List of active separatist movements in Europe
Encyclopedia
This is a list of currently active separatist
Separatism
Separatism is the advocacy of a state of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group. While it often refers to full political secession, separatist groups may seek nothing more than greater autonomy...

 movements in Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...

. Separatism includes autonomism
Autonomism
Autonomism refers to a set of left-wing political and social movements and theories close to the socialist movement. As an identifiable theoretical system it first emerged in Italy in the 1960s from workerist communism...

 and secession
Secession
Secession is the act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or especially a political entity. Threats of secession also can be a strategy for achieving more limited goals.-Secession theory:...

ism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet two criteria:
  1. They are active movements with active members.
  2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).


Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
  • De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized
    Unrecognized state
    An unrecognized state may be:*a state currently not recognized by one given state , see List of states with limited recognition...

     regions with de facto
    De facto
    De facto is a Latin expression that means "concerning fact." In law, it often means "in practice but not necessarily ordained by law" or "in practice or actuality, but not officially established." It is commonly used in contrast to de jure when referring to matters of law, governance, or...

     autonomy
  • Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state
    Sovereign state
    A sovereign state, or simply, state, is a state with a defined territory on which it exercises internal and external sovereignty, a permanent population, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood to be a state which is neither...

  • Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area
    Autonomous area
    An autonomous area or autonomous entity is an area of a country that has a degree of autonomy, or freedom from an external authority. Typically it is either geographically distinct from the rest of the country or populated by a national minority. Countries that include autonomous areas are often...

     but not outright secession
    • De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region
    • Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question
      Government in exile
      A government in exile is a political group that claims to be a country's legitimate government, but for various reasons is unable to exercise its legal power, and instead resides in a foreign country. Governments in exile usually operate under the assumption that they will one day return to their...

      , with or without control
    • Political party (or parties): for political parties
      Political party
      A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to influence government policy, usually by nominating their own candidates and trying to seat them in political office. Parties participate in electoral campaigns, educational outreach or protest actions...

       involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession
    • Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations (sometimes called terrorist
      Terrorism
      Terrorism is the systematic use of terror, especially as a means of coercion. In the international community, however, terrorism has no universally agreed, legally binding, criminal law definition...

       organisations)
    • Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities
      Advocacy group
      Advocacy groups use various forms of advocacy to influence public opinion and/or policy; they have played and continue to play an important part in the development of political and social systems...



Various ethnic groups in Europe are seeking greater autonomy or independence. In the European Union
European Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...

 (EU), several of these groups are members of the European Free Alliance
European Free Alliance
The European Free Alliance is a European political party. It consists of various national-level political parties in Europe which advocate either full political independence , or some form of devolution or self-governance for their country or region...

 (EFA). In some cases, the group seeks union with a neighbouring country.

Azerbaijan

  • Nagorno-Karabakh
    Nagorno-Karabakh
    Nagorno-Karabakh is a landlocked region in the South Caucasus, lying between Lower Karabakh and Zangezur and covering the southeastern range of the Lesser Caucasus mountains...

    • De facto state:  Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
    • Government-in-exile:  AzerbaijanAzerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh
      Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh
      The Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh , also known as the Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh Social Union, Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh in exile is a social union representing the Azerbaijani community of Nagorno Karabakh, in exile since May 1994.-History:The...


Belgium

    • Proposed state:  Flanders
      • Political parties: Lijst Dedecker, Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie (EFA member), Vlaams Belang
        Vlaams Belang
        Vlaams Belang is a Belgian far-right political party in the Flemish Region and Brussels that advocates the independence of Flanders and strict limits on immigration, whereby immigrants would be obliged to adopt Flemish culture and language...

    • Proposed state:  Wallonia  Early Modern France

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Islamic Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    • Proposed state:   Islamic Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
      • Political parties: Party of Democratic Action
        Party of Democratic Action
        The Party of Democratic Action is a Bosniak national political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.-History:The Party of Democratic Action was founded in May 1990 by Alija Izetbegović, representing the Bosnian Muslim population...

        , Bosnian-Herzegovinian Patriotic Party-Sefer Halilović, Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina
        Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina
        The Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina is a liberal conservative political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina led by Haris Silajdžić. On the issues of the internal divisions of Bosnia, SBiH wants to eliminate two entities, and establish a "one man-one vote political system" in an unified...

        , Party of Straight Path BiH (Partija pravog puta BiH)
    • Proposed state:  Republika Srpska
    • Proposed state:  Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia
      • Political parties: Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina
        Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina
        The Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a political party of Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is an observer member of the European People's Party ....

        , Croatian Democratic Union 1990
        Croatian Democratic Union 1990
        The Croatian Democratic Union 1990 is a political party of Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It split of the Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina and is led by Božo Ljubić. In the 2006 it was the leading member of the Croats Together coalition....

        , Croatian Christian Democratic Union AP Western Bosnia
    • Proposed state: AP Western Bosnia
      • Political parties: Democratic People's Community
        Democratic People's Community
        The Democratic People's Community is a Bosniak political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.At the last legislative elections, 5 October 2002, the party - led by Fikret Abdić - won 1.4% of the popular vote and 1 out of 42 seats in the House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 3 out of...


Croatia

Secessionist movements
  • Republic of Serbian Krajina
    Republic of Serbian Krajina
    The Republic of Serbian Krajina was a self-proclaimed Serb entity within Croatia. Established in 1991, it was not recognized internationally. It formally existed from 1991 to 1995, having been initiated a year earlier via smaller separatist regions. The name Krajina means "frontier"...

    • Advocacy groups: Republic of Serbian Krajina Government in Exile
  • Republic of Dubrovnik
    • Advocacy groups: Republic of Dubrovnik Government in Exile

Autonomist movements
  • Istria County
    Istria County
    Istria County is the westernmost county of Croatia which includes the biggest part of the Istrian peninsula . The area of the county is called Istra in Croatian and Slovene...

    • Political parties: Istrian Democratic Assembly
      Istrian Democratic Assembly
      The Istrian Democratic Assembly is a Croatian regional and social liberal political party in Istria. The hyphenated abbreviation IDS-DDI is most commonly used....

      , Istrian Social Democratic Forum
      Istrian Social Democratic Forum
      Istrian Socialdemocratic Forum is a regional left-wing political party in Istria County of Croatia.It was founded by dissident faction of Istrian Democratic Assembly and firstly it was named Istrian Democratic Forum, led by Luciano Delbianco, former prefect of Istria County.In the past, it has...

    • Proposed autonomous county/region: Istria County
      Istria County
      Istria County is the westernmost county of Croatia which includes the biggest part of the Istrian peninsula . The area of the county is called Istra in Croatian and Slovene...

  • Joint Council of Municipalities
    Joint Council of Municipalities
    Joint Council of Municipalities is a body that aligns the interests of the Serb ethnic community in Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia in the Osijek-Baranja and Vukovar-Syrmia County, coordinate the law and provides initiatives and proposals to the institutions of government,...

    • Political parties: Independent Democratic Serb Party, Party of Danube Serbs
      Party of Danube Serbs
      The Party of Danube Serbs is a Serb minority political party in Croatia. It was formed as the Serbian Radical Party of the Republic of Serbian Krajina by Rade Leskovac in the early 1990s...

    • Advocacy group: Joint Council of Municipalities
      Joint Council of Municipalities
      Joint Council of Municipalities is a body that aligns the interests of the Serb ethnic community in Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia in the Osijek-Baranja and Vukovar-Syrmia County, coordinate the law and provides initiatives and proposals to the institutions of government,...

       part of Serb National Council
    • Proposed autonomous municipalities: Trpinja
      Trpinja
      Trpinja is a village and municipality in the Vukovar-Syrmia County in eastern Croatia. There are 1,537 inhabitants in village Trpinja and 5,680 inhabitants in the municipality according to the 2011 census. The majority of the population are Serbs, making up 89.29% of the population according to...

      , Erdut
      Erdut
      Erdut is a village and a municipality in eastern Croatia. It is located in the Osijek-Baranja County, eastern Slavonia, 37 km east of Osijek. The elevation of the village of Erdut is 158 m...

      , Markušica
      Markušica
      Markušica is a village and a municipality in Vukovar-Syrmia County, Croatia. There are 3,053 inhabitants, the majority of the population which are Serbs, who make up 90.76% of the population according to the 2001 population census...

      , Borovo, Croatia
      Borovo, Croatia
      Borovo , previously called Borovo Selo , is a village and an eponymous municipality in Vukovar-Syrmia County in eastern Croatia. It is located on the Danube across the border with Serbia, and has a population of 5,133 , with 86.56% of the population of Serb ethnicity...

      , Jagodnjak
      Jagodnjak
      Jagodnjak is a village and a municipality in the Osijek-Baranja County, Croatia. Jagodnjak development index is less than 50% of the Croatian average, which classifies them into 10% of the poorest municipalities...

      , Negoslavci
      Negoslavci
      Negoslavci is a village and a municipality in Vukovar-Syrmia County, Croatia. There are 1,466 inhabitants, the majority of the population which are Serbs, making up 96.58% of the population according to the 2001 population census...

      , Šodolovci
      Šodolovci
      Šodolovci is a village and a municipality in Osijek-Baranja County, Croatia. According to the 2001 census, there are 1,653 Serbs, 240 Croats and 62 others. By mother tongue, there are 1,719 Croatian speakers, 204 Serbian speakers and 32 speakers of other languages...

       which are all members of Joint Council of Municipalities
      Joint Council of Municipalities
      Joint Council of Municipalities is a body that aligns the interests of the Serb ethnic community in Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia in the Osijek-Baranja and Vukovar-Syrmia County, coordinate the law and provides initiatives and proposals to the institutions of government,...


Cyprus


Denmark

    • Proposed state:  Faroe Islands
      • Political parties: Republican Party
        Republican Party (Faroe Islands)
        The Republic is a left-wing political party in the Faroe Islands committed to Faroese Independence. It was founded in 1948 as a reaction to independence not being proclaimed after a public vote on the matter showed a significant plurality for it in 1946.In 1998 Høgni Hoydal succeeded Heini O....

        , People's Party
        People's Party (Faroe Islands)
        The Faroese People's Party – Radical Self-Government is a liberal conservative political party in the Faroe Islands, led by Jørgen Niclasen. One of the four major parties, it's had eight seats in the Løgting since the 2011 election, making it the joint-largest party, but neither of the Faroes'...

        , Centre Party
        Centre Party (Faroe Islands)
        The Centre Party is a Christianity-based, agrarian and conservative political party in the Faroe Islands, led by Jenis av Rana.At the 2008 parliamentary election, the party won 8.4% of the popular vote and 3 out of 33 seats...

        , Self-Government Party

Finland

    • Proposed state:  Åland Islands
      • Political party: Future of Åland
        Future of Åland
        The Future of Åland is a separatist political party in the Åland Islands. The goal of the party is to make Åland an independent state....

