenhagen University . It is located in Copenhagen, Denmark, and has been in operation since 1861. It has IAU code 035.*Alt 10 m asl-External links:**...

1861 Copenhagen
Copenhagen
Copenhagen is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban population of 1,199,224 and a metropolitan population of 1,930,260 . With the completion of the transnational Øresund Bridge in 2000, Copenhagen has become the centre of the increasingly integrating Øresund Region...

, Denmark
Cordell-Lorenz Observatory
Cordell-Lorenz Observatory
Cordell-Lorenz Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by University of the South. It is located in Sewanee, Tennessee ....

Sewanee, Tennessee
Sewanee, Tennessee
Sewanee is an unincorporated locality in Franklin County, Tennessee, United States, treated by the U.S. Census as a census-designated place . The population was 2,361 at the 2000 census...

, USA
COROT
Corot (space mission)
COROT is a space mission led by the French Space Agency in conjunction with the European Space Agency and other international partners...

2006 Polar orbit
Polar orbit
A polar orbit is an orbit in which a satellite passes above or nearly above both poles of the body being orbited on each revolution. It therefore has an inclination of 90 degrees to the equator...

Cosmic Background Imager
Cosmic Background Imager
The Cosmic Background Imager was a 13-element interferometer perched at an elevation of 5,080 metres at Llano de Chajnantor Observatory in the Chilean Andes...

 (CBI)
1999 Llano de Chajnantor Observatory
Llano de Chajnantor Observatory
Llano de Chajnantor Observatory is an astronomical observatory located at an altitude of 5,104 m in the Chilean Atacama desert, 50 kilometers to the east of San Pedro de Atacama. It is a very dry site - inhospitable to humans - but an excellent site for submillimetre astronomy...

, Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...

Côte d'Azur Observatory
Côte d'Azur Observatory
The Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur originated in 1988 with the merger of two observatories:# Observatoire de Nice# The CERGA - External links :*...

1988 France
Crane Observatory
Crane Observatory
Crane Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Washburn University. It is located in Topeka, Kansas .-References:# -External links:* Forecasts of observing conditions covering Crane Observatory....

Topeka, Kansas
Topeka, Kansas
Topeka |Kansa]]: Tó Pee Kuh) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Kansas and the county seat of Shawnee County. It is situated along the Kansas River in the central part of Shawnee County, located in northeast Kansas, in the Central United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was...

, USA
Crawford Observatory 1880 Cork
Cork (city)
Cork is the second largest city in the Republic of Ireland and the island of Ireland's third most populous city. It is the principal city and administrative centre of County Cork and the largest city in the province of Munster. Cork has a population of 119,418, while the addition of the suburban...

, Ireland
Creighton University Observatory
Creighton University Observatory
Creighton University Observatory is located on the Creighton University campus in Omaha, Nebraska. It was the first observatory in Omaha, and the second in Nebraska. It was used primarily for instruction of students, though the directors did do some research in the observatory...

 (defunct)
1886–1955 Omaha, Nebraska
Omaha, Nebraska
Omaha is the largest city in the state of Nebraska, United States, and is the county seat of Douglas County. It is located in the Midwestern United States on the Missouri River, about 20 miles north of the mouth of the Platte River...

, USA
Crimean Astrophysical Observatory
Crimean Astrophysical Observatory
The Crimean Astrophysical Observatory is located in Ukraine. CrAO has been publishing the Bulletin of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory since 1947, in English since 1977. The observatory facilities are located near the settlement of Nauchny since the mid-1950s; before that, they were further...

1945 Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...

Črni Vrh Observatory
Crni Vrh Observatory
The Črni Vrh Observatory is located in Western Slovenia, close to the settlement Črni Vrh, near the town of Idrija. The current observatory was built in 1985, and is at an altitude of 730 metres...

1975 Idrija
Idrija
Idrija is a small town and municipality in the Goriška region of Slovenia. It is known for its mercury mine and lace....

, Slovenia
Cupillari Observatory
Cupillari Observatory
Thomas G. Cupillari Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Keystone College out of La Plume, Pennsylvania .-References:# -External links:* Forecasts of observing conditions....

La Plume, Pennsylvania
La Plume Township, Pennsylvania
La Plume Township is a township in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 602 at the 2010 census. It is home to Keystone College.-Geography:...

, USA
CUASAR, University of Valencia observatory 2008 Aras de los Olmos
Aras de los Olmos
Aras de los Olmos is a municipality of Valencia, Spain. Belonging to the province of Valencia, in the region of Los Serranos.- Geography :...

, Valencia, Spain
Custer Observatory
Custer Observatory
Custer Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Custer Institute.Located in Southold, New York , facing Peconic Bay and Shelter Island, Custer's location boasts some of the darkest skies on Long Island....

1927 Southold, New York
Southold, New York
Southold is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York, United States. It is located in the northeastern tip of the county, on the North Fork of Long Island. The population was 20,599 at the 2000 census...

, USA

D

Name Established Location
Daniel Scholl Observatory
Daniel Scholl Observatory
Daniel Scholl Observatory was the astronomical observatory built by Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Construction began in 1884 and the building was dedicated June 16, 1886...

 (defunct)
1886–1966 Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Lancaster is a city in the south-central part of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is the county seat of Lancaster County and one of the older inland cities in the United States, . With a population of 59,322, it ranks eighth in population among Pennsylvania's cities...

, USA
Dark Sky Observatory 1981 Phillips Gap, Wilkes County, North Carolina
Wilkes County, North Carolina
Wilkes County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The 2000 U.S. Census listed the county's population at 65,632; the 2010 U.S. Census listed the population at 69,340...

, USA
Darling's Observatory
Darling's Observatory
Darling's Observatory was a private observatory built by Mr. J. H. Darling in Duluth, Minnesota. The site of the observatory was on West 3rd St. between 9th and 10th avenues in Duluth, MN, and sat about 325 feet above Lake Superior . Plans for the building were drawn by Richard E. Schmidt of...

 (defunct)
1917 Duluth, Minnesota
Duluth, Minnesota
Duluth is a port city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and is the county seat of Saint Louis County. The fourth largest city in Minnesota, Duluth had a total population of 86,265 in the 2010 census. Duluth is also the second largest city that is located on Lake Superior after Thunder Bay, Ontario,...

, USA
Dearborn Observatory
Dearborn Observatory
The Dearborn Observatory is an astronomical observatory located on the Evanston campus of Northwestern University. The observatory was originally constructed in 1888...

1889 Evanston, Illinois
Evanston, Illinois
Evanston is a suburban municipality in Cook County, Illinois 12 miles north of downtown Chicago, bordering Chicago to the south, Skokie to the west, and Wilmette to the north, with an estimated population of 74,360 as of 2003. It is one of the North Shore communities that adjoin Lake Michigan...

, USA
Detroit Observatory
Detroit Observatory
The Detroit Observatory sits on the corner of Observatory and Ann streets in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It was built in 1854, and was the first scientific research facility at the University of Michigan...

1854 Ann Arbor, Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Ann Arbor is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Washtenaw County. The 2010 census places the population at 113,934, making it the sixth largest city in Michigan. The Ann Arbor Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 344,791 as of 2010...

, USA
David Dunlap Observatory
David Dunlap Observatory
The David Dunlap Observatory is a large astronomical observatory site once owned by the University of Toronto, located just north of the city in Richmond Hill, Ontario within a estate. Its primary instrument is a 74-inch reflector telescope, at one time the second largest telescope in the world,...

1935 Richmond Hill, Ontario
Richmond Hill, Ontario
Richmond Hill is a town located in Southern Ontario, Canada in the central portion of York Region, Ontario. It is part of the Greater Toronto Area, being located about halfway between Toronto and Lake Simcoe...

, Canada
Dome C
Dome C
Dome C, also known as Dome Circe or Dome Charlie, located at Antarctica at an altitude of 3,233 m or 10,607 ft above sea level, is one of several summits or "domes" of the Antarctic Ice Sheet...

Antarctica
Domingos Forlin Observatory 2003 Videira
Videira
Videira is a city in the state of Santa Catarina in Brazil. The estimated population in 2006 was 47,510 inhabitants.The city is called "Capital do Vinho" in reference to the production of this alcoholic drink...

, Santa Catarina
Santa Catarina (state)
Santa Catarina is a state in southern Brazil with one of the highest standards of living in Latin America. Its capital is Florianópolis, which mostly lies on the Santa Catarina Island. Neighbouring states are Rio Grande do Sul to the south and Paraná to the north. It is bounded on the east by...

, Brazil
Dominion Observatory
Dominion Observatory
The Dominion Observatory was an astronomical observatory in Ottawa, Canada that operated from 1902 to 1970. The Observatory was also an institution within the Canadian Federal Government. The observatory grew out of the Department of the Interior's need for the precise coordinates and timekeeping...

1905 Ottawa
Ottawa
Ottawa is the capital of Canada, the second largest city in the Province of Ontario, and the fourth largest city in the country. The city is located on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of Southern Ontario...

, Ontario
Ontario
Ontario is a province of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province and second largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa....

, Canada
Dominion Astrophysical Observatory
Dominion Astrophysical Observatory
The Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, located on Observatory Hill, in Saanich, British Columbia, was completed in 1918 by the Canadian government. Proposed and designed by John S...

1947 Saanich, British Columbia
Saanich, British Columbia
The District of Saanich is a municipality on Vancouver Island in British Columbia. It is located north of the provincial capital, Victoria. It has a population of 108,265 people, making it the most populous municipality on Vancouver Island, and the seventh most populous in the province...

, Canada
Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory
Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory
The Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory is a research facility founded in 1960 and located south-west of Okanagan Falls, British Columbia, Canada. The site houses three instruments – an interferometric radio telescope, a 26-m single-dish antenna, and a solar flux monitor – and...

1960 Penticton, British Columbia
British Columbia
British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858...

, Canada
Dunsink Observatory
Dunsink Observatory
The Dunsink Observatory is an astronomical observatory established in 1785 in the townland of Dunsink near the city of Dublin, Ireland.Its most famous director was William Rowan Hamilton, who, amongst other things, discovered quaternions, the first non-commutative algebra, while strolling from the...

1785 Dublin, Ireland
Dyer Observatory
Dyer Observatory
The Dyer Observatory, also known as the Arthur J. Dyer Observatory, is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Vanderbilt University. Built in 1953, it is located in Brentwood, Tennessee, and is the only university facility not located on the main campus in Nashville. The observatory is...

1953 Brentwood, Tennessee
Brentwood, Tennessee
-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 23,445 people, 7,693 households, and 6,808 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 7,889 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 94.63% European American, 1.89% African American,...

, USA

E

Name Established Location
Echo Valley Observatory
Echo Valley Observatory
Echo Valley Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Delta Grandview Resort, south of Algonquin Park, east of Huntsville, Ontario, Canada.-External links:* Forecast of observing conditions*...

Algonquin Park, Ontario
Ontario
Ontario is a province of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province and second largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa....

, Canada
Effelsberg Radio Telescope
Effelsberg
The Effelsberg 100-m Radio Telescope is a radio telescope in the Ahrgebirge in Bad Münstereifel, district of Euskirchen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.- Geography :...

1972 Bonn
Bonn
Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located in the Cologne/Bonn Region, about 25 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was the capital of West Germany from 1949 to 1990 and the official seat of government of united Germany from 1990 to 1999....

, Germany
Einstein Observatory
Einstein Observatory
Einstein Observatory was the first fully imaging X-ray telescope put into space and the second of NASA's three High Energy Astrophysical Observatories...

 (defunct)
1978 Low Earth orbit
Low Earth orbit
A low Earth orbit is generally defined as an orbit within the locus extending from the Earth’s surface up to an altitude of 2,000 km...

Elginfield Observatory 1969 Middlesex Centre, Ontario
Middlesex Centre, Ontario
Middlesex Centre is a township in south-western Ontario, Canada. It is located to the north and west of London and is in Middlesex County. The Corporation of the Township of Middlesex Centre, formed on January 1, 1998 with the amalgamation of the former Townships of Delaware, Lobo, and London...

, Canada
Ellis Observatory 2004 Sterling Hill Mining Museum
Sterling Hill Mining Museum
The Sterling Hill Mine, now known as the Sterling Hill Mining Museum, is a former iron and zinc mine in Ogdensburg, New Jersey. It was the last working underground mine in New Jersey when it closed in 1986. It became a museum in 1989. Along with the nearby Franklin Mine, it is known for its...

, Ogdensburg, New Jersey
Ogdensburg, New Jersey
Ogdensburg is a Borough in Sussex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, the borough population was 2,638.The borough was formed based on an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 26, 1914, from part of Sparta Township, based on the results of a referendum...

, USA
Eskdalemuir Observatory
Eskdalemuir Observatory
The Eskdalemuir Observatory is located near Eskdalemuir, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. Built in 1904, its remote location was chosen to minimise electrical interference with geomagnetic instruments, which were relocated there from Kew Observatory in 1908 after the advent of electrification in...

1908 Dumfries and Galloway
Dumfries and Galloway
Dumfries and Galloway is one of 32 unitary council areas of Scotland. It was one of the nine administrative 'regions' of mainland Scotland created in 1975 by the Local Government etc. Act 1973...

, Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...

European Gravitational Observatory
European Gravitational Observatory
The European Gravitational Observatory or EGO is located in the countryside near Pisa in the Comune of Cascina. In order to ensure the long term scientific exploitation of the VIRGO interferometric antenna for gravitational waves detection as well as to foster European collaboration in this...

2003]] Cascina
Cascina
Cascina is a comune in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 60 km west of Florence and about 13 km southeast of Pisa....

, Italy]]
European Southern Observatory
European Southern Observatory
The European Southern Observatory is an intergovernmental research organisation for astronomy, supported by fifteen countries...

  • La Silla Observatory
    La Silla Observatory
    La Silla Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Chile with three telescopes built and operated by the European Southern Observatory organisation, and several others are partly maintained by ESO...

  • Llano de Chajnantor Observatory
    Llano de Chajnantor Observatory
    Llano de Chajnantor Observatory is an astronomical observatory located at an altitude of 5,104 m in the Chilean Atacama desert, 50 kilometers to the east of San Pedro de Atacama. It is a very dry site - inhospitable to humans - but an excellent site for submillimetre astronomy...

  • Paranal Observatory
    Paranal Observatory
    Paranal Observatory is an astronomical observatory located on Cerro Paranal at 2,635 m altitude and operated by the European Southern Observatory. The Very Large Telescope is the largest telescope on Paranal, actually composed of four separate 8.2 m telescopes...

1962
  • 1969
  • 2005
  • 1999
  • Atacama Desert
    Atacama Desert
    The Atacama Desert is a plateau in South America, covering a strip of land on the Pacific coast, west of the Andes mountains. It is, according to NASA, National Geographic and many other publications, the driest desert in the world...

    , Chile
    Chile
    Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...


    F

    Name Established Location
    Fabra Observatory
    Fabra Observatory
    The Fabra Observatory is an astronomical observatory located in Barcelona, Catalonia, pointed towards the south at 415 m of altitude over the level of the sea ....

    1906 Barcelona
    Barcelona
    Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...

    , Spain
    Fan Mountain Observatory
    Fan Mountain Observatory
    Fan Mountain Observatory , an observatory operated by the Astronomy Department of the University of Virginia in southern Albemarle County, Virginia...

    1966 Albemarle County, Virginia
    Virginia
    The Commonwealth of Virginia , is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" after the eight U.S. presidents born there...

    , USA
    Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope
    Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope
    FAST, or the Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope, first proposed in 1994, is a radio telescope to be built by 2013 in a natural basin (大窝凼洼地), Pingtang County 平塘县 near Duyun, capital of the Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture 黔南布依族苗族自治州, Guizhou Province 贵州, southwest China ...

    2013 Duyun, Pingtang County, Guizhou
    Guizhou
    ' is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the southwestern part of the country. Its provincial capital city is Guiyang.- History :...

     Province, China
    Félix Aguilar Observatory
    Félix Aguilar Observatory
    Félix Aguilar Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Argentina. It has IAU observatory code 808, and was known as "El Leoncito Observatory" until 1990 , when it became Estación Astronómica Carlos Ulrico Cesco , in honour of Dr. Cesco's many contributions to the founding and operation of the...

    1965 San Juan, Argentina
    San Juan, Argentina
    San Juan is the capital city of the Argentine province of San Juan in the Cuyo region, located in the Tulúm Valley, west of the San Juan River, at above mean sea level, with a population of around 112,000 as per the ....

    Fernbank Observatory
    Fernbank Observatory
    Fernbank Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the Fernbank Science Center.It is located between Decatur and Atlanta, Georgia. It claims to have the largest telescope in the American southeast outside of Virginia, however, a 1-m aperture spectroscopic telescope is found...

    Atlanta, Georgia
    Atlanta, Georgia
    Atlanta is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia. According to the 2010 census, Atlanta's population is 420,003. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, which is home to 5,268,860 people and is the ninth largest metropolitan area in...

    , USA
    Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope 2008 Orbit
    Orbit
    In physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved path of an object around a point in space, for example the orbit of a planet around the center of a star system, such as the Solar System...

    Fick Observatory
    Fick Observatory
    Fick ObservatoryOrganizationIowa State UniversityLocationBoone, Iowa, USACoordinatesAltitude314 m WebpageTelescopesMather0.6 m reflectorRadio8.5 m dish...

    1966 Boone, Iowa
    Boone, Iowa
    Boone is a city in and the county seat of Des Moines Township, Boone County, Iowa, United States. It is the principal city of the 'Boone, Iowa Micropolitan Statistical Area', which encompasses all of Boone County. This micropolitan statistical area, along with the 'Ames, Iowa Metropolitan...

    , USA
    Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory
    Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory
    The Five College Radio Astronomical Observatory was an radio astronomy observatory located on a peninsula in the Quabbin Reservoir. It was sited in the town of New Salem, Massachusetts on land that was originally part of Prescott, Massachusetts...

    1976 New Salem, Massachusetts
    New Salem, Massachusetts
    New Salem is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 990 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area.- History :...

    , USA
    Flarestar Observatory
    Flarestar Observatory
    Flarestar Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by International Astronomical Union . It is located near San Gwann on the island country of Malta, at . Its observatory code is 171.-External links:*...

    San Gwann
    San Gwann
    -History:The San Ġwann suburb is mostly made up of relatively modern buildings having been established as a parish only in 1965. However, the few scattered archeological remains found in the region suggest that San Ġwann has an ancient history which is woven into the national history of Malta.The...

    , Malta
    Malta
    Malta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in...

    Foggy Bottom Observatory
    Foggy Bottom Observatory
    Foggy Bottom Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Colgate University. Its IAU code is 776. Built in 1951, it is located in Hamilton, New York .-References:# -External links:* Forecasts of observing conditions....

    1951 Hamilton, New York
    Hamilton (village), New York
    The Village of Hamilton is a village located within the town of Hamilton in Madison County, New York, USA.-Geography and climate:The village, located at , lies in the Chenango Valley, just south of the headwaters of the Chenango River. The village is approximately southeast of Syracuse and ...

    , USA
    Foothill Observatory
    Foothill Observatory
    Foothill Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Peninsula Astronomical Society and Foothill College. It is located on the college's campus in Los Altos Hills, California...

    Los Altos Hills, California
    Los Altos Hills, California
    Los Altos Hills is an incorporated town in Santa Clara County, California, United States. The population was 7,922 at the 2010 census. Located in Silicon Valley, Los Altos Hills is one of the wealthiest cities in the nation.-Strictly residential:...

    , USA
    Ford Observatory
    Clinton B. Ford Observatory
    This article is about the New York observatory. For the California location see Ford Observatory .The Clinton B. Ford Observatory is an astronomical observatory that is operated by the Ithaca College physics department. The observatory is located in the forest on the south end of the Ithaca...

    1998 Ithaca
    Ithaca, New York
    The city of Ithaca, is a city in upstate New York and the county seat of Tompkins County, as well as the largest community in the Ithaca-Tompkins County metropolitan area...

    , New York
    New York
    New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...

    , USA
    Fox Observatory
    Fox Observatory
    Fox Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by South Florida Amateur Astronomers Association. It is located in Sunrise, Florida ....

    Sunrise, Florida
    Sunrise, Florida
    -Overview:Sunrise is a city in southwestern Broward County, Florida, United States. It was incorporated in 1961 by Norman Johnson – a developer whose World Famous Upside-Down House attracted buyers to what was then a remote area...

    , USA
    Fox Park Public Observatory
    Fox Park Public Observatory
    Fox Park Public Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the Eaton County Parks Department and local amateur astronomers. Built in 1999, it is located in Fox Memorial Park near Potterville, Michigan .-External links:...

    1999 Potterville, Michigan
    Potterville, Michigan
    Potterville is a city in Eaton County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,168 at the 2000 census.-History:Potterville is named after Linus Potter, who settled his family in the area in November, 1844. Linus was elected supervisor of Benton Township in 1846...

    , USA
    Francis Marion University Observatory
    Francis Marion University Observatory
    Francis Marion University Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Francis Marion University. Built in 1982, it is located in Florence, South Carolina .-References:# -External links:* Forecasts of observing conditions....

    1982 Florence, South Carolina
    Florence, South Carolina
    -Municipal government and politics:The City of Florence has a council-manager form of government. The mayor and city council are elected every four years, with no term limits...

    , USA
    Fremont Peak Observatory
    Fremont Peak Observatory
    Fremont Peak Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Fremont Peak Observatory Association. Built in 1986, it is located in Fremont Peak State Park, near San Juan Bautista, California. Fremont Peak Observatory houses the Challenger telescope.Fremont Peak Observatory is...

    1986 San Juan Bautista, California
    San Juan Bautista, California
    San Juan Bautista is a city in San Benito County, California, United States. The population was 1,862 at the 2010 census, up from 1,549 at the 2000 census. The city of San Juan Bautista was named after Mission San Juan Bautista...

    , USA
    Frosty Drew Observatory
    Frosty Drew Observatory
    Frosty Drew Observatory is an educational astronomical observatory owned and operated by the Frosty Drew Memorial Fund. It is located in the Ninigret National Wildlife Refuge in Charlestown, Rhode Island midway along the coast line between Westerly and Point Judith. It is named after Edwin...

    1980s Charlestown, Rhode Island
    Charlestown, Rhode Island
    Charlestown is a town in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 7,827 at the 2010 census.-History:Charlestown is named after King Charles II, and was incorporated in 1738. The area was formerly part of the town of Westerly...

    , USA
    Fuertes Observatory
    Fuertes Observatory
    Fuertes Observatory is an observatory located on the North Campus of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. The observatory was completed in fall of 1917 and was originally used by the Civil Engineering Department as an instructional field office for navigation and surveying...

    1920's Ithaca, New York
    Ithaca, New York
    The city of Ithaca, is a city in upstate New York and the county seat of Tompkins County, as well as the largest community in the Ithaca-Tompkins County metropolitan area...

    , USA

    G

    Name Established Location
    Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX
    GALEX
    The Galaxy Evolution Explorer is an orbiting ultraviolet space telescope launched on April 28, 2003. A Pegasus rocket placed the craft into a nearly circular orbit at an altitude of and an inclination to the Earth's equator of 29 degrees....

    )
    2003 Caltech, JPL
    Galloway Forest Observatory 2007 Newton Stewart
    Newton Stewart
    Newton Stewart is a burgh town in the south of Scotland in the west of the region of Dumfries and Galloway and in the county of Wigtownshire....

    , Wigtownshire
    Wigtownshire
    Wigtownshire or the County of Wigtown is a registration county in the Southern Uplands of south west Scotland. Until 1975, the county was one of the administrative counties used for local government purposes, and is now administered as part of the council area of Dumfries and Galloway...

    , Scotland
    Scotland
    Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...

    , UK
    Gauribidanur Radio Observatory
    Gauribidanur Radio Observatory
    The Gauribidanur Radio Observatory is a radio telescope observatory located at Gauribidanur, near Bengaluru. It is operated jointly by Raman Research Institute and the Indian Institute of Astrophysics...

    1976 Gauribidanur
    Gauribidanur
    Gauribidanur is a historical town in Kolar district; now a part of Chikballapur district in the state of Karnataka, India. It is about 75 km from Bangalore, and 25 km from the Educational Hub of Muddenahalli-Kanivenarayanapura. kannada is spoken widely as primary luanguage...

    , Karnataka
    Karnataka
    Karnataka , the land of the Kannadigas, is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava...

     , India
    India
    India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

    Gemini Observatory
    Gemini Observatory
    The Gemini Observatory is an astronomical observatory consisting of two telescopes at sites in Hawai‘i and Chile. Together, the twin Gemini telescopes provide almost complete coverage of both the northern and southern skies...

    1999 Southern Operations Center: La Serena, Chile
    Chile
    Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...

    ; Northern Operations Center: Hilo, Hawaii, USA
    Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (GMRT) 1995 Pune
    Pune
    Pune , is the eighth largest metropolis in India, the second largest in the state of Maharashtra after Mumbai, and the largest city in the Western Ghats. Once the centre of power of the Maratha Empire, it is situated 560 metres above sea level on the Deccan plateau at the confluence of the Mula ...

    , Maharashtra
    Maharashtra
    Maharashtra is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India...

    , India
    India
    India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

    Gifford Observatory
    Gifford Observatory
    The Gifford Observatory is an astronomical observation facility located in Mount Victoria, Wellington, New Zealand. Operated by the Gifford Observatory Trust with the intent of making it available for use to Wellington school children, it is primarily used by secondary school students, and members...

