List of artifacts significant to the Bible

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List of artifacts significant to the Bible

The following is a list of artifacts

Artifact (archaeology)

In archaeology, an artifact or artefact is any object made or modified by a human archaeological culture, and often one later recovered by some archaeological endeavor....
, objects created or modified by a human culture, that are significant to the historicity of the Bible

Bible

The Bible is the central religious text of Judaism and Christianity. The exact Books of the Bible is dependent on the religious traditions of specific denominations....
.

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The following is a list of artifacts

Artifact (archaeology)

Bible

The Bible is the central religious text of Judaism and Christianity. The exact Books of the Bible is dependent on the religious traditions of specific denominations....
.

Artifacts

Amarna letters
Amarna letters

The Amarna letters are an archive of correspondence on clay tablets, mostly diplomatic, between the Ancient Egypt administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru during the New Kingdom....
- correspondence on clay tablets between the Egyptian
Egyptian

Egyptian may refer to:* Of or pertaining to Egypt, a country in northeastern Africa** A citizen of Egypt. See Demographics of Egypt.** Egyptians, an ethnic group in North Africa...
administration and its representatives in Canaan
Canaan

Canaan is an ancient term for a region encompassing modern-day Israel and Lebanon, the Palestinian Territories, plus adjoining coastal lands and parts of Jordan, Syria and northeastern Egypt....
during the New Kingdom.
Arch of Titus
Arch of Titus

The Arch of Titus is a Pentelic marble triumphal arch with a single arched opening, located on the Via Sacra just to the south-east of the Roman Forum in Rome....
- relief shows spoils from the sack of Jerusalem
Jerusalem

Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and its List of Israeli cities in both population and area, with a population of 747,600 residents over an area of if Positions on Jerusalem East Jerusalem is included....
by the Romans in 70 AD. Depicted are the menorah and trumpet
Trumpet

The trumpet is a musical instrument with the highest Register in the brass instrument family. Trumpets are among the oldest musical instruments, dating back to at least 1500 BC....
s, as well as what might be the Table of Showbread.
Babylonian Chronicles
Babylonian Chronicles

The Babylonian Chronicles are series of tablets recording major events in Babylon history. They are thus one of the first steps in the development of ancient historiography....
- dealing with Nebuchadnezzar's siege
Siege

A siege is a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by Battle of attrition and/or assault. The term derives from sedere, Latin for "to sit." A siege occurs when an attacker encounters a city or fortress that cannot be easily taken by a coup de main and refuses to surrender ....
of Jerusalem, etc.
Balaam inscription
Deir Alla

Deir Alla, Jordan, was the site of a sanctuary and metal-working centre, ringed by smelting furnaces built against the exterior of the city walls, whose successive rebuildings, dated by ceramics from the Late Bronze Age, sixteenth century BCE, to the fifth century BCE, accumulated as a tell based on a low natural hill....
- Persian temple with an inscription closely resembling the story of Balaam
Balaam

Balaam is a diviner in the Torah, his story occurring towards the end of the Book of Numbers. The etymology of his name is uncertain, and discussed below....
in the Book of Numbers
Book of Numbers

The Book of Numbers, , is the fourth book of the Torah, the Tanakh, and the Old Testament. In the Greek language Septuagint it is called Arithmoi, or Numbers....
.
Biblical period ostraca
Ostracon

An ostracon is a piece of pottery , usually broken off from a vase or other earthenware vessel. In archaeology, ostraca may contain scratched-in words or other forms of writing which may give clues as to the time when the piece was in use....
- typically shards of pottery containing words. Includes possibly the earliest known Hebrew text found at the Elah Fortress.
The Black Obelisk
Black Obelisk

The "Black Obelisk" of Shalmaneser III is a black limestone Neo-Assyrian bas-relief sculpture from Nimrud , in northern Iraq. It is the most complete Assyrian obelisk yet discovered, and is historically significant because it displays the earliest ancient depiction of an Israelite....
- picture of the King of Israel Jehu
Jehu