         (EFA member) Sami
        Sami people
        The Sami people, also spelled Sámi, or Saami, are the arctic indigenous people inhabiting Sápmi, which today encompasses parts of far northern Sweden, Norway, Finland, the Kola Peninsula of Russia, and the border area between south and middle Sweden and Norway. The Sámi are Europe’s northernmost...

    • Proposed autonomous region: Sápmi

France

Secessionist movements Basque Country
Northern Basque Country
The French Basque Country or Northern Basque Country situated within the western part of the French department of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques constitutes the north-eastern part of the Basque Country....

 
    • Political party: Abertzaleen Batasuna
      Abertzaleen Batasuna
      Abertzaleen Batasuna is a Basque political party in France.It is the largest Basque nationalist party of the French Basque Country gathering around 10% of the votes in this territory. Its immediate goal is the establishment of a Pays Basque département out of Pyrénées-Atlantiques...

       (AB), Batasuna
      Batasuna
      Batasuna was a Basque nationalist political party based mainly in Spain, where it was outlawed in 2003, after a court ruling declared proven that the party was financing ETA with public money. Batasuna is included in the "European Union list of terrorist persons and organizations" as a component...

      , Eusko Alkartasuna
      Eusko Alkartasuna
      Eusko Alkartasuna is a Basque nationalist political party operating in Spain and France. The Basque language name means Basque Solidarity and abbreviated as EA. The party describes itself as a Basque nationalist, democratic, popular, progressive and non-denominational party...

       (EFA member), Parti Nationaliste Basque
      Basque Nationalist Party
      The Basque National Party is the largest and oldest Basque nationalist party. It is currently the largest political party in the Basque Autonomous Community also with a minor presence in Navarre and a marginal one in the French Basque Country...

      .
    • Advocacy group: All local politicians , even those in "French" parties, agree to demand a Basque département and co-officiality of Basque language
      Basque language
      Basque is the ancestral language of the Basque people, who inhabit the Basque Country, a region spanning an area in northeastern Spain and southwestern France. It is spoken by 25.7% of Basques in all territories...

      , a demand that has been rejected by the French government.
    • Trade union: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
      Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
      LAB is a Basque nationalist trade union operating mainly in Spain currently led by Ainhoa Etxaide.It was created in 1974 by Jon Idigoras among others...

    • Youth Advocacy groups: Egi
      EGI
      The European Grid Infrastructure refers to a series of efforts to provide access to high-performance computing resources across Europe using grid computing techniques. The EGI links centres in different European countries to support international research in many scientific disciplines...

      , Gazte Abertzaleak, Iritzarri, Segi
      SEGI
      Segi is a Basque pro-independence and revolutionary left-wing organization. It forms part of the Basque National Liberation Movement and is aligned with Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak and Batasuna....

    • Militant organisation: Iparretarrak
      Iparretarrak
      Iparretarrak or IK was a Basque nationalist terrorist organization operating in the French Basque Country.It was founded in 1973 by Philippe Bidart, to date, 1982 remains as their most active year, with 32 attacks; despite having mostly targeted tourist developments, it has also assassinated a...

       (defunct), ETA
      ETA
      ETA , an acronym for Euskadi Ta Askatasuna is an armed Basque nationalist and separatist organization. The group was founded in 1959 and has since evolved from a group promoting traditional Basque culture to a paramilitary group with the goal of gaining independence for the Greater Basque Country...

      , Irrintzi
      Irrintzi
      Irrintzi is an armed Basque nationalist group or cell that acts in the French Basque Country . The word irrintzi refers originally to the traditional Basque folk high pitched scream used to express celebration or happiness....

    • Proposed state: Euskadi or Euskal Herria (Basque Country)
    • Advocacy groups: Celtic League
      Celtic League (political organisation)
      The Celtic League is a non-governmental organisation that promotes self-determination and Celtic identity and culture in Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Brittany, Cornwall and the Isle of Man, known as the Celtic nations. It places particular emphasis on the indigenous Celtic languages...

    • Political party: Adsav
      Adsav
      Adsav is a Breton nationalist secessionist party active in Britanny, which claims to be neither right-wing or left-wing, although its roots are on the right and it is widely considered to be a far right party....

      , Emgann
      Emgann
      Emgann is a left wing Breton nationalist movement in Brittany, France. Founded in 1982, it soon became one of the principal groups agitating for Breton independence...

    • Militant organisation: Armée Révolutionnaire Bretonne
      Breton Revolutionary Army
      The Breton Revolutionary Army , is an illegal armed organization that is part of the Breton nationalism movement in the Brittany region of France.-I- Origins of the conflict:...

      , Front de Libération de la Bretagne
    • Proposed state: Brittany
      Brittany
      Brittany is a cultural and administrative region in the north-west of France. Previously a kingdom and then a duchy, Brittany was united to the Kingdom of France in 1532 as a province. Brittany has also been referred to as Less, Lesser or Little Britain...

       (Main article: Corsican nationalism
      Corsican nationalism
      Corsican nationalism is a social and political movement in Corsica, active since the 1960s.- History :In 1923 was created the Partitu Corsu d'Azione by Petru Rocca, an Italian irredentist who initially promoted the union of Corsica to the Kingdom of Italy but after World War II changed to promote...

      )
    • Political party: Corsica Libera
      Corsica Libera
      Corsica Libera is a political party seeking independence for Corsica. It was founded in Corte in February 2009 by members of three nationalist parties, Corsica Nazione, Rinnovu and the Corsican Nationalist Alliance...

    • Militant organisation: National Front for the Liberation of Corsica
      National Front for the Liberation of Corsica
      The National Liberation Front of Corsica is a militant group that advocates an independent state on the island of Corsica, separate from France. They also want all currently imprisoned members of the FLNC in France to be put into Corsican prisons. The organisation's presence is primarily in...

    • Proposed state:  Corsica or  Italy
  • Nice
    Nice
    Nice is the fifth most populous city in France, after Paris, Marseille, Lyon and Toulouse, with a population of 348,721 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of more than 955,000 on an area of...

    • Political party: Nissa Rebela
    • Political party: Savoyard League
      Savoyard League
      The Savoyan League is a French regionalist political party based in Savoy.The party supports the independence of Savoy from France. The two departments of Savoy, named Savoie and Haute-Savoie have belonged to France since the Treaty of Turin in 1860...



Gradual and eventual secession
    • Political party: Breton Party
      Parti Breton
      The Breton Party is a social-democratic and social-liberal nationalist party which aspires to the creation of an independent "Republic of Brittany", within the European Union.-Program:...



Autonomist movements
    • Political party: Alsace d'Abord
      Alsace d'abord
      Alsace d'abord is a political party seeking autonomy for Alsace in France.The party is considered to be a far-right party by most observers, due to its strong stance against immigration, its opposition to Turkish entry into the European Union and its affirmation of an Alsatian national identity...

      , Nationalforum Elsass-Lothringen, Unser Land
    • Political party: Union Démocratique Bretonne
      Union Démocratique Bretonne
      The Breton Democratic Union is the main autonomist and regionalist party in Brittany and Loire-Atlantique. It advocates devolution for Brittany as well as the promotion of the Breton language and its associated culture....

       (EFA member), (Main article: Corsican nationalism
      Corsican nationalism
      Corsican nationalism is a social and political movement in Corsica, active since the 1960s.- History :In 1923 was created the Partitu Corsu d'Azione by Petru Rocca, an Italian irredentist who initially promoted the union of Corsica to the Kingdom of Italy but after World War II changed to promote...

      )
    • Political party: Partitu di a Nazione Corsa
      Partitu di a Nazione Corsa
      The Party of the Corsican Nation is a political party seeking autonomy for Corsica. It was founded in Corte in 2002 by members of three nationalist parties, Union of the Corsican People , A Scelta Nova and A Mossa Naziunale....

       (EFA member)
    • Proposed autonomous area: Corsica
      Corsica
      Corsica is an island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is located west of Italy, southeast of the French mainland, and north of the island of Sardinia....

  • Countea de Nissa
    • Political party: Nissa Rebela
    • Political party: Le Mouvement Normand
      Le Mouvement Normand
      Mouvement normand is a political organisation in France that campaigns for autonomy of Normandy. Unlike many regionalist groupings in France, it rejects "separatism" and underlines the view that people of Normandy are one of the constituent nationalities that made up the French nation...

    • Proposed region: Normandie
      Normandy
      Normandy is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. It is in France.The continental territory covers 30,627 km² and forms the preponderant part of Normandy and roughly 5% of the territory of France. It is divided for administrative purposes into two régions:...

       (to merge the two regions of Basse-Normandie
      Basse-Normandie
      Lower Normandy is an administrative region of France. It was created in 1956, when the Normandy region was divided into Lower Normandy and Upper Normandy...

       and Haute-Normandie
      Haute-Normandie
      Upper Normandy is one of the 27 regions of France. It was created in 1984 from two départements: Seine-Maritime and Eure, when Normandy was divided into Lower Normandy and Upper Normandy. This division continues to provoke controversy, and some continue to call for reuniting the two regions...

       opposed by Norman activists).
    • Political party: Savoyard League
      Savoyard League
      The Savoyan League is a French regionalist political party based in Savoy.The party supports the independence of Savoy from France. The two departments of Savoy, named Savoie and Haute-Savoie have belonged to France since the Treaty of Turin in 1860...

    • Political party: Partit de la Nacion Occitana, Partit Occitan
      Partit Occitan
      The Occitan Party is a political party in France. Its aims include greater autonomy for the Occitania region of southern France. The Occitan Party was formed in Toulouse in 1987 through the union of different occitanist movements , of candidates to the 1986 regional elections a d of various...

       (EFA member), Iniciativa per Occitània, Anaram au Patac, Hartèra


Rearrangement of regions
  • Picardie (region), activists are the Picard people. The French government regional committee had planned to subdivide the region and give each one of the 3 departements to neighbouring regions of Champagne-Ardenne
    Champagne-Ardenne
    Champagne-Ardenne is one of the 27 regions of France. It is located in the northeast of the country, bordering Belgium, and consists of four departments: Aube, Ardennes, Haute-Marne, and Marne. The region is famous for its sparkling white wine . Its rivers, most of which flow west, include the...

    , Ile-de-France
    Île-de-France (région)
    Île-de-France is the wealthiest and most populated of the twenty-two administrative regions of France, composed mostly of the Paris metropolitan area....

     and Nord Pas-de-Calais. The Picard people are divided on this proposal.
  • Several regions want to be divided into newer ones, notably in the Midi-Pyrenees and Alpes-Cote de Azur.

Georgia

  • Abkhazia
    Abkhazia
    Abkhazia is a disputed political entity on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus.Abkhazia considers itself an independent state, called the Republic of Abkhazia or Apsny...

     (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
    Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
    The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...

    )
    • De facto state: Armenians in Samtskhe-Javakheti
      Armenians in Samtskhe-Javakheti
      Armenians in Samtskhe-Javakheti are ethnic Armenians of Georgian nationality living in the Samtskhe-Javakheti region of the Republic of Georgia, which borders the Republic of Armenia to the south and where ethnic Armenians form the great majority of the population with minority Georgians and...