    1912 Wellington
    Wellington
    Wellington is the capital city and third most populous urban area of New Zealand, although it is likely to have surpassed Christchurch due to the exodus following the Canterbury Earthquake. It is at the southwestern tip of the North Island, between Cook Strait and the Rimutaka Range...

    , New Zealand
    Girawali Observatory
    Girawali Observatory
    IUCAA Girawali Observatory is an optical astronomy observatory run by the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics , Pune. The Observatory is located about 80 km from Pune City, off the Pune Nashik Highway.-History:...

    2006 Pune
    Pune
    Pune , is the eighth largest metropolis in India, the second largest in the state of Maharashtra after Mumbai, and the largest city in the Western Ghats. Once the centre of power of the Maratha Empire, it is situated 560 metres above sea level on the Deccan plateau at the confluence of the Mula ...

    , Maharashtra
    Maharashtra
    Maharashtra is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India...

    , India
    India
    India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

    Glen D. Riley Observatory
    Glen D. Riley Observatory
    Glen D. Riley Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Naperville Astronomical Association. It was founded 1973 and located in Naperville, Illinois . Partnered with the DuPage Valley Observatory, which is equipped with a custom 12.5" astrograph for video imaging; together,...

    1973 Naperville, Illinois
    Naperville, Illinois
    Naperville is a city in DuPage and Will Counties in Illinois in the United States, voted the second best place to live in the United States by Money Magazine in 2006. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 141,853. It is the fifth largest city in the state, behind Chicago,...

    , USA
    Godlee Observatory
    Godlee Observatory
    The Godlee Observatory is an old astronomical observatory located in a tower on the roof of the University of Manchester's Sackville Street building , in the City Centre of Manchester, England. It was gifted to the city of Manchester by Francis Godlee when construction was completed in 1902...

    1902 Manchester
    Manchester
    Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Manchester was 498,800. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas, the metropolitan county of Greater...

    , England
    Goodsell Observatory
    Goodsell Observatory
    Goodsell Observatory is a building on the campus of Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota. It was constructed in 1887 and was, at the time, the largest observatory in the state of Minnesota. It was named for Charles Goodsell, who donated much of the land on which Carleton was founded...

    1887 Northfield, Minnesota
    Northfield, Minnesota
    As of the census of 2000, there were 17,147 people, 4,909 households, and 3,210 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,452.2 people per square mile . There were 5,119 housing units at an average density of 732.1 per square mile...

    , USA
    Goethe Link Observatory
    Goethe Link Observatory
    The Goethe Link Observatory is an astronomical observatory near Brooklyn, Indiana , owned by Indiana University and operated by the Indiana Astronomical Society. It is named in honour of Dr. Goethe Link, an Indianapolis surgeon, who built it with his private funds. Construction of the observatory...

    1939 Brooklyn, Indiana
    Brooklyn, Indiana
    Brooklyn is a town in Clay Township, Morgan County, Indiana, United States. The population was 1,598 at the 2010 census.-Geography:Brooklyn is located at ....

    , USA
    Goldendale Observatory
    Goldendale Observatory State Park
    Goldendale Observatory State Park is an educational facility near Goldendale, Washington. It was acquired by the state of Washington in 1980, after being operated by the Goldendale Observatory Corporation since October 13, 1973....

    1973 Goldendale, Washington
    Goldendale, Washington
    Goldendale is a rural agricultural town in and the county seat of Klickitat County, Washington, United States, near the Columbia River Gorge. The population within city limits was 3,760 at the 2000 census and 3,407, a 9.4% decrease at the 2010 census. A nationally known point of interest is north...

    , USA
    Gornergrat (HFSJG)
    Gornergrat Infrared Telescope
    The Telescopio InfraRosso del Gornergrat is located on the northern tower of the Kulm Hotel at Gornergrat near Zermatt, Switzerland. It was a Cassegrain telescope with a tip-tilt correcting secondary and optimized for infrared observations, but was decommissioned in March 2005...

     (defunct)
    1967-2005 Gornergrat
    Gornergrat
    The Gornergrat is a ridge of the Pennine Alps, Switzerland, overlooking the Gorner Glacier to the south. It can be reached by the Gornergratbahn rack railway from Zermatt...

    , Switzerland
    Switzerland
    Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....

    Granat
    Granat
    The International Astrophysical Observatory "GRANAT" , was a Soviet space observatory developed in collaboration with France, Denmark and Bulgaria. It was launched on 1 December 1989 aboard a Proton rocket and placed in a highly eccentric four-day orbit, of which three were devoted to observations...

     (defunct)
    1989-1999 Highly eccentric Earth orbit
    Gran Telescopio Canarias
    Gran Telescopio Canarias
    The Gran Telescopio Canarias , also known as GranTeCan or GTC, is a reflecting telescope undertaking commissioning observations at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on the island of La Palma, in the Canary Islands of Spain, as of July 2009.Construction of the telescope, sited on a volcanic...

    2006 Canary Islands
    Canary Islands
    The Canary Islands , also known as the Canaries , is a Spanish archipelago located just off the northwest coast of mainland Africa, 100 km west of the border between Morocco and the Western Sahara. The Canaries are a Spanish autonomous community and an outermost region of the European Union...

    , Spain
    Grant O. Gale Observatory
    Grant O. Gale Observatory
    Grant O. Gale Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Grinnell College Department of Physics. Robert Cadmus typically observes. The observatory is located in Grinnell, Iowa . Constructed in 1984, it is named after Grant O. Gale, a distinguished teacher and curator of...

    1984 Grinnell, Iowa
    Grinnell, Iowa
    Grinnell is a city in Poweshiek County, Iowa, United States. The population was 9,218 at the 2010 census. Grinnell was named after Josiah Bushnell Grinnell and is the home of Grinnell College.- History :...

    , USA
    Green Bank Telescope
    Green Bank Telescope
    The Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope is the world's largest fully steerable radio telescope and the world's largest land-based movable structure. It is part of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory site at Green Bank, West Virginia, USA. The telescope honors the name of the late Senator...

    ,
    Green Bank, West Virginia
    Green Bank, West Virginia
    Green Bank is a census-designated place in Pocahontas County in West Virginia's Potomac Highlands inside the Allegheny Mountain Range. Green Bank is located along WV 28. Green Bank is also close to the Snowshoe Mountain ski resort...

    , USA
    Green Point Observatory
    Green Point Observatory
    Green Point Observatory is a private observatory in Oyster Bay, Sydney, Australia, and is the home of the Sutherland Astronomical Society. It is located at the corner of Green Point and Caravan Head Roads. It consists of a dome, library, 41cm Newtonian telescope, a meeting hall seating 100 people,...

    ,
    1961 Sutherland, New South Wales
    Sutherland, New South Wales
    Sutherland is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Sutherland is located 26 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district and is the administrative centre for the local government area of the Sutherland Shire....

    , Australia
    Griffith Observatory
    Griffith Observatory
    Griffith Observatory is in Los Angeles, California, United States. Sitting on the south-facing slope of Mount Hollywood in L.A.'s Griffith Park, it commands a view of the Los Angeles Basin, including downtown Los Angeles to the southeast, Hollywood to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest...

    1935 Los Angeles, California
    California
    California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...

    , USA
    Guillermo Haro Observatory
    Guillermo Haro Observatory
    The Guillermo Haro Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica in the Mexican state of Sonora...

    Cananea
    Cananea
    -Economy:Mining is the main source of revenue for Cananea and will be for the foreseeable future. Eighty percent of the population is directly or indirectly supported by mining companies in Cananea. The first and most important mining company is Mexicana de Cananea, S.A. de C.V. owned by and...

    , Sonora
    Sonora
    Sonora officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Sonora is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 72 municipalities; the capital city is Hermosillo....

    , Mexico

    H

    Name Established Location
    HALCA
    HALCA
    The HALCA , also known for its project name VSOP , or the code name MUSES-B for the second of the Mu Space Engineering Spacecraft series, is a Japanese 8 meter diameter radio telescope satellite which was used for Very Long Baseline Interferometry...

     (defunct)
    1997–2005 Elliptical earth-centered orbit
    Haleakala Observatory
    Haleakala Observatory
    The Haleakala High Altitude Observatory site, on the Island of Maui is the site of Hawaii's first astronomical research observatory. At elevation, Haleakala is above one third of the Earth's atmosphere...

    Maui, Hawaii, USA
    Halley Observatory 1987 Heesch
    Heesch (Netherlands)
    Heesch is a town in the Dutch province of North Brabant. It is located in the municipality of Bernheze, about 3 km south of Oss. Heesch was a separate municipality until 1994, when it merged with Heeswijk-Dinther and Nistelrode. The new municipality was originally called "Heesch", but changed...

    , Netherlands
    Hamburg Observatory 1803 Hamburg
    Hamburg
    -History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...

    , Germany
    Hancock Astrophysical Observatory San Juan Bautista, California
    San Juan Bautista, California
    San Juan Bautista is a city in San Benito County, California, United States. The population was 1,862 at the 2010 census, up from 1,549 at the 2000 census. The city of San Juan Bautista was named after Mission San Juan Bautista...

    , USA
    Hat Creek Radio Observatory
    Hat Creek Radio Observatory
    The Hat Creek Radio Observatory is operated by the Radio Astronomy Laboratory in the Western United States.- Location :...

    1950s Shasta County, California
    Shasta County, California
    Shasta County is a county located in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. The county occupies the northern reaches of the Sacramento Valley, with portions extending into the southern reaches of the Cascade Range. As of the 2010 census, the population was 177,223, up from 163,256...

    , USA
    Hard Labor Creek Observatory
    Hard Labor Creek Observatory
    Hard Labor Creek Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Georgia State University in the United States. It is located within Hard Labor Creek State Park, 50 miles east of the Atlanta, Georgia campus.-References:# -External links:...

    Atlanta
    Atlanta, Georgia
    Atlanta is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia. According to the 2010 census, Atlanta's population is 420,003. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, which is home to 5,268,860 people and is the ninth largest metropolitan area in...

    , Georgia
    Georgia (U.S. state)
    Georgia is a state located in the southeastern United States. It was established in 1732, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies. The state is named after King George II of Great Britain. Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2, 1788...

    , USA
    Hartung-Boothroyd Observatory
    Hartung-Boothroyd Observatory
    The Hartung–Boothroyd Observatory is located atop Mount Pleasant near the Cornell University in Ithaca, New York . It is used mainly as a teaching facility for upper-level astronomy classes. The observatory is named in honor of M. John Hartung and Samuel L. Boothroyd. The telescope construction...

    1974 Ithaca, New York
    Ithaca, New York
    The city of Ithaca, is a city in upstate New York and the county seat of Tompkins County, as well as the largest community in the Ithaca-Tompkins County metropolitan area...

    , USA
    Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory
    Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory
    The Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory is a radio astronomy observatory located in a natural bowl of hills at Hartebeesthoek just south of the Magaliesberg mountain range, Gauteng, South Africa, about 50 km west of Johannesburg...

    Gauteng
    Gauteng
    Gauteng is one of the nine provinces of South Africa. It was formed from part of the old Transvaal Province after South Africa's first all-race elections on 27 April 1994...

    , South Africa
    South Africa
    The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...

    Harvard College Observatory
    Harvard College Observatory
    The Harvard College Observatory is an institution managing a complex of buildings and multiple instruments used for astronomical research by the Harvard University Department of Astronomy. It is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and was founded in 1839...

    1839 Cambridge, Massachusetts
    Cambridge, Massachusetts
    Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, in the Greater Boston area. It was named in honor of the University of Cambridge in England, an important center of the Puritan theology embraced by the town's founders. Cambridge is home to two of the world's most prominent...

    , USA
    Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
    Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
    The Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics is one of the largest and most diverse astrophysical institutions in the world, where scientists carry out a broad program of research in astronomy, astrophysics, earth and space sciences, and science education...

    1973 Cambridge, Massachusetts
    Cambridge, Massachusetts
    Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, in the Greater Boston area. It was named in honor of the University of Cambridge in England, an important center of the Puritan theology embraced by the town's founders. Cambridge is home to two of the world's most prominent...

    , USA
    Haute-Provence Observatory
    Haute-Provence Observatory
    The Observatoire de Haute-Provence was established in 1937 as a national facility for French astronomers. Astronomical observations began in 1943 using the 1.20 m telescope, and the first research papers based on observations made at the observatory were published in 1944...

    1937 Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
    Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
    Alpes-de-Haute-Provence is a French department in the south of France, it was formerly part of the province of Provence.- History :Nord-de-Provence was one of the 83 original departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790...

    , France
    Haystack Observatory
    Haystack Observatory
    Haystack Observatory is a group of astronomical observatories owned and operated by Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It is located in Westford, Massachusetts . It is the home of the Millstone Hill Observatory....

    1964 Westford, Massachusetts
    Westford, Massachusetts
    Westford is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 21,951 at the 2010 census.-History:Originally a part of neighboring Chelmsford, West Chelmsford soon grew large enough to sustain its own governance, and was officially incorporated as Westford on September 23,...

    , USA
    Hector J Robinson Observatory
    Hector J Robinson Observatory
    The Hector J. Robinson Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Lincoln Park, Michigan. It houses a Celestron SCT. It went back into operation in September 2009...

    1964 Lincoln Park, Michigan
    Lincoln Park, Michigan
    Lincoln Park is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It lies in an area of cities and communities known as Downriver. The population was 38,144 at the 2010 census . The settlement was organized as a village in 1921, and reorganized as a city in 1925. The area was originally home to...

    , USA
    Helsinki University Observatory
    Helsinki University Observatory
    Helsinki University Observatory housed the Department of Astronomy at the University of Helsinki, south Finland until end of 2009.- History :...

    1834 Helsinki
    Helsinki
    Helsinki is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is in the region of Uusimaa, located in southern Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, an arm of the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is , making it by far the most populous municipality in Finland. Helsinki is...

    /Kirkkonummi
    Kirkkonummi
    Kirkkonummi is a municipality of inhabitants in southern Finland. The literal meaning of the words "Kirkkonummi" and "Kyrkslätt" in English is "church moor"....

    , Finland
    Herrett Observatory
    Herrett Observatory
    The CSI Centennial Observatory at the Herrett Center for Arts & Science is a public astronomical observatory located in Twin Falls, Idaho . It opened on May 22, 2004 and features one of the world's largest fully handicapped-accessible public telescopes....

    2004 Twin Falls, Idaho, USA
    Herschel Space Observatory
    Herschel Space Observatory
    The Herschel Space Observatory is a European Space Agency space observatory sensitive to the far infrared and submillimetre wavebands. It is the largest space telescope ever launched, carrying a single mirror of in diameter....

    2009 Earth-Sun L2 point
    Hidden Valley Observatory
    Hidden Valley Observatory
    Hidden Valley Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Black Hills Astronomical Society. It is located just outside of Rapid City, South Dakota . It is named after the road on which it was built in the 1960s.-References:#...

    1960s Rapid City, South Dakota
    Rapid City, South Dakota
    Rapid City is the second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Dakota, and the county seat of Pennington County. Named after Rapid Creek on which the city is established, it is set against the eastern slope of the Black Hills mountain range. The population was 67,956 as of the 2010 Census. Rapid...

    , USA
    Hirsch Observatory
    Hirsch Observatory
    The Hirsch Observatory is an astronomical observatory at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York. It is located on the roof of the Jonsson-Rowland Science Center and is used by members of the Rensselaer Astrophysical Society as well as astronomy students in laboratory exercises. It is...

    1942 Troy, New York
    Troy, New York
    Troy is a city in the US State of New York and the seat of Rensselaer County. Troy is located on the western edge of Rensselaer County and on the eastern bank of the Hudson River. Troy has close ties to the nearby cities of Albany and Schenectady, forming a region popularly called the Capital...

    , USA
    Hobbs Observatory
    Hobbs Observatory
    Hobbs Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire's Department of Physics and Astronomy and home to the Chippewa Valley Astronomical Society. It is located in the Beaver Creek Reserve four miles north of Fall Creek, Wisconsin...

    1974 Fall Creek, Wisconsin
    Fall Creek, Wisconsin
    Fall Creek is a village in Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,236 at the 2000 census. The village is located within and entirely surrounded by the Town of Lincoln.-Geography:Fall Creek is located at ....

    , USA
    Hoher List Observatory
    Hoher List Observatory
    The Hoher List Observatory is an astronomical observatory located about 60 km south of Bonn, Germany, near the town of Daun in the mountain range of Eifel. The observatory is operated by the Argelander Institute for Astronomy of the University of Bonn....

    1954 Daun, Germany
    Daun, Germany
    Daun is a town in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the district seat and also the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde of Daun.- Location :...

    Holcomb Observatory and Planetarium
    Holcomb Observatory and Planetarium
    Holcomb Observatory and Planetarium is a part of Butler University in Indianapolis, Indiana. A small observatory was built on the Butler campus on the east side of Indianapolis...

    1954 Indianapolis, Indiana
    Indianapolis, Indiana
    Indianapolis is the capital of the U.S. state of Indiana, and the county seat of Marion County, Indiana. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population is 839,489. It is by far Indiana's largest city and, as of the 2010 U.S...

    , USA
    Hong Kong Observatory
    Hong Kong Observatory
    Hong Kong Observatory is a department of the Hong Kong government. The Observatory forecasts weather and issues warnings on weather-related hazards...

    1883 Tsim Sha Tsui
    Tsim Sha Tsui
    Tsim Sha Tsui , often abbreviated as TST, is an urbanized area in southern Kowloon, Hong Kong. The area is administratively part of the Yau Tsim Mong District. Tsim Sha Tsui East is a piece of land reclaimed from the Hung Hom Bay now east of Tsim Sha Tsui...

    , Kowloon
    Kowloon
    Kowloon is an urban area in Hong Kong comprising the Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon. It is bordered by the Lei Yue Mun strait in the east, Mei Foo Sun Chuen and Stonecutter's Island in the west, Tate's Cairn and Lion Rock in the north, and Victoria Harbour in the south. It had a population of...

    , Hong Kong
    Hong Kong
    Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...

    Hopkins Observatory
    Hopkins Observatory
    Hopkins Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts . Constructed in 1838 by Albert Hopkins, the college claims that it is the oldest observatory in America....

    1838 Williamstown, Massachusetts
    Williamstown, Massachusetts
    Williamstown is a town in Berkshire County, in the northwest corner of Massachusetts. It shares a border with Vermont to the north and New York to the west. It is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 7,754 at the 2010 census...

    , USA
    Howell Observatory
    Howell Observatory
    The Howell Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Mississippi State University's Astronomy and Physics department. It is located in Starkville, Mississippi.-References:# -External links:* Forecasts of observing conditions....

    Starkville, Mississippi
    Starkville, Mississippi
    -Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 21,869 people, 9,462 households, and 4,721 families residing in the city. The population density was 851.4 people per square mile . There were 10,191 housing units at an average density of 396.7 per square mile...

    , USA
    Hradec Králové Observatory
    Hradec Králové Observatory
    Hvězdárna Hradec Králové is part astronomical observatory and part planetarium. Also housed in the same building are the Institute of Atmospheric Physics and the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. It is located on the southern outskirts of Hradec Králové in the Czech Republic, and was founded...

    1961 Hradec Králové
    Hradec Králové
    Hradec Králové is a city of the Czech Republic, in the Hradec Králové Region of Bohemia. The city's economy is based on food-processing technology, photochemical, and electronics manufacture. Traditional industries include musical instrument manufacturing – the best known being PETROF pianos...

    , Czech Republic
    Huairou Solar Observing Station
    Huairou Solar Observing Station
    The Huairou Solar Observing Station is a solar observatory in China. It is situated on a north bank of the Huairou Reservoir, about 40km north of Beijing. There are two telescopes. It is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of China, part of the Chinese Academy of Science.-External...

    Beijing
    Beijing
    Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...

    , China
    Hubble Space Telescope
    Hubble Space Telescope
    The Hubble Space Telescope is a space telescope that was carried into orbit by a Space Shuttle in 1990 and remains in operation. A 2.4 meter aperture telescope in low Earth orbit, Hubble's four main instruments observe in the near ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared...

    1990 Low Earth orbit
    Low Earth orbit
    A low Earth orbit is generally defined as an orbit within the locus extending from the Earth’s surface up to an altitude of 2,000 km...

    Hyde Memorial Observatory
    Hyde Memorial Observatory
    Hyde Memorial Observatory is a community astronomical observatory located in Lincoln, Nebraska surrounded Holmes lake. It is run totally by volunteers, furnished through public donations, and devoted purely to public viewing...

    1977 Lincoln, Nebraska
    Lincoln, Nebraska
    The City of Lincoln is the capital and the second-most populous city of the US state of Nebraska. Lincoln is also the county seat of Lancaster County and the home of the University of Nebraska. Lincoln's 2010 Census population was 258,379....

    , USA

    I

    Name Established Location
    Indian Astronomical Observatory
    Indian Astronomical Observatory
    The Indian Astronomical Observatory , located near Leh in Ladakh, India, has one of the world's highest sites for optical, infrared and gamma-ray telescopes. It is operated by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bengaluru. It is currently the second highest optical telescope in the...

    2001 Hanle
    Hanle
    Hanle can mean:* Hanle , located in eastern Indian Ladakh, near the Chinese border** The Indian Astronomical Observatory, adjacent to Hanle village, location of the highest major astronomical telescopes in the world and colloquially known as Hanle** Hanle Valley, valley containing Hanle village,...

    , Jammu and Kashmir
    Jammu and Kashmir
    Jammu and Kashmir is the northernmost state of India. It is situated mostly in the Himalayan mountains. Jammu and Kashmir shares a border with the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south and internationally with the People's Republic of China to the north and east and the...

    , India
    India
    India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
    The Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias is an astrophysical research institute located in Tenerife in the Canary Islands, Spain. It was founded in 1975 at the University of La Laguna.It operates two astronomical observatories in the Canary Islands:...

    1975 Canary Islands
    Canary Islands
    The Canary Islands , also known as the Canaries , is a Spanish archipelago located just off the northwest coast of mainland Africa, 100 km west of the border between Morocco and the Western Sahara. The Canaries are a Spanish autonomous community and an outermost region of the European Union...

    , Spain
    Institut de radioastronomie millimétrique
    Institut de radioastronomie millimétrique
    The Institut de radioastronomie millimétrique operates two observatories for radio astronomy at millimeter wavelengths, which are open to the international astronomical community: the 30-m single-dish radio telescope located on Pico Veleta in the Spanish Sierra Nevada , and the six-antenna...

    1979 Spain, France and Germany
    INTEGRAL
    INTEGRAL
    The European Space Agency's INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory is an operational Earth satellite, launched in 2002 for detecting some of the most energetic radiation that comes from space. It is the most sensitive gamma ray observatory ever launched.INTEGRAL is an ESA mission in...

    2002 Highly eccentric Earth orbit
    Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS)
    IRAS
    The Infrared Astronomical Satellite was the first-ever space-based observatory to perform a survey of the entire sky at infrared wavelengths....

     (defunct)
    January-November 1983 Earth orbit
    Infrared Space Observatory (ISO)
    Infrared Space Observatory
    The Infrared Space Observatory was a space telescope for infrared light designed and operated by the European Space Agency , in cooperation with ISAS and NASA...

     (defunct)
    1995–1998 Earth orbit
    Innsbruck Observatory
    Innsbruck Observatory
    Innsbruck Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the institutes of astrophysics out of the University of Innsbruck. It is located in Innsbruck, Austria.-External links:*...

    Innsbruck
    Innsbruck
    - Main sights :- Buildings :*Golden Roof*Kaiserliche Hofburg *Hofkirche with the cenotaph of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor*Altes Landhaus...

    , Austria
    IRAM - 30 m
    IRAM 30-m
    The IRAM 30-m Millimeter Radio Telescope is a radio telescope for astronomical observations in the millimeter range of wavelengths, operated by the Institute for Radio Astronomy in the Millimeter Range ) and located on the Sierra Nevada, in Spain, close to the Pico Veleta peak. It is the largest...

    1984 Pico Veleta
    Veleta (Sierra Nevada)
    Veleta or Pico del Veleta is the third highest peak of the Iberian peninsula and the second highest in the Sierra Nevada. Its height is given variously as , and ....

    , Spain
    IRAM - Plateau de Bure Interferometer 19?? Plateau de Bure, France
    Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes
    Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes
    The Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes or ING operates the William Herschel Telescope, Isaac Newton Telescope and Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope optical telescopes for the Science and Technology Facilities Council , the NWO and the IAC...

    1979 La Palma
    La Palma
    La Palma is the most north-westerly of the Canary Islands. La Palma has an area of 706 km2 making it the fifth largest of the seven main Canary Islands...

    , Spain
    Iso-Heikkilä Observatory
    Iso-Heikkilä Observatory
    Iso-Heikkilä Observatory is an amateur astronomical observatory in the Iso-Heikkilä district of Turku, Finland. It was operated by the University of Turku from 1937 to 1972 but is now used by a local division of Ursa Astronomical Association.-History:...

     (defunct)
    1935 (only amateur
    Amateur astronomy
    Amateur astronomy, also called backyard astronomy and stargazing, is a hobby whose participants enjoy watching the night sky , and the plethora of objects found in it, mainly with portable telescopes and binoculars...

     use since 1972)
    Turku
    Turku
    Turku is a city situated on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River. It is located in the region of Finland Proper. It is believed that Turku came into existence during the end of the 13th century which makes it the oldest city in Finland...