Jehu was king of Kingdom of Israel, the son of Jehoshaphat , and grandson of Nimshi. William F. Albright has dated his reign to 842 BC-815 BC, while E....
paying homage to Assyrian
Neo-Assyrian Empire

The Neo-Assyrian Empire was a period of Mesopotamian history which began in 934 BC and ended in 609 BC. During this period, Assyria assumed a position as a great regional power, vying with Babylonia and other lesser powers for dominance of the region, though not until the reforms of Tiglath-Pileser III in the 8th century BC, did it become a p...
king Shalmaneser III
Shalmaneser III

Shalmaneser III was king of Assyria , and son of the previous ruler, Ashurnasirpal II.His long reign was a constant series of campaigns against the eastern tribes, the Babylonians, the nations of Mesopotamia and Syria, as well as Kizzuwadna and Urartu....
(c.825 BC); early, possibly earliest, surviving picture of an Israelite. It describes how Jehu brought or sent his tribute in or around 841 BCE.
Bullae
Bulla (seal)

Bulla , is a lump of clay molded around a cord and stamped with a Stamp seal. When dry, the container cannot be violated without visible damage to the bulla, thereby ensuring the contents remain tamper-proof until they reach their destination....
from sealed documents, some that may have belonged to king Hezekiah
Hezekiah

Hezekiah was the 13th king of independent kingdom of Judah.His reign has been dated from 715 – 687 BC or 716 – 687 BC. Under either of these chronologies, Hezekiah ruled the southern kingdom of Judah during the forced resettlement of the northern kingdom of Israel by Sargon II's Assyrians and the invasion and siege of Jerusale...
while others name his servants (ah-vah-deem in Hebrew, ayin-bet-dalet-yod-mem), all from the antiquities market and subject to authentication disputes (see Biblical archaeology
Biblical archaeology

For the movement associated with William F. Albright and known as Biblical archaeology, see Biblical archaeology school. For the interpretation of Biblical archaeology in relation to Biblical historicity, see The Bible and history....
).
Bulla of Shaphan
Shaphan

Shaphan is a scribe mentioned in the Old Testament . When the chief Temple in Jerusalem Kohen Hilkiah discovers an ancient Torah scroll, he gives it to the scribe Shaphan, who in turn brings in to King Josiah....
- possible link to a figure during the reign of Jehoiakim
Jehoiakim

Jehoiakim was king of Judah. He was the second son of king Josiah by Zebidah the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah. His birth name was Eliakim....
(r. 609-598 B.C.E.).
- Bar-Ilan University's Gabriel Barkai stated: "It bears the name Gedalyahu Ben Immer Ha-Cohen, suggesting that the owner may have been a brother of Pashur Ben Immer, described in the Bible [Jeremiah 20:1] as a priest and temple official."
Cave of the Patriarchs
Cave of the Patriarchs

The Cave of the Patriarchs is a series of subterranean caves located in a complex called by Muslims the Ibrahimi Mosque or Sanctuary of Abraham ....
Cylinder of Cyrus - regarding King Cyrus
Cyrus the Great

Cyrus the Great , , also known as Cyrus II of Persia and Cyrus the Elder, was a Persian people Shah . He was the founder of the Persian Empire under the Achaemenid dynasty, an empire, perhaps the most wealthy and magnificent in history....
's treatment of religion, which is significant to the books of Chronicles
Chronicles

Chronicles may refer to:* Books of Chronicles, in the Bible* Chronicle: Medieval historical histories, like those in...
, Ezra
Ezra

Ezra was a Jewish priestly scribe who led about 5,000 Babylonian captivity living in Babylon to their home city of Jerusalem in 459 BC. Ezra reconstituted the dispersed Jewish community on the basis of the Torah and with an emphasis on the law....
and Nehemiah
Nehemiah

Nehemiah or Nechemya is a major figure in the Babylonian captivity history of the Jews as recorded in the Bible, and is believed to be the primary author of the Book of Nehemiah....
.
Deluge Tablet
Epic of Gilgamesh

The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poetry from Ancient Mesopotamia and is among the ancient literature. Scholars believe that it originated as a series of Sumerian legends and poems about the mythological hero-king Gilgamesh, which were gathered into a longer Akkadian language poem much later; the most complete version existing today is pr...
- The Epic of Gilgamesh
Epic of Gilgamesh