    • Proposed autonomous area: Javakhk autonomous region
      • Advocacy groups: Javakhk
        Javakhk
        Javakhk was a historical region of Kingdom of Armenia and a canton of Gugark province . It is currently located in the territory of modern Georgia roughly corresponding to the Javakheti region.-Antiquity:...

        , United Javakhk Democratic Alliance
        United Javakhk Democratic Alliance
        The United Javakhk Democratic Alliance is a non-government organization composed of ethnic Armenians living in Samtskhe-Javakheti province of Georgia. It has, at various times, called for local autonomy for predominantly ethnic Armenian area of Javakheti known in Armenian as Javakhk; whence the...

        , VirkSouth Ossetia
        South Ossetia
        South Ossetia or Tskhinvali Region is a disputed region and partly recognized state in the South Caucasus, located in the territory of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within the former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic....

    • De facto state:

Germany

    • Political party: Bavaria Party
      Bavaria Party
      The Bavaria Party is a separatist political party in the state of Bavaria in southern Germany. It was founded in 1946 and describes itself as patriotic Bavarian, advocating Bavarian independence within the European Union...

       (EFA member)
  • Frisia
    Frisia
    Frisia is a coastal region along the southeastern corner of the North Sea, i.e. the German Bight. Frisia is the traditional homeland of the Frisians, a Germanic people who speak Frisian, a language group closely related to the English language...

     (see Netherlands)
  • Lower Saxony
    Lower Saxony
    Lower Saxony is a German state situated in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the sixteen states of Germany...

    , Baden-Württemberg
    Baden-Württemberg
    Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states of Germany. Baden-Württemberg is in the southwestern part of the country to the east of the Upper Rhine, and is the third largest in both area and population of Germany's sixteen states, with an area of and 10.7 million inhabitants...

    , Saarland
    Saarland
    Saarland is one of the sixteen states of Germany. The capital is Saarbrücken. It has an area of 2570 km² and 1,045,000 inhabitants. In both area and population, it is the smallest state in Germany other than the city-states...

     and East Germany (the former German Democratic Republic 1949-90) - autonomous movements to expand sovereign powers as Länder
    States of Germany
    Germany is made up of sixteen which are partly sovereign constituent states of the Federal Republic of Germany. Land literally translates as "country", and constitutionally speaking, they are constituent countries...

     or states, in agreement when they joined Prussia
    Prussia
    Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...

     (1815 or 1870) and/or Federal Republic of Germany (1955 or 1990).

Italy

    • Proposed state: Padania
      Padania
      Padania is an alternative name for the Po Valley in Italy. The term was sparingly used until the early 1990s, when Lega Nord, a political party in Italy, proposed Padania as a possible denomination for an autonomous Northern Italy...

    • Political parties: Lega Nord
    • Political parties: Valdotanian Union
      Valdotanian Union
      The Valdotanian Union is a regionalist-centrist Italian political party active in Aosta Valley. Its leaders are Ego Perron, party president, and Augusto Rollandin, President of the Region....

      , Edelweiss Aosta Valley
      Edelweiss Aosta Valley
      Edelweiss Aosta Valley is a Christian-democratic and centrist Italian political party active in Aosta Valley.It was founded in 2001 by the merger of the Autonomists and the Autonomist Federation...

      , Autonomist Federation
      Autonomist Federation
      The Autonomist Federation is a centrist, social-liberal and social-democratic Italian political party active in Aosta Valley...

      , Valdotanian Renewal
      Valdotanian Renewal
      Valdotanian Renewal was a social-liberal Italian political party.It was founded in 2006 by a split from the Valdotanian Union , led by former President of Region Carlo Perrin...

      , Lively Aosta Valley
      Lively Aosta Valley
      Lively Aosta Valley was a social-liberal Italian political party active in Aosta Valley. It was founded in 2005 by a left-wing split from the Valdotanian Union and its leader was Roberto Louvin....

      , Lega Nord Valle d'Aosta
      Lega Nord Valle d'Aosta
      Lega Nord Valle d'Aosta is a regionalist political party in Italy which is the regional section of Lega Nord in Aosta Valley...

       Piedmont
      Piedmont
      Piedmont is one of the 20 regions of Italy. It has an area of 25,402 square kilometres and a population of about 4.4 million. The capital of Piedmont is Turin. The main local language is Piedmontese. Occitan is also spoken by a minority in the Occitan Valleys situated in the Provinces of...

    • Political parties: Lega Nord Piemont
      Lega Nord Piemont
      Lega Nord Piemont is a regionalist political party in Italy that is the regional section of Lega Nord in Piedmont.Its leader Roberto Cota is the President of Piedmont since March 2010.-Early years:...

       Lombardy
      Lombardy
      Lombardy is one of the 20 regions of Italy. The capital is Milan. One-sixth of Italy's population lives in Lombardy and about one fifth of Italy's GDP is produced in this region, making it the most populous and richest region in the country and one of the richest in the whole of Europe...

    • Political parties: Lega Lombarda
      Lega Lombarda
      Lega Lombarda is a regionalist political party active in Lombardy. Led by Giancarlo Giorgetti, the party is the second largest in the region....

      , Lega Alleanza Lombarda, Lombard Independentist Front Insubria
      Insubria
      Insubria is a historical-geographical region which corresponds to the area inhabited in Classical antiquity by the Insubres. Secondarily the name can refer to the Duchy of Milan...

    • Advocacy groups: Domà Nunch
      Domà Nunch
      Domà Nunch , is a social movement active in Insubria, across the border between Italy and Switzerland. It is an eco-national extra-parliamentary organization....

  • Trentino
    • Political parties: Union for Trentino
      Union for Trentino
      The Union for Trentino is a regionalist centrist and Christian-democratic political party active in the province of Trentino, Italy. The party is currently led by Marco Tanas....

      , Lega Nord Trentino
      Lega Nord Trentino
      Lega Nord Trentino is a regionalist political party in Italy which is the provincial section of Lega Nord in Trentino. The current national secretary is Maurizio Fugatti, deputy to the Italian Parliament...

      , Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party
      Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party
      The Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party is a regionalist Christian-democratic Italian political party based in Trentino.-History:The party was founded in 1948 as Trentino Tyrolean People's Party . In 1982 a split between the conservative wing, led by Franco Tretter, and the centrist wing of the...

      , Autonomist Trentino
      Autonomist Trentino
      Autonomist Trentino is a regionalist Christian-democratic Italian political party based in Trentino.It was founded in 2002 by a split from the Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party of those members who contested the party new alliance with the centre-left-coalition...

      , Ladin Autonomist Union
      Ladin Autonomist Union
      The Ladin Autonomist Union is a minor progressive political party in the province of Trentino, Italy, which seeks to represent the Ladin minority in the Province and especially that living in Fascia Valley...

      , United Valleys
      United Valleys
      United Valleys is a regionalist Italian political party active in the province of Trentino, Italy.It was formed in May 2006 by former leader of Lega Nord Trentino Denis Bertolini and seeks to represent the inhabitants of the valleys of Trentino: Val di Sole, Val di Non, Valle dell'Adige, Valli...

      , Popular Autonomy, Fassa
      Fassa
      Fassa is a minor Christian-democratic political party in the province of Trentino, Italy, which seeks to represent the Ladin minority in the Province and especially that living in Fascia Valley...

  • South Tyrol
    South Tyrol
    South Tyrol , also known by its Italian name Alto Adige, is an autonomous province in northern Italy. It is one of the two autonomous provinces that make up the autonomous region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. The province has an area of and a total population of more than 500,000 inhabitants...

    • Political parties: South Tyrolean People's Party
      South Tyrolean People's Party
      The South Tyrolean People's Party is a regionalist Christian democratic political party active in the Italian province of South Tyrol.Founded in 1945, the SVP represents the German-speaking population of the province, as well as Ladin speakers. Since the first election of the Provincial Council in...

      , Union for South Tyrol
      Union for South Tyrol
      The Citizens' Union is a separatist, nationalist and conservative political party active in South Tyrol committed to the German-speaking minority and its right to self-determination...

      , The Libertarians
      The Libertarians
      The Libertarians is a liberal and nationalist political party in the Italian province of South Tyrol committed to the German-speaking minority....

      , South Tyrolean Freedom
      South Tyrolean Freedom
      The South Tyrolean Freedom is a separatist German-speaking political party active in South Tyrol committed to the reunification of South Tyrol with the state of Tyrol within Austria....

      , Political Movement Ladins, Democratic Party of South Tyrol
      Democratic Party of South Tyrol
      The Democratic Party of South Tyrol is a minor regionalist liberal, green and social-democratic political party active in South Tyrol.The party was founded in 1997, as a continuation of the Social Democratic Party of South Tyrol, and was led by Roland Girardi...

      , Lega Nord Sud Tirolo
      Lega Nord Sud Tirolo
      Lega Nord Sud Tirolo/Lega Nord Südtirol is a regionalist political party in Italy which is the provincial section of Lega Nord in South Tyrol...

    • Militant organisations: South Tyrolean Liberation Committee
      South Tyrolean Liberation Committee
      The South Tyrolean Liberation Committee was an organisation founded by Sepp Kerschbaumer in the mid-1950s to fight for South Tyrolean independence from Italy. The organisation were regarded as terrorists by the Italian government but many South Tyroleans regarded them as freedom fighters....

       Veneto
      Veneto
      Veneto is one of the 20 regions of Italy. Its population is about 5 million, ranking 5th in Italy.Veneto had been for more than a millennium an independent state, the Republic of Venice, until it was eventually annexed by Italy in 1866 after brief Austrian and French rule...

    • Movement: Venetism
      Venetism
      Venetian nationalism is an ideology and a regionalist movement demanding more autonomy, or even independence from Italy, for Veneto, and promoting the re-discovery the Republic of Venice's heritage, traditions, culture and language...

    • Political parties: Liga Veneta
      Liga Veneta
      Liga Veneta is a regionalist political party based in Veneto, combining Venetism and fiscal federalism. Liga Veneta is by far the largest party in Veneto and the party of Luca Zaia, President of Veneto since March 2010.It was the first party of its kind in Northern Italy, predating Umberto...

      , North-East Project
      North-East Project
      North-East Project is a Venetist, fiscal federalist and libertarian Italian political party based in Veneto, demanding larger autonomy, if not complete independence for the region.-History:...

      , Liga Veneta Repubblica, Venetians in Movement
      Venetians in Movement
      Venetians Movement is an Venetist separatist cross-party political movement which aims to promote independence regardless of individual political positions such as left or right, in a democratic and nonviolent way...

      , Venetian National Party
      Venetian National Party
      The Venetian National Party was a Venetist, libertarian and separatist political party active in Veneto, Lombardy and Friuli-Venezia Giulia...

      , Venetian People's Unity
      Venetian People's Unity
      The Venetian People's Unity is a Venetist socialist and separatist political party.Founded in 2008, the party seeks to represent the "Venetian left" and takes example from Herri Batasuna...