    , Finland
    Istanbul observatory of Taqi al-Din 1577 Istanbul
    Istanbul
    Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...

    , Turkey

    J

    Name Established Location
    Jack C. Davis Observatory
    Jack C. Davis Observatory
    The Jack C. Davis Observatory is a public research-level observatory at Western Nevada College in Carson City, Nevada. The facility has three telescopes, two sixteen inch models and one ten inch. One telescope is equipped with a spectrograph. Outside the building, a fourth telescope has been...

    2002 Carson City, Nevada
    Carson City, Nevada
    The Consolidated Municipality of Carson City is the capital of the state of Nevada. The words Consolidated Municipality refer to a series of changes in 1969 which abolished Ormsby County and merged all the settlements contained within its borders into Carson City. Since that time Carson City has...

    , USA
    James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
    James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
    The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope is a submillimetre-wavelength telescope at Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawaii. Its primary mirror is 15 metres across: it is the largest astronomical telescope that operates in submillimetre wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum...

    1987 Mauna Kea
    Mauna Kea
    Mauna Kea is a volcano on the island of Hawaii. Standing above sea level, its peak is the highest point in the state of Hawaii. However, much of the mountain is under water; when measured from its oceanic base, Mauna Kea is over tall—significantly taller than Mount Everest...

    , Hawaii
    Hawaii
    Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...

    , USA
    James Webb Space Telescope
    James Webb Space Telescope
    The James Webb Space Telescope , previously known as Next Generation Space Telescope , is a planned next-generation space telescope, optimized for observations in the infrared. The main technical features are a large and very cold 6.5 meter diameter mirror, an observing position far from Earth,...

    2013 (planned) Earth-Sun Lagrangian point
    Lagrangian point
    The Lagrangian points are the five positions in an orbital configuration where a small object affected only by gravity can theoretically be stationary relative to two larger objects...

    Jantar Mantar
    Jantar Mantar (Jaipur)
    The Jantar Mantar is a collection of architectural astronomical instruments, built by Maharaja Jai Singh II at his then new capital of Jaipur between 1727 and 1734. It is modeled after the one that he had built for him at the Mughal capital of Delhi. He had constructed a total of five such...

    1727 Jaipur
    Jaipur
    Jaipur , also popularly known as the Pink City, is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Rajasthan. Founded on 18 November 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amber, the city today has a population of more than 3.1 million....

    , Rajasthan
    Rajasthan
    Rājasthān the land of Rajasthanis, , is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert , which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with...

    , India
    Jena Observatory
    Jena Observatory
    Astrophysikalisches Institut und Universitäts-Sternwarte Jena is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Friedrich Schiller University of Jena...

    1962 Jena
    Jena
    Jena is a university city in central Germany on the river Saale. It has a population of approx. 103,000 and is the second largest city in the federal state of Thuringia, after Erfurt.-History:Jena was first mentioned in an 1182 document...

    , Germany
    Jewett Observatory
    Jewett Observatory
    The James Richard Jewett Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Washington State University. It is located in Pullman, Washington . It houses the second-largest refracting telescope in the state of Washington...

    1953 Pullman, Washington
    Pullman, Washington
    Pullman is the largest city in Whitman County, Washington, United States. The population was 24,675 at the 2000 census and 29,799 according to the 2010 census...

    , USA
    Jodrell Bank Observatory 1945 Cheshire
    Cheshire
    Cheshire is a ceremonial county in North West England. Cheshire's county town is the city of Chester, although its largest town is Warrington. Other major towns include Widnes, Congleton, Crewe, Ellesmere Port, Runcorn, Macclesfield, Winsford, Northwich, and Wilmslow...

    , England
    John J McCarthy Observatory 2000 New Milford, CT, USA
    Jones Observatory
    Jones Observatory
    Clarence T. Jones Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. It is located in Chattanooga, Tennessee . The building was completed in 1936, and opened in 1938...

    1936 Chattanooga
    Chattanooga, Tennessee
    Chattanooga is the fourth-largest city in the US state of Tennessee , with a population of 169,887. It is the seat of Hamilton County...

    , Tennessee
    Tennessee
    Tennessee is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States. It has a population of 6,346,105, making it the nation's 17th-largest state by population, and covers , making it the 36th-largest by total land area...

    , USA
    Judson B. Coit Observatory
    Judson B. Coit Observatory
    Judson B. Coit Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Boston University on the roof of the College of Arts & Sciences at 725 Commonwealth Avenue in Boston, Massachusetts...

    Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    K

    Name Established Location
    Khajeh Nasiredin Observatory ~1980 Tabriz University, Tabriz
    Tabriz
    Tabriz is the fourth largest city and one of the historical capitals of Iran and the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. Situated at an altitude of 1,350 meters at the junction of the Quri River and Aji River, it was the second largest city in Iran until the late 1960s, one of its former...

    , Iran
    Iran
    Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...

    Kamioka Observatory
    Kamioka Observatory
    The is a neutrino physics laboratory located underground in the Mozumi Mine of the Kamioka Mining and Smelting Co. near the Kamioka section of the city of Hida in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. A set of groundbreaking neutrino experiments have taken place at the observatory over the past two decades...

    1983 Hida
    Hida, Gifu
    is the northernmost city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It received its name from the historical province of Hida Province, which was centered around the same area.The official kanji for the city is actually 飛驒, which uses the old rendering of the 騨 character...

    , Gifu
    Gifu, Gifu
    is a city located in the south-central portion of Gifu Prefecture, Japan, and serves as the prefectural capital. The city has played an important role in Japan's history because of its location in the middle of the country. During the Sengoku period, various warlords, including Oda Nobunaga, used...

    , Japan
    Kanzelhoehe Solar Observatory
    Kanzelhoehe Solar Observatory
    The Kanzelhoehe Solar Observatory or KSO is an astronomical observatory affiliated with the Institute of Geophysics, Astrophysics and Meteorology out of the Karl-Franzens-University...

    1943 Villach
    Villach
    Villach is the second largest city in the Carinthia state in the southern Austria, at the Drava River and represents an important traffic junction for Austria and the whole Alpe-Adria region. , the population is 58,480.-History:...

    , Austria
    Karl Schwarzschild Observatory
    Karl Schwarzschild Observatory
    The Karl-Schwarzschild-Observatorium is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the institute of Thüringer Landessternwarte ’Karl Schwarzschild’ Tautenburg. In 1992 it was acquired by the state of Thuringia...

    1960 Jena
    Jena
    Jena is a university city in central Germany on the river Saale. It has a population of approx. 103,000 and is the second largest city in the federal state of Thuringia, after Erfurt.-History:Jena was first mentioned in an 1182 document...

    , Germany
    Keck Observatory 1993 Mauna Kea
    Mauna Kea
    Mauna Kea is a volcano on the island of Hawaii. Standing above sea level, its peak is the highest point in the state of Hawaii. However, much of the mountain is under water; when measured from its oceanic base, Mauna Kea is over tall—significantly taller than Mount Everest...

    , Hawaii
    Hawaii
    Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...

    , USA
    Keeble Observatory
    Keeble Observatory
    Keeble Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Randolph-Macon College. It is located in Ashland, Virginia , named for Dr. William Houston Keeble, distinguished Professor of Physics at Randolph-Macon College from 1919 until his retirement in 1952...

    1963 Ashland, Virginia
    Ashland, Virginia
    Originally known as Slash Cottage, Ashland is located on the Old Washington Highway U.S. Route One and the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad, a busy north-south route now owned by CSX Transportation...

    , USA
    Kennon Observatory
    Kennon Observatory
    Kennon Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the University of Mississippi. Built in 1939 and located on the university's campus in Oxford, Mississippi it was named after Dr. William Lee Kennon - long serving chair of the department of Physics and...

    1939 Oxford, Mississippi
    Oxford, Mississippi
    Oxford is a city in, and the county seat of, Lafayette County, Mississippi, United States. Founded in 1835, it was named after the British university city of Oxford in hopes of having the state university located there, which it did successfully attract....

    , USA
    Kepler Space Observatory 2009 Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit
    Heliocentric orbit
    A heliocentric orbit is an orbit around the Sun. All planets, comets, and asteroids in our Solar System are in such orbits, as are many artificial probes and pieces of debris. The moons of planets in the Solar System, by contrast, are not in heliocentric orbits as they orbit their respective planet...

    Kevola Observatory
    Kevola Observatory
    The Kevola Observatory is located in Kevola in Paimio in South-Western Finland, some 35 km east from the city of Turku. The observatory is currently owned by Turun Ursa ry, a local astronomical association operating in Turku area...

    1963 Kevola, Finland
    Kielder Observatory
    Kielder Observatory
    Kielder Observatory is an astronomical observatory located in Kielder Forest, Northumberland, England. It is situated close to the Scottish border on Black Fell near James Turrell's Kielder Skyspace. The site was carefully chosen by the steering group set up to direct the development of the...

    2008 Kielder Forest
    Kielder Forest
    Kielder Forest is a large forestry plantation in Northumberland, England, surrounding the reservoir Kielder Water. It is the largest man-made woodland in Europe...

    , Northumberland
    Northumberland
    Northumberland is the northernmost ceremonial county and a unitary district in North East England. For Eurostat purposes Northumberland is a NUTS 3 region and is one of three boroughs or unitary districts that comprise the "Northumberland and Tyne and Wear" NUTS 2 region...

    , England, United Kingdom
    Kirkwood Observatory
    Kirkwood Observatory
    Kirkwood Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Indiana University. It is located in Bloomington, Indiana . It is named for Daniel Kirkwood an astronomer and professor of mathematics at Indiana University who discovered the divisions of the asteroid belt known as the...

    1901 Bloomington, Indiana
    Bloomington, Indiana
    Bloomington is a city in and the county seat of Monroe County in the southern region of the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 80,405 at the 2010 census....

    , USA
    Kitami Observatory
    Kitami Observatory
    Kitami Observatory is an observatory in the Kitami-Abashiri Region Cultural Centre in eastern Hokkaidō, Japan. Its observatory code is 400. It is 0.72344 Earth radii from the rotation axis and +0.68811 Earth radii from the equatorial plane, 143.7827 degrees east of Greenwich.-Notes:...

    Hokkaidō
    Hokkaido
    , formerly known as Ezo, Yezo, Yeso, or Yesso, is Japan's second largest island; it is also the largest and northernmost of Japan's 47 prefectural-level subdivisions. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaido from Honshu, although the two islands are connected by the underwater railway Seikan Tunnel...

    , Japan
    Kitt Peak National Observatory
    Kitt Peak National Observatory
    The Kitt Peak National Observatory is a United States astronomical observatory located on 2,096 m Kitt Peak of the Quinlan Mountains in the Arizona-Sonoran Desert on the Tohono O'odham Nation, southwest of Tucson...

    1958 Tucson, Arizona
    Tucson, Arizona
    Tucson is a city in and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States. The city is located 118 miles southeast of Phoenix and 60 miles north of the U.S.-Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 1,020,200...

    , USA
    Kleť Observatory
    Klet Observatory
    Kleť Observatory is an astronomical observatory in the Czech Republic. It is situated in South Bohemia, south of the summit of Mount Kleť, near the town of České Budějovice...

    1957 České Budějovice
    Ceské Budejovice
    České Budějovice is a city in the Czech Republic. It is the largest city in the South Bohemian Region and is the political and commercial capital of the region and centre of the Roman Catholic Diocese of České Budějovice and of the University of South Bohemia and the Academy of Sciences...

    , Czech Republic
    Kodaikanal Solar Observatory
    Kodaikanal Solar Observatory
    The Kodaikanal Solar Observatory is an solar observatory owned and operated by Indian Institute of Astrophysics. It is located on the southern tip of the Palni Hills 4 km from Kodaikanal town, Dindigul district, Tamilnadu state, South India....

    1899 Palani
    Palani
    Palani is a city and a municipality in the Dindigul district of the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, located about 100 km South of Coimbatore City and 60 km west of Dindigul...

    , Tamil Nadu
    Tamil Nadu
    Tamil Nadu is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh...

    , India
    India
    India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

    Konkoly Observatory
    Konkoly Observatory
    Konkoly Obszervatórium is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Hungarian Academy of Sciences. It is located in Budapest, Hungary. It was founded in 1871 by Miklos Konkoly-Thege as his private observatory....

    1871 Budapest
    Budapest
    Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...

    , Hungary
    KOSMA observatory
    KOSMA
    The Kölner Observatorium für SubMillimeter Astronomie ' was a 3-m radio telescope for submillimeter astronomy located at 3,135 m on Gornergrat near Zermatt . It was operated by the and the , University of Bonn...

    1985-2010 Gornergrat
    Gornergrat
    The Gornergrat is a ridge of the Pennine Alps, Switzerland, overlooking the Gorner Glacier to the south. It can be reached by the Gornergratbahn rack railway from Zermatt...

    , Switzerland
    Kuffner observatory
    Kuffner observatory
    The Kuffner observatory is one of two telescope-equipped public observatories situated in Austria's capital, Vienna. It is situated in the West of the city's Ottakring district, on the slope of the Gallitzinberg at 302 m altitude...

    1884 Austria
    Kuiper Airborne Observatory
    Kuiper Airborne Observatory
    The Gerard P. Kuiper Airborne Observatory was a national facility operated by NASA to support research in infrared astronomy. The observation platform was a highly modified C-141A jet transport aircraft with a range of 6,000 nautical miles , capable of conducting research operations up to 48,000...

    1974 14 km in the stratosphere
    Stratosphere
    The stratosphere is the second major layer of Earth's atmosphere, just above the troposphere, and below the mesosphere. It is stratified in temperature, with warmer layers higher up and cooler layers farther down. This is in contrast to the troposphere near the Earth's surface, which is cooler...

    Kvistaberg Observatory
    Kvistaberg Observatory
    The Kvistaberg Observatory is an observatory in Sweden belonging to the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Uppsala University and located between Uppsala and Stockholm, at almost equal distance from both cities....

    Sweden
    Kyung Hee Observatory 1992 Seoul, South Korea

    L

    Name Established Location
    Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble 2001 Grenoble
    Grenoble
    Grenoble is a city in southeastern France, at the foot of the French Alps where the river Drac joins the Isère. Located in the Rhône-Alpes region, Grenoble is the capital of the department of Isère...

    , France
    Observatorio de La Cañada (La Cañada Observatory) 2002 Ávila, Spain
    Ladd Observatory
    Ladd Observatory
    The Ladd Observatory is an astronomical observatory of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, USA. The observatory was dedicated in 1891 and is named for benefactor Herbert W. Ladd....

    1891 Providence, Rhode Island
    Providence, Rhode Island
    Providence is the capital and most populous city of Rhode Island and was one of the first cities established in the United States. Located in Providence County, it is the third largest city in the New England region...

    , USA
    Lake Afton Public Observatory
    Lake Afton Public Observatory
    Lake Afton Public Observatory is an astronomical observatory located nine miles from Cheney, Kansas, in the Lake Afton County Park. It was established in 1979 through the cooperation and support of Sedgwick County, the City of Wichita, and Wichita State University's Fairmount Center for Science...

    1979 Wichita, Kansas
    Wichita, Kansas
    Wichita is the largest city in the U.S. state of Kansas.As of the 2010 census, the city population was 382,368. Located in south-central Kansas on the Arkansas River, Wichita is the county seat of Sedgwick County and the principal city of the Wichita metropolitan area...

    , USA
    Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl
    Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl
    The Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory is an historic astronomical observatory located near the summit of the Königstuhl hill in the city of Heidelberg in Germany...

    1898 Königstuhl
    Königstuhl (Odenwald)
    The Königstuhl , translated "Kings seat", is a 567 metre high hill in the Odenwald Mountains and in the city of Heidelberg, in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. The Königstuhl summit allows visitors a spectacular view of the city of Heidelberg and the River Neckar as well as the Rhine Valley...

    , Heidelberg
    Heidelberg
    -Early history:Between 600,000 and 200,000 years ago, "Heidelberg Man" died at nearby Mauer. His jaw bone was discovered in 1907; with scientific dating, his remains were determined to be the earliest evidence of human life in Europe. In the 5th century BC, a Celtic fortress of refuge and place of...

    , Germany
    La Plata Astronomical Observatory
    La Plata Astronomical Observatory
    The La Plata Astronomical Observatory is an observatory located in the city of La Plata, capital of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Its IAU code is 839....

    1883 La Plata
    La Plata
    La Plata is the capital city of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and of La Plata partido. According to the , the city proper has a population of 574,369 and its metropolitan area has 694,253 inhabitants....

    , Argentina
    Argentina
    Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...

    La Silla Observatory
    La Silla Observatory
    La Silla Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Chile with three telescopes built and operated by the European Southern Observatory organisation, and several others are partly maintained by ESO...

    1969 Atacama Desert
    Atacama Desert
    The Atacama Desert is a plateau in South America, covering a strip of land on the Pacific coast, west of the Andes mountains. It is, according to NASA, National Geographic and many other publications, the driest desert in the world...

    , Chile
    Chile
    Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...

    Large Millimeter Telescope
    Large Millimeter Telescope
    The Large Millimeter Telescope was inaugurated in Mexico on 22 November 2006. It is the world's largest and most sensitive single-aperture telescope in its frequency range, built for observing radio waves in the wave lengths from approximately 0.85 to 4 mm...

    Sierra Negra
    Sierra Negra
    Sierra Negra is an extinct volcanic companion peak of Mexico's highest mountain, the Pico de Orizaba . At up to 4,640 m above sea level it is one of Mexico's highest peaks, perhaps even the fourth highest, though it is usually listed fifth...

    , Puebla
    Puebla
    Puebla officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Puebla is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 217 municipalities and its capital city is Puebla....

    , Mexico
    Las Brisas Observatory
    Las Brisas Observatory
    Las Brisas Observatory is an astronomical observatory located 11 miles west of Pikes Peak, Colorado on Las Brisas ranch. It was built in 1979 and is owned by Paul Signorelli.-References:# -External links:* Forecasts of observing conditions....

    1979 Colorado
    Colorado
    Colorado is a U.S. state that encompasses much of the Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains...

    , USA
    Las Campanas Observatory
    Las Campanas Observatory
    Las Campanas Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the Carnegie Institution for Science It was established in 1969 and remains the primary observing site of that institution. The headquarters is located in La Serena, Chile and the observatory is in the southern Atacama...

    La Serena, Chile
    Laws Observatory
    Laws Observatory
    Laws Observatory is the name of three separate astronomical observatorys owned and operated by University of Missouri from 1880 to the present. Named after former University President Samuel Laws, it is located in Columbia, Missouri .-History:...

    1880 Columbia, Missouri
    Columbia, Missouri
    Columbia is the fifth-largest city in Missouri, and the largest city in Mid-Missouri. With a population of 108,500 as of the 2010 Census, it is the principal municipality of the Columbia Metropolitan Area, a region of 164,283 residents. The city serves as the county seat of Boone County and as the...

    , USA
    Leander McCormick Observatory 1885 Mount Jefferson
    Mount Jefferson (Virginia)
    Mount Jefferson is a mountain located just outside Charlottesville, Virginia, United States, in Albemarle County. It lies south of Lewis Mountain, and is positioned at the northeastern edge of the Ragged Mountains....

    , Charlottesville
    Charlottesville, Virginia
    Charlottesville is an independent city geographically surrounded by but separate from Albemarle County in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States, and named after Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the queen consort of King George III of the United Kingdom.The official population estimate for...

    , Virginia
    Virginia
    The Commonwealth of Virginia , is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" after the eight U.S. presidents born there...

    , USA
    Lee Observatory
    Lee Observatory
    The Lee Observatory is a astronomical observatory it was the first and the oldest of the Middle East. It is located in the campus of the American University of Beirut in Beirut, Lebanon.-History:...

    1873 American University of Beirut
    American University of Beirut
    The American University of Beirut is a private, independent university in Beirut, Lebanon. It was founded as the Syrian Protestant College by American missionaries in 1866...

    , Beirut
    Beirut
    Beirut is the capital and largest city of Lebanon, with a population ranging from 1 million to more than 2 million . Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's Mediterranean coastline, it serves as the country's largest and main seaport, and also forms the Beirut Metropolitan...

    , Lebanon
    Lebanon
    Lebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...

    Leiden Observatory
    Leiden Observatory
    Leiden Observatory is an astronomical observatory in the city of Leiden, Netherlands. It was established by Leiden University in 1633, to house the quadrant of Snellius, and is the oldest operating University observatory in the world Leiden Observatory (Sterrewacht Leiden in Dutch) is an...

    1633 Leiden University
    Leiden University
    Leiden University , located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest university in the Netherlands. The university was founded in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange, leader of the Dutch Revolt in the Eighty Years' War. The royal Dutch House of Orange-Nassau and Leiden University still have a close...

    , Leiden, Netherlands
    Leipzig Observatory Leipzig
    Leipzig
    Leipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing...

    , Germany
    Leoncito Astronomical Complex
    Leoncito Astronomical Complex
    The Leoncito Astronomical Complex is an astronomical observatory in the San Juan Province of Argentina. The Leoncito Astronomical Complex is one of two observatories located within El Leoncito National Park, located in an area of the country which rarely sees cloud cover. The other facility is the...

    1986 Calingasta, San Juan
    San Juan, Argentina
    San Juan is the capital city of the Argentine province of San Juan in the Cuyo region, located in the Tulúm Valley, west of the San Juan River, at above mean sea level, with a population of around 112,000 as per the ....

    , Argentina
    Argentina
    Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...

    Levenhagen Observatory Seattle, Washington
    Seattle, Washington
    Seattle is the county seat of King County, Washington. With 608,660 residents as of the 2010 Census, Seattle is the largest city in the Northwestern United States. The Seattle metropolitan area of about 3.4 million inhabitants is the 15th largest metropolitan area in the country...

    , USA
    Libyan National Telescope Project Kufra Desert, Libya
    Libya
    Libya is an African country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west....

    Lick Observatory
    Lick Observatory
    The Lick Observatory is an astronomical observatory, owned and operated by the University of California. It is situated on the summit of Mount Hamilton, in the Diablo Range just east of San Jose, California, USA...

    1881 Mount Hamilton
    Mount Hamilton (California)
    Mount Hamilton is a mountain in California's Diablo Range, in Santa Clara County, California. Mount Hamilton, at is the tallest mountain overlooking Silicon Valley, and is the site of Lick Observatory, the first permanently occupied mountain-top observatory. The various summits along its...

    , San Jose, California
    San Jose, California
    San Jose is the third-largest city in California, the tenth-largest in the U.S., and the county seat of Santa Clara County which is located at the southern end of San Francisco Bay...

    , USA
    LightBuckets
    LightBuckets
    LightBuckets is a commercial astronomical observatory located in Rodeo, New Mexico that rents time on its telescopes to customers around the world via a website on the Internet, including amateur and professional astronomers. It is an online astronomy platform with live-views, and hosts an image...

     (commercial observatory)
    2007 Rodeo, New Mexico
    Rodeo, New Mexico
    Rodeo, is an unincorporated town in Hidalgo County in the southwestern corner of New Mexico at . It lies less than one mile from the border with Arizona on New Mexico State Highway 80....

    , USA
    LIGO Hanford Observatory 1999 Hanford Nuclear Reservation USA
    Llano de Chajnantor Observatory
    Llano de Chajnantor Observatory
    Llano de Chajnantor Observatory is an astronomical observatory located at an altitude of 5,104 m in the Chilean Atacama desert, 50 kilometers to the east of San Pedro de Atacama. It is a very dry site - inhospitable to humans - but an excellent site for submillimetre astronomy...

    2005 Atacama Desert
    Atacama Desert
    The Atacama Desert is a plateau in South America, covering a strip of land on the Pacific coast, west of the Andes mountains. It is, according to NASA, National Geographic and many other publications, the driest desert in the world...

    , Chile
    Chile
    Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...

    Llano del Hato National Astronomical Observatory
    Llano del Hato National Astronomical Observatory
    The Llano del Hato National Astronomical Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Venezuela, run by the Centro de Investigaciones de Astronomia...

    1975 Mèrida
    Mérida, Mérida
    Santiago de los Caballeros de Mérida, Venezuela, is the capital of the municipality of Libertador and the state of Mérida, and is one of the principal cities of the Venezuelan Andes...

    , Venezuela
    Venezuela
    Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...

    LLCC Observatory 2006 Palisade, Minnesota
    Palisade, Minnesota
    Palisade is a city in Aitkin County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 167 at the 2010 census.-Geography:According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land....

    , USA
    Long Wavelength Array (LWA)
    Long Wavelength Array (LWA)
    The Long Wavelength Array is a radio telescope under construction in central New Mexico. It is one of the few observatories to utilize such low frequencies, and is used to study relativistic particles, cosmic evolution, astrophysical plasma, decametric radio emissions from Jupiter-like extrasolar...

    2010 Socorro, New Mexico
    Socorro, New Mexico
    Socorro is a city in Socorro County in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It stands in the Rio Grande Valley at an elevation of . The population was 9,051 at the 2010 census...

    , USA
    Lowell Observatory
    Lowell Observatory
    Lowell Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona. Lowell Observatory was established in 1894, placing it among the oldest observatories in the United States, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965....

    • Anderson Mesa Station
    1894
  • 1959
  • Flagstaff, Arizona
    Flagstaff, Arizona
    Flagstaff is a city located in northern Arizona, in the southwestern United States. In 2010, the city's population was 65,870. The population of the Metropolitan Statistical Area was at 134,421 in 2010. It is the county seat of Coconino County...