The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poetry from Ancient Mesopotamia and is among the ancient literature. Scholars believe that it originated as a series of Sumerian legends and poems about the mythological hero-king Gilgamesh, which were gathered into a longer Akkadian language poem much later; the most complete version existing today is pr...
records a Babylonian flood story (see: Noah
Noah

Noah was, according to the Bible, the tenth and last of the antediluvian Patriarchs ; and a prophet according to the Qur'an. The biblical story of Noah is contained in the book of Book of Genesis, chapters 5-9, while the Qur'an has a whole sura named after and devoted to his story with other references elsewhere....
).
Gezer calendar
Gezer calendar

The Gezer calendar is a tablet of soft limestone inscribed in a Paleo-Hebrew alphabet script. It is one of the oldest known examples of Hebrew language writing, dating to the 10th century BCE....
- calendar from the Biblical city of Gezer
Gezer

Gezer was a town in ancient History of ancient Israel and Judah. Scholars believe that Gezer is Tel Gezer , a site around midway on the route between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv....
(10th century BC).
Goliath Potsherd - Potsherd inscribed with the two names "alwt" and "wlt", etymologically related to the name Goliath. The artifacts are therefore connected with Tell es-Safi
Tell es-Safi

Gat or Gath 'Gath of the Philistines' was one of the five Philistine city-states, established in northwestern Philistia. According to the Bible, the king of the city was Achish, in the times of both David and Solomon....
, the traditional identification of Gath.
Hashmonean coinage
Hashmonean coinage

Image:Mattathias Antigonos.jpgHashmonean coinage are the coins minted by the Hasmonean Kingdom. Only bronze coins in various denominations have been found; the smallest being a Prutah or a half prutah....
Herodian architecture
Herodian architecture

Herodian architecture is a style of classical architecture characteristic of the numerous building projects undertaken during the reign of Herod the Great, the Ancient Rome client king of Iudaea Province#The client kingdom of Judea....
- Herodium
Herodium

Herodium or Herodion is a hill shaped like a truncated cone , located in the West Bank, southeast of Bethlehem and under control of Israel, built as a fortress palace by King Herod the Great....
Herod's temple
Herod's Temple

Herod's Temple in Jerusalem was a massive expansion of the Temple Mount and construction of a completely new and much larger Jewish Temple by King Herod the Great around 19 BCE....
Hezekiah's tunnel - a tunnel created by King Hezekiah
Hezekiah

Hezekiah was the 13th king of independent kingdom of Judah.His reign has been dated from 715 – 687 BC or 716 – 687 BC. Under either of these chronologies, Hezekiah ruled the southern kingdom of Judah during the forced resettlement of the northern kingdom of Israel by Sargon II's Assyrians and the invasion and siege of Jerusale...
in anticipation of an Assyrian
Assyrian

Assyrian may refer to:in antiquity:*ancient Assyria**the Old Assyrian period **the Middle Assyrian period **the Neo-Assyrian period *Assyria , a province of the Achaemenid Empire...
invasion. From National Geographic: The tunnel, which is about 500 meters (550 yards) long, brings water from the Gihon Spring
Gihon Spring

The Gihon Spring was the main source of water for Ophel, the original site of Jerusalem. Three main water systems allowed water to be brought from the spring to the city under cover:...
s [sic], located some 300 meters (330 yards) outside the walls of old Jerusalem
Jerusalem

Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and its List of Israeli cities in both population and area, with a population of 747,600 residents over an area of if Positions on Jerusalem East Jerusalem is included....
, to the Siloan Pool
Pool of Siloam

Pool of Siloam is a rock-cut pool on the southern slope of the City of David now outside the walls of the Old City to the southeast. The pool was fed by the waters of the Gihon Spring, which were carried there by two aqueducts - the Middle Bronze Age Channel , and Hezekiah's Tunnel ...
[sic] inside the ancient city. It was built to protect the city's water supply during an Assyrian siege.
Jehoash Inscription
Jehoash Inscription