      , Veneto State
      Veneto State
      Veneto State is a Venetist independentist political party active in Veneto and eastern Lombardy. The party seeks to achieve full political independence for the former territories of the Venetian Republic from Italy through a referendum...

       Friuli-Venezia Giulia
      Friuli-Venezia Giulia
      Friuli–Venezia Giulia is one of the twenty regions of Italy, and one of five autonomous regions with special statute. The capital is Trieste. It has an area of 7,858 km² and about 1.2 million inhabitants. A natural opening to the sea for many Central European countries, the region is...

    • Political parties : Lega Nord Friuli-Venezia Giulia
      Lega Nord Friuli-Venezia Giulia
      Lega Nord Friuli-Venezia Giulia is a regionalist political party in Italy which is the regional section of Lega Nord in Friuli-Venezia Giulia....

      , Friuli Movement
      Friuli Movement
      Friuli Movement is a regionalist political party active in Friuli, Italy since 1966.The party is currently active, but has lost importance...

      , Giulian Front
      Giulian Front
      Giulian Front is a regionalist political party active in the Province of Trieste, Italy.Formed in the mid 1990s, the party strives for the independence of Trieste from Italy , in line with a tradition started with the Independence Front for the Free Giulian State after World War II and continued...

      , Front Furlan Liguria
      Liguria
      Liguria is a coastal region of north-western Italy, the third smallest of the Italian regions. Its capital is Genoa. It is a popular region with tourists for its beautiful beaches, picturesque little towns, and good food.-Geography:...

    • Political party: Lega Nord Liguria
      Lega Nord Liguria
      Lega Nord Liguria is a regionalist political party in Italy which is the regional section of Lega Nord in Liguria. The current national secretary is Francesco Bruzzone.-History:...

      , Ligurian Independentist Movement Emilia
      Emilia (region of Italy)
      Emilia is a historical region of northern Italy which approximately corresponds to the western and north-eastern portions of today’s Emilia-Romagna region...

    • Political parties: Lega Nord Emilia
      Lega Nord Emilia
      Lega Nord Emilia is a regionalist political party in Italy active in the Emilian part of Emilia-Romagna. It is one of the 13 "national" sections forming Lega Nord.-History:...

       Romagna
      Romagna
      Romagna is an Italian historical region that approximately corresponds to the south-eastern portion of present-day Emilia-Romagna. Traditionally, it is limited by the Apennines to the south-west, the Adriatic to the east, and the rivers Reno and Sillaro to the north and west...

    • Political parties: Lega Nord Romagna
      Lega Nord Romagna
      Lega Nord Romagna is a regionalist political party in Italy active in the Romagna, part of Emilia-Romagna. It is one of the two regional sections of Lega Nord in Emilia-Romagna, the other being Lega Nord Emilia....

       Tuscany
      Tuscany
      Tuscany is a region in Italy. It has an area of about 23,000 square kilometres and a population of about 3.75 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence ....

    • Political parties: Lega Nord Toscana Marche
      Marche
      The population density in the region is below the national average. In 2008, it was 161.5 inhabitants per km2, compared to the national figure of 198.8. It is highest in the province of Ancona , and lowest in the province of Macerata...

    • Political parties: Lega Nord Marche
      Lega Nord Marche
      Lega Nord Marche is a regionalist political party in Italy which is the regional section of Lega Nord in the Marche. The current national secretary is Luca Rodolfo Paolini, who was elected deputy in the 2008 general election in Tuscany: it was the first time ever that Lega Nord Marche was...

       Umbria
      Umbria
      Umbria is a region of modern central Italy. It is one of the smallest Italian regions and the only peninsular region that is landlocked.Its capital is Perugia.Assisi and Norcia are historical towns associated with St. Francis of Assisi, and St...

    • Political parties: Lega Nord Umbria
      Lega Nord Umbria
      Lega Nord Umbria is a regionalist political party in Italy which is the regional section of Lega Nord in Umbria. The party is provisionally directed by Luca Rodolfo Paolini, national secretary of Lega Nord Marche....

    • Political parties: Sardinia Nation
      Sardinia Nation
      Sardinia Nation is a minor separatist and democratic-socialist political party in Sardinia, Italy. Its leader is Bustianu Cumpostu.-History:...

      , Sardinian Action Party
      Sardinian Action Party
      The Sardinian Action Party is a regionalist social-democratic political party in Sardinia, which has recently sided with The People of Freedom, the largest centre-right party in Italy.-History:...

      , Independence Republic of Sardinia
      Independence Republic of Sardinia
      Independence Republic of Sardinia is a social-democratic and non-violent separatist political party in Sardinia...

      , To the Left for Independence
      To the Left for Independence
      To the Left for Independence is a separatist and communist Italian political party active in Sardinia....

       Sicily
      Sicily
      Sicily is a region of Italy, and is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Along with the surrounding minor islands, it constitutes an autonomous region of Italy, the Regione Autonoma Siciliana Sicily has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature,...

    • Political parties: Movement for the Independence of Sicily
      Movement for the Independence of Sicily
      The Movement for the Independence of Sicily is a separatist movement, with the goal to obtain independence of the island from Italy...

      , Sicilian Alliance
      Sicilian Alliance
      The Sicilian Alliance is a minor autonomist and national-conservative political party in Sicily, Italy.It was founded in 2005 and was led by Nello Musumeci, a MEP who was elected on the National Alliance's list....

      , Sicilian People's Party, Sicilian National Front
    • Advocacy groups: Terra e Liberazione Southern Italy

  • Political parties: Movement for Autonomy
    Movement for Autonomy
    The Movement for Autonomies is a regionalist Christian democratic political party in Italy. It demands economic development and greater autonomy for Sicily, mainly, and for other regions of Southern Italy...

    , Federalist Alliance
    Federalist Alliance
    The Federalist Alliance is a federalist Italian political party, which is the emanation of Lega Nord in Central and Southern Italy....

    , Lega Sud Ausonia
    Lega Sud Ausonia
    Lega Sud Ausonia is a minor independentist political party in Italy.The party was founded in 1991, as the sister-party of Lega Nord in Southern Italy, and is led by Gianfranco Vestuto. Similarly to Lega Nord's goal of establishing an independent Padania, Lega Sud wants to establish an independent...

    , Southern Action League
    Southern Action League
    The Southern Action League is a regionalist national-conservative Italian political party active in Apulia and especially in the Province of Taranto....


Lithuania

Samogitia
Samogitia
Samogitia is one of the five ethnographic regions of Lithuania. It is located in northwestern Lithuania. Its largest city is Šiauliai/Šiaulē. The region has a long and distinct cultural history, reflected in the existence of the Samogitian dialect...

    • Political party: Samogitian Party
      Samogitian Party
      The Samogitian Party is an ethnic-regionalist autonomist party of the Lithuania's Samogitian minority founded in April 2008.-Creation:In 2008, the Ministry of Justice refused to register the party claiming that there were not enough participants at its inaugural meeting, but also that the...

  • Latgalia (with neighbouring Latvia
    Latvia
    Latvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...

    , northernmost Belarus
    Belarus
    Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...

     and westernmost Russia
    Russia
    Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...

    ).
    • Political party: Latgalian People's Party 

Macedonia

Illyrida
Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia
Albanians are the largest ethnic minority in the Republic of Macedonia. Of the 2,022,547 citizens of Macedonia, 509,083, or 25%, are Albanian according to the latest national census in 2002. The Albanian minority lives mostly in the north-western part of the country...

    • Political party: Democratic Party of Albanians
      Democratic Party of Albanians
      The Democratic Party of Albanians or DPA is a political party of the ethnic Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia. The DPA is a merger of the Party for Democratic Prosperity of Albanians and the People's Democratic Party which took place in June 1997...

    • Status: Continued unrest within Albanian-majority areas of Macedonia

Moldova

Transnistria
Transnistria
Transnistria is a breakaway territory located mostly on a strip of land between the Dniester River and the eastern Moldovan border to Ukraine...

    • Status: De facto state Gagauzia
      Gagauzia
      Gagauzia , formally known as the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Găgăuzia , is an autonomous region of...

    • Status: autonomy region state

Montenegro

Sandžak
Sandžak
Sandžak also known as Raška is a historical region lying along the border between Serbia and Montenegro...

    • Proposed state:  Bosnia and Herzegovina Sandžak
      Sandžak
      Sandžak also known as Raška is a historical region lying along the border between Serbia and Montenegro...

       (merging with Serbian part of Sandžak)
      • Political parties: Party of Democratic Action
        Party of Democratic Action
        The Party of Democratic Action is a Bosniak national political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.-History:The Party of Democratic Action was founded in May 1990 by Alija Izetbegović, representing the Bosnian Muslim population...

  • Bay of Kotor
    Bay of Kotor
    The Bay of Kotor in south-western Montenegro is a winding bay on the Adriatic Sea. The bay, sometimes called Europe's southernmost fjord, is in fact a submerged river canyon of the disintegrated Bokelj River which used to run from the high mountain plateaus of Mount Orjen...

    -Kotor
    Kotor
    Kotor is a coastal city in Montenegro. It is located in a secluded part of the Gulf of Kotor. The city has a population of 13,510 and is the administrative center of the municipality....

  • Ulcinj
    Ulcinj
    Ulcinj is a coastal resort town and municipality in Montenegro. The town of Ulcinj has a population of 10,828 of which the majority are Albanians...

  • Serbs of Montenegro
    Serbs of Montenegro
    Montenegrin Serbs is a regional, ethnographic group of ethnic Serbs. They compose the second largest ethnic group in Montenegro after the Montenegrins....


Netherlands

Frisia
Frisia
Frisia is a coastal region along the southeastern corner of the North Sea, i.e. the German Bight. Frisia is the traditional homeland of the Frisians, a Germanic people who speak Frisian, a language group closely related to the English language...

    • Political party: Frisian National Party
      Frisian National Party
      The Frisian National Party is a Frisian nationalist political party in the Netherlands. The FNP is mostly involved in Frisian politics...

      , (EFA member)
    • Status: Democratic movement seeking greater autonomy for Frisian-speaking people in Fryslân

Romania

Székely Land
Székely Land
The Székely Land or Szekler Land refers to the territories inhabited mainly by the Székely, a Hungarian-speaking ethnic group from eastern Transylvania...

: Székely autonomy initiatives
Székely autonomy initiatives
The Székely Land is a region of central Romania. According to official data from the Romania's 2002 census, 668,471 persons in Mureş, Harghita and Covasna counties consider themselves Hungarian...

    • Political organisation: Szekler National Council
      Szekler National Council
      The Szekler National Council is the main political organization representing the Székely of Romania.-History:The Council was founded on October 16, 2003. Its first president was József Csapó, who served until autumn 2006, when he resigned...


North Caucasus

 Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
    • Militant organisation: Chechen separatists
      Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
      The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria is the unrecognized secessionist government of Chechnya. The republic was proclaimed in late 1991 by Dzokhar Dudayev, and fought two devastating wars between separatists and the Russian Federation which denounced secession...