    , USA
    Lulin Observatory
    Lulin Observatory
    Lulin Observatory is an astronomical observatory operated by the Institute of Astronomy, National Central University in Taiwan.It is located at the summit of Mount Lulin, on the border of Chiayi County and Nantou County, near Yushan National Park...

    1999 Mount Lulin, Taiwan
    Taiwan
    Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...

    Lund Observatory
    Lund Observatory
    Lund Observatory is the official English name for the astronomy department at Lund University. As of January 2010 Lund Observatory is part of The department of astronomy and theoretical physics at Lund University...

    1749 Lund
    Lund
    -Main sights:During the 12th and 13th centuries, when the town was the seat of the archbishop, many churches and monasteries were built. At its peak, Lund had 27 churches, but most of them were demolished as result of the Reformation in 1536. Several medieval buildings remain, including Lund...

    , Sweden
    Luoxue Mountain Cosmic Rays Research Center 1953 Luoxue Mountain, Yunnan
    Yunnan
    Yunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country spanning approximately and with a population of 45.7 million . The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders Burma, Laos, and Vietnam.Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with...

     Province, China
    Lyon Observatory 1877 Saint-Genis-Laval
    Saint-Genis-Laval
    Saint-Genis-Laval is a commune in the Rhône department in eastern France, near Lyon.At Saint-Genis-Laval, the Lyon astronomical observatory is placed.-References:*...

    , France

    M

    Name Established Location
    Macalester College Observatory
    Macalester College Observatory
    Macalester College Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Macalester College. It is located in Saint Paul, Minnesota . The 16-inch reflecting telescope is the largest research telescope in the state.-References:#...

    Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
    Magdalena Ridge Observatory
    Magdalena Ridge Observatory
    Magdalena Ridge Observatory is an astronomical observatory under construction in Socorro County, New Mexico about 20 miles west of the town of Socorro off the exit for Water Canyon US 60. MRO is an entity of New Mexico Tech's Office of Research and Economic Development...

     (under construction)
    2006 Socorro County, New Mexico
    Socorro County, New Mexico
    -2010:Whereas according to the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau:*75.1% White*1.1% Black*11.7% Native American*1.2% Asian*0.0% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander*2.8% Two or more races*8.1% Other races*48.5% Hispanic or Latino -2000:...

    , USA
    Malakoff Tower
    Malakoff Tower
    Malakoff Tower is a tower located in Recife Antigo, Recife. This monument was built between 1835 and 1855 to be used as an observatory and as the main entrance and gateway for Arsenal da Marinha square...

    1845 Recife
    Recife
    Recife is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in Brazil with 4,136,506 inhabitants, the largest metropolitan area of the North/Northeast Regions, the 5th-largest metropolitan influence area in Brazil, and the capital and largest city of the state of Pernambuco. The population of the city proper...

    , Brazil
    Majorca Observatory 1991 Majorca, Spain
    Manastash Ridge Observatory
    Manastash Ridge Observatory
    The Manastash Ridge Observatory is an astronomical observatory built in 1972 by the University of Washington. The observatory is approximately and includes a 30" Boller and Chivens cassegrain telescope. The observatory is mostly used by undergraduate students for basic observational skills...

    1972 Ellensburg, Washington, USA
    Maragheh Observatory
    Maragheh observatory
    Maragheh observatory is an astronomical observatory which was established in 1259 CE by Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, an Iranian scientist and astronomer...

    1259 Maragheh
    Maragheh
    Maragheh also Romanized as Marāgheh and Marāghen) is a city in and the capital of Maragheh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 146,405, in 38,891 families....

    , Iran
    Iran
    Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...

    Margaret M. Jacoby Observatory
    Margaret M. Jacoby Observatory
    Margaret M. Jacoby Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Community College of Rhode Island. It is located in Warwick, Rhode Island, USA.-References:# -External links:...

    1978 Warwick, Rhode Island
    Warwick, Rhode Island
    Warwick is a city in Kent County, Rhode Island, United States. It is the second largest city in the state, with a population of 82,672 at the 2010 census. Its mayor has been Scott Avedisian since 2000...

    , USA
    Maria Mitchell Observatory
    Maria Mitchell Observatory
    The Maria Mitchell Observatory in Nantucket, Massachusetts, USA, was founded in 1908 and named in honor of American astronomer Maria Mitchell. It is a major component of the Maria Mitchell Association...

    1908 Nantucket, Massachusetts
    Nantucket, Massachusetts
    Nantucket is an island south of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in the United States. Together with the small islands of Tuckernuck and Muskeget, it constitutes the town of Nantucket, Massachusetts, and the coterminous Nantucket County, which are consolidated. Part of the town is designated the Nantucket...

    , USA
    Markree Observatory
    Markree Observatory
    -History:In 1830, Col. Edward Joshua Cooper MP eldest son of Edward Synge Cooper MP, and Ann, daughter of Henry Vansittart, Governor of Bengal, set up Markree Observatory on the grounds of Markree Castle....

    1837 County Sligo, Ireland
    Marseille Observatory
    Marseille Observatory
    Marseille Observatory or Observatoire de Marseille is an astronomical observatory run by the University of Provence. It is located near Marseille, France. In its first incarnation, it was the discovery site of a group of galaxies known as Stephan's Quintet or Hickson 92, discovered by Édouard...

    Marseille
    Marseille
    Marseille , known in antiquity as Massalia , is the second largest city in France, after Paris, with a population of 852,395 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Marseille extends beyond the city limits with a population of over 1,420,000 on an area of...

    , France
    Martz Observatory
    Martz Observatory
    Martz Observatory is a public, not-for-profit organization devoted to the amateur astronomer. The emphasis of the association is observational astronomy, well-rooted in public education and enjoyment of the starry skies...

    Chautauqua County, New York
    Chautauqua County, New York
    -Major highways:* Interstate 86/New York State Route 17 * Interstate 90 * U.S. Route 20* U.S. Route 62* New York State Route 5* New York State Route 39* New York State Route 60* New York State Route 394...

    , USA
    Mauna Kea Observatory
    Mauna Kea Observatory
    The Observatories at Mauna Kea, , are an independent collection of astronomical research facilities located on the summit of Mauna Kea on the Big Island of Hawai'i, USA. The facilities are located in a special land use zone known as the "Astronomy Precinct," which is located in the Mauna Kea...

    1967 Mauna Kea
    Mauna Kea
    Mauna Kea is a volcano on the island of Hawaii. Standing above sea level, its peak is the highest point in the state of Hawaii. However, much of the mountain is under water; when measured from its oceanic base, Mauna Kea is over tall—significantly taller than Mount Everest...

    , Hawaii
    Hawaii
    Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...

    , USA
    Mauna Loa Solar Observatory
    Mauna Loa Solar Observatory
    The Mauna Loa Solar Observatory is a collection of instruments for observing the sun located on the slopes of the Mauna Loa volcano on the island of Hawaii, USA at an elevation of .-General information:...

    Hawaii
    Hawaii
    Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...

    , USA
    Maynard F. Jordan Observatory
    Maynard F. Jordan Observatory
    Maynard F. Jordan Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by University of Maine. Its first telescope was installed at the university in 1901. It is located in Orono, Maine, USA. It is the only public observatory in the state of Maine,USA...

    1901 Orono, Maine
    Orono, Maine
    Orono is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States. It was first settled in 1774 and named in honor of Chief Joseph Orono of the Penobscot Nation. It is home to The University of Maine. The population was 10,362 at the 2010 census.- Geography :...

    , USA
    McDonald Observatory
    McDonald Observatory
    The McDonald Observatory is an astronomical observatory located near the unincorporated community of Fort Davis in Jeff Davis County, Texas, United States. The facility is located on Mount Fowlkes and Mount Locke in the Davis Mountains of West Texas...

    Davis Mountains
    Davis Mountains
    The Davis Mountains are a range of mountains in West Texas, located near Fort Davis, after which they are named. They are a popular site for camping and hiking and the region includes Fort Davis National Historic Site and Davis Mountains State Park...

    , Texas
    Texas
    Texas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in...

    , USA
    McKim Observatory
    McKim Observatory
    McKim Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by DePauw University. Built in 1884, it is located in Greencastle, Indiana .-References:# -External links:* Forecasts of observing conditions covering McKim Observatory.*...

    1884 Greencastle
    Greencastle, Indiana
    Greencastle is a city in Greencastle Township, Putnam County, Indiana, United States, and the county seat of Putnam County. It was founded in 1821 by Scots-Irish American Ephraim Dukes on a land grant. He named the settlement for his hometown of Greencastle, Pennsylvania...

    , Indiana
    Indiana
    Indiana is a US state, admitted to the United States as the 19th on December 11, 1816. It is located in the Midwestern United States and Great Lakes Region. With 6,483,802 residents, the state is ranked 15th in population and 16th in population density. Indiana is ranked 38th in land area and is...

    , USA
    McMath-Hulbert Solar Observatory  1930 Lake Angelus, Michigan
    Lake Angelus, Michigan
    Lake Angelus is a city in North Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 290, making it Michigan's smallest incorporated city.-Geography:...

    , USA
    MDM Observatory
    MDM Observatory
    The MDM Observatory is an optical astronomical observatory on Kitt Peak , adjacent to Kitt Peak National Observatory. It is owned and operated by the University of Michigan, Dartmouth College, Ohio State University, Columbia University, and Ohio University...

    Kitt Peak
    Kitt Peak
    Kitt Peak is a mountain in the U.S. state of Arizona. It is the location of the Kitt Peak National Observatory. The radio telescope at the Observatory is one of ten dishes comprising the Very Long Baseline Array ....

    , Arizona
    Arizona
    Arizona ; is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the western United States and the mountain west. The capital and largest city is Phoenix...

    , USA
    Mead Observatory
    Mead Observatory
    Mead Observatory is operated by Columbus State University's Coca-Cola Space Science Center at 701 Front Avenue, Columbus, Georgia. Established in 1996, the observatory has active night sky and solar study programs for students and the general public. The equipment can be controlled and monitored...

    2001 Columbus
    Columbus, Georgia
    Columbus is a city in and the county seat of Muscogee County, Georgia, United States, with which it is consolidated. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 189,885. It is the principal city of the Columbus, Georgia metropolitan area, which, in 2009, had an estimated population of 292,795...

    , Georgia
    Georgia (U.S. state)
    Georgia is a state located in the southeastern United States. It was established in 1732, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies. The state is named after King George II of Great Britain. Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2, 1788...

    , USA
    Mees Observatory Rochester, New York
    Rochester, New York
    Rochester is a city in Monroe County, New York, south of Lake Ontario in the United States. Known as The World's Image Centre, it was also once known as The Flour City, and more recently as The Flower City...

    , USA
    Mehalso Observatory
    Mehalso Observatory
    Mehalso Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Penn State Erie. A gift from Dr. Robert Mehalso and his wife, Elizabeth, it is located in Erie, Pennsylvania .-References:# -External links:...

    Erie, Pennsylvania
    Erie, Pennsylvania
    Erie is a city located in northwestern Pennsylvania in the United States. Named for the lake and the Native American tribe that resided along its southern shore, Erie is the state's fourth-largest city , with a population of 102,000...

    , USA
    Melbourne Observatory
    Melbourne Observatory
    Melbourne Observatory was founded in 1862 to serve as a scientific research institution for the rapidly growing city of Melbourne, the capital of the colony of Victoria. The observatory was tasked by the Victorian government with maintaining an accurate time reference for the colony through...

    1862 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
    Melton Memorial Observatory
    Melton Memorial Observatory
    Melton Memorial Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by University of South Carolina. It is named after Dr. William Davis Melton and built in 1928. It is located in Columbia, South Carolina .-External links:*...

    1928 Columbia, South Carolina
    Columbia, South Carolina
    Columbia is the state capital and largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The population was 129,272 according to the 2010 census. Columbia is the county seat of Richland County, but a portion of the city extends into neighboring Lexington County. The city is the center of a metropolitan...

    , USA
    Mendenhall Observatory
    Mendenhall Observatory
    The H.S. Mendenhall Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Oklahoma State University. Named after the university's first astronomer, Harrison Shepler Mendenhall, it is located in Stillwater, Oklahoma .-References:#...

    2002 Stillwater
    Stillwater, Oklahoma
    Stillwater is a city in north-central Oklahoma at the intersection of U.S. 177 and State Highway 51. It is the county seat of Payne County, Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 45,688. Stillwater is the principal city of the Stillwater Micropolitan Statistical...

    , Oklahoma
    Oklahoma
    Oklahoma is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. With an estimated 3,751,351 residents as of the 2010 census and a land area of 68,667 square miles , Oklahoma is the 28th most populous and 20th-largest state...

    , USA
    Menke Observatory
    Menke Observatory
    Menke Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by St. Ambrose University. It is located northwest of Dixon, Iowa on the southern bank of the Wapsipinicon River. It is named after the former President of St...

    1994 Davenport, Iowa
    Davenport, Iowa
    Davenport is a city located along the Mississippi River in Scott County, Iowa, United States. Davenport is the county seat of and largest city in Scott County. Davenport was founded on May 14, 1836 by Antoine LeClaire and was named for his friend, George Davenport, a colonel during the Black Hawk...

    , USA
    Metsähovi Observatory 1966 Kirkkonummi
    Kirkkonummi
    Kirkkonummi is a municipality of inhabitants in southern Finland. The literal meaning of the words "Kirkkonummi" and "Kyrkslätt" in English is "church moor"....

    , Finland
    Meudon Observatory 1876 Meudon
    Meudon
    Meudon is a municipality in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is in the département of Hauts-de-Seine. It is located from the center of Paris.-Geography:...

    , France
    Meyer-Womble Observatory
    Meyer-Womble Observatory
    Meyer-Womble Observatory is an astronomical observatory near the summit of Mount Evans in Colorado, United States, operated by the University of Denver. Located at and 14,148 feet , it is the third highest optical telescope in the world...

    1996 Mount Evans, Colorado, USA
    Michigan State University Observatory
    Michigan State University Observatory
    Michigan State University Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Michigan State University. It is located south of the Michigan State University campus in East Lansing, Michigan , near the corner of Forest Rd and College Rd. It has a Cassegrain telescope in its single dome...

    1969 East Lansing
    East Lansing, Michigan
    East Lansing is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. The city is located directly east of Lansing, Michigan, the state's capital. Most of the city is within Ingham County, though a small portion lies in Clinton County. The population was 48,579 at the time of the 2010 census, an increase from...

    , Michigan
    Michigan
    Michigan is a U.S. state located in the Great Lakes Region of the United States of America. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word mishigamaa, meaning "large water" or "large lake"....

    , USA
    Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées
    • Pic du Midi Observatory

    • Toulouse Observatory
      Toulouse Observatory
      The Observatoire de Toulouse is located in Toulouse, France and was established in 1733. It was founded by l'Académie des Sciences, Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres de Toulouse . It was moved 1841 and again in 1981...

     
  • 1878
  • 1733
  • Headquarters: Toulouse
    Toulouse
    Toulouse is a city in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern FranceIt lies on the banks of the River Garonne, 590 km away from Paris and half-way between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea...

    , France
  • Pyrenees
    Pyrenees
    The Pyrenees is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between France and Spain...

    , France
  • Toulouse
    Toulouse
    Toulouse is a city in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern FranceIt lies on the banks of the River Garonne, 590 km away from Paris and half-way between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea...

    , France
  • Miller Observatory
    Miller Observatory
    Lucile Miller Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the Catawba Valley Astronomy Club. It is located in Maiden High School in Maiden, North Carolina .-References:# -External links:* Forecasts of observing conditions....

    1976 Maiden
    Maiden, North Carolina
    Maiden is a town in Catawba and Lincoln counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Maiden is also known as "The Biggest Little Football Town in the World"...

    , North Carolina
    North Carolina
    North Carolina is a state located in the southeastern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north. North Carolina contains 100 counties. Its capital is Raleigh, and its largest city is Charlotte...

    , USA
    Mills Observatory
    Mills Observatory
    The Mills Observatory in Dundee, Scotland, is the only full-time public astronomical observatory in the UK . Built in 1935, the observatory is classically styled in sandstone and has a distinctive 7 m dome, which houses a Victorian refracting telescope, a small planetarium, and display areas...

    1935 Balgay Hills
    Balgay
    Balgay is a suburb in the west end of Dundee, Scotland. The name, derived from Gaelic, seems to mean 'stead of the marsh/wind' . During the 17th century, Balgay House was built and now this has become incorporated into Royal Victoria Hospital. Balgay Hill and Victoria Park were acquired by Dundee...

    , Dundee
    Dundee
    Dundee is the fourth-largest city in Scotland and the 39th most populous settlement in the United Kingdom. It lies within the eastern central Lowlands on the north bank of the Firth of Tay, which feeds into the North Sea...

    , Scotland
    Scotland
    Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...

    MMT Observatory
    MMT Observatory
    The MMT Observatory is an astronomical observatory on the site of Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory . The Whipple observatory complex is located on Mount Hopkins, Arizona, USA in the Santa Rita Mountains...

    1987 Mount Hopkins, Arizona
    Mount Hopkins (Arizona)
    Mount Hopkins is a mountain in Santa Cruz County, Arizona part of the Santa Rita Mountains range. Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory is located on it. It is within the Coronado National Forest and was named after Gilbert Hopkins who was killed nearby in 1865 during the Battle of Fort Buchanan....

    , USA
    Modra Observatory
    Modra Observatory
    The Astronomical Observatory of Modra , also known as Modra Observatory or the Astronomical and Geophysical observatory in Modra, is an astronomical observatory located in Modra, Slovakia. It is owned and operated by the Comenius University in Bratislava...

    1988 Modra
    Modra
    Modra is a city and municipality in the Bratislava Region in Slovakia. It has a population of 8,704 as of 2005. It nestles in the foothills of the Malé Karpaty and is an excellent centre of hiking.Modra is famous for its pottery industry...

    , Slovakia
    Moletai Astronomical Observatory
    Moletai Astronomical Observatory
    The Molėtai Astronomical Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy of Lithuania...

    1969 Moletai
    Moletai
    Molėtai is a city in north eastern Lithuania. One of the oldest settlements in Lithuania, it is a popular resort for the inhabitants of Vilnius. According to the 2001 census, it had 7,221 inhabitants....

    , Lithuania
    Lithuania
    Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...

    Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope
    Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope
    The Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope is a radio telescope operating at 843 MHz. It is operated by the School of Physics of the University of Sydney...

     (MOST)
    1960 Bungendore, New South Wales
    New South Wales
    New South Wales is a state of :Australia, located in the east of the country. It is bordered by Queensland, Victoria and South Australia to the north, south and west respectively. To the east, the state is bordered by the Tasman Sea, which forms part of the Pacific Ocean. New South Wales...

    , Australia
    Mont Mégantic Observatory
    Mont Mégantic Observatory
    The Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic is an astronomical observatory owned and operated jointly by the Université de Montréal, the Université Laval and the McGill University...

    1978 Mont Mégantic
    Mont Mégantic
    Mont Mégantic is a monadnock located in Québec, Canada, about 15 km north of the border between Québec and the U.S. states of Maine and New Hampshire.Mégantic is on the border of the regional county municipalities of Le Granit and Le Haut-Saint-François....

    , Québec
    Quebec
    Quebec or is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level....

    , Canada
    Monterey Institute for Research in Astronomy
    Monterey Institute for Research in Astronomy
    The Monterey Institute for Research in Astronomy is a privately established, non-profit, professional organization for astronomical education and research, near Monterey, California. It is located adjacent to the campus of the California State University, Monterey Bay, within the city limits of...

    1972 Monterey, California
    Monterey, California
    The City of Monterey in Monterey County is located on Monterey Bay along the Pacific coast in Central California. Monterey lies at an elevation of 26 feet above sea level. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 27,810. Monterey is of historical importance because it was the capital of...

    , USA
    Moore Observatory
    Moore Observatory
    Moore Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by University of Louisville. Dedicated in 1978, it is located on the Horner Wildlife Refuge in Oldham County, Kentucky .-History:...

    1978 Oldham County, Kentucky
    Oldham County, Kentucky
    As of the census of 2000, there were 46,178 people, 14,856 households, and 12,196 families residing in the county. The population density was . There were 15,541 housing units at an average density of...

    , USA
    Morgan-Monroe Observatory 1966 Morgan-Monroe State Forest
    Morgan-Monroe State Forest
    Morgan-Monroe State Forest is a state forest in Morgan County and Monroe County of Indiana, and is the second largest state forest in Indiana. The comprising this deciduous forest were abandoned farmland, as the previous residents realized that the land's rocky soil was very poor for agricultural...

    , Indiana
    Indiana
    Indiana is a US state, admitted to the United States as the 19th on December 11, 1816. It is located in the Midwestern United States and Great Lakes Region. With 6,483,802 residents, the state is ranked 15th in population and 16th in population density. Indiana is ranked 38th in land area and is...

    , USA
    Morris Observatory
    Morris Observatory
    Charles S. Morris Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Manchester College. Built in 1973, It is located in North Manchester, Indiana.-References:# -External links:*...

    1973 North Manchester
    North Manchester, Indiana
    North Manchester is a town in Chester Township, Wabash County, Indiana, United States. Peter Ogan, acting as the town’s founder filed for recording the 'Original Plat of Manchester' on February 13, 1846...

    , Indiana
    Indiana
    Indiana is a US state, admitted to the United States as the 19th on December 11, 1816. It is located in the Midwestern United States and Great Lakes Region. With 6,483,802 residents, the state is ranked 15th in population and 16th in population density. Indiana is ranked 38th in land area and is...

    , USA
    Morrison Observatory
    Morrison Observatory
    Morrison Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Central Methodist University located in Fayette, Missouri . It was named after Bernice Morrison who, in 1874, pledged $100,000 to C. W. Pritchett for the construction of the observatory. Half of that amount would go the...

    Fayette, Missouri
    Fayette, Missouri
    Fayette is a city in Howard County, Missouri, United States. The population was 2,793 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Howard County. It is in the Columbia, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area.-Geography:...

    , USA
    Moscow Cosmic-Ray Station Troitsk
    Troitsk, Moscow Oblast
    Troitsk is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Desna River southwest of Moscow on the Kaluzhskoye Highway. Population: 39,874 ; 32,653 ;...

    , Russia
    Mount Stony Brook Observatory
    Mount Stony Brook Observatory
    The Mount Stony Brook Observatory is an astronomical observatory operated by Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, New York. It is located on the roof of the Earth and Space Sciences Building. The dome contains a Meade 14" Maksutov-Cassegrain telescope and SBIG imaging equipment...

    1968 Stony Brook
    Stony Brook, New York
    Stony Brook is a hamlet located in the Town of Brookhaven in Suffolk County, New York, which is on the North Shore of Long Island...

    , New York
    New York
    New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...

    , USA
    Mounds Observatory
    Mounds Observatory
    The ACT Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the Astronomy Club of Tulsa. It is located 20 miles from Tulsa, Oklahoma . It was also known as Mounds/RMCC Observatory before being renamed in 2010.-References:#...

    Tulsa, Oklahoma
    Tulsa, Oklahoma
    Tulsa is the second-largest city in the state of Oklahoma and 46th-largest city in the United States. With a population of 391,906 as of the 2010 census, it is the principal municipality of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area, a region with 937,478 residents in the MSA and 988,454 in the CSA. Tulsa's...

    , USA
    Mount Abu Observatory Mount Abu, Rajasthan
    Rajasthan
    Rājasthān the land of Rajasthanis, , is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert , which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with...

    , India
    Mount Cuba Astronomical Observatory
    Mount Cuba Astronomical Observatory
    Mount Cuba Astronomical Observatory is an astronomical observatory is located in Greenville, Delaware, USA. This observatory is home to a 0.6-meter telescope used by the Delaware Astronomical Society, the University of Delaware, and the Whole Earth Telescope....

    Greenville, Delaware
    Greenville, Delaware
    Greenville is a census-designated place in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. The population was 2,326 at the 2010 census.-Geography:Greenville is located at ....

    , USA
    Mount Graham International Observatory
    Mount Graham International Observatory
    Mount Graham International Observatory is a division of Steward Observatory the research arm for the Department of Astronomy at The University of Arizona. It is located in southeast Arizona's Pinaleno Mountains near Mount Graham....

    1993 Mount Graham
    Mount Graham
    Mount Graham is a mountain in southeastern Arizona in the United States, in the Coronado National Forest. It is the highest mountain in the Pinaleño Mountains. As the name "Mount Graham" is often used by locals to refer to the entire mountain range, the peak itself is frequently referred to as...

    , Arizona, USA
    Mount John University Observatory
    Mount John University Observatory
    Mount John University Observatory , is New Zealand's premier astronomical research observatory. It is situated at ASL atop Mount John at the northern end of the Mackenzie Basin in the South Island, and was established in 1965...

    1965 Lake Tekapo
    Lake Tekapo
    Lake Tekapo is the second-largest of three roughly parallel lakes running north–south along the northern edge of the Mackenzie Basin in the South Island of New Zealand...

    , South Island
    South Island
    The South Island is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand, the other being the more populous North Island. It is bordered to the north by Cook Strait, to the west by the Tasman Sea, to the south and east by the Pacific Ocean...

    , New Zealand
    Mount Laguna Observatory
    Mount Laguna Observatory
    The Mount Laguna Observatory or MLO is an astronomical observatory operated by the Astronomy Department of San Diego State University...

    1968 San Diego, California
    San Diego, California
    San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest city in California. The city is located on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, immediately adjacent to the Mexican border. The birthplace of California, San Diego is known for its mild year-round...