In January 2003, an artifact, dubbed the Jehoash Inscription, appeared in Israel. It was rumored to have surfaced in the construction site or in the Muslim cemetery near the Temple Mount of Jerusalem....
- controversial black stone tablet in Phoenician
Phoenician

Phoenician may refer to:*Phoenicia, the ancient civilization*Phoenician alphabet*Phoenician languagePhoenician may also be:*A native or resident of Phoenix, Arizona...
regarding King Jehoash
Jehoash

Jehoash or Joash may refer to:* List of minor Biblical figures#Joash , Hebrew religious leader* Jehoash of Judah , Hebrew ruler* Jehoash of Israel fl. c. 790 BCE), Hebrew ruler...
's repair work. See: Book of Kings
Book of Kings

Book of Kings may refer to:*The Books of Kings in the Bible*The Shahnama, an 11th century epic Persian poem*The Morgan Bible, a French medieval picture bible...
.
Kurkh Monolith
Kurkh Monolith

The Kurkh Monolith is an Assyrian document that contains a description of the Battle of Qarqar at the end. Today it stands in the British Museum but it was originally found at the Kurdish village of Kurkh , near the town of Bismil in the province of Diyarbakir, Turkey....
- names King Ahab
Ahab

Ahab was Kingdom of Israel and the son and successor of Omri . William F. Albright dated his reign to 869 – 850 BC, while E. R. Thiele offered the dates 874 – 853 BC....
of Israel.
LMLK seal
LMLK seal

LMLK seals were stamped on the handles of large storage jars mostly in and around Jerusalem during the reign of King Hezekiah based on several complete jars found in situ buried under a destruction layer caused by Sennacherib at Lachish....
s on storage jar handles, excavated from strata formed by Sennacherib
Sennacherib

Sennacherib Rise to power As a crown prince, Sennacherib was placed in charge of the empire while his father Sargon II was on campaign....
's invasion
Merneptah Stele
Merneptah Stele

The Merneptah Stele ? also known as the Israel Stele or Victory Stele of Merneptah ? is an inscription by the Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Merneptah , which appears on the reverse side of a granite stela erected by the Pharaoh Amenhotep III....
- one of the earliest known references to Israel
Kingdom of Israel

The Kingdom of Israel was one of the successor states to the older United Monarchy . It existed roughly from the 930s BC until about the 720s BC....
or to the Israelites(1209/1208 BC).
Mesha stele
Mesha Stele

The Mesha Stele is a black basalt stone, bearing an inscription by the 9th century BC Moabite King Mesha, discovered in 1868 at Dhiban now in Jordan....
(also called the Moabite
Moabite

Moabite may refer to:*a person from Moab, the former country of the Moabite people, currently located in the area of Jordan east of the Dead Sea...
stone) - a Transjordan stele (c.850 BC) describing the victories of Moabite king Mesha over the Kingdom of Israel. A fringe viewpoint holds that it is inscribed with the name 'House of David
House of David

The House of David was a religious commune founded in 1903 by Benjamin and Mary Purnell. Based in and around Benton Harbor, Michigan, and High Island , the commune required its members to refrain from sex, haircuts, shaving, and the eating of meat....
'.
Numbers amulets
Ketef Hinnom

Ketef Hinnom is an archaeological site near Jerusalem. The site consists of a series of rock-hewn burial chambers based on natural caverns. In 1979 two tiny silver scrolls, inscribed with portions of the well-known apotropaic Priestly Blessing of the Book of Numbers and apparently once used as amulets, were found in one of a burial chambers....
- Probably the oldest surviving texts currently known from the Hebrew Bible
Hebrew Bible

The term Hebrew Bible is a generic reference to those books of the Bible originally written mostly in Biblical Hebrew with some Biblical Aramaic....
- Priestly blessing
Priestly Blessing

The Priestly Blessing, , also known in Hebrew as Nesiat Kapayim, , is a Judaism prayer recited by Kohanim during certain Jewish services....
dated to 600 BC. Text from the Book of Numbers
Book of Numbers