      ; though recently Ramzan Kadyrov
      Ramzan Kadyrov
      Ramzan Akhmadovich Kadyrov is the President of Chechnya and a former Chechen rebel.Ramzan is a son of former Chechen President Akhmad Kadyrov, assassinated in May 2004. In February 2007 Kadyrov replaced Alu Alkhanov as President, shortly after he had turned 30, which is the minimum age for the post...

      , the Russian-appointed leader of the Chechen Republic within Russia has also made statements seeming to support broad autonomy, criticising Russian attempts to make a "North Caucasus" district inviting back separatist leader Akhmad Zakayev,
    • Proposed state: Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
      Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
      The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria is the unrecognized secessionist government of Chechnya. The republic was proclaimed in late 1991 by Dzokhar Dudayev, and fought two devastating wars between separatists and the Russian Federation which denounced secession...

      Chechnya
      Chechnya
      The Chechen Republic , commonly referred to as Chechnya , also spelled Chechnia or Chechenia, sometimes referred to as Ichkeria , is a federal subject of Russia . It is located in the southeastern part of Europe in the Northern Caucasus mountains. The capital of the republic is the city of Grozny...

      , Dagestan
      Dagestan
      The Republic of Dagestan is a federal subject of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region. Its capital and the largest city is Makhachkala, located at the center of Dagestan on the Caspian Sea...

      , Ingushetia
      Ingushetia
      The Republic of Ingushetia is a federal subject of Russia , located in the North Caucasus region with its capital at Magas. In terms of area, the republic is the smallest of Russia's federal subjects except for the two federal cities, Moscow and Saint Petersburg...

    • Proposed state: Caucasian Emirate (claimed successor to Ichkeria)
  • Circassia
    Circassia
    Circassia was an independent mountainous country located in the Caucasus region of Eurasia and was the largest and most important country in the Caucasus. Circassia was located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea...

    • Movement: Circassian Congress; Circassian Youth Initiative; Adyge Djegi
    • Proposed state: Circassia, including all regions historically included in Circassia and/or inhabited by Circassians (note: this includes Adygea as well as large parts of Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachey-Cherkessia, Krasnodar Krai, and Stavropol' Krai)
  • Balkar and Karachay peoples
    • Movement: Various nationalist organisations in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia
    • Goals: Firstmost, the establishment of autonomy for the Karachai and Balkars, rather than in biethnic republics where they must share power with Russians and Circassians (division of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia into smaller units, also popular for Circassian nationalists). Then, the unification of Karachay and Balkar units is advocated by some but not all nationalists (see Balkar and Karachai nationalism)

Other regions

Tatarstan
Tatarstan
The Republic of Tatarstan is a federal subject of Russia located in the Volga Federal District. Its capital is the city of Kazan, which is one of Russia's largest and most prosperous cities. The republic borders with Kirov, Ulyanovsk, Samara, and Orenburg Oblasts, and with the Mari El, Udmurt,...

    • Political party: All-Tatar Public Center
      All-Tatar Public Center
      The All-Tatar Public Center, , also known as the Tatar Social Center is a Tatar social organization with a nationalist agenda...

    • Proposed state: Tatarstan
      Tatarstan
      The Republic of Tatarstan is a federal subject of Russia located in the Volga Federal District. Its capital is the city of Kazan, which is one of Russia's largest and most prosperous cities. The republic borders with Kirov, Ulyanovsk, Samara, and Orenburg Oblasts, and with the Mari El, Udmurt,...

      , Idel-Ural
      Idel-Ural
      Idel-Ural is a historical region in Eastern Europe, in what is today Russia. The name literally means Volga-Urals in the Tatar language. The frequently used Russian variant is Volgo-Uralye...

    • Movement: the Udmurt Counsel is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
      Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
      The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...

    • Proposed state: Udmurtia
      Udmurtia
      The Udmurt Republic , or Udmurtia is a federal subject of Russia . Its capital is the city of Izhevsk. Population: -History:...


East Prussia
East Prussia
East Prussia is the main part of the region of Prussia along the southeastern Baltic Coast from the 13th century to the end of World War II in May 1945. From 1772–1829 and 1878–1945, the Province of East Prussia was part of the German state of Prussia. The capital city was Königsberg.East Prussia...

    • Proposed state: East Prussia
      East Prussia
      East Prussia is the main part of the region of Prussia along the southeastern Baltic Coast from the 13th century to the end of World War II in May 1945. From 1772–1829 and 1878–1945, the Province of East Prussia was part of the German state of Prussia. The capital city was Königsberg.East Prussia...

       (comprises Kaliningrad Oblast
      Kaliningrad Oblast
      Kaliningrad Oblast is a federal subject of Russia situated on the Baltic coast. It has a population of The oblast forms the westernmost part of the Russian Federation, but it has no land connection to the rest of Russia. Since its creation it has been an exclave of the Russian SFSR and then the...

      ) Karelia
      Karelia
      Karelia , the land of the Karelian peoples, is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Finland, Russia, and Sweden...

    • Proposed state: East Karelia
      East Karelia
      East Karelia , also rendered as Eastern Karelia or Russian Karelia, is a name for the part of Karelia that since the Treaty of Stolbova in 1617 has remained Christian Orthodox under Russian supremacy. It is separated from the western part of Karelia, called Finnish Karelia or historically Swedish...

       or reunification with North Karelia
      North Karelia
      North Karelia is a region in eastern Finland. It borders to the regions of Kainuu, Northern Savonia, Southern Savonia, South Karelia and to Russia.The city of Joensuu is the centre of the North Karelia region.- Municipalities :...

       and South Karelia
      South Karelia
      South Karelia is a region of Finland. It borders to the regions of Kymenlaakso, Southern Savonia, North Karelia and to Russia. The term "South Karelia" might also be used to refer to the southern parts of the entire Karelia — the Region of South Karelia is termed "South" because it is the...

       and the formation of united Karelia
      Karelia
      Karelia , the land of the Karelian peoples, is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Finland, Russia, and Sweden...

    • Proposed state: Ingria
      Ingria
      Ingria is a historical region in the eastern Baltic, now part of Russia, comprising the southern bank of the river Neva, between the Gulf of Finland, the Narva River, Lake Peipus in the west, and Lake Ladoga and the western bank of the Volkhov river in the east...

       (comprises Saint Petersburg
      Saint Petersburg
      Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...

       and Leningrad Oblast
      Leningrad Oblast
      Leningrad Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It was established on August 1, 1927, although it was not until 1946 that the oblast's borders had been mostly settled in their present position...

      ) Chuvashia
      Chuvashia
      The Chuvash Republic , or Chuvashia for short, is a federal subject of Russia . It is the homeland of the Chuvash people. Its capital is the city of Cheboksary. Population: -Geography:...

    • Proposed state: Chuvashia
      Chuvashia
      The Chuvash Republic , or Chuvashia for short, is a federal subject of Russia . It is the homeland of the Chuvash people. Its capital is the city of Cheboksary. Population: -Geography:...

       Komi Republic
      Komi Republic
      The Komi Republic is a federal subject of Russia .-Geography:The republic is situated to the west of the Ural mountains, in the north-east of the East European Plain...

    • Proposed state: Komi Republic
      Komi Republic
      The Komi Republic is a federal subject of Russia .-Geography:The republic is situated to the west of the Ural mountains, in the north-east of the East European Plain...

       Mari El
      Mari El
      The Mari El Republic is a federal subject of Russia . Its capital is the city of Yoshkar-Ola. Population: -Geography:The republic is located in the eastern part of the East European Plain of Russia, along the Volga River. The swampy Mari Depression is located in the west of the republic...

    • Proposed state: Mari El
      Mari El
      The Mari El Republic is a federal subject of Russia . Its capital is the city of Yoshkar-Ola. Population: -Geography:The republic is located in the eastern part of the East European Plain of Russia, along the Volga River. The swampy Mari Depression is located in the west of the republic...

        Mordovia
      Mordovia
      The Republic of Mordovia , also known as Mordvinia, is a federal subject of Russia . Its capital is the city of Saransk. Population: -Geography:The republic is located in the eastern part of the East European Plain of Russia...

    • Proposed state: Mordovia
      Mordovia
      The Republic of Mordovia , also known as Mordvinia, is a federal subject of Russia . Its capital is the city of Saransk. Population: -Geography:The republic is located in the eastern part of the East European Plain of Russia...

       Bashkortostan
      Bashkortostan
      The Republic of Bashkortostan , also known as Bashkiria is a federal subject of Russia . It is located between the Volga River and the Ural Mountains. Its capital is the city of Ufa...

    • Proposed state: Bashkortostan
      Bashkortostan
      The Republic of Bashkortostan , also known as Bashkiria is a federal subject of Russia . It is located between the Volga River and the Ural Mountains. Its capital is the city of Ufa...


Serbia

  (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...

)
    • de facto state: Republic of Kosovo
      Republic of Kosovo
      Kosovo , officially the Republic of Kosovo is a partially recognised state and a disputed territory in the Balkans...

    • Political parties: Democratic League of Kosovo
      Democratic League of Kosovo
      The Democratic League of Kosovo is the second largest political party in Kosovo. It is a conservative and liberal conservative party; the main right-wing party in Kosovo....

      , Alliance for the Future of Kosovo
      Alliance for the Future of Kosovo
      The Alliance for the Future of Kosovo is a political party in Kosovo. It was formed on 29 April 2001.- Leadership :The current president of the party is Ramush Haradinaj. In December 2004 the parliament elected him as Prime Minister of Kosovo and he formed a coalition government with the largest...

      , Democratic Party of Kosovo
      Democratic Party of Kosovo
      The Democratic Party of Kosovo is the largest political party in Kosovo . It is a social democratic party and the main leftist party in Kosovo....

      , National Movement for the Liberation of Kosovo
      National Movement for the Liberation of Kosovo
      The National Movement for the Liberation of Kosovo is a radical left-wing nationalist political party in Kosovo. It was led by Smajl Latifi who is now leader of Movement for Integration and Unification .- History :...

      , The People's Movement for Kosovo
    • Militant organisation: Kosovo Liberation Army
      Kosovo Liberation Army
      The Kosovo Liberation Army or KLA was a Kosovar Albanian paramilitary organization which sought the separation of Kosovo from Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the 1990s....

       (became Kosovo Protection Corps
      Kosovo Protection Corps
      The Kosovo Protection Corps was a civilian emergency services organisation in Kosovo active from 1999 to 2009.The KPC was created on September 21, 1999 through the promulgation of UNMIK Regulation 1999/8 and the agreement of a "Statement of Principles" on the KPC's permitted role in Kosovo...

      )
    • ; proposed larger level of Autonomy
      Vojvodina Autonomist Movement
      Vojvodina Autonomist Movement is a political movement in the Serbian province of Vojvodina that advocating more autonomy for Vojvodina within Serbia.-History:...

    • Political parties: The League of Vojvodina Social Democrats
      League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina
      The League of Vojvodina Social Democrats is a regionalist social democratic political party in Serbia...