    , USA
    Mount Lemmon Observatory
    Mount Lemmon Observatory
    Mount Lemmon Infrared Observatory is an astronomical observatory located approximately 45 miles north of the University of Arizona in the Coronado National Forest in the Santa Catalina Mountains....

    Tucson, Arizona
    Tucson, Arizona
    Tucson is a city in and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States. The city is located 118 miles southeast of Phoenix and 60 miles north of the U.S.-Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 1,020,200...

    , USA
    Mount Pleasant Radio Observatory
    Mount Pleasant Radio Observatory
    The Mount Pleasant Radio Observatory is a radio astronomy based observatory owned and operated by University of Tasmania, located 20 km east of Hobart. It is home to three radio astronomy antennas and the Grote Reber Museum.- Equipment :...

    Tasmania
    Tasmania
    Tasmania is an Australian island and state. It is south of the continent, separated by Bass Strait. The state includes the island of Tasmania—the 26th largest island in the world—and the surrounding islands. The state has a population of 507,626 , of whom almost half reside in the greater Hobart...

    Mount Stromlo Observatory
    Mount Stromlo Observatory
    Mount Stromlo Observatory located just outside of Canberra, Australia, is part of the Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Australian National University .-History:...

    1911 Canberra
    Canberra
    Canberra is the capital city of Australia. With a population of over 345,000, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory , south-west of Sydney, and north-east of Melbourne...

    , Australia
    Mount Suhora Observatory
    Mount Suhora Observatory
    The Mount Suhora Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Cracow Pedagogical University's Astronomy department. It is located on Mount Suhora in the Gorce mountain range, 50 km south of Kraków .-History:...

    1987 Poland
    Mount Wilson Observatory
    Mount Wilson Observatory
    The Mount Wilson Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The MWO is located on Mount Wilson, a 5,715 foot peak in the San Gabriel Mountains near Pasadena, northeast of Los Angeles...

    1904 Mount Wilson
    Mount Wilson (California)
    Mount Wilson is one of the better known peaks in the San Gabriel Mountains, part of the Angeles National Forest in Los Angeles County, California. It is the location of the Mount Wilson Observatory and has become the astronomical center of Southern California with and telescopes, and and tall...

    , Los Angeles County, California
    Los Angeles County, California
    Los Angeles County is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of 2010 U.S. Census, the county had a population of 9,818,605, making it the most populous county in the United States. Los Angeles County alone is more populous than 42 individual U.S. states...

    , USA
    Mountain Skies Observatory
    Mountain Skies Observatory
    Mountain Skies Observatory is a privately owned astronomical observatory located in Lyman, Wyoming, USA. It is one of the largest observatories in the region and is used frequently by the Bridger Valley Astronomical Society.-References:# -External links:...

    1997 Lyman, Wyoming
    Lyman, Wyoming
    Lyman is a town in Uinta County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 1,938 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Lyman is located at ....

    , USA
    Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory
    Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory
    Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory is home to a number of large aperture synthesis radio telescopes, including the One-Mile Telescope, 5-km Ryle Telescope, and the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager...

    1957 Cambridge
    Cambridge
    The city of Cambridge is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England. It lies in East Anglia about north of London. Cambridge is at the heart of the high-technology centre known as Silicon Fen – a play on Silicon Valley and the fens surrounding the...

    , England

    N

    Name Established Location
    Nachi-Katsuura Observatory
    Nachi-Katsuura Observatory
    Nachi-Katsuura Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Nachikatsuura, Wakayama, Japan. Facing the Pacific Ocean, it lies within the Yoshino-Kumano National Park. It is 0.83368 Earth radi from the rotational axis of the Earth, and +0.55040 Earth radii above the equatorial plane....

    Nachikatsuura, Wakayama
    Nachikatsuura, Wakayama
    is a town located in Higashimuro District, Wakayama, Japan.As of 2003, the town has an estimated population of 18,795 and a density of 102.45 persons per km². The total area is 183.45 km²....

    , Japan
    Nanjing Astronomical Instruments Research Centre 1958 Nanjing
    Nanjing
    ' is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions...

    , Jiangsu
    Jiangsu
    ' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. The name comes from jiang, short for the city of Jiangning , and su, for the city of Suzhou. The abbreviation for this province is "苏" , the second character of its name...

     Province, China
    National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
    National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
    The is an astronomical research organisation comprising several facilities in Japan, as well as an observatory in Hawaii. It was established in 1988 as an amalgamation of three existing research organizations - the Tokyo Astronomical Observatory of the University of Tokyo, International Latitude...

    1988 Headquarters: Mitaka, Tokyo
    Mitaka, Tokyo
    is a city located in Tokyo, Japan. As of 1 November 2010, the city has an estimated population of 176,737. The total area is 16.50 km² and is about 50 – 55 meters above sea level...

    , Japan
    National Astronomical Observatory (Mexico)
    National Astronomical Observatory (Mexico)
    Mexico's National Astronomical Observatory was first established on the balcony of Chapultepec Castle in Mexico City in 1878. It was later moved to Tacubaya, then on the outskirts of the city, a location remembered in the Observatorio station of the Mexico City Metro, situated nearby...

    1967 Sierra San Pedro Mártir
    Sierra San Pedro Mártir
    Sierra de San Pedro Mártir is a mountain range that is one of the Peninsular Ranges of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. At , the highest peak is the Picacho del Diablo, also known as Cerro de la Encantada or Picacho la Providencia...

    , Baja California
    Baja California
    Baja California officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Baja California is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is both the northernmost and westernmost state of Mexico. Before becoming a state in 1953, the area was known as the North...

    , Mexico
    National Observatory of Athens
    National Observatory of Athens
    The National Observatory of Athens is a research institute in Athens, Greece. Founded in 1842, it is the oldest research foundation in Greece, as it was the first scientific research institute built after Greece became independent in 1829, and one of the oldest research institutes in Southern...

    1842 Athens
    Athens
    Athens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state...

    , Greece
    National Optical Astronomy Observatory
    National Optical Astronomy Observatory
    The National Optical Astronomy Observatory is the United States national observatory for ground based nighttime ultraviolet-optical-infrared astronomy. The National Science Foundation funds NOAO to provide forefront astronomical research facilities for US astronomers...

    • Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
      Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
      The Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory is a complex of astronomical telescopes and instruments located at 30.169 S, 70.804 W, approximately 80 km to the East of La Serena, Chile at an altitude of 2200 metres. The complex is part of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory along with Kitt...

    • Gemini Observatory
      Gemini Observatory
      The Gemini Observatory is an astronomical observatory consisting of two telescopes at sites in Hawai‘i and Chile. Together, the twin Gemini telescopes provide almost complete coverage of both the northern and southern skies...

    • Kitt Peak National Observatory
      Kitt Peak National Observatory
      The Kitt Peak National Observatory is a United States astronomical observatory located on 2,096 m Kitt Peak of the Quinlan Mountains in the Arizona-Sonoran Desert on the Tohono O'odham Nation, southwest of Tucson...

    • National Solar Observatory
      National Solar Observatory
      The mission of the National Solar Observatory is to advance knowledge of the Sun, both as an astronomical object and as the dominant external influence on Earth, by providing forefront observational opportunities to the research community...

    1982 Headquarters: Tucson, Arizona
    Tucson, Arizona
    Tucson is a city in and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States. The city is located 118 miles southeast of Phoenix and 60 miles north of the U.S.-Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 1,020,200...

    , USA
    National Optical Observatory Turkey
    Turkey
    Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...

    National Radio Astronomy Observatory
    National Radio Astronomy Observatory
    The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a Federally Funded Research and Development Center of the United States National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc for the purpose of radio astronomy...

  • Atacama Large Millimeter Array
    Atacama Large Millimeter Array
    The Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array is an array of radio telescopes in the Atacama desert of northern Chile. Since a high and dry site is crucial to millimeter wavelength operations, the array is being constructed on the Chajnantor plateau at 5000 metres altitude...

  • Green Bank Telescope
    Green Bank Telescope
    The Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope is the world's largest fully steerable radio telescope and the world's largest land-based movable structure. It is part of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory site at Green Bank, West Virginia, USA. The telescope honors the name of the late Senator...

  • Very Large Array
    Very Large Array
    The Very Large Array is a radio astronomy observatory located on the Plains of San Agustin, between the towns of Magdalena and Datil, some fifty miles west of Socorro, New Mexico, USA...

  • Very Long Baseline Array
    Very Long Baseline Array
    The Very Long Baseline Array is a system of ten radio telescopes controlled remotely from the Array Operations Center in Socorro, New Mexico by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. The array works together as the world's largest dedicated, full-time astronomical instrument using the...

  • 1957 Headquarters: Charlottesville, Virginia
    Charlottesville, Virginia
    Charlottesville is an independent city geographically surrounded by but separate from Albemarle County in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States, and named after Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the queen consort of King George III of the United Kingdom.The official population estimate for...

    , USA
    National Solar Observatory
    National Solar Observatory
    The mission of the National Solar Observatory is to advance knowledge of the Sun, both as an astronomical object and as the dominant external influence on Earth, by providing forefront observational opportunities to the research community...

    Sunspot, New Mexico
    Sunspot, New Mexico
    Sunspot is an unincorporated community in the Sacramento Mountains in Otero County, New Mexico, United States. It is located within the Lincoln National Forest, 18 miles south of Cloudcroft. Its elevation is 9200 feet....

    , USA & Kitt Peak
    Kitt Peak
    Kitt Peak is a mountain in the U.S. state of Arizona. It is the location of the Kitt Peak National Observatory. The radio telescope at the Observatory is one of ten dishes comprising the Very Long Baseline Array ....

    , Arizona, USA
    Naylor Observatory
    Naylor Observatory
    Naylor Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Astronomical Society of Harrisburg. It is located in Lewisberry, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania .- History :...

    Harrisburg
    Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
    Harrisburg is the capital of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 49,528, making it the ninth largest city in Pennsylvania...

    , Pennsylvania
    Pennsylvania
    The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is a U.S. state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to...

    , USA
    Neuchâtel Observatory
    Neuchâtel Observatory
    The Observatoire Cantonal de Neuchâtel is an astronomical observatory funded by the Public Economy Department of the Neuchâtel State . It is located in Neuchâtel and was founded in 1858. Besides astronomical observations, the Neuchâtel observatory also works with atomic clocks...

    1858 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
    Nice Observatory
    Nice Observatory
    The Observatoire de Nice is an astronomical observatory located in Nice, France on the summit of Mont Gros. The observatory was initiated in 1879 by the banker Raphaël Bischoffsheim...

    1879 Nice, France
    Norman Lockyer Observatory
    Lockyer Observatory and Planetarium
    The Norman Lockyer Observatory and Planetarium is a planetarium and a public access optical observatory in East Devon on the Jurassic Coast of South West England.- Location and instruments :...

    1912 Sidmouth
    Sidmouth
    Sidmouth is a small town on the English Channel coast in Devon, South West England. The town lies at the mouth of the River Sid in the East Devon district, south east of Exeter. It has a population of about 15,000, of whom 40% are over 65....

    , Devon
    Devon
    Devon is a large county in southwestern England. The county is sometimes referred to as Devonshire, although the term is rarely used inside the county itself as the county has never been officially "shired", it often indicates a traditional or historical context.The county shares borders with...

    , England
    Nordic Optical Telescope
    Nordic Optical Telescope
    The Nordic Optical Telescope is an astronomical telescope located at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory, La Palma in the Canary Islands. First light came in 1988, with regular observing beginning in 1989. It is funded by Denmark, Sweden, Iceland, Norway and Finland...

    1988 Canary Islands
    Canary Islands
    The Canary Islands , also known as the Canaries , is a Spanish archipelago located just off the northwest coast of mainland Africa, 100 km west of the border between Morocco and the Western Sahara. The Canaries are a Spanish autonomous community and an outermost region of the European Union...

    , Spain
    Norilsk Cosmic-Ray Station Norilsk
    Norilsk
    Norilsk is an industrial city in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located between the Yenisei River and the Taymyr Peninsula. Population: It was granted city status in 1953. It is the northernmost city in Siberia and the world's second largest city north of the Arctic Circle...

    , Krasnoyarsk Krai
    Krasnoyarsk Krai
    Krasnoyarsk Krai is a federal subject of Russia . It is the second largest federal subject after the Sakha Republic, and Russia's largest krai, occupying an area of , which is 13% of the country's total territory. The administrative center of the krai is the city of Krasnoyarsk...

    , Russia
    North Georgia Astronomical Observatory
    North Georgia Astronomical Observatory
    North Georgia Astronomical Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by North Georgia College and State University. It is located in Dahlonega, Georgia .-External links:*...

    Dahlonega, Georgia
    Georgia (U.S. state)
    Georgia is a state located in the southeastern United States. It was established in 1732, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies. The state is named after King George II of Great Britain. Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2, 1788...

    , USA
    North Otago Astronomical Society Observatory
    North Otago Astronomical Society Observatory
    North Otago Astronomical Society's Observatory is situated in Stoke Street, Oamaru, New Zealand.The Society has a small but active membership, who meet on the first Monday of each month. Public nights are held at the observatory each Friday, weather permitting, during the first and last quarters...

    Oamaru
    Oamaru
    Oamaru , the largest town in North Otago, in the South Island of New Zealand, is the main town in the Waitaki District. It is 80 kilometres south of Timaru and 120 kilometres north of Dunedin, on the Pacific coast, and State Highway 1 and the railway Main South Line connects it to both...

    , South Island
    South Island
    The South Island is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand, the other being the more populous North Island. It is bordered to the north by Cook Strait, to the west by the Tasman Sea, to the south and east by the Pacific Ocean...

    , New Zealand
    Nyrölä Observatory
    Nyrölä Observatory
    Nyrölä Observatory is an amateur astronomical observatory in Finland. It is owned and operated by the astronomical association Jyväskylän Sirius ry, and located in the countryside village of Nyrölä near Jyväskylä....

    1997 Jyväskylän maalaiskunta
    Jyväskylän maalaiskunta
    Jyväskylän maalaiskunta , 'The Rural Municipality of Jyväskylä' is a former municipality of Finland. Together with Korpilahti, Jyväskylän maalaiskunta was consolidated with Jyväskylä on January 1, 2009. It was the last municipality to carry the name maalaiskunta.Jyväskylän maalaiskunta had three...

    , Finland

    O

    Name Established Location
    Observatorio Astronomico Nacional 1961 Tonantzintla, Mexico
    Observatório Nacional 1827 Rio de Janeiro
    Rio de Janeiro
    Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...

    , Brazil
    Observatorio Solar Carl Sagan 2000 Hermosillo
    Hermosillo
    Hermosillo is a city and municipality located centrally in the northwestern Mexican state of Sonora. It is the capital and main economic center for the state and region. It contains almost all of the state's manufacturing and has thirty percent of its population...

    , Sonora
    Sonora
    Sonora officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Sonora is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 72 municipalities; the capital city is Hermosillo....

    , Mexico
    Oil Region Astronomical Observatory
    Oil Region Astronomical Observatory
    Oil Region Astronomical Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Oil Region Astronomical Society. It is located in Venango County, Pennsylvania .-References:# -External links:*...

    Venango County
    Venango County, Pennsylvania
    Venango County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 54,984. Its county seat is Franklin.-History:Venango County was created on March 12, 1800 from parts of Allegheny and Lycoming Counties...

    , Pennsylvania
    Pennsylvania
    The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is a U.S. state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to...

    , USA
    Onan Observatory 1990 Norwood Young America, Minnesota
    Norwood Young America, Minnesota
    As of the census of 2000, there were 3,108 people, 1,171 households, and 833 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,855.8 people per square mile . There were 1,201 housing units at an average density of 717.1 per square mile...

    , USA
    Ondřejov Observatory
    Ondrejov Observatory
    The Ondřejov Observatory is the principal observatory of the Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. It is located near the village of Ondřejov, 35 km southeast of Prague....

    1898 Ondřejov, Czech Republic
    Onsala Space Observatory
    Onsala Space Observatory
    Onsala Space Observatory , the Swedish National Facility for Radio Astronomy, provides scientists with equipment to study the Earth and the rest of the Universe. The observatory operates two radio telescopes in Onsala, 45 km south of Göteborg, and takes part in several international projects...

    1949 Onsala
    Onsala
    Onsala is a locality situated in Kungsbacka Municipality, Halland County, Sweden, with 11,375 inhabitants in 2005. It is also the biggest peninsula in Sweden, south of Gothenburg....

    , Sweden
    Ooty Radio Telescope
    Ooty Radio Telescope
    The Ooty Radio Telescope is located in Muthorai near Ootacamund , south India. It is part of the National centre of Radio Astrophysics of the well known Tata Institute of Fundamental Research which is funded by the Government of India through the Department of atomic energy. The Ooty Radio...

    1970 Ooty, Tamil Nadu
    Tamil Nadu
    Tamil Nadu is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh...

    , India
    Orchard Hill Observatory
    Orchard Hill Observatory
    The Orchard Hill Observatory is an astronomical observatory located at the highest point on the University of Massachusetts Amherst campus. Constructed in 1965, the observatory is a modest brick building with a 16 inch Cassegrain reflector optical telescope...

    1965 Amherst, Massachusetts
    Amherst, Massachusetts
    Amherst is a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States in the Connecticut River valley. As of the 2010 census, the population was 37,819, making it the largest community in Hampshire County . The town is home to Amherst College, Hampshire College, and the University of Massachusetts...

    Orioloromano Observatory
    Orioloromano Observatory
    Oriolo Romano Observatory is an amateur astronomical observatory in Oriolo Romano, Viterbo, Italy. Built in 2007, the observatory has a Celestron 8" Schmidt-Cassegrain F/10 telescope. The observatory was designed to be fully robotic, uses a QSI WS40 CCD camera with clear filter for data...

    2007 Oriolo Romano
    Oriolo Romano
    Oriolo Romano is a comune in the Province of Viterbo in the Italian region Latium, located about 40 km northwest of Rome and about 30 km south of Viterbo on a hilly area near the ancient Via Clodia.-Main sights:...

    , Italy
    Orion 1
    Orion 1 and Orion 2 Space Observatories
    The Orion 1 Space Observatory and Orion 2 Space Observatory were space observatories installed in spacecraft launched by the space program of the Soviet Union during the 1970s.- Orion 1 :...

     (defunct)
    1971 Low Earth orbit
    Low Earth orbit
    A low Earth orbit is generally defined as an orbit within the locus extending from the Earth’s surface up to an altitude of 2,000 km...

    Orion 2
    Orion 1 and Orion 2 Space Observatories
    The Orion 1 Space Observatory and Orion 2 Space Observatory were space observatories installed in spacecraft launched by the space program of the Soviet Union during the 1970s.- Orion 1 :...

     (defunct)
    1973 Low Earth orbit
    Low Earth orbit
    A low Earth orbit is generally defined as an orbit within the locus extending from the Earth’s surface up to an altitude of 2,000 km...

    Otter Creek Observatory
    Otter Creek Observatory
    Otter Creek Observatory is an astronomical observatory, one of two units of the Otter Creek–South Harrison Observatories operated by Jefferson Community and Technical College...

    1995 Meade County, Kentucky
    Meade County, Kentucky
    As of the census of 2000, there were 26,349 people, 9,470 households, and 7,396 families residing in the county. The population density was . There were 10,293 housing units at an average density of...

    , USA
    Oulu Cosmic-Ray Station Oulu
    Oulu
    Oulu is a city and municipality of inhabitants in the region of Northern Ostrobothnia, in Finland. It is the most populous city in Northern Finland and the sixth most populous city in the country. It is one of the northernmost larger cities in the world....

    , Finland
    Owens Valley Radio Observatory
    Owens Valley Radio Observatory
    The Owens Valley Radio Observatory is a radio observatory located near Bishop, California, within the Owens Valley, California region, approximately 250 miles north of Los Angeles on the east side of the Sierra Nevada. It is owned and operated by the California Institute of Technology. For...

    Bishop, California
    Bishop, California
    Bishop is a city in Inyo County, California, United States. Though Bishop is the only city and the largest populated place in Inyo County, the county seat is Independence. Bishop is located near the northern end of the Owens Valley, at an elevation of 4147 feet . The population was 3,879 at the...

    , USA

    P

    Name Established Location
    Pachmarhi Array of Cerenkov Telescopes (PACT)
    Pachmarhi Telescope Array
    The Pachmarhi Telescope Array or Pachmarhi Array of Cerenkov Telescopes is an array of 24 telescopes for gamma-ray astronomy. It is located at Pachmarhi in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is operated by the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research....

    Pachmarhi
    Pachmarhi
    Pachmarhi is a hill station in Madhya Pradesh state of central India, also known for the Pachmarhi Cantonment. It is widely known as "Satpura ki Rani" , situated at a height of 1000 m in a valley of the Satpura Range in Hoshangabad district...

    , Madhya Pradesh
    Madhya Pradesh
    Madhya Pradesh , often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and Indore is the largest city....

    , India
    Palisades-Dows Observatory
    Palisades-Dows Observatory
    Palisades-Dows Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the Cedar Amateur Astronomers . It is located 15 miles southeast of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, USA and was founded in 1987. It is named after the Palisades-Dows Preserve which it is located in.-References:# -External links:*...

    1987 Cedar Rapids, Iowa
    Cedar Rapids, Iowa
    Cedar Rapids is the second largest city in Iowa and is the county seat of Linn County. The city lies on both banks of the Cedar River, north of Iowa City and east of Des Moines, the state's capital and largest city...

    , USA
    Palomar Observatory
    Palomar Observatory
    Palomar Observatory is a privately owned observatory located in San Diego County, California, southeast of Pasadena's Mount Wilson Observatory, in the Palomar Mountain Range. At approximately elevation, it is owned and operated by the California Institute of Technology...

    1948 Palomar Mountain
    Palomar Mountain
    Palomar Mountain is a mountain in the Peninsular Ranges in northern San Diego County. It is famous as the location of the Palomar Observatory and Hale Telescope, and known for the Palomar Mountain State Park.-History:...

    , California
    California
    California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...

    , USA
    Panzano Observatory
    Panzano Observatory
    The Panzano Observatory was an observatory in the village of Panzano about to the NNW of the centre of the comune of Castelfranco Emilia, near Bologna, Italy, where Giovanni Cassini worked....

    Bologna
    Bologna
    Bologna is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna, in the Po Valley of Northern Italy. The city lies between the Po River and the Apennine Mountains, more specifically, between the Reno River and the Savena River. Bologna is a lively and cosmopolitan Italian college city, with spectacular history,...

    , Italy
    Paranal Observatory
    Paranal Observatory
    Paranal Observatory is an astronomical observatory located on Cerro Paranal at 2,635 m altitude and operated by the European Southern Observatory. The Very Large Telescope is the largest telescope on Paranal, actually composed of four separate 8.2 m telescopes...

    1999 Cerro Paranal
    Cerro Paranal
    Cerro Paranal , also known as Paranal Mountain is a mountain in the Atacama desert of northern Chile that is home to the Paranal Observatory. It is famous for hosting the Very Large Telescope and the VLT Survey Telescope. It is located 120 km west of Antofagasta and 80 km north of Taltal,...

    , Atacama desert
    Atacama Desert
    The Atacama Desert is a plateau in South America, covering a strip of land on the Pacific coast, west of the Andes mountains. It is, according to NASA, National Geographic and many other publications, the driest desert in the world...

    , Chile
    Chile
    Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...

    Paris Observatory
    Paris Observatory
    The Paris Observatory is the foremost astronomical observatory of France, and one of the largest astronomical centres in the world...

    1667 Paris, France
    Parkes Observatory
    Parkes Observatory
    The Parkes Observatory is a radio telescope observatory, 20 kilometres north of the town of Parkes, New South Wales, Australia. It was one of several radio antennas used to receive live, televised images of the Apollo 11 moon landing on 20 July 1969....

    1961 Parkes
    Parkes, New South Wales
    - Transport :Parkes has a local bus service provided by Western Road Liners, which acquired Harris Bus Lines in March 2006. The Indian Pacific also stops twice a week, as well as the Broken Hill Outback Xplorer service, run by CountryLink, which heads to Broken Hill on Mondays and Sydney on...

    , Australia
    Paul Robinson Observatory
    Paul Robinson Observatory
    Paul Robinson Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Edwin E. Aldrin Astronomical Center. It is located in High Bridge, New Jersey .-References:#...

    1965 High Bridge, New Jersey
    High Bridge, New Jersey
    High Bridge is a borough in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2010 Census, the borough population was 3,648.-History:...

    , USA
    Peach Mountain Observatory 1950 Dexter, Michigan
    Dexter, Michigan
    Dexter is a village in Washtenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The majority of the village is in the northwest corner of Scio Township with a small portion in Webster Township. The population was 4,067 at the 2010 census...

    , USA
    Perkins Observatory
    Perkins Observatory
    Perkins Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Delaware, Ohio. It is owned and operated by Ohio Wesleyan University.-Early history:The observatory is named for Hiram Perkins, a professor of mathematics and astronomy at the Ohio Wesleyan University in Delaware, Ohio from 1857 to 1907...

    1931 Delaware, Ohio
    Delaware, Ohio
    The City of Delaware is a city in and the county seat of Delaware County in the United States state of Ohio. Delaware was founded in 1808 and was incorporated in 1816. It is located near the center of Ohio, is about north of Columbus, and is part of the Columbus, Ohio Metropolitan Area...