The Book of Numbers, , is the fourth book of the Torah, the Tanakh, and the Old Testament. In the Greek language Septuagint it is called Arithmoi, or Numbers....
in the Old Testament
Old Testament

In Western Christianity, the Old Testament refers to the books that form the first of the two-part Christianity Bible Biblical canon. These works correspond to the Hebrew Bible , with some variations and additions....
. Described as "one of most significant discoveries ever made" for biblical studies.
Nebo-Sarsekim Tablet
Nebo-Sarsekim Tablet

Nebo-Sarsekim Tablet is a clay Cuneiform script inscription referring to an official at the court of Nebuchadrezzar II, king of Babylon. It may also refer to an official named in the Biblical Book of Jeremiah....
- a clay cuneiform
Cuneiform script

Cuneiform script is one of the earliest known forms of writing system. Emerging in Sumer around the 30th century BC, with predecessors reaching into the late 4th millennium , cuneiform writing began as a system of pictography....
inscription referring to an official at the court of Nebuchadrezzar II
Nebuchadrezzar II

Nebuchadnezzar II, also called King Nebuchadnezzar The Second , was a ruler of Babylon in the Chaldean Dynasty, who reigned c. 605 BC-562 BC....
, king of Babylon
Babylon

Babylon was a city-state of ancient Mesopotamia, sometimes considered an empire, the remains of which can be found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Governorate, Iraq, about 85 kilometers south of Baghdad....
, possibly the same official named in the Biblical Jeremiah
Book of Jeremiah

The Book of Jeremiah, or Jeremiah , is part of the Hebrew Bible, Judaism's Tanakh, and later became a part of Christianity's Old Testament....
.
Ostraca House
Ostraca House

Ostraca of Samaria are Sixty-four legible ostraca which were found in Samaria. These are written in early Hebrew characters, which very closely resemble those of the Siloam Inscription, but show a slight development of the cursive script....
- 64 legible ostraca found in the treasury of Ahab
Ahab

Ahab was Kingdom of Israel and the son and successor of Omri . William F. Albright dated his reign to 869 – 850 BC, while E. R. Thiele offered the dates 874 – 853 BC....
- written in early Hebrew.
Pim weight
Pim weight

Pim weight, a polished stone about 5/8 inch diameter, equal to about two-thirds of a Hebrew_people shekel. Many specimens have been found since their initial discovery early in the 20th century, and each one weighs about 7.6 grams compared to 11.5 grams of a shekel....
- evidence of the use of an ancient source for the Book of Samuel due to the use of an archaic term.
Second Temple Stone
Second Temple

The Second Temple was the reconstructed Temple in Jerusalem which stood between 516 BCE and 70 CE. During this time, it was the center of Judaism worship, which focused on the sacrifices known as the korbanot....
- A stone (2.43x1 meters) with Hebrew language inscription "To the Trumpeting Place" excavated by B. Mazar at the southern foot of the Temple Mount. It is believed that this was a part of the Second Temple.
Shebna
Shebna

Shebna was "treasurer over the house" in the reign of king Hezekiah of Kingdom of Judah.Because of his pride he was ejected from his office, and replaced by Eliakim the son of Hilkiah as recorded in ....
's lintel
Lintel

A lintel or header is a horizontal Beam used in the construction of buildings, and is a major architectural contribution of ancient Greece....
inscription - found over the doorway of a tomb
Tomb

For the New York prison see The Tombs.A tomb is a repository for the remains of the death. The term generally refers to any structurally enclosed interment space or burial chamber, of varying sizes....
, has been ascribed to Hezekiah
Hezekiah

Hezekiah was the 13th king of independent kingdom of Judah.His reign has been dated from 715 – 687 BC or 716 – 687 BC. Under either of these chronologies, Hezekiah ruled the southern kingdom of Judah during the forced resettlement of the northern kingdom of Israel by Sargon II's Assyrians and the invasion and siege of Jerusale...
's comptroller Shebna
Shebna

Shebna was "treasurer over the house" in the reign of king Hezekiah of Kingdom of Judah.Because of his pride he was ejected from his office, and replaced by Eliakim the son of Hilkiah as recorded in ....
.
Shishaq Relief
Shishaq Relief