       Northern Vojvodina; proposed autonomous region: Hungarian Regional Autonomy
      Hungarian Regional Autonomy
      The Hungarian Regional Autonomy is the name of a proposed new administrative unit in the northern part of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia...

    • Political parties: Democratic Party of Vojvodina Hungarians, Democratic Community of Vojvodina Hungarians, Hungarian Civic Alliance
      Hungarian Civic Alliance, Serbia
      Hungarian Civic Alliance , Građanski Savez Mađara ) is an ethnic Hungarian political party in Serbia, led by Laslo Rac Sabo.In 2008 local elections in Serbia, the Hungarian Civic Alliance won 13.59% of votes in Senta and two seats in the municipal parliament in Ada....

      , Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians
      Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians
      The Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians ; , Savez vojvođanskih Mađara ) is an ethnic Hungarian political party in the Serbian province of Vojvodina. Its chairman is István Pásztor. The former party chairman József Kasza is now its honorary president...

      ; see also Hungarians in Vojvodina
      Hungarians in Vojvodina
      Hungarians are the second largest ethnic group in the Vojvodina province in northern Serbia. According to the 2002 census, there are 290,207 ethnic Hungarians in Vojvodina who compose 14.28% of the provincial population. The number of ethnic Hungarians in the whole of Serbia is 293,299, and their...

       Sandžak
      Sandžak
      Sandžak also known as Raška is a historical region lying along the border between Serbia and Montenegro...

    • Proposed state:  Bosnia and Herzegovina Sandžak
      Sandžak
      Sandžak also known as Raška is a historical region lying along the border between Serbia and Montenegro...

       (merging with Montenegro's part of Sandžak)
      • Political parties: Party of Democratic Action
        Party of Democratic Action
        The Party of Democratic Action is a Bosniak national political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.-History:The Party of Democratic Action was founded in May 1990 by Alija Izetbegović, representing the Bosnian Muslim population...

         Preševo Valley
        Preševo Valley
        The Preševo Valley , is an Albanian political catchphrase used to describe the two south Serbian municipalities of Bujanovac and Preševo, which have a majority ethnic Albanian population. Medvedja municipality is sometimes also included under this term, although it has a majority Serbian population...


Spain

Basque Country (autonomous community)
Basque Country (autonomous community)
The Basque Country is an autonomous community of northern Spain. It includes the Basque provinces of Álava, Biscay and Gipuzkoa, also called Historical Territories....

 and Navarre
Navarre
Navarre , officially the Chartered Community of Navarre is an autonomous community in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Country, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and Aquitaine in France...

 (Main article: Basque nationalism
Basque nationalism
Basque nationalism is a political movement advocating for either further political autonomy or, chiefly, full independence of the Basque Country in the wider sense...

)
    • Political parties: Partido Nacionalista Vasco (member of the European Democratic Party
      European Democratic Party
      The European Democratic Party is a centrist European political party in favour of European integration. It was initiated on April 16, 2004 and formally founded on December 9 in Brussels...

      ), Eusko Alkartasuna
      Eusko Alkartasuna
      Eusko Alkartasuna is a Basque nationalist political party operating in Spain and France. The Basque language name means Basque Solidarity and abbreviated as EA. The party describes itself as a Basque nationalist, democratic, popular, progressive and non-denominational party...

       (EFA member), Aralar
      Aralar Party
      Aralar is a Basque socialist and separatist political party in Spain. The party is led by Patxi Zabaleta. It is opposed to the violent struggle of ETA....

      , Nafarroa Bai
      Nafarroa Bai
      Nafarroa Bai is a Navarrese coalition of both left and right wing Basque nationalist parties which was created for the 2004 Spanish General election....

      , Basque Nationalist Action, Batasuna
      Batasuna
      Batasuna was a Basque nationalist political party based mainly in Spain, where it was outlawed in 2003, after a court ruling declared proven that the party was financing ETA with public money. Batasuna is included in the "European Union list of terrorist persons and organizations" as a component...

       (illegalised due to terrorism support), Bildu
      Bildu
      Bildu is a Basque nationalist, separatist and abertzale leftist political coalition active in the Basque Country and Navarre. It was official launched on 3 April 2011...

    • Trade union: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
      Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
      LAB is a Basque nationalist trade union operating mainly in Spain currently led by Ainhoa Etxaide.It was created in 1974 by Jon Idigoras among others...

    • Youth Advocacy groups: EGI
      Euzko Gaztedi
      Euzko Gaztedi Indarra-EGI is the youth wing of the Basque main nationalist political party, the Basque Nationalist Party . Their presence is in the Basque Country, in the Basque Autonomous Community, Navarre and in the Northern Basque Country...

      , Gazte Abertzaleak, Iratzarri, Segi
      SEGI
      Segi is a Basque pro-independence and revolutionary left-wing organization. It forms part of the Basque National Liberation Movement and is aligned with Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak and Batasuna....

    • Militant organisation: Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) (disbanded)
    • Proposed state: Basque Country (greater region) – Euskal Herria,   the Balearic Islands
      Balearic Islands
      The Balearic Islands are an archipelago of Spain in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.The four largest islands are: Majorca, Minorca, Ibiza and Formentera. The archipelago forms an autonomous community and a province of Spain with Palma as the capital...

       and   the Valencian Community
      Valencian Community
      The Valencian Community is an autonomous community of Spain located in central and south-eastern Iberian Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Valencia...

      , known alternatively as Valencian Country (Main articles: Catalan independentism
      Catalan independentism
      Catalan independentism is a political movement, derived from Catalan nationalism, which supports the independence of Catalonia or the so-called Catalan countries from Spain and France...

      , Catalan nationalism
      Catalan nationalism
      Catalan nationalism or Catalanism , is a political movement advocating for either further political autonomy or full independence of Catalonia....

       and Valencian nationalism)
    • Civil Organization: Sobirania i Progrés, Plataforma pel Dret de Decidir, Cercle d'Estudis Sobiranistes, Deu Mil en Xarxa per l'Autodeterminació.
    • Advocacy groups: Catalunya Acció, Free Catalonia, Moviment de Defensa de la Terra, Reagrupament
      Reagrupament
      Reagrupament or Reagrupament Independentista is a political party in Catalonia, Spain, formally constituted on 3 October 2009. It is an umbrella group for various supporters of Catalan independence and the creation of a sovereign state for Catalonia. Currently, it has no representation in the...

      .
    • Youth Advocacy groups: Maulets
      Maulets (politics)
      Maulets is a youth political organisation that belongs to the Catalan fascist independentist movement. Its task is to mobilise the young fascists of Catalonia in order to achieve an independent and totalitarian nation....

      , Coordinadora d'Assemblees de Joves de l'Esquerra Independentista, Joventuts d'Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, Endavant, Sindicat d'Estudiants dels Països Catalans, Joventut Nacionalista de Catalunya, Negres Tempestes.
    • Political parties (pro-Catalan Countries
      Catalan Countries
      The Catalan term Països Catalans refers to the territories where the Catalan language is spoken.The first mentions of the term date back to the late 19th century, but it never surpassed the limits of a small circle of Catalan authors until its strictly cultural dimension became increasingly...

      ): Candidatura d'Unitat Popular (in the Catalan Countries
      Catalan Countries
      The Catalan term Països Catalans refers to the territories where the Catalan language is spoken.The first mentions of the term date back to the late 19th century, but it never surpassed the limits of a small circle of Catalan authors until its strictly cultural dimension became increasingly...

      ), Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya
      Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya
      The Republican Left of Catalonia is a left wing Catalan independentist political party in Spain. It is also the main sponsor of the independence movement from France and Spain in the territories known among Catalan nationalists as Països Catalans...

       (in Catalonia, Balearic Islands, and Northern Catalonia
      Northern Catalonia
      Northern Catalonia is a term that is sometimes used, particularly in Catalan writings, to refer to the territory ceded to France by Spain through the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659...

      ; called Esquerra Republicana del País Valencià in the Valencian Community) (EFA member), Estat Català
      Estat Català
      Estat Català is a historical pro-independence political party in Catalonia, Spain.Despite its role in the 20th and 21st centuries both in Catalan and Spanish politics, ever since Spain returned to democracy in the 1970s, the party has not managed to get any of its candidates elected, having...

       (only based in Catalonia), Solidaritat Catalana per la Independència
      Solidaritat Catalana per la Independència
      Catalan Solidarity for Independence is a political party in Catalonia, founded in the summer of 2010 as an outcome of the grassroots social movement that initiated and organized the Catalonian independence referendums of 2009 and 2010...

      , Democràcia Catalana.
    • Political parties (based in the Balearic Islands
      Balearic Islands
      The Balearic Islands are an archipelago of Spain in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.The four largest islands are: Majorca, Minorca, Ibiza and Formentera. The archipelago forms an autonomous community and a province of Spain with Palma as the capital...

      ): Partit Socialista de Mallorca-Entesa Nacionalista
      Majorca Socialist Party
      The Majorca Socialist Party is a political party in Majorca, Spain. The PSM defines itself as socialist, environmentalist, and Catalan nationalist, from a Majorcan point of view....

       (in Majorca), Entesa de l'Esquerra de Menorca (in Minorca
      Minorca
      Min Orca or Menorca is one of the Balearic Islands located in the Mediterranean Sea belonging to Spain. It takes its name from being smaller than the nearby island of Majorca....

      ).
    • Political parties (based in the Valencian Community
      Valencian Community
      The Valencian Community is an autonomous community of Spain located in central and south-eastern Iberian Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Valencia...

      ): Esquerra Republicana del País Valencià, Bloc Nacionalista Valencià, Coalició Compromís
      Coalició Compromís
      Coalició Compromís , literally Coalition Commitment, is an electoral alliance in the Valencian Community in Spain. The parties involved include the Valencian Nationalist Bloc, the left-wing Valencian People's Initiative, and ecologist parties...

      .
    • Political parties (autonomist): Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya, Unió Democràtica de Catalunya (in Catalonia only); Unió Mallorquina (in Majorca only).
    • Proposed state: Catalan Countries – Països Catalans (Valencian nationalists propose either a dependent state within the Catalan Countries, or a separate state).
    • Proposed flag: Estelada
      Estelada
      The Estelada is an unofficial flag typically waved by Catalan independentists to express their support for an either independent Catalonia or independent Països Catalans...

       Galicia (Main article: Galician nationalism
      Galician nationalism
      Galician nationalism is a political movement arguing for the recognition of Galicia as a nation. The political movement referred to as modern Galician nationalism was born at the beginning of the twentieth century from the idea of Galicianism.- Ideology :...

      )
    • Political party: Bloque Nacionalista Galego
      Bloque Nacionalista Galego
      The Galician Nationalist Bloc is a Galician nationalist coalition of political parties. It is self-defined as a "patriotic front".Formed in 1982, under the guidance of historical leader Xosé Manuel Beiras, the BNG advocates for further devolution of powers to the Parliament of Galicia and the...