    , USA
    Perth Observatory
    Perth Observatory
    The Perth Observatory is the name of two astronomical observatories located in Western Australia.-First Perth Observatory:The original Perth Observatory was constructed in 1896 and was officially opened in 1900 by John Forrest, the first premier of Western Australia. The observatory was located at...

    1896 Perth, Australia
    Perth, Western Australia
    Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia and the fourth most populous city in Australia. The Perth metropolitan area has an estimated population of almost 1,700,000....

    Pic du Midi Observatory
    Pic du Midi de Bigorre
    The Pic du Midi de Bigorre or simply Pic du Midi is a mountain in the French Pyrenees famous for its astronomical observatory, the Observatoire du Pic du Midi de Bigorre , part of the Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées .-Pic du Midi Observatory:Construction of the observatory began in 1878 under the...

    1878 Pic du Midi
    Pic du Midi de Bigorre
    The Pic du Midi de Bigorre or simply Pic du Midi is a mountain in the French Pyrenees famous for its astronomical observatory, the Observatoire du Pic du Midi de Bigorre , part of the Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées .-Pic du Midi Observatory:Construction of the observatory began in 1878 under the...

    , Pyrenees
    Pyrenees
    The Pyrenees is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between France and Spain...

    , France
    Pico dos Dias Observatory
    Pico dos Dias Observatory
    Pico dos Dias ObservatoryOrganizationLNA LocationMinas Gerais, BrazilCoordinatesAltitude 1,864 meters WebpageTelescopesPerkin-Elmer 1.6 meter Cassegrain reflectorBoller and Chivens0.6 meter Ritchey-Chrétien reflector...

    1981 Minas Gerais
    Minas Gerais
    Minas Gerais is one of the 26 states of Brazil, of which it is the second most populous, the third richest, and the fourth largest in area. Minas Gerais is the Brazilian state with the largest number of Presidents of Brazil, the current one, Dilma Rousseff, being one of them. The capital is the...

    , Brazil
    Piera Observatory
    Piera Observatory
    Piera Observatory is an astronomical observatory located in Piera, Catalonia, with the IAU observatory code 165....

    1968 Barcelona
    Barcelona
    Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...

    , Spain
    Pine Bluff Observatory
    Pine Bluff Observatory
    The Pine Bluff Observatory is located in the town of Cross Plains, Wisconsin about 15 miles west of Madison. The observatory was built in 1958 and is mainly used by students and faculty of the University of Wisconsin–Madison for teaching and research in astronomy. PBO also provides a facility for...

    1958 Cross Plains, Wisconsin
    Cross Plains (town), Wisconsin
    Cross Plains is a town in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,419 at the 2000 census. The Village of Cross Plains is located partially within the town...

    , USA
    Pine Mountain Observatory
    Pine Mountain Observatory
    Pine Mountain Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by University of Oregon Physics Department.It is located Southeast of Bend, Oregon at an elevation of ....

    1965 Bend, Oregon
    Bend, Oregon
    Bend is a city in and the county seat of Deschutes County, Oregon, United States, and the principal city of the Bend, Oregon Metropolitan Statistical Area. Bend is Central Oregon's largest city, and, despite its modest size, is the de facto metropolis of the region, owing to the low population...

    , USA
    Pistoia Mountains Astronomical Observatory
    Pistoia Mountains Astronomical Observatory
    The Osservatorio Astronomico della Montagna Pistoiese , also known as Osservatorio di Pian dei Termini , is an astronomical observatory in San Marcello Pistoiese, Tuscany, central Italy.-External links:* * *...

    1990 Pian dei Termini (near San Marcello Pistoiese
    San Marcello Pistoiese
    San Marcello Pistoiese is a comune in the Province of Pistoia in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 45 km northwest of Florence and about 15 km northwest of Pistoia.-History:...

    ), Italy
    Poznań Observatory
    Poznan Observatory
    Poznań Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the physics department of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. It is located in Poznań, Poland and was founded in 1919.-External links:**...

    1919 Poznań
    Poznan
    Poznań is a city on the Warta river in west-central Poland, with a population of 556,022 in June 2009. It is among the oldest cities in Poland, and was one of the most important centres in the early Polish state, whose first rulers were buried at Poznań's cathedral. It is sometimes claimed to be...

    , Poland
    Puckett Observatory
    Puckett Observatory
    Puckett Observatory is a private astronomical observatory located in the North Georgia Mountains, near Ellijay, Georgia, United States. It is owned and operated by Tim Puckett. Its primary observation goals are the study of comets and the discovery of supernovae...

    Ellijay, Georgia
    Ellijay, Georgia
    Ellijay is a city in Gilmer County, Georgia, United States. The population was 1,584 at the 2000 census. The city is the county seat of Gilmer County.Ellijay lies where two rivers, the Ellijay and the Cartecay, come together to form the Coosawattee River...

    , USA
    Pulkovo Observatory
    Pulkovo Observatory
    The Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory астрономи́ческая обсервато́рия Росси́йской акаде́мии нау́к), the principal astronomical observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located 19 km south of Saint Petersburg on Pulkovo Heights...

    1839 Pulkovskiye Heights
    Pulkovskiye Heights
    Pulkovo Heights is a chain of hills located to the south of Saint Petersburg. They run to the south-west in the direction of the Izhora Plateau and have an altitude of up to 73 meters. They were used as a natural defense line during the Russian Civil War and the Battle of Leningrad. It is the...

    , Russia
    Purple Mountain Observatory
    Purple Mountain Observatory
    Purple Mountain Observatory , also known as Zijinshan Astronomical Observatory, is an astronomical observatory located on the Purple Mountain in Nanjing, China.The long time director of the observatory was Zhang Yuzhe Purple Mountain Observatory , also known as Zijinshan Astronomical Observatory,...

    1929 Nanjing
    Nanjing
    ' is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions...

    , Jiangsu
    Jiangsu
    ' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. The name comes from jiang, short for the city of Jiangning , and su, for the city of Suzhou. The abbreviation for this province is "苏" , the second character of its name...

     Province, China

    Q

    Name Established Location
    Quito Astronomical Observatory
    Quito Astronomical Observatory
    Quito Astronomical Observatory is a research institute of the Escuela Politécnica Nacional.Its major research fields are astronomy and atmospheric physics.- History :...

    1873 La Alameda Park, Quito
    La Alameda Park, Quito
    La Alameda Park is a park in Quito.This park is shaped like a triangle bounded by the streets Gran Colombia, Sodiro and 10 de Agosto. It is the oldest park in the city, its composition dates from 1596 with an area of 6.3 hectares...

    , Ecuador
    Ecuador
    Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...


    R

    Name Established Location
    Radcliffe Observatory
    Radcliffe Observatory
    Radcliffe Observatory was the astronomical observatory of Oxford University from 1773 until 1934, when the Radcliffe Trustees sold it and erected a new observatory in Pretoria, South Africa. It is a grade I listed building.- History :...

    1772 Oxford
    Oxford
    The city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...

    , England. Moved to Durban
    Durban
    Durban is the largest city in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal and the third largest city in South Africa. It forms part of the eThekwini metropolitan municipality. Durban is famous for being the busiest port in South Africa. It is also seen as one of the major centres of tourism...

    , South Africa
    South Africa
    The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...

     in 1939
    Rainwater Observatory French Camp, Mississippi
    French Camp, Mississippi
    French Camp is a town in Choctaw County, Mississippi, United States, located eighty miles southwest of Tupelo. The population was 393 at the 2000 census.-Geography:French Camp is located at ....

    , USA
    Ralph A. Worley Observatory
    Ralph A. Worley Observatory
    Ralph A. Worley Observatory is an astronomical observatory currently under lease to Louisiana State University in Shreveport. It was built in 1964 by the Shreveport-Bossier Astronomical Society and later donated to the Caddo Parish School System. It is located 8 miles south of Shreveport,...

    1964 Shreveport, Louisiana
    Shreveport, Louisiana
    Shreveport is the third largest city in Louisiana. It is the principal city of the fourth largest metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana and is the 109th-largest city in the United States....

    , USA
    Rankin Science Observatory 1963 Appalachian State University
    Appalachian State University
    Appalachian State University is a comprehensive , public, coeducational university located in Boone, North Carolina, United States. Appalachian State, also referred to as Appalachian, App State, or simply App, is the sixth largest institution in the University of North Carolina system...

    , Boone, North Carolina
    Boone, North Carolina
    Boone is a town located in the Blue Ridge Mountains of western North Carolina, United States. Boone's population was reported as 17,122, as of 2010...

    , USA
    Rattlesnake Mountain Observatory 1971 Hanford Reach National Monument
    Hanford Reach National Monument
    The Hanford Reach National Monument is a national monument in the U.S. State of Washington. It was created in 2000, mostly from the former security buffer surrounding the Hanford Nuclear Reservation...

    , Washington, USA
    Red Barn Observatory
    Red Barn Observatory
    The Red Barn Observatory was established in 2006 and is dedicated to follow-up observations and detections of asteroids, comets, and Near-Earth objects. Plans for the observatory began in 2002 and construction was completed in 2005. During the month of August 2006, the observatory code H68 was...

    2006 Ty Ty
    Ty Ty, Georgia
    Ty Ty is a city in Tift County, Georgia, United States. The population was 716 at the 2000 census. Ty Ty is named from the trees that once lined Ty Ty Creek, which runs through the area...

    , Georgia
    Georgia (U.S. state)
    Georgia is a state located in the southeastern United States. It was established in 1732, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies. The state is named after King George II of Great Britain. Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2, 1788...

    , USA
    Red Buttes Observatory
    Red Buttes Observatory
    Red Buttes Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by University of Wyoming. It is located 9 miles south of Laramie, Wyoming and was founded in 1994.-External links:* for RBO: forecasts of observing conditions.-References:#...

    1994 Laramie, Wyoming
    Laramie, Wyoming
    Laramie is a city in and the county seat of Albany County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 30,816 at the . Located on the Laramie River in southeastern Wyoming, the city is west of Cheyenne, at the junction of Interstate 80 and U.S. Route 287....

    , USA
    Riley Observatory 1974 Naperville, Illinois
    Naperville, Illinois
    Naperville is a city in DuPage and Will Counties in Illinois in the United States, voted the second best place to live in the United States by Money Magazine in 2006. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 141,853. It is the fifth largest city in the state, behind Chicago,...

     , USA
    RIT Observatory
    RIT Observatory
    Rochester Institute of Technology Observatory is a small astronomical observatory owned and operated by Rochester Institute of Technology. It is located in Henrietta, New York ....

    Rochester, New York
    Rochester, New York
    Rochester is a city in Monroe County, New York, south of Lake Ontario in the United States. Known as The World's Image Centre, it was also once known as The Flour City, and more recently as The Flower City...

    , USA
    Ritter Observatory Toledo
    Toledo, Ohio
    Toledo is the fourth most populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Lucas County. Toledo is in northwest Ohio, on the western end of Lake Erie, and borders the State of Michigan...

    , Ohio
    Ohio
    Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,it is the 7th‑most populous with over 11.5 million residents, containing several major American cities and seven metropolitan areas with populations of 500,000 or more.The state's capital is Columbus...

    , USA
    Robert Brownlee Observatory
    Robert Brownlee Observatory
    Robert Brownlee Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the Mountain Skies Astronomical Society . It is located in Lake Arrowhead, California, USA.The observatory was named for Robert Gregg Brownlee, a biochemist....

    Lake Arrowhead, California
    Lake Arrowhead, California
    Lake Arrowhead is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place in the San Bernardino Mountains of San Bernardino County, California, within the San Bernardino National Forest, adjacent to Lake Arrowhead Reservoir...

    , USA
    Robinson Observatory
    Robinson Observatory
    The Robinson Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the University of Central Florida College of Sciences in Orlando, Florida, USA....

    Orlando, Florida
    Orlando, Florida
    Orlando is a city in the central region of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the county seat of Orange County, and the center of the Greater Orlando metropolitan area. According to the 2010 US Census, the city had a population of 238,300, making Orlando the 79th largest city in the United States...

    , USA
    Robotic Lunar Observatory
    Robotic Lunar Observatory
    The Robotic Lunar Observatory, or ROLO, was an astronomical observatory funded by NASA, located at the USGS Flagstaff Field Center in Flagstaff, AZ, atop McMillan Mesa...

    1995 Flagstaff, Arizona
    Flagstaff, Arizona
    Flagstaff is a city located in northern Arizona, in the southwestern United States. In 2010, the city's population was 65,870. The population of the Metropolitan Statistical Area was at 134,421 in 2010. It is the county seat of Coconino County...

    , USA
    Rogers Observatory
    Rogers Observatory
    Joseph H. Rogers Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Northwestern Michigan College. It is located in Traverse City, Michigan . Construction on the observatory was completed in 1981.-References:# -External links:*...

    1981 Traverse City, Michigan
    Traverse City, Michigan
    Traverse City is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of Grand Traverse County, although a small portion extends into Leelanau County. It is the largest city in the 21-county Northern Michigan region. The population was 14,674 at the 2010 census, with 143,372 in the Traverse...

    , USA
    Rolnick Observatory
    Rolnick Observatory
    Rolnick Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Westport, Connecticut, operated by the Westport Astronomical Society. It is named after Gerry Rolnick, a co-founder of the Westport Astronomical Society and the engineer who ground the reflective mirror in the telescope. The observatory is...

    Westport, Connecticut
    Westport, Connecticut
    -Neighborhoods:* Saugatuck – around the Westport railroad station near the southwestern corner of the town – a built-up area with some restaurants, stores and offices....

    , USA
    Rome Observatory
    Rome Observatory
    The Rome Observatory is one of twelve Astronomical Observatories in Italy. It consists of three sites: Monte Porzio Catone, Campo Imperatore and Monte Mario...

    Italy
    Rothney Astrophysical Observatory 1984 Priddis, Alberta
    Alberta
    Alberta is a province of Canada. It had an estimated population of 3.7 million in 2010 making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces...

    , Canada
    Royal Observatory, Greenwich
    Royal Observatory, Greenwich
    The Royal Observatory, Greenwich , in London, England played a major role in the history of astronomy and navigation, and is best known as the location of the prime meridian...

    1675 Greenwich
    Greenwich
    Greenwich is a district of south London, England, located in the London Borough of Greenwich.Greenwich is best known for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian and Greenwich Mean Time...

    , England
    Royal Observatory, Edinburgh
    Royal Observatory, Edinburgh
    The Royal Observatory, Edinburgh is an astronomical institution located on Blackford Hill in Edinburgh, Scotland. The site is owned by the Science and Technology Facilities Council...

    1896 Edinburgh
    Edinburgh
    Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, the second largest city in Scotland, and the eighth most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council governs one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas. The council area includes urban Edinburgh and a rural area...

    , Scotland
    Scotland
    Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...

    Roque de los Muchachos Observatory
    Roque de los Muchachos Observatory
    Roque de los Muchachos Observatory is an astronomical observatory located in the municipality of Garafía on the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands...

    1979 (officially inaugurated in 1985) La Palma
    La Palma
    La Palma is the most north-westerly of the Canary Islands. La Palma has an area of 706 km2 making it the fifth largest of the seven main Canary Islands...

    , Canary Islands
    Canary Islands
    The Canary Islands , also known as the Canaries , is a Spanish archipelago located just off the northwest coast of mainland Africa, 100 km west of the border between Morocco and the Western Sahara. The Canaries are a Spanish autonomous community and an outermost region of the European Union...

    , Spain.
    Rozhen Observatory
    Rozhen Observatory
    Rozhen Observatory is a Bulgarian astronomical observatory, located 90 km south of the city of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The nearest town, Chepelare, is 15 km away. It is owned and operated by the Institute of Astronomy of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. The Observatory is one of the largest in Europe...

    1981 Peak Rozhen
    Rhodope Mountains
    The Rhodopes are a mountain range in Southeastern Europe, with over 83% of its area in southern Bulgaria and the remainder in Greece. Its highest peak, Golyam Perelik , is the seventh highest Bulgarian mountain...

    , Bulgaria.
    Rutherford Observatory
    Rutherford Observatory
    Rutherfurd Observatory is the astronomical facility maintained by Columbia University named after Lewis Morris Rutherfurd. Initially, Rutherfurd houses his telescopes and equipment in midtown Manhattan and later on the Stuyvesant Estate. When the Morningside campus was built, telescopes were kept...

    1920s New York City, New York, USA
    RT-32 1960 Irbene, Latvia.

    S

    Name Established Location
    San Fernando Observatory (SFO) 1976 Sylmar, California, USA
    Sayan Spectrographic Cosmic Ray Complex Irkutsk
    Irkutsk
    Irkutsk is a city and the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia, one of the largest cities in Siberia. Population: .-History:In 1652, Ivan Pokhabov built a zimovye near the site of Irkutsk for gold trading and for the collection of fur taxes from the Buryats. In 1661, Yakov Pokhabov...

    , Russia
    SFA Observatory 1976 Nacogdoches, Texas
    Nacogdoches, Texas
    Nacogdoches is a city in Nacogdoches County, Texas, in the United States. The 2010 census recorded the city's population to be 32,996. It is the county seat of Nacogdoches County and is situated in East Texas. Nacogdoches is a sister city of Natchitoches, Louisiana.Nacogdoches is the home of...

    , USA
    Sagamore Hill Radio Observatory
    Sagamore Hill Radio Observatory
    - Location :Sagamore Hill, Hamilton, Massachusetts, USA The Sagamore Hill Solar Radio Observatory is a ground-based solar radio telescope observatory located in Hamilton, Massachusetts that operates on a daily basis to obtain scientific observations of the sun. It is a functional component of the...

    1963 Hamilton, Massachusetts
    Hamilton, Massachusetts
    Hamilton is a town located in the eastern central portion of Essex County in eastern Massachusetts. It is primarily a suburban bedroom community, most commonly known for its equestrian estates...

    , USA
    Shattuck Observatory
    Shattuck Observatory
    Shattuck Observatory is the astronomical observatory of Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. It is a small building with three wings and a two-story dome . Its foundations are granite blocks; the building itself is brick. It is notable as the oldest scientific building on campus...

    1854 Hanover, New Hampshire
    Hanover, New Hampshire
    Hanover is a town along the Connecticut River in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 11,260 at the 2010 census. CNN and Money magazine rated Hanover the sixth best place to live in America in 2011, and the second best in 2007....

    , USA
    Seven Hills Observatory
    Seven Hills Observatory
    Seven Hills Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Mark Urwiller, physics instructor at Kearney High School. It is located just northwest of Kearney, Nebraska . Founded in 1996, it is named after the Seven Hills residential subdivision that it was built in.-References:#...

    1996 Kearney, Nebraska
    Kearney, Nebraska
    Kearney is a city in and the county seat of Buffalo County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 30,787 at the 2010 census. It is home to the University of Nebraska-Kearney....

    , USA
    Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory
    Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory
    The Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory is located in Shamakhi, Azerbaijan, on the northern-eastern slope of the Pirqulu mountain, at an altitude of 1,435 m...

    1958 Shamakhi
    Shamakhi
    Shamakhi or Shamakhy is a rayon of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and a town in the rayon. It is the historical center of the region of Shirvan.The town is west of Baku. It has more than 20,000 inhabitants, among them Azerbaijanis and Russians...

    , Azerbaijan
    Azerbaijan
    Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to...

    Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
    Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
    Shanghai Astronomical Observatory , is an astronomical observatory located in Shanghai, China. It has a long history of astrometry, and also operates the Sheshan 25m radio telescope as part of the Chinese VLBI array and the EVN. It was formed in 1962 from the merger of the Xujiahui and Sheshan ...

    1962 Shanghai
    Shanghai
    Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...

    , China
    Shepherd Observatory 2009 Montevallo, Alabama
    Montevallo, Alabama
    Montevallo is a city in Shelby County, Alabama, United States. A college town, it is the home of the University of Montevallo, a public liberal arts university with around 3000 students. As of the 2000 census, the population of the city of Montevallo is 4,825....

    , USA
    Sherzer Observatory
    Sherzer Observatory
    Sherzer Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Eastern Michigan University located in Ypsilanti, Michigan . Established in 1878 with a gift from the citizens of Ypsilanti of a four-inch , $600 Alvan Clark refractor, the...

    1878 Ypsilanti, Michigan
    Ypsilanti, Michigan
    Ypsilanti is a city in Washtenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 22,362. The city is bounded to the north by the Charter Township of Superior and on the west, south, and east by the Charter Township of Ypsilanti...

    , USA
    Sheshan Astronomical Observatory 1900 Shanghai
    Shanghai
    Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...

    , China
    Siding Spring Observatory
    Siding Spring Observatory
    Siding Spring Observatory near Coonabarabran, New South Wales, Australia, part of the Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics at the Australian National University , incorporates the Anglo-Australian Telescope along with a collection of other telescopes owned by the Australian National...

    Siding Spring
    Siding Spring Observatory
    Siding Spring Observatory near Coonabarabran, New South Wales, Australia, part of the Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics at the Australian National University , incorporates the Anglo-Australian Telescope along with a collection of other telescopes owned by the Australian National...

    , New South Wales
    New South Wales
    New South Wales is a state of :Australia, located in the east of the country. It is bordered by Queensland, Victoria and South Australia to the north, south and west respectively. To the east, the state is bordered by the Tasman Sea, which forms part of the Pacific Ocean. New South Wales...

    , Australia
    Sierra Nevada Observatory
    Sierra Nevada Observatory
    The Observatorio de Sierra Nevada is located at Loma de Dilar in the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in the province of Granada, established in 1981...

    1874 Sierra Nevada, Spain
    Silesian Planetarium and Astronomical Observatory
    Silesian Planetarium
    The Silesian Planetarium also Silesian Planetarium and Astronomical Observatory is the largest and oldest planetarium in Poland. It was founded on 4 December 1955 to commemorate the great astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus...

    1955 Chorzów
    Chorzów
    Chorzów is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. Chorzów is one of the central districts of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union - a metropolis with a population of 2 million...

     / Katowice
    Katowice
    Katowice is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, on the Kłodnica and Rawa rivers . Katowice is located in the Silesian Highlands, about north of the Silesian Beskids and about southeast of the Sudetes Mountains.It is the central district of the Upper Silesian Metropolis, with a population of 2...

    , Silesia
    Silesia
    Silesia is a historical region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with smaller parts also in the Czech Republic, and Germany.Silesia is rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas. Silesia's largest city and historical capital is Wrocław...

    , Poland
    Poland
    Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...

    Simeiz Observatory
    Simeiz Observatory
    Simeiz Observatory was an astronomy research observatory until the mid 1950s. It is located on Mount Koshka, Crimea, Ukraine by the town of Simeiz....

    Simeiz
    Simeiz
    -Gallery:Image:House in Simeiz.JPGImage:Simeiz_boardwalk.jpgImage:Cypress Alley in Simeiz.JPGImage:Simeiz Hedgehogs.JPGImage:Simeiz VLBI Station .jpgImage:View on Pioner in Simeiz from seaside.JPGImage:Villa Mechta.JPGImage:Simeiz 1.jpg...

    , Crimea
    Crimea
    Crimea , or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , is a sub-national unit, an autonomous republic, of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name...

    , Ukraine
    Ukraine
    Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...

    Sisk Observatory Mulberry, Kansas
    Mulberry, Kansas
    Mulberry is a city in Crawford County, Kansas, United States. The population was 520 at the 2010 census.-Geography:Mulberry is located at .According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land....

    , USA
    Skalnaté Pleso Observatory
    Skalnaté Pleso Observatory
    Observatórium Skalnaté pleso is an astronomical observatory in Slovakia. There is also a meteorological observatory. It is near Tatranská Lomnica and has IAU observatory code 056. The name means "Rocky Lake" .The observatory produced the popular sky atlas Skalnate Pleso Atlas of the Heavens by A...

    1953 Vysoké Tatry
    Vysoké Tatry (town)
    Vysoké Tatry , informally Mesto Vysoké Tatry , is a town at the feet of the Slovak part of High Tatras in Slovakia including all the major resorts in that region...

    , Slovakia
    Slovakia
    The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...

    Skylab
    Skylab
    Skylab was a space station launched and operated by NASA, the space agency of the United States. Skylab orbited the Earth from 1973 to 1979, and included a workshop, a solar observatory, and other systems. It was launched unmanned by a modified Saturn V rocket, with a mass of...

    1973 low Earth orbit; re-entered in 1979
    Smith Observatory
    Smith Observatory
    for Smith Observatory at Geneva, New York, see Smith Observatory and Dr. William R. Brooks HouseSmith Observatory is an observatory at Beloit College in Beloit, Wisconsin. Completed in 1882, the observatory was a memorial to John F. Smith, and served the campus from 1882 until the 1950s. In 1967 it...

    1880s Beloit, Wisconsin
    Beloit, Wisconsin
    Beloit is a city in Rock County, Wisconsin, United States. As of the 2010 census, Beloit had a population of 36,966. The greater Beloit area is home to more than 91,000 residents.-Claim to fame:...

    , USA
    Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
    Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
    The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory is a research institute of the Smithsonian Institution headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where it is joined with the Harvard College Observatory to form the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics .-History:The SAO was founded in 1890 by...

    1890 Cambridge, Massachusetts
    Cambridge, Massachusetts
    Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, in the Greater Boston area. It was named in honor of the University of Cambridge in England, an important center of the Puritan theology embraced by the town's founders. Cambridge is home to two of the world's most prominent...