The Shishaq Relief is a series of inscriptions recounting pharoah Shishaq's invasion of Judah and Israel in 925 BC. It is located at the Bubastite Portal outside the Temple of Amun at Karnak....
- depicts Egypt's victory over King Rehoboam
Rehoboam

Rehoboam was a king of United Monarchy and later king of the Kingdom of Judah after the ten northern tribes of Israel rebelled in 932/931 BC to form the independent Kingdom of Israel....
c. 925 BC, time of the plunder of Solomon's Temple in Judah
Judah

Judah is the name of several Biblical and historical figures. The original Judah was the fourth son of Jacob and Leah, as recorded in Genesis 29:35....
.
Siloam inscription
Siloam inscription

The Siloam inscription or Silwan inscription is a passage of inscribed text originally found in the Hezekiah tunnel . The tunnel was discovered in 1838 by Edward Robinson ....
- evidence found near Hezekiah's tunnel.
Taylor Prism - a clay prism inscribed with the annals of the Assyrian
Assyrian

Assyrian may refer to:in antiquity:*ancient Assyria**the Old Assyrian period **the Middle Assyrian period **the Neo-Assyrian period *Assyria , a province of the Achaemenid Empire...
king Sennacherib
Sennacherib

Sennacherib Rise to power As a crown prince, Sennacherib was placed in charge of the empire while his father Sargon II was on campaign....
notable for describing his siege of Jerusalem in 701 BC during the reign of king Hezekiah
Hezekiah

Hezekiah was the 13th king of independent kingdom of Judah.His reign has been dated from 715 – 687 BC or 716 – 687 BC. Under either of these chronologies, Hezekiah ruled the southern kingdom of Judah during the forced resettlement of the northern kingdom of Israel by Sargon II's Assyrians and the invasion and siege of Jerusale...
. This event is recorded in several books contained in Bible
Bible

The Bible is the central religious text of Judaism and Christianity. The exact Books of the Bible is dependent on the religious traditions of specific denominations....
including Isaiah
Isaiah

Isaiah is the main figure in the Biblical Book of Isaiah, and is traditionally considered to be its author. He was an 8th-century Before Christ Judean prophet who declared that all the world belonged to God and that God will destroy it....
chapters 33 and 36; 2 Kings 18:17; 2 Chronicles
Chronicles

Chronicles may refer to:* Books of Chronicles, in the Bible* Chronicle: Medieval historical histories, like those in...
32:9. This event is also recorded by Herodotus
Herodotus

Herodotus of Halicarnassus was a Greeks historian who lived in the 5th century BC and is regarded as the "Father of History" in Western culture....
.
Tel Dan Stele
Tel Dan Stele

The Tel Dan Stele is a black basalt stele erected by an Aramaean king in northernmost Israel containing an Aramaic inscription to commemorate his victory over the ancient Hebrews....
- a stele commemorating victory by Aramaeans against the Israelites. It has controversially been claimed that the inscription contains the phrase House of David
House of David

The House of David was a religious commune founded in 1903 by Benjamin and Mary Purnell. Based in and around Benton Harbor, Michigan, and High Island , the commune required its members to refrain from sex, haircuts, shaving, and the eating of meat....
, although this translation has been disputed by several scholars.
Warren's Shaft
Warren's Shaft

Warren's Shaft is an archaeology feature in Jerusalem found by Charles Warren in the late 18th century. It runs from within the old city to a spot near the Gihon Spring, and after its 18th century discovery was thought to have been the centrepiece of the city's early water supply system, since it would have enabled the city's occupants to saf...
- possible route corresponding to the biblical account of Joab
Joab

Joab was the nephew of King David, the son of Zeruiah in the Bible. He was made the captain of David's army . He had two brothers, Abishai and Asahel....
, king David
David

David , was the second king of the united Kingdom of Israel according to the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. He is depicted as a righteous king, although not without fault, as well as an acclaimed warrior, musician and poet ....
's commander, launching an secretive attack against the Jebusites, who controlled Jerusalem
Jerusalem

Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and its List of Israeli cities in both population and area, with a population of 747,600 residents over an area of if Positions on Jerusalem East Jerusalem is included....
.
Western Wall
Western Wall

The Western Wall , sometimes referred to as the Wailing Wall or simply the Kotel , and as al-Buraq Wall by Muslims, is an important Jewish religious site located in the Old City ....
- is an important Jewish religious site located in the Old City of Jerusalem. Just over half the wall, including its 17 courses located below street level, dates from the end of the Second Temple
Second Temple

The Second Temple was the reconstructed Temple in Jerusalem which stood between 516 BCE and 70 CE. During this time, it was the center of Judaism worship, which focused on the sacrifices known as the korbanot....
period, being constructed around 19 BCE by Herod the Great
Herod the Great

Herod , also known as Herod I or Herod the Great , was a Roman Empire client state of Israel. Herod is known for his colossal building projects in Jerusalem and other parts of the ancient world, including the rebuilding of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, sometimes referred to as Herod's Temple....
. The remaining layers were added from the 7th century onwards.

Popular controversies

*Image of Edessa

Image of Edessa

According to Christian legend, the Image of Edessa, , was a holy relic consisting of a square or rectangle of cloth upon which a miraculous image of the face of Jesus was imprinted — the first icon ....

Ivory Pomegranate
Temple in Jerusalem

The Temple in Jerusalem or Holy Temple , refers to a series of structures located on the Temple Mount in the old city of Jerusalem. Historically, two temples were built at this location, and a The Third Temple features in Jewish eschatology....
James Ossuary
James Ossuary

The James Ossuary is an ossuary, a limestone box for containing bones, which came to light in Israel in 2002. It is claimed to have been the ossuary of James the Just, the brother of Jesus....
Shroud of Turin
Shroud of Turin

The Shroud of Turin is a linen cloth bearing the image of a man who appears to have been physically traumatized in a manner consistent with crucifixion....
Sudarium of Oviedo
Sudarium of Oviedo

The Sudarium of Oviedo, or Shroud of Oviedo, is a bloodstained cloth, measuring c. 84 x 53 cm, kept in the Camara Santa of the Cathedral of San Salvador , Oviedo, Spain....
Tower of Siloam
Tower of Siloam

According to the bible, the tower of Siloam was an ancient tower in Siloam in south Jerusalem, which fell during the time of Jesus, killing 18 people....
- ruins possibly mentioned in the Gospel of Luke
Gospel of Luke

The Gospel of Luke is a Synoptic Gospels, and is the third and longest of the four Biblical canonical Gospels of the New Testament. The text narrates the life of Jesus of Nazareth....
.
Veil of Veronica
Veil of Veronica

The Veil of Veronica, or Sudarium , often called simply "The Veronica" and known in Italian as the Volto Santo or Holy Face is a Catholic relic, which, according to legend, bears the likeness of the Face of Jesus not made by human hand ....

Artifacts described but not found

The Ark of the Covenant
Noah's Ark
Noah's Ark

Noah's Ark is a large vessel featured in the mythology of Abrahamic religions. Narratives that include the Ark are found in the Hebrew Bible and the Qur'an ....
Solomonic column
Solomonic column

The Solomonic column, also called Barley-sugar column, is a helix column, characterized by a spiraling twisting shaft like a corkscrew. It is not signified by a specific capital style and may be crowned with any design, for example, a Doric order salomonic, Corinthian order salomonic or Ionic order salomonic column....

Artifacts declared to be forgeries

Stone Seal of Manasseh - Stone seal of Manasseh
Manasseh

Philip Manasseh may refer to:*Manasseh , a son of Joseph , according to the Torah*the Tribe of Manasseh, an Israelite tribe*Manasseh of Judah, a monarch of the kingdom of Judah....
, King of Judah
Judah

Judah is the name of several Biblical and historical figures. The original Judah was the fourth son of Jacob and Leah, as recorded in Genesis 29:35....
c.687-642 BC. Reportedly offered to a private collector for one million dollars.

List of artifacts significant to the Bible

Artifacts

Popular controversies

Artifacts described but not found

Artifacts declared to be forgeries

See also