       (Galician Nationalist Block) (autonomist) (EFA member), NÓS-Unidade Popular
      Nós-Unidade Popular
      Nós-Unidade Popular is a Galician nationalist political party. It was formed by the merger of Assembleia da Mocidade Independentista, Primeira Linha, and other organizations. It currently lacks any institutional representation.-Activities:...

       (WE-Popular Unity) (independentist), Frente Popular Galego (Galician Popular Front) (independentist), Partido Galeguista
      Partido Galeguista (1978)
      The Partido Galeguista was a Galician party founded in 1978, referring to itself as the historical descendant of the Partido Galeguista in the Second Spanish Republic .-History:...

       (The Galician Party), Terra Galega
      Terra Galega
      Terra Galega is a coalition of center-wing Galician nationalist political parties; it was established on November 4, 2005; but the name has been registered since May 2005....

       Galician Coalition (Centrist nationalist Party)
    • Youth Advocacy groups: Galiza Nova, AGIR, CAF
    • Militant organisation: Resistência Galega
      Resistência Galega
      Resistência Galega , sometimes referred to as REGA, is the term used by a series of left-wing and Galician separatist organizations and individuals to claim attacks in the northern region of Spain. The term was first used in 2005 when a manifest named Manifesto da Resistência Galega appeared on the...

    • Proposed state: Galician Republic (Main article: Andalusian nationalism
      Andalusian nationalism
      Andalusian nationalism or Andalusian regionalism, sometimes referred as Andalucismo in Spanish, is the name given to the political movement in Spain advocating the recognition of Andalusian people as a "nation". It is considered to be represented primarily by the Andalusian Party but there are also...

      )
    • Political parties (autonomist): Partido Andalucista, Partido Socialista Andaluz, Bloque Andaluz de Izquierdas, Partido Comunista del Pueblo Andaluz
    • Political parties (secessionist): Nación Andaluza, Asamblea Nacional de Andalucia
    • Youth movement: Jaleo!!!, Juventudes Andalucistas
    • Proposed state: Andalusia
      Andalusia
      Andalusia is the most populous and the second largest in area of the autonomous communities of Spain. The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a nationality of Spain. The territory is divided into eight provinces: Huelva, Seville, Cádiz, Córdoba, Málaga, Jaén, Granada and...

    • Political party (autonomist): Chunta Aragonesista
      Aragonese Council
      The Chunta Aragonesista is a political party of Aragon , influenced by socialism, ecologism and pacifism. CHA defends a federal state, greater financial resources for Aragon, and the protection of the environment and hydrological resources of the Ebro Valley...

       (EFA member)
    • Political party (secessionist): Estau Aragonés, Tierra Aragonesa
    • Advocacy groups: Puyalón
    • Youth movement: Astral, Chobenalla Aragonesista, A Enrestida
    • Proposed state: Aragon
      Aragon
      Aragon is a modern autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. Located in northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces : Huesca, Zaragoza, and Teruel. Its capital is Zaragoza...

       (Main article: Asturian nationalism
      Asturian nationalism
      Nationalism and regionalism is present in the politics spectrum of the Principality of Asturias. Although asturian nationalist parties like Partíu Asturianista did have institutional representation in the Asturian parliament and government and others like Andecha Astur have also political...

      )
    • Political parties (autonomist): Partíu Asturianista
      Partíu Asturianista
      Partíu Asturianista is a nationalist political party from Asturias, Spain,founded in 1985 by Xuan Xosé Sánchez Vicente.-Ideology:...

      , URAS
    • Political parties (secessionist): Unidá Nacionalista Asturiana (EFA member), Bloque por Asturies, Andecha Astur
      Andecha Astur
      thumb|"[[Asturina cola estrella bermeya]]". A [[Red star|socialist]] and nationalist flag of [[Asturias]] used by Andecha AsturAndecha Astur is an Asturian nationalist leftist political party of Spain.-History:The party was founded in 1990...

    • Youth movements: Darréu
      Darréu
      Darréu - Mocedá Nacionaliego is a left-wing Asturian nationalist youth organization. It is based in the Asturias region of northwestern Spain.-Ideology:...

      , UNA-Mocedá , Fai!
    • Trade Unions: CSI, SUATEA, Frenti Estudiantil d'Asturies
    • Other pro-independence organisations: Sofitu
    • Proposed state: Socialist Republic of Asturias
      Asturias
      The Principality of Asturias is an autonomous community of the Kingdom of Spain, coextensive with the former Kingdom of Asturias in the Middle Ages...

    • Proposed flag: Asturina
    • Political party: Conceju Nacionaliegu Cántabru
    • Youth movement: Regüelta (Revolt)
    • Trade union: Intersindical Cántabra
    • Proposed state: Cantabria
      Cantabria
      Cantabria is a Spanish historical region and autonomous community with Santander as its capital city. It is bordered on the east by the Basque Autonomous Community , on the south by Castile and León , on the west by the Principality of Asturias, and on the north by the Cantabrian Sea.Cantabria...

    • Proposed flag: Lábaro
      Lábaro
      The Lábaro is a modern interpretation of an ancient military standard of the Cantabri people from pre-Roman Iberum. It consists of a purple cloth on which there is what would be called in heraldry a "saltire voided " made up of curved lines, with knobs at the end of each line.Additionally, and...

       (Main article: Canarian nationalism
      Canarian nationalism
      Canarian nationalism is a political movement that encourages the national consciousness of the Canarian people. The term includes several ideological trends, ranging from the right to self-determination to a demand for further autonomy within Spain.-Self-government through history:The origins of...

      )
    • Political parties: Coalición Canaria
    • Proposed state: Canary Islands
      Canary Islands
      The Canary Islands , also known as the Canaries , is a Spanish archipelago located just off the northwest coast of mainland Africa, 100 km west of the border between Morocco and the Western Sahara. The Canaries are a Spanish autonomous community and an outermost region of the European Union...

       Castile
      Castile (historical region)
      A former kingdom, Castile gradually merged with its neighbours to become the Crown of Castile and later the Kingdom of Spain when united with the Crown of Aragon and the Kingdom of Navarre...

       (Main article: Castilian nationalism
      Castilian nationalism
      Castilian nationalism, or Castilianism, is a political movement that advocates for the national recognition of Castile, and in some cases, its independence....

      )
    • Political parties (autonomist): Tierra Comunera
      Tierra Comunera
      Tierra Comunera is a nationalist political party in the Spanish historical region of Castile. It is modelled after the Basque and Catalan nationalist parties but does not advocate full independence for Castile, instead favoring cooperation or unification among what they call the five Castilian...

    • Political parties (secessionist): Izquierda Castellana
      Izquierda Castellana
      The Castilian Left is a leftist nationalist political movement active in the Spanish historical region of Castile.-History:Izquierda Castellana constituted a definitive movement in Madrid by the year 2002, as a section of Izquierda Comunera, which also included the organizations Unidad Popular...

      , Movimiento Popular Castellano,
    • Youth movement: YESCA
    • Proposed state: Castile
      Castile (historical region)
      A former kingdom, Castile gradually merged with its neighbours to become the Crown of Castile and later the Kingdom of Spain when united with the Crown of Aragon and the Kingdom of Navarre...

    • Proposed flag: Pendón Morado, Pendón Estrellado León
      León (province)
      León is a province of northwestern Spain, in the northwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.About one quarter of its population of 500,200 lives in the capital, León. The weather is cold and dry during the winter....

    • Political parties: Unión del Pueblo Leonés (UPL or Leonese People's Union), Partido Regionalista del País Leonés (PREPAL), Unión del Pueblo Salmantino (UPS), Partido Carlista del Reino de León (PC)
    • Proposed state: País Llïonés - Leonese Country (Conceyu Xoven)
    • Proposed autonomous region: Comunidad Autónoma de León - Autonomous Community of León (UPL, PREPAL, UPS, PC)
    • Civil organisations: Ciudadanos del Reino de Leon (CCRRLL), Ciudadanos Zamoranos (CCZZ)
    • Youth movements: Conceyu Xoven
      Conceyu Xoven
      Conceyu Xoven is a Spanish political youth organisation affiliated with Leonese People's Union in León and Zamora demanding the independence of the Leonese Country....

       (Young Council)
    • Principal Article: Leonese regionalist movement

Sweden

Sami
Sami people
The Sami people, also spelled Sámi, or Saami, are the arctic indigenous people inhabiting Sápmi, which today encompasses parts of far northern Sweden, Norway, Finland, the Kola Peninsula of Russia, and the border area between south and middle Sweden and Norway. The Sámi are Europe’s northernmost...

    • Proposed autonomous region: Sápmi Scania
      Skåneland
      Skåneland or Skånelandene are terms used in historical contexts in Scandinavia to describe the area on the southern and south-western part of the Scandinavian peninsula, which under the Treaty of Roskilde was transferred from Denmark to Sweden. It corresponds to the provinces of Blekinge,...

       Political or cultural organisation: Stiftelsen Skånsk Framtid (Scanian Future Foundation) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
      Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
      The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...

      )

Switzerland

Internal secessionism
    • Political party: Mouvement Indépendantiste Jurassien (Jurassian Independentist Movement), Mouvement Autonomiste Jurassien(Jurassian Autonomist Movement), Groupe Bélier (Youth activists movement)

Turkey

  • Kurdish people
    Kurdish people
    The Kurdish people, or Kurds , are an Iranian people native to the Middle East, mostly inhabiting a region known as Kurdistan, which includes adjacent parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey...

    • Proposed state:
      Kurdistan
      • Political party: Peace and Democracy Party (BDP)
        Peace and Democracy Party
        The Peace and Democracy Party ) is a political party in the Republic of Turkey. It succeeded the Democratic Society Party following the closure of the latter party for its alleged connections with the PKK, which is listed as a terrorist organization by the EU.The BDP has observer status in the...

      • Militant organisation: Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)
        Kurdistan Workers Party
        The Kurdistan Workers' Party , commonly known as PKK, also known as KGK and formerly known as KADEK or KONGRA-GEL , is a Kurdish organization which has since 1984 been fighting an armed struggle against the Turkish state for an autonomous Kurdistan and greater cultural and political rights...

         Laz people
        Laz people
        The Laz are an ethnic group native to the Black Sea coastal regions of Turkey and Georgia...

    • Proposed state:   Lazistan
      Lazistan
      Lazistan was the Ottoman administrative name for the sanjak comprising the Laz or Lazuri-speaking population on the southeastern shore of the Black Sea. However, its boundaries did not coincide with the Laz-speaking area...


Ukraine

(the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People
Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People
The Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People is the central executive body of the Kurultai of Crimean Tatars, living in their homeland of Crimea, Ukraine...

 is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...

) Carpathian Ruthenia
Carpathian Ruthenia
Carpathian Ruthenia is a region in Eastern Europe, mostly located in western Ukraine's Zakarpattia Oblast , with smaller parts in easternmost Slovakia , Poland's Lemkovyna and Romanian Maramureş.It is...