    , USA
    Sola Fide Observatory
    Sola Fide Observatory
    Sola Fide Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by volunteers from JC Hormel Nature Center. It is located a few miles south of Austin, Minnesota.-References:# *http://www.ci.austin.mn.us/Parkandrec/solif.html...

    Austin, Minnesota
    Austin, Minnesota
    As of the census of 2000, there were 23,314 people, 9,897 households, and 6,076 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,168.2 people per square mile . There were 10,261 housing units at an average density of 954.3 per square mile...

    , USA
    Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)
    Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
    The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory is a spacecraft built by a European industrial consortium led by Matra Marconi Space that was launched on a Lockheed Martin Atlas IIAS launch vehicle on December 2, 1995 to study the Sun, and has discovered over 2100 comets. It began normal operations in May...

    1996 Earth-Sun L1 point
    Solar Space Telescope 2009 709 km SSO
    Sun-synchronous orbit
    A Sun-synchronous orbit is a geocentric orbit which combines altitude and inclination in such a way that an object on that orbit ascends or descends over any given point of the Earth's surface at the same local mean solar time. The surface illumination angle will be nearly the same every time...

    ; life: 3 years
    Sommers-Bausch Observatory
    Sommers-Bausch Observatory
    Sommers-Bausch Observatory is an astronomical observatory located on and owned by University of Colorado at Boulder. It was built in 1949 and named after Elmer E. Sommers.Location:*Latitude +40 deg 00' 13.4"*Longitude -105 deg 15' 45.0"...

    1949 Boulder, Colorado
    Boulder, Colorado
    Boulder is the county seat and most populous city of Boulder County and the 11th most populous city in the U.S. state of Colorado. Boulder is located at the base of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains at an elevation of...

    , USA
    Sonnenborgh Observatory
    Sonnenborgh Observatory
    Sonnenborgh - museum & observatory in Utrecht is a public astronomical observatory and museum open to the public. It is located in Utrecht, Netherlands. The university observatory was founded in 1853 and from 1854 until 1897 it was the first home of the Royal Dutch Meteorological...

    1853 Utrecht
    Utrecht (city)
    Utrecht city and municipality is the capital and most populous city of the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is located in the eastern corner of the Randstad conurbation, and is the fourth largest city of the Netherlands with a population of 312,634 on 1 Jan 2011.Utrecht's ancient city centre features...

    , Netherlands
    Sonoma State Observatory
    Sonoma State Observatory
    Sonoma State Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Sonoma State University. It is located in Rohnert Park, California.-References:#...

    1976 Rohnert Park, California
    Rohnert Park, California
    Rohnert Park is a city in Sonoma County, California, United States, located approximately north of San Francisco. The population at the 2010 United States Census was 40,971. It is an early planned city, modeled directly after Levittown, New York and Levittown, Pennsylvania. Rohnert Park is the...

    , USA
    South African Astronomical Observatory
    South African Astronomical Observatory
    South African Astronomical Observatory is the national center for optical and infrared astronomy in South Africa. It was established in 1972. The observatory is run by the National Research Foundation of South Africa. The facility's function is to conduct research in astronomy and astrophysics...

    • Cape Town
    • Sutherland
  • 1820
  • 1972
  • Observatory, Cape Town
    Observatory, Cape Town
    Observatory is a suburb in Cape Town, South Africa, bordered by Mowbray to the south, and Salt River to the north. The area is best known as student neighborhood, most of whom attend the University of Cape Town located close by, and for being the home of the South African Astronomical Observatory...

    , South Africa
    South Africa
    The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...

  • Sutherland, Northern Cape
    Sutherland, Northern Cape
    - External links :* * *...

    , South Africa
    South Africa
    The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...

  • Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope (SOAR) 2004 Cerro Pachón
    Cerro Pachón
    Cerro Pachón is a mountain located close to Chilean city of Vicuña and 10 km southeast of the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, at an altitude of 2,715 m over the sea level in the foothills of the Andes. The location is exceedingly dry, making it suitable for infrared observations....

    , Chile
    Chile
    Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...

    South Pole Telescope
    South Pole Telescope
    The South Pole Telescope is a 10 metre diameter telescope located at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica. It is a microwave/millimetre-wave telescope that observes in a frequency range between 70 and 300 GHz...

    2007 Antarctica
    Space Hard X-Ray Modulation Telescope 2010 550 km LEO
    Low Earth orbit
    A low Earth orbit is generally defined as an orbit within the locus extending from the Earth’s surface up to an altitude of 2,000 km...

    Spanish National Observatory
    Spanish National Observatory
    The Spanish National Observatory is an astronomical observatory with several facilities in the Madrid area.The historic building in the Parque del Buen Retiro was built in 1790 as the Royal Observatory...

    1790 (Spain)
    Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences
    Zelenchukskaya
    The Special Astrophysical Observatory , or SAO RAS for short, is an astronomical observatory, set up in 1966 in the USSR, now operated by the Russian Academy of Sciences. Based in the Bolshoi Zelenchuk Valley of the Greater Caucasus near the village of Nizhny Arkhyz, the observatory houses the...

    Caucasus Mountains
    Caucasus Mountains
    The Caucasus Mountains is a mountain system in Eurasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea in the Caucasus region .The Caucasus Mountains includes:* the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range and* the Lesser Caucasus Mountains....

    , Russia
    Sperry Observatory 1967 Cranford, New Jersey
    Cranford, New Jersey
    Cranford is a township in Union County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2010 Census, the township population was 22,625.Cranford was incorporated as a township by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 14, 1871, from portions of the Townships of Clark, Linden,...

    , USA
    Spitzer Space Telescope
    Spitzer Space Telescope
    The Spitzer Space Telescope , formerly the Space Infrared Telescope Facility is an infrared space observatory launched in 2003...

    2003 Heliocentric orbit
    Heliocentric orbit
    A heliocentric orbit is an orbit around the Sun. All planets, comets, and asteroids in our Solar System are in such orbits, as are many artificial probes and pieces of debris. The moons of planets in the Solar System, by contrast, are not in heliocentric orbits as they orbit their respective planet...

    Springwater Observatory 2005 Estacada, Oregon
    Estacada, Oregon
    Estacada is a city in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States, about 30 miles southeast of Portland. The population was 2,695 at the 2010 census. -History:The Estacada post office opened in February 1904 and the city was incorporated in May 1905...

    , USA
    Sproul Observatory
    Sproul Observatory
    Sproul Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Swarthmore College. It is located in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, United States, and is named after William Cameron Sproul, the 27th Governor of Pennsylvania, who graduated from Swarthmore in 1891.-Tours:An open house is offered...

    Swarthmore, Pennsylvania
    Swarthmore, Pennsylvania
    Swarthmore is a borough in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. Swarthmore was originally named Westdale in honor of noted painter Benjamin West, who was one of the early residents of the town. The name was changed to Swarthmore after the establishment of Swarthmore College...

    , USA
    Stardome Observatory
    Stardome Observatory
    Stardome Observatory is a public astronomical observatory situated in Cornwall Park in New Zealand's largest city, Auckland....

    1967 Auckland
    Auckland
    The Auckland metropolitan area , in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous urban area in the country with residents, percent of the country's population. Auckland also has the largest Polynesian population of any city in the world...

    , North Island
    North Island
    The North Island is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the much less populous South Island by Cook Strait. The island is in area, making it the world's 14th-largest island...

    , New Zealand
    Starkenburg Observatory
    Starkenburg Observatory
    Starkenburg-Sternwarte is an astronomical observatory in Heppenheim, Germany. It was formed in 1970, and currently has about 150 members.The instruments at the observatory consists of:* 0.45m newtonian* 0.30m Meade LX200...

    1970 Heppenheim
    Heppenheim
    Heppenheim is the seat of Bergstraße district in Hesse, Germany, lying on the Bergstraße on the edge of the Odenwald.- Location :...

    , Germany
    Štefánik's Observatory 1928 Prague
    Prague
    Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...

    , Czech Republic
    Steward Observatory
    Steward Observatory
    The University of Arizona's Steward Observatorys main office is located on the University's campus and is closely tied to the Department of Astronomy. Established in 1916 by its first director, Andrew Ellicott Douglass, and a $60,000 bequest made by Lavinia Steward in memory of her late husband...

  • MMT Observatory
    MMT Observatory
    The MMT Observatory is an astronomical observatory on the site of Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory . The Whipple observatory complex is located on Mount Hopkins, Arizona, USA in the Santa Rita Mountains...

  • Mount Graham International Observatory
    Mount Graham International Observatory
    Mount Graham International Observatory is a division of Steward Observatory the research arm for the Department of Astronomy at The University of Arizona. It is located in southeast Arizona's Pinaleno Mountains near Mount Graham....

  • Mount Lemmon Observatory
    Mount Lemmon Observatory
    Mount Lemmon Infrared Observatory is an astronomical observatory located approximately 45 miles north of the University of Arizona in the Coronado National Forest in the Santa Catalina Mountains....

  • 1916 Tucson, Arizona
    Tucson, Arizona
    Tucson is a city in and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States. The city is located 118 miles southeast of Phoenix and 60 miles north of the U.S.-Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 1,020,200...

    , USA
    Stjerneborg
    Stjerneborg
    Stjerneborg was Tycho Brahe's underground observatory next to his palace-observatory Uraniborg, located on the island of Hven in Oresund....

    1581 Hven
    Hven
    Ven is a small Swedish island in the Öresund strait, between Scania and Zealand . It is situated in Landskrona Municipality, Skåne County. The island has 371 inhabitants and an area of . During the 1930s, the population was at its peak, with approximately 1,300 inhabitants...

    , Sweden
    Stockholm Observatory
    Stockholm Observatory
    The Stockholm Observatory is an astronomical institution in Stockholm, Sweden, founded in the 18th century and today part of Stockholm University...

    1749 Stockholm
    Stockholm
    Stockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area...

    , Sweden
    Stokesville Observatory
    Stokesville Observatory
    Stokesville Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned by H. D. Riddleberger of Harrisonburg, VA. It is located in Stokesville Campground in Stokesville near Mount Solon, Virginia...

    Virginia
    Virginia
    The Commonwealth of Virginia , is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" after the eight U.S. presidents born there...

    , USA
    Stonyhurst Observatory
    Stonyhurst Observatory
    The Stonyhurst Observatory is a functioning observatory and weather station at Stonyhurst College in Lancashire, England. Built in 1866, it replaced a nearby earlier building, built in 1838, which is now used as the Typographia Collegii....

    1838 Lancashire
    Lancashire
    Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston...

    , England
    Strasbourg Observatory
    Observatory of Strasbourg
    The Observatory of Strasbourg is an astronomical observatory in Strasbourg, France.Following the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, the city of Strasbourg became part of the German Empire. The University of Strasbourg was refounded in 1872 and a new observatory began construction in 1875...

    1881 Strasbourg
    Strasbourg
    Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...

    , France
    Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy
    Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy
    The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy is a joint project of NASA and the German Aerospace Center to construct and maintain an airborne observatory. NASA awarded the contract for the development of the aircraft, operation of the observatory and management of the American part of the...

    2006 Boeing 747SP
    Boeing 747SP
    The Boeing 747SP is a modified version of the Boeing 747 jet airliner which was designed for ultra-long-range flights. The SP stands for "Special Performance". Compared with its predecessor, the 747-100, the 747SP retains its wide-body, four-engine layout, along with its double-deck design, but...

     airliner
    Airliner
    An airliner is a large fixed-wing aircraft for transporting passengers and cargo. Such aircraft are operated by airlines. Although the definition of an airliner can vary from country to country, an airliner is typically defined as an aircraft intended for carrying multiple passengers in commercial...

    Stull Observatory
    Stull Observatory
    Stull Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Alfred University. Named after Dr. John Stull, who helped establish the observatory in 1966, it is located in Alfred, New York . It is notable for housing 7 independently housed telescopes ranging in size from 8 to 32 inches...

    1966 Alfred, New York
    Alfred (town), New York
    Alfred is a town in Allegany County, New York, United States. The population was 5,140 at the 2000 census.The Town of Alfred has a village named Alfred in the center of the town....

    , USA
    Stuttgart Observatory
    Stuttgart Observatory
    Sternwarte Stuttgart is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the association Schwäbische Sternwarte e.V.. It is located on the Uhlandshöhe in Stuttgart, Germany. Public tours have been held since 1920 and the observatory claims to be one of the oldest in Germany.- External links :*...

    1920 Stuttgart
    Stuttgart
    Stuttgart is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The sixth-largest city in Germany, Stuttgart has a population of 600,038 while the metropolitan area has a population of 5.3 million ....

    , Germany
    Submillimeter Array
    Submillimeter Array
    The Submillimeter Array consists of eight diameter radio telescopes arranged as an interferometer for submillimeter wavelength observations. It is the first purpose-built submillimeter interferometer, constructed after successful interferometry experiments using the pre-existing James Clerk...

    Mauna Kea
    Mauna Kea
    Mauna Kea is a volcano on the island of Hawaii. Standing above sea level, its peak is the highest point in the state of Hawaii. However, much of the mountain is under water; when measured from its oceanic base, Mauna Kea is over tall—significantly taller than Mount Everest...

    , Hawaii
    Hawaii
    Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...

    , USA
    Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
    Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
    The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is a neutrino observatory located 6,800 feet underground in Vale Inco's Creighton Mine in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. The detector was designed to detect solar neutrinos through their interactions with a large tank of heavy water. The detector turned on in May 1999,...

    1999 Sudbury, Ontario
    Ontario
    Ontario is a province of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province and second largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa....

    , Canada
    Sunriver Observatory
    Sunriver Observatory
    Sunriver Observatory is an astronomical observatory operated by the not-for-profit Sunriver Nature Center & Observatory in Sunriver, Oregon, United States, near Sunriver Resort. The observatory has 11 telescopes....

    Sunriver, Oregon
    Sunriver, Oregon
    Sunriver, Oregon is a private planned resort community in Deschutes County, Oregon, United States. It is part of the Bend, Oregon Metropolitan Statistical Area...

     , USA
    Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission
    Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission
    The Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission consists of a robotic spacecraft called Swift, which was launched into orbit on 20 November 2004, 17:16:00 UTC on a Delta II 7320-10C expendable launch vehicle. Swift is managed by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, and was developed by an international...

    2004 Low Earth orbit
    Low Earth orbit
    A low Earth orbit is generally defined as an orbit within the locus extending from the Earth’s surface up to an altitude of 2,000 km...

    Sydney Observatory
    Sydney Observatory
    Sydney Observatory is located on a hill now known as 'Observatory Hill' in an area in the centre of Sydney. The site evolved from a fort built on 'Windmill Hill' in the early 19th century to an astronomical observatory during the nineteenth century...

    1858 Sydney, Australia

    T

    Name Established Location
    Table Mountain Observatory
    Table Mountain Observatory
    Table Mountain Observatory is an astronomical observation facility operated by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory...

    Angeles National Forest
    Angeles National Forest
    The Angeles National Forest of the U.S. National Forest Service is located in the San Gabriel Mountains of Los Angeles County, southern California. It was established on July 1, 1908, incorporating the first San Bernardino National Forest and parts of the former Santa Barbara and San Gabriel...

    , Wrightwood
    Wrightwood, California
    Wrightwood is a census-designated place in San Bernardino County, California. It sits at an elevation of . The population was 4,525 at the 2010 census.-History:...

    , California
    California
    California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...

    , USA
    Tacubaya Observatory 1882 Tacubaya
    Tacubaya
    Tacubaya is a section of Mexico City located in the west in the Miguel Hidalgo borough. The area has been inhabited since before the Christian era, with its name coming from Nahuatl meaning “where water is gathered.” From the colonial period to the beginning of the 20th century, Tacubaya was...

    , Mexico City
    Mexico City
    Mexico City is the Federal District , capital of Mexico and seat of the federal powers of the Mexican Union. It is a federal entity within Mexico which is not part of any one of the 31 Mexican states but belongs to the federation as a whole...

    , Mexico
    Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory
    Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory
    The Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory, or TRAO is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institutue...

    1986 Taejon, South Korea
    South Korea
    The Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...

    Tamke-Allen Observatory 1998 Roane County, Tennessee
    Tennessee
    Tennessee is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States. It has a population of 6,346,105, making it the nation's 17th-largest state by population, and covers , making it the 36th-largest by total land area...

    , USA
    Tartu Observatory
    Tartu Observatory
    The Tartu Observatory is the largest astronomical observatory in Estonia. It is located on the Tõravere hill, about 20 km south-west of Tartu in Nõo Parish, Tartu County...

    1964 Tartumaa, Estonia
    Estonia
    Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...

    Teide Observatory
    Teide Observatory
    The Observatorio del Teide is an astronomical observatory on Tenerife operated by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias. Opened in 1964, it became one of the first major international observatories, attracting telescopes from different countries around the world because of the good astronomical...

    1964 Tenerife
    Tenerife
    Tenerife is the largest and most populous island of the seven Canary Islands, it is also the most populated island of Spain, with a land area of 2,034.38 km² and 906,854 inhabitants, 43% of the total population of the Canary Islands. About five million tourists visit Tenerife each year, the...

    , Canary Islands
    Canary Islands
    The Canary Islands , also known as the Canaries , is a Spanish archipelago located just off the northwest coast of mainland Africa, 100 km west of the border between Morocco and the Western Sahara. The Canaries are a Spanish autonomous community and an outermost region of the European Union...

    , Spain
    Ten Acre Observatory
    Ten Acre Observatory
    Ten Acre Observatory is a public astronomical observatory owned and operated by Nick Lazzaro and used as its primary viewing site by the Odyssey Astronomy Club. It is located near Tribbey, Oklahoma ....

    Tribbey, Oklahoma, USA
    The Heights Observatory
    The Heights Observatory
    The Heights School Observatory is an Astronomical Observatory at The Heights School in Modbury Heights, Adelaide, South Australia. It is one of the Astronomical Society of South Australia 's two main observatories, the other being the Stockport Observatory. There is a student group who manage and...

    1989 The Heights School, South Australia
    South Australia
    South Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country. It covers some of the most arid parts of the continent; with a total land area of , it is the fourth largest of Australia's six states and two territories.South Australia shares borders with all of the mainland...

    , Australia
    Texas A&M Astronomical Observatory
    Texas A&M Astronomical Observatory
    Texas A&M Astronomical Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Texas A&M University's Department of Physics. It is located in College Station, Texas .*Latitude: N 30° 34' 21.78"*Longitude: W 96° 21' 59.94"...

    College Station, Texas
    College Station, Texas
    College Station is a city in Brazos County, Texas, situated in East Central Texas in the heart of the Brazos Valley. The city is located within the most populated region of Texas, near three of the 10 largest cities in the United States - Houston, Dallas, and San Antonio...

    , USA
    Theodore Jacobsen Observatory
    Theodore Jacobsen Observatory
    The Theodor Jacobsen Observatory is the on-campus observatory of the University of Washington. Built in 1895, it is the second oldest building on campus and was constructed using the remaining Tenino sandstone blocks from Denny Hall, the oldest and first building on campus...

    1895 Seattle, Washington, USA
    Thompson Observatory
    Thompson Observatory
    The Thompson Observatory is an astronomical observatory at Beloit College in Beloit, Wisconsin. The observatory was built in 1968 to replace the Smith Observatory, which had been built in the 1880s. The new observatory was named in honor of Alfred S. Thompson of the Beloit College Class of 1892...

    1968 Beloit, Wisconsin
    Beloit, Wisconsin
    Beloit is a city in Rock County, Wisconsin, United States. As of the 2010 census, Beloit had a population of 36,966. The greater Beloit area is home to more than 91,000 residents.-Claim to fame:...

    , USA
    Tien Shan Mountain Cosmic-Ray Station Almaty
    Almaty
    Almaty , also known by its former names Verny and Alma-Ata , is the former capital of Kazakhstan and the nation's largest city, with a population of 1,348,500...

    , Kazakhstan
    Kazakhstan
    Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...

    Tuorla Observatory
    Tuorla Observatory
    Tuorla Observatory is the Department of Astronomy at the University of Turku, southwest Finland. Currently it is the largest astronomical research institute in Finland...

    1952 Piikkiö
    Piikkiö
    Piikkiö , is a former municipality of Finland. Piikkiö was consolidated with Kaarina on January 1, 2009.It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Finland Proper region. The municipality had a population of 6,836 and covered an area of 90.35 km² of which...

    , Finland
    Trieste Observatory Trieste
    Trieste
    Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...

    , Italy
    Turin Observatory 1759 Pino Torinese
    Pino Torinese
    Pino Torinese is a comune in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 6 km southeast of Turin...

    , Italy

    U

    Name Established Location
    Udaipur Solar Observatory
    Udaipur Solar Observatory
    The Udaipur Solar Observatory is in Udaipur, Rajasthan in India on an island in the Fateh Sagar Lake. The sky conditions at Udaipur are quite favourable for solar observations. Since the observatory is situated amidst a large mass of water, air turbulence which occurs due to ground heating by...

    Udaipur, Rajasthan
    Udaipur, Rajasthan
    Udaipur , also known as the City of Lakes, is a city, a Municipal Council and the administrative headquarters of the Udaipur district in the state of Rajasthan in western India. It is located southwest of the state capital, Jaipur, west of Kota, and northeast from Ahmedabad...

    , India
    Ulugh Beg Observatory
    Ulugh Beg Observatory
    The Ulugh Beg Observatory is an observatory in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Built in the 1420s by the Timurid astronomer Ulugh Beg, it is considered by scholars to have been one of the finest observatories in the Islamic world at the time and the largest in Central Asia before it was destroyed in 1449...

    1420s Samarkand
    Samarkand
    Although a Persian-speaking region, it was not united politically with Iran most of the times between the disintegration of the Seleucid Empire and the Arab conquest . In the 6th century it was within the domain of the Turkic kingdom of the Göktürks.At the start of the 8th century Samarkand came...

    , Uzbekistan
    University of Alabama Observatory
    University of Alabama Observatory
    The Old University of Alabama Observatory, now known as Frederick R. Maxwell Hall, was an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Although no longer used as an observatory, the building has been restored and preserved...

    1950 Tuscaloosa, Alabama
    Tuscaloosa, Alabama
    Tuscaloosa is a city in and the seat of Tuscaloosa County in west central Alabama . Located on the Black Warrior River, it is the fifth-largest city in Alabama, with a population of 90,468 in 2010...

    , USA
    University of Alabama Observatory (Old) 1849-1890s Tuscaloosa, Alabama
    Tuscaloosa, Alabama
    Tuscaloosa is a city in and the seat of Tuscaloosa County in west central Alabama . Located on the Black Warrior River, it is the fifth-largest city in Alabama, with a population of 90,468 in 2010...

    , USA
    University of North Alabama Observatory
    UNA Observatory
    UNA Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the University of North Alabama. It is located in Florence, Alabama . It has 2 telescopes, a 14.5" Newtonian Telescope and a 8" Schmidt-Cassegrain.-References:#...

    Florence, Alabama
    Florence, Alabama
    Florence is the county seat of Lauderdale County, Alabama, United States, in the northwestern corner of the state.According to the 2005 Census Bureau estimates, the city's population was 36,721....

    , USA
    University of Illinois Astronomical Observatory
    University of Illinois Observatory
    The University of Illinois Astronomical Observatory was constructed in 1896. It stands on South Matthews Avenue in Urbana, Champaign County, Illinois. The observatory was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 6, 1986 and on December 20, 1989, the U.S. Department of Interior...

    1896 Urbana, Illinois
    Urbana, Illinois
    Urbana is the county seat of Champaign County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 41,250. Urbana is the tenth-most populous city in Illinois outside of the Chicago metropolitan area....

    , USA
    University of London Observatory
    University of London Observatory
    The University of London Observatory at Mill Hill in London is an astronomical teaching observatory, part of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at University College London....

    1929 London, England
    University of Maryland Observatory
    University of Maryland Observatory
    University of Maryland Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the University of Maryland, College Park. It is located in College Park, Maryland, USA. The Observatory hosts free open houses for the public twice a month, where visitors receive a lecture and access to three...

    College Park, Maryland
    College Park, Maryland
    College Park is a city in Prince George's County, Maryland, USA. The population was 30,413 at the 2010 census. It is best known as the home of the University of Maryland, College Park, and since 1994 the city has also been home to the "Archives II" facility of the U.S...

    , USA
    University of New Hampshire Observatory
    University of New Hampshire Observatory
    University of New Hampshire Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by University of New Hampshire. It is located in Durham, New Hampshire near the old Durham Reservoir...

    1985 Durham, New Hampshire
    Durham, New Hampshire
    As of the census of 2000, there were 12,664 people, 2,882 households, and 1,582 families residing in the town. The population density was 565.5 people per square mile . There were 2,923 housing units at an average density of 130.5 per square mile...

    , USA
    University of Oklahoma Observatory
    University of Oklahoma Observatory
    University of Oklahoma Observatory is an astronomical observatory. It is located in Norman, Oklahoma, on the campus of the University of Oklahoma.The original 10 inch Newtonian reflector was replaced by a 0.4 meter Meade SCT in 1995....

    Norman, Oklahoma
    Norman, Oklahoma
    Norman is a city in Cleveland County, Oklahoma, United States, and is located south of downtown Oklahoma City. It is part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. As of the 2010 census, Norman was to have 110,925 full-time residents, making it the third-largest city in Oklahoma and the...

    , USA
    Uppsala Astronomical Observatory
    Uppsala Astronomical Observatory
    The Uppsala Astronomical Observatory is the oldest astronomical observatory in Sweden. It was founded in 1741, though there was a professorial chair of astronomy at the University of Uppsala from 1593 and the university archives include lecture notes in astronomy from the 1480s.In the 18th...

    1741 Uppsala
    Uppsala
    - Economy :Today Uppsala is well established in medical research and recognized for its leading position in biotechnology.*Abbott Medical Optics *GE Healthcare*Pfizer *Phadia, an offshoot of Pharmacia*Fresenius*Q-Med...

    , Sweden
    Urania (Antwerp) Hove, Belgium
    Hove, Belgium
    Hove is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp. The municipality only comprises the town of Hove proper. On January 1, 2006 Hove had a total population of 8,307. The total area is 5.99 km² which gives a population density of 1,388 inhabitants per km².A so called gemeente, it lies...

    Urania (Berlin)
    Urania (Berlin)
    Urania is a scientific society founded in Berlin in 1888. Its aim is to communicate the most recent scientific findings to the broad public. With its 2000 members, Urania organizes more than 1000 events per year which attract about 130 000 visitors...

    Berlin, Germany
    Urania (Vienna)
    Urania (Vienna)
    The Palace Urania is a public educational institute and observatory in Vienna.It was built according to the plans of Art Nouveau style architect Max Fabiani at the outlet of the Wien River and was opened in 1910 by Franz Joseph I of Austria as an educational facility with a public observatory...

    1909 Vienna
    Vienna
    Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...

    , Austria
    Urania Observatory (Zürich) 1907 Zürich
    Zürich
    Zurich is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich. It is located in central Switzerland at the northwestern tip of Lake Zurich...

    , Switzerland
    Uraniborg
    Uraniborg
    Uranienborg was a Danish astronomical observatory operated by Tycho Brahe; built circa 1576-1580 on Hven, an island in the Øresund between Zealand and Scania, which at that time was part of Denmark. The observatory was shortly after its construction expanded with an underground facility,...

    1572 Hven
    Hven
    Ven is a small Swedish island in the Öresund strait, between Scania and Zealand . It is situated in Landskrona Municipality, Skåne County. The island has 371 inhabitants and an area of . During the 1930s, the population was at its peak, with approximately 1,300 inhabitants...

    , Sweden
    Urumqi Astronomical Observatory 1957 Urumqi
    Ürümqi
    Ürümqi , formerly Tihwa , is the capital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China, in the northwest of the country....

    , Xinjiang
    Xinjiang
    Xinjiang is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over 1.6 million km2...

    , China
    U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO)
    United States Naval Observatory
    The United States Naval Observatory is one of the oldest scientific agencies in the United States, with a primary mission to produce Positioning, Navigation, and Timing for the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Department of Defense...

    • Depot of Charts and Instruments (U.S. Navy) (precursor, renamed to USNO)
    • U.S. Naval Observatory (Flagstaff Station)
      United States Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station
      The United States Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station , is a scientific astronomical observatory operated as a Navy Echelon V command and the national dark-sky observing Facility/observatory subordinate to the United States Naval Observatory . USNO and NOFS are commands within the CNMOC claimancy,...

    1844
  • 1830-1844
  • 1955
  • Washington, D.C.
    Washington, D.C.
    Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....

    , USA
  • Washington, D.C.
    Washington, D.C.
    Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....

    , USA
  • Flagstaff, Arizona
    Flagstaff, Arizona
    Flagstaff is a city located in northern Arizona, in the southwestern United States. In 2010, the city's population was 65,870. The population of the Metropolitan Statistical Area was at 134,421 in 2010. It is the county seat of Coconino County...

    , USA

  • V

    Name Established Location
    Valongo Observatory
    Valongo Observatory
    The Valongo Observatory is the astronomical observatory of the UFRJ. It is located on the top of the Conceição Hill, an old settlement in the downtown of Rio de Janeiro dating from the first centuries of the colonization of the city. The observatory hosts the Astronomy Undergraduation Course and...

    1924 Rio de Janeiro
    Rio de Janeiro
    Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...

    , Brazil
    Vainu Bappu Observatory
    Vainu Bappu Observatory
    The Vainu Bappu Observatory, or VBO for short, is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Indian Institute of Astrophysics. It is located in the Javadi Hills Kavalur, near vaniyambadi of vellore district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, 175 km south-east of...

    1968 Kavalur
    Kavalur
    Kavalur is a village in the Papanasam taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India.- Demographics :As per the 2001 census, Kavalur had a total population of 1010 with 496 males and 514 females. The sex ratio was 1036. The literacy rate was 48.45....

    , Tamil Nadu
    Tamil Nadu
    Tamil Nadu is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh...

    , India
    Astronomical observatory of Aosta Valley 2003 Nus
    Nus
    Nus is a town and comune in the Aosta Valley region of northern Italy....

     (Aosta Valley, Italy
    Italy
    Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...

    Van Vleck Observatory
    Van Vleck Observatory
    Van Vleck Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Wesleyan University. It was built in 1914 and named after the former head of the Department of Mathematics and Astronomy at the university, Prof. John M. Van Vleck. It is located in Middletown, Connecticut .-Directors:*...

    1914 Middletown, Connecticut
    Middletown, Connecticut
    Middletown is a city located in Middlesex County, Connecticut, along the Connecticut River, in the central part of the state, 16 miles south of Hartford. In 1650, it was incorporated as a town under its original Indian name, Mattabeseck. It received its present name in 1653. In 1784, the central...

    , USA
    Vanderbilt University Observatory
    Vanderbilt University Observatory
    Vanderbilt University Observatory was an astronomical observatory at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. The instruments were used for teaching purposes only....

    Nashville, Tennessee
    Nashville, Tennessee
    Nashville is the capital of the U.S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Davidson County. It is located on the Cumberland River in Davidson County, in the north-central part of the state. The city is a center for the health care, publishing, banking and transportation industries, and is home...

    , USA
    Vartiovuori Observatory
    Vartiovuori Observatory
    Vartiovuori observatory is the former observatory of the Royal Academy of Turku. Building was completed 1819 and it is designed by German architect Carl Ludvig Engel. By its style, the neoclassical observatory is typical work of Engel and it has obvious similarity to Helsinki University Observatory...

     (defunct)
    1819–1834 Turku
    Turku
    Turku is a city situated on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River. It is located in the region of Finland Proper. It is believed that Turku came into existence during the end of the 13th century which makes it the oldest city in Finland...

    , Finland
    Vassar College Observatory
    Vassar College Observatory
    The Vassar College Observatory is located near the eastern edge of the Poughkeepsie, New York college's campus. Finished in 1865, it was the first building on the college's campus, older even than the Main Building, with which it shares the status of National Historic Landmark...

    1865 Poughkeepsie, New York
    Poughkeepsie (town), New York
    Poughkeepsie is a town in Dutchess County, New York, United States. The population was 42,777 at the 2000 census. The name is derived from the native term, "Uppu-qui-ipis-in," which means "reed-covered hut by the water."...

    , USA
    Vatican Observatory
    Vatican Observatory
    The Vatican Observatory is an astronomical research and educational institution supported by the Holy See. Originally based in Rome, it now has headquarters and laboratory at the summer residence of the Pope in Castel Gandolfo, Italy, and an observatory at the Mount Graham International...

    • Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope
      Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope
      The Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope, aka the VATT, is a 1.8 meter Gregorian telescope observing in the optical and infrared. It is part of the Mount Graham International Observatory. It is situated on Mount Graham in southeast Arizona, and it achieved 'first light', the first starlight to...

    1891
  • 1993
  • Headquarters: Castel Gandolfo
    Castel Gandolfo
    Castel Gandolfo is a small Italian town or comune in Lazio that occupies a height overlooking Lake Albano about 15 miles south-east of Rome, on the Alban Hills. It is best known as the summer residence of the Pope. It is an Italian town with the population of 8834...

    , Italy
  • Mount Graham
    Mount Graham
    Mount Graham is a mountain in southeastern Arizona in the United States, in the Coronado National Forest. It is the highest mountain in the Pinaleño Mountains. As the name "Mount Graham" is often used by locals to refer to the entire mountain range, the peak itself is frequently referred to as...

    , Arizona, USA
  • Veen Observatory
    Veen Observatory
    The James C. Veen Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the Grand Rapids Amateur Astronomical Association. Built during the 1960s and opened in 1970, it is located south of Lowell, Michigan, USA. Its two domes house the main instruments, and a roll-off structure houses...

    1970 Lowell
    Lowell, Michigan
    Lowell is a city in Kent County of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 4,013. The city is in the northern portion of Lowell Township, but is politically independent...

    , Michigan
    Michigan
    Michigan is a U.S. state located in the Great Lakes Region of the United States of America. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word mishigamaa, meaning "large water" or "large lake"....

    , USA
    Vega-Bray Observatory
    Vega-Bray Observatory
    Vega-Bray Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Astronomers Inn located on a small hill overlooking the San Pedro River Valley, just east of Benson, Arizona . Founded in 1990 by Max Bray, an optician and Dr...

    1990 Benson, Arizona
    Benson, Arizona
    -Transportation:Benson Airport is located 3 miles north west of the city.Benson is served by Interstate 10 to the north, which travels directly to downtown Tucson....

    , USA
    Vernonia Peak Observatory
    Vernonia Peak Observatory
    Vernonia Peak Observatory or VPO is a private research facility astronomical observatory owned and operated by Northwest Astronomy Group.It is located near Vernonia between Portland and Astoria, Oregon, US....

    Vernonia, Oregon
    Vernonia, Oregon
    Vernonia is a city in Columbia County, Oregon, United States. The city is located on the Nehalem River, in a valley on the eastern side of the Northern Oregon Coast Range. It is located the heart of the most important timber-producing areas of the state, and logging has played an important role in...

    , USA
    Very Large Array
    Very Large Array
    The Very Large Array is a radio astronomy observatory located on the Plains of San Agustin, between the towns of Magdalena and Datil, some fifty miles west of Socorro, New Mexico, USA...

    1980 Socorro, New Mexico
    Socorro, New Mexico
    Socorro is a city in Socorro County in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It stands in the Rio Grande Valley at an elevation of . The population was 9,051 at the 2010 census...

    , USA
    Very Long Baseline Array
    Very Long Baseline Array
    The Very Long Baseline Array is a system of ten radio telescopes controlled remotely from the Array Operations Center in Socorro, New Mexico by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. The array works together as the world's largest dedicated, full-time astronomical instrument using the...

    1993 Various locations
    Vienna Observatory
    Vienna Observatory
    Universitäts-Sternwarte Wien is an astronomical observatory in Vienna, Austria. It is part of the University of Vienna. The first observatory was built in 1753–1754 on the roof of one of the university buildings....

    1753 Vienna
    Vienna
    Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...

    , Austria
    Vilnius University Observatory 1753 Vilnius University
    Vilnius University
    Vilnius University is the oldest university in the Baltic states and one of the oldest in Eastern Europe. It is also the largest university in Lithuania....

    , Lithuania
    Lithuania
    Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...

    Višnjan Observatory
    Višnjan Observatory
    Višnjan Observatory is an astronomical observatory located near the village of Višnjan in Croatia. It is headed by Korado Korlević.The observatory is credited by the Minor Planet Center with 1750 asteroid discoveries....

    1978 Višnjan
    Višnjan
    Višnjan is a village and municipality in Istria, Croatia. Višnjan is the site of Višnjan Observatory . The observatory is home of several long-running international summer programs for youth in astronomy, archeology, marine biology and other disciplines.-Geography:Višnjan is located 12 kilometers...

    , Croatia
    Vsetín Observatory
    Observatory Vsetín
    The Observatory Vsetín was found in 1950 by the local branch of Czechoslovak Astronomical Society.- Scientific equipments :* Main telescope , popularization of astronomy, night observation for public, observation of Sun* Guiding telescope , not in use* View...

    1950 Vsetín
    Vsetín
    Vsetín is a town in Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has around 28,500 inhabitants and lies on the Vsetínská Bečva river.The area around Vsetín, called Vsetínsko, is spread out on the foothills of the Vsetín, Hostýn and Vizovice Highlands around the Bečva River...

    , Czech Republic

    W

    Name Established Location
    Warner Observatory
    Warner Observatory
    The Warner Observatory was completed in Rochester, New York in 1882. It was financed by Hulbert Harrington Warner, patron to the American astronomer Lewis Swift....

    1882 Rochester
    Rochester, New York
    Rochester is a city in Monroe County, New York, south of Lake Ontario in the United States. Known as The World's Image Centre, it was also once known as The Flour City, and more recently as The Flower City...

    , New York
    New York
    New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...

    , USA
    Warner and Swasey Observatory
    Warner and Swasey Observatory
    The Warner and Swasey Observatory is the astronomical observatory of Case Western Reserve University. Named after Worcester R. Warner and Ambrose Swasey, who built it at the beginning of the 20th century, it was initially located on Taylor Road in East Cleveland, Ohio, USA...

    1919 Cleveland
    Cleveland, Ohio
    Cleveland is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state. The city is located in northeastern Ohio on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately west of the Pennsylvania border...

    , Ohio
    Ohio
    Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,it is the 7th‑most populous with over 11.5 million residents, containing several major American cities and seven metropolitan areas with populations of 500,000 or more.The state's capital is Columbus...

    , USA
    Warren Rupp Observatory
    Warren Rupp Observatory
    Warren Rupp Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Richland Astronomical Society. Built in 1985, it is located in Hidden Hollow camp ground near Mansfield, Ohio ....

    1985 Mansfield
    Mansfield, Ohio
    Mansfield is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Richland County. The municipality is located in north-central Ohio in the western foothills of the Allegheny Plateau, approximately southwest of Cleveland and northeast of Columbus....

    , Ohio
    Ohio
    Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,it is the 7th‑most populous with over 11.5 million residents, containing several major American cities and seven metropolitan areas with populations of 500,000 or more.The state's capital is Columbus...

    , USA
    Warsaw University Observatory 1825 Warsaw, Poland
    Washburn Observatory
    Washburn Observatory
    The Washburn Observatory is located at 1401 Observatory Drive on the University of Wisconsin–Madison campus. Completed in 1881, it was a major research facility for about 50 years. Now it is used primarily by the public during open houses and by students in introductory astronomy...

    1881 Madison, Wisconsin
    Madison, Wisconsin
    Madison is the capital of the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the county seat of Dane County. It is also home to the University of Wisconsin–Madison....

    , USA
    Weaver Student Observatory
    Weaver Student Observatory
    The Bette M. and William R. Weaver Student Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Monterey Institute for Research in Astronomy...

    Monterey, California
    Monterey, California
    The City of Monterey in Monterey County is located on Monterey Bay along the Pacific coast in Central California. Monterey lies at an elevation of 26 feet above sea level. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 27,810. Monterey is of historical importance because it was the capital of...

    , USA
    Weitkamp Observatory
    Weitkamp Observatory
    Weitkamp Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Otterbein College. Donated in 1955 by Alfred Henry Weitkamp in memory of Mary Geeding Weitkamp, it is located in Westerville, Ohio .-External links:*...

    1955 Westerville
    Westerville, Ohio
    Westerville, once known as "The Dry Capital of the World", is a city in Franklin and Delaware counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The population was 35,318 at the 2000 census.-Early history:...

    , Ohio
    Ohio
    Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,it is the 7th‑most populous with over 11.5 million residents, containing several major American cities and seven metropolitan areas with populations of 500,000 or more.The state's capital is Columbus...

    , USA
    Whipple Observatory 1968 Mount Hopkins, Arizona
    Mount Hopkins (Arizona)
    Mount Hopkins is a mountain in Santa Cruz County, Arizona part of the Santa Rita Mountains range. Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory is located on it. It is within the Coronado National Forest and was named after Gilbert Hopkins who was killed nearby in 1865 during the Battle of Fort Buchanan....

    , USA
    Whitin Observatory
    Whitin Observatory
    Whitin Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Wellesley College. Built in 1900, with additions in 1906, 1967, and 2010-2011, it is located in Wellesley, Massachusetts and named after Wellesley College trustee Mrs. of Whitinsville, who donated the funds for the...

    1901 Wellesley, Massachusetts
    Wellesley, Massachusetts
    Wellesley is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of Greater Boston. The population was 27,982 at the time of the 2010 census.It is best known as the home of Wellesley College and Babson College...

    , USA
    Widener University Observatory
    Widener University Observatory
    The Widener University Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Widener University. It is located in Kirkbride Hall on Widener's main campus in Chester, Pennsylvania. The observatory is intended for student use and research within the physics and astronomy department...

    2004 Chester, Pennsylvania
    Chester, Pennsylvania
    Chester is a city in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States, with a population of 33,972 at the 2010 census. Chester is situated on the Delaware River, between the cities of Philadelphia and Wilmington, Delaware.- History :...

    , USA
    Wilder Observatory
    Wilder Observatory
    Wilder Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Amherst College. It is located in a building off Snell Street in Amherst, Massachusetts ....

    Amherst, Massachusetts
    Amherst, Massachusetts
    Amherst is a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States in the Connecticut River valley. As of the 2010 census, the population was 37,819, making it the largest community in Hampshire County . The town is home to Amherst College, Hampshire College, and the University of Massachusetts...

    , USA
    Williams Observatory
    Williams Observatory
    Craven E. Williams Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Gardner-Webb University. Built in 1990 and named for the ninth president of the university, it is located in Boiling Springs, North Carolina . Among its instruments, the observatory features a Schmidt-Cassegrain...

    1990 Boiling Springs
    Boiling Springs, North Carolina
    Boiling Springs is a town in Cleveland County, North Carolina, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the town population was 4,647. It is home to Gardner-Webb University. The Broad River runs along the south of the township, where the Broad River Greenway is located, providing recreational...

    , North Carolina
    North Carolina
    North Carolina is a state located in the southeastern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north. North Carolina contains 100 counties. Its capital is Raleigh, and its largest city is Charlotte...

    , USA
    Winer Observatory
    Winer Observatory
    Winer Observatory is an astronomical observatory near Sonoita, Arizona in the United States. It is a private, non-profit observatory, operated by Mark Trueblood since 1983. It has been the site of a number of significant small telescopes and famous robotic telescopes. It has been the site of the...

    1983 Sonoita, Arizona
    Sonoita, Arizona
    Sonoita is a census-designated place in Santa Cruz County, Arizona, United States. The population was 826 at the 2000 census....

    , USA
    Winfree Observatory
    Winfree Observatory
    Winfree Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Randolph College. Built in 1900 and named after Maj. C.V. Winfree, it is located in Lynchburg, Virginia .-References:#...

    1900 Lynchburg
    Lynchburg, Virginia
    Lynchburg is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The population was 75,568 as of 2010. Located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains along the banks of the James River, Lynchburg is known as the "City of Seven Hills" or "The Hill City." Lynchburg was the only major city in...

    , Virginia
    Virginia
    The Commonwealth of Virginia , is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" after the eight U.S. presidents born there...

    , USA
    Wise Observatory
    Wise Observatory
    The Florence and George Wise Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Tel-Aviv University. It is located 5 km west of the city of Mitzpe Ramon in the Negev desert near the edge of the Ramon Crater, and it is the only professional astronomical observatory in...

    1971 Negev
    Negev
    The Negev is a desert and semidesert region of southern Israel. The Arabs, including the native Bedouin population of the region, refer to the desert as al-Naqab. The origin of the word Neghebh is from the Hebrew root denoting 'dry'...

    , Israel
    Israel
    The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...

    Witte Observatory 1984 Mediapolis, Iowa
    Mediapolis, Iowa
    Mediapolis is a city in Des Moines County, Iowa, United States. The population was 1,644 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Burlington, IA–IL Micropolitan Statistical Area.-Geography:Mediapolis's longitude and latitude coordinates are ....

    , USA
    WIYN Observatory
    WIYN Observatory
    The WIYN Observatory is owned and operated by the WIYN Consortium. Its telescope, a 3.5-meter instrument, is the newest and second largest telescope on Kitt Peak in Arizona...

    1994 Kitt Peak
    Kitt Peak
    Kitt Peak is a mountain in the U.S. state of Arizona. It is the location of the Kitt Peak National Observatory. The radio telescope at the Observatory is one of ten dishes comprising the Very Long Baseline Array ....

    , Arizona, USA

    X

    Name Established Location
    Xiangfen Astronomical Observatory 2100 B.C. Xiangfen County, Linfen
    Linfen
    -Administrative divisions:The prefecture-level city of Linfen is divided in one district, two cities and fourteen counties. The information here presented uses the metric system and data from 2010 Census.-Pollution:...

     City, Shanxi
    Shanxi
    ' is a province in Northern China. Its one-character abbreviation is "晋" , after the state of Jin that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period....

     Province, China
    XMM-Newton
    XMM-Newton
    The XMM-Newton is an orbiting X-ray observatory launched by ESA in December 1999 on a Ariane 5 rocket...

    1999 Highly eccentric Earth orbit
    Xujiahui Astronomical Observatory 1872 Shanghai
    Shanghai
    Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...

    , China

    Y

    Name Established Location
    Artic Space Weather Center Yakutsk
    Yakutsk
    With a subarctic climate , Yakutsk is the coldest city, though not the coldest inhabited place, on Earth. Average monthly temperatures range from in July to in January. The coldest temperatures ever recorded on the planet outside Antarctica occurred in the basin of the Yana River to the northeast...

    , Russia
    Yale Student Observatory
    Yale Student Observatory
    The Yale Student Observatory, also known as the Leitner Family Observatory and Planetarium, is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Yale University. It is located in Farnham Memorial Gardens near the corner of Edwards and Prospect Streets, New Haven, Connecticut .The observatory is...

    New Haven, Connecticut
    New Haven, Connecticut
    New Haven is the second-largest city in Connecticut and the sixth-largest in New England. According to the 2010 Census, New Haven's population increased by 5.0% between 2000 and 2010, a rate higher than that of the State of Connecticut, and higher than that of the state's five largest cities, and...

    , USA
    Yangbajing International Cosmic-Ray Observatory Yangbajing Valley, Tibet
    Tibet Autonomous Region
    The Tibet Autonomous Region , Tibet or Xizang for short, also called the Xizang Autonomous Region is a province-level autonomous region of the People's Republic of China , created in 1965....

    , China
    Yantra Mandir
    Yantra Mandir (Delhi)
    The Jantra Mantra , is located in the modern city of New Delhi, Delhi...

    1724 New Delhi
    New Delhi
    New Delhi is the capital city of India. It serves as the centre of the Government of India and the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi. It is one of the nine districts of Delhi Union Territory. The total area of the city is...

    , Delhi
    Delhi
    Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...

    , India
    Yerevan Cosmic-Ray Station Yerevan
    Yerevan
    Yerevan is the capital and largest city of Armenia and one of the world's oldest continuously-inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Yerevan is the administrative, cultural, and industrial center of the country...

    , Armenia
    Armenia
    Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...

    Yerkes Observatory
    Yerkes Observatory
    Yerkes Observatory is an astronomical observatory operated by the University of Chicago in Williams Bay, Wisconsin. The observatory, which calls itself "the birthplace of modern astrophysics," was founded in 1897 by George Ellery Hale and financed by Charles T. Yerkes...

    1897 Williams Bay, Wisconsin
    Williams Bay, Wisconsin
    Williams Bay is a village in Walworth County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,415 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Williams Bay is located at ....

    , USA
    York University Observatory
    York University Observatory
    York University Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by York University. It is located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It owns two telescopes housed in two domes, a Schmidt-Cassegrain and a Cassegrain , and other smaller portable telescopes.Telescopes 1 and 2 are located...

    Toronto, Ontario
    Ontario
    Ontario is a province of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province and second largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa....

    , Canada
    Yuba City Astronomical Observatory
    Yuba City Astronomical Observatory
    Yuba City Astronomical Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned by the Doscher Family Trust and operated primarily by trustee Richard J. Doscher of Yuba City, California. It is located South of Yuba City, which is adjacent to the Sutter Buttes Mountain Range.The observatory has one 9 foot...

    2010 Yuba City, California
    Yuba City, California
    Yuba City is a Northern California city, founded in 1849. It is the county seat of Sutter County, California, United States. The population was 64,925 at the 2010 census....

    , USA
    Yunnan Astronomical Observatory
    Yunnan Astronomical Observatory
    Yunnan Astronomical Observatory an institution of Chinese Academy of Sciences sits on the Phoenix Hill in east suburb of Kunming, Yunnan, China. It is the only research observatory in the southwest of China. It is a state institution for astronomy research and public science education...

    1957 Kunming
    Kunming
    ' is the capital and largest city of Yunnan Province in Southwest China. It was known as Yunnan-Fou until the 1920s. A prefecture-level city, it is the political, economic, communications and cultural centre of Yunnan, and is the seat of the provincial government...

    , Yunnan
    Yunnan
    Yunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country spanning approximately and with a population of 45.7 million . The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders Burma, Laos, and Vietnam.Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with...

    , China

    Z

    Name Established Location
    Zimmerwald Observatory
    Zimmerwald Observatory
    Observatorium Zimmerwald is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the Astronomisches Institut der Universität Bern . Built in 1956, it is located 10 kilometers south of Bern, Switzerland near Zimmerwald.The 1 meter aperture ZIMLAT telescope was inaugurated in 1997.-External links:*...

    1956 Zimmerwald
    Zimmerwald
    Zimmerwald was until 31 December 2003 an independent municipality in the Canton of Bern, Switzerland. It is located on a hill in the proximity of the city of Bern in the Bernese Mittelland...

    , Switzerland

    See also


    External links

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