: Congress of Carpathian Ruthenians

United Kingdom and Crown Dependencies

  • Proposed state:  Cornwall
    • Political party: Cornish National Party
    • Militant organisation: Cornish National Liberation Army
      Cornish National Liberation Army
      The Cornish National Liberation Army, abbreviated to CNLA, was a terrorist Cornish nationalist organisation that has threatened to carry out acts of vandalism and arson against commercial targets that it considers to be English....

  • Proposed autonomous area:  Cornwall
    • Political parties: Mebyon Kernow – Party for Cornwall
      Mebyon Kernow
      Mebyon Kernow is a left-of-centre political party in Cornwall, United Kingdom. It primarily campaigns for devolution to Cornwall in the form of a Cornish Assembly, as well as social democracy and environmental protection.MK was formed as a pressure group in 1951, and contained as members activists...

       (EFA member), Cornish Green Party
      Green Party of England and Wales
      The Green Party of England and Wales is a political party in England and Wales which follows the traditions of Green politics and maintains a strong commitment to social progressivism. It is the largest Green party in the United Kingdom, containing within it various regional divisions including...

    • Advocacy groups: Cornish Constitutional Convention
      Cornish Constitutional Convention
      The Cornish Constitutional Convention was formed in November 2000 with the objective of establishing a devolved Cornish Assembly . The Convention is a cross-party, cross-sector association with a strong consensus of support both in Cornwall and elsewhere...

      , Cornwall 2000
      Cornwall 2000
      Cornwall 2000 is a Cornish nationalist pressure group based in Bodmin, Cornwall, United Kingdom. The group was formed by John Angarrack, who has authored revisionist books on the history of Cornwall and has participated in the Cornish nationalist scene. The organisation is headquartered at John...

      , Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament
      Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament
      The Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament , is a pressure group which claims to be a revival of the historic Cornish Stannary Parliament last held in 1753...

      , Tyr Gwyr Gweryn

  • Proposed state:  Kingdom of England
    • Political parties: One England, English Radical Alliance, England First Party
      England First Party
      The England First Party is a minor English nationalist political party. It had two councillors on Blackburn with Darwen council between 2006 and 2007.-Formation and policies:...

    • Advocacy groups: English National Liberation Association
  • Proposed autonomous area:  Kingdom of England
    • Political parties: English Democrats Party, UKIP
      United Kingdom Independence Party
      The United Kingdom Independence Party is a eurosceptic and right-wing populist political party in the United Kingdom. Whilst its primary goal is the UK's withdrawal from the European Union, the party has expanded beyond its single-issue image to develop a more comprehensive party platform.UKIP...

    • Advocacy groups: Campaign for an English Parliament
      Devolved English parliament
      A devolved English parliament or assembly, giving separate decision-making powers to representatives for voters in England similar to the representation given by the National Assembly for Wales, Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly, is currently a growing issue in the politics of...

    • Proposed state:  Gibraltar
      • Political party: Progressive Democratic Party
        Progressive Democratic Party (Gibraltar)
        The Progressive Democratic Party is a political party from Gibraltar established in June 2006 by Gibraltarian lawyer and former Gibraltar Social Democrat Deputy Chief Minister, Keith Azopardi....

    • Proposed state:  Guernsey
    • Proposed state:  Isle of Man
      • Political parties: Mec Vannin
        Mec Vannin
        is a political party operating in the Isle of Man. Formed in 1962, it seeks to revoke the status of Man as a British self-governing Crown dependency and establish a completely sovereign state, which would be a republic....

        , Liberal Vannin
      • Advocacy groups: Celtic League
        Celtic League (political organisation)
        The Celtic League is a non-governmental organisation that promotes self-determination and Celtic identity and culture in Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Brittany, Cornwall and the Isle of Man, known as the Celtic nations. It places particular emphasis on the indigenous Celtic languages...


  • Proposed state:
    Ulster
    Northern Ireland
    Northern Ireland is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west...

    • Political parties: Ulster Third Way
      Ulster Third Way
      The Ulster Third Way is the Northern Ireland branch of the Third Way and is organised by David Kerr, who had previously campaigned as an 'independent Unionist' as well as for the British National Front.As well as sharing the Third Way's aims U3W is committed to securing independence...

    • Militant organisations: Some elements within the Ulster Defence Association
      Ulster Defence Association
      The Ulster Defence Association is the largest although not the deadliest loyalist paramilitary and vigilante group in Northern Ireland. It was formed in September 1971 and undertook a campaign of almost twenty-four years during "The Troubles"...

  • Proposed state:
    Ireland
    United Ireland
    A united Ireland is the term used to refer to the idea of a sovereign state which covers all of the thirty-two traditional counties of Ireland. The island of Ireland includes the territory of two independent sovereign states: the Republic of Ireland, which covers 26 counties of the island, and the...

    • Political parties: Sinn Féin
      Sinn Féin
      Sinn Féin is a left wing, Irish republican political party in Ireland. The name is Irish for "ourselves" or "we ourselves", although it is frequently mistranslated as "ourselves alone". Originating in the Sinn Féin organisation founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffith, it took its current form in 1970...

      , Social Democratic and Labour Party
      Social Democratic and Labour Party
      The Social Democratic and Labour Party is a social-democratic, Irish nationalist political party in Northern Ireland. Its basic party platform advocates Irish reunification, and the further devolution of powers while Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom...

      , Republican Sinn Féin
      Republican Sinn Féin
      Republican Sinn Féin or RSF is an unregisteredAlthough an active movement, RSF is not registered as a political party in either Northern Ireland or the Republic of Ireland. minor political party operating in Ireland. It emerged in 1986 as a result of a split in Sinn Féin...

      , Irish Republican Socialist Party
      Irish Republican Socialist Party
      The Irish Republican Socialist Party or IRSP is a republican socialist party active in Ireland. It claims the legacy of socialist revolutionary James Connolly, who founded the Irish Socialist Republican Party in 1896 and was executed after the Easter Rising of 1916.- History :The Irish Republican...

    • Militant organisations: Irish Republican Armies
    • Advocacy group: Celtic League
      Celtic League (political organisation)
      The Celtic League is a non-governmental organisation that promotes self-determination and Celtic identity and culture in Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Brittany, Cornwall and the Isle of Man, known as the Celtic nations. It places particular emphasis on the indigenous Celtic languages...


  • Proposed state:  Kingdom of Scotland
    • Political parties: Scottish National Party
      Scottish National Party
      The Scottish National Party is a social-democratic political party in Scotland which campaigns for Scottish independence from the United Kingdom....

       (EFA member), Scottish Green Party
      Scottish Green Party
      The Scottish Green Party is a green party in Scotland. It has two MSPs in the devolved Scottish Parliament, Alison Johnstone, representing Lothian, and Patrick Harvie, for Glasgow.-Organisation:...

      , Scottish Socialist Party
      Scottish Socialist Party
      The Scottish Socialist Party is a left-wing Scottish political party. Positioning itself significantly to the left of Scotland's centre-left parties, the SSP campaigns on a socialist economic platform and for Scottish independence....

      , Scottish Democratic Alliance
      Scottish Democratic Alliance
      The Scottish Democratic Alliance was formed in 2009 as the successor to the Scottish Enterprise Party and is a Pro-Scottish independence party. As of yet they have not stood in any elections so are currently operating as a think tank on Scottish Current Affairs....

       (irridentist in regards to Berwick-upon-Tweed
      Berwick-upon-Tweed
      Berwick-upon-Tweed or simply Berwick is a town in the county of Northumberland and is the northernmost town in England, on the east coast at the mouth of the River Tweed. It is situated 2.5 miles south of the Scottish border....

      )
      , Solidarity
      Solidarity (Scotland)
      Solidarity is a political party in Scotland, launched on September 3, 2006 as a breakaway from the Scottish Socialist Party in the aftermath of Tommy Sheridan's libel action...


  • Proposed state:  Wales
    • Political parties: Plaid Cymru
      Plaid Cymru
      ' is a political party in Wales. It advocates the establishment of an independent Welsh state within the European Union. was formed in 1925 and won its first seat in 1966...

       (EFA member), Forward Wales, Wales Green Party
      Wales Green Party
      The Wales Green Party is a semi-autonomous political party within the Green Party of England and Wales . It covers Wales, and is the only regional party with autonomous status within the GPEW....

      , Llais Gwynedd
      Llais Gwynedd
      ' or Voice of Gwynedd is a small regionalist political party based in Gwynedd in North Wales. The party formed following the Plaid Cymru executive's proposal to more than halve the number of primary schools in Gwynedd by closing rural schools, many of the members being former members of Plaid...

      , Cymru Annibynnol
      Cymru Annibynnol
      Cymru Annibynnol, the Independent Wales Party is a small political party operating in Wales. They were formed as a splinter from Plaid Cymru in January 2000, when that party's leader Ieuan Wyn Jones distanced Plaid from supporting Welsh independence....

    • Militant organisations: Free Wales Army
      Free Wales Army
      The Free Wales Army was a paramilitary Welsh nationalist organisation, formed in Lampeter, Mid Wales, by William Julian Cayo-Evans in 1963. Its objective was to establish an independent Welsh republic.-History:...

      , Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru
      Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru
      Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru , abbreviated as MAC, was a paramilitary Welsh nationalist organisation, which was responsible for a number of bombing incidents between 1963 and 1969....

      , Meibion Glyndwr
      Meibion Glyndwr
      Meibion Glyndŵr was a Welsh nationalist movement violently opposed to the loss of Welsh culture and language. They were formed in response to the housing crisis precipitated by large numbers of houses being bought by wealthy English people for use as holiday homes, pushing up house prices beyond...

    • Advocacy groups: Cymuned
      Cymuned
      Cymuned is a Welsh communities pressure group. Established in 2001, the group campaigns on behalf of local communities in Wales, particularly Welsh-speaking and rural ones, which it perceives to be under threat due to demographic change.Cymuned has campaigned on issues of housing, incomers, and...

      , Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg, Celtic League
      Celtic League (political organisation)
      The Celtic League is a non-governmental organisation that promotes self-determination and Celtic identity and culture in Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Brittany, Cornwall and the Isle of Man, known as the Celtic nations. It places particular emphasis on the indigenous Celtic languages...

    • Proposed autonomous area:  Wessex
      • Political parties: Wessex Regionalist Party
        Wessex Regionalist Party
        The Wessex Regionalist Party is a minor political party in the United Kingdom, that seeks a degree of legislative and administrative home rule for Wessex, an area in the south and south-west of England, loosely based on the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of that name...

      • Advocacy group: Wessex Constitutional Convention
        Wessex Constitutional Convention
        The Wessex Constitutional Convention is an all-party pressure group, in the United Kingdom, devoted to pursuing a degree of self-government for Wessex...

    • Proposed autonomous area:  Yorkshire
      • Advocacy group: Yorkshire Ridings Society
        Yorkshire Ridings Society
        The Yorkshire Ridings Society is a group affiliated to the Association of British Counties calling for the wider recognition of the historic borders of Yorkshire, and its traditional subdivisions, the North, East and West Ridings.-History:...


See also

  • List of active separatist movements
  • List of historical separatist movements
  • Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
    Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
    The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...

  • List of micro-regional organizations
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