List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Hughes Court
Encyclopedia
This is a chronological list of cases decided by the United States Supreme Court
Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest court in the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all state and federal courts, and original jurisdiction over a small range of cases...
during the tenure of Chief Justice
Chief Justice of the United States
The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the United States federal court system and the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. The Chief Justice is one of nine Supreme Court justices; the other eight are the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States...
Charles Evans Hughes
Charles Evans Hughes
Charles Evans Hughes, Sr. was an American statesman, lawyer and Republican politician from New York. He served as the 36th Governor of New York , Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States , United States Secretary of State , a judge on the Court of International Justice , and...
(February 24, 1930 through June 30, 1941).
1930–1939
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| Beginning of active duty of Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes Charles Evans Hughes Charles Evans Hughes, Sr. was an American statesman, lawyer and Republican politician from New York. He served as the 36th Governor of New York , Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States , United States Secretary of State , a judge on the Court of International Justice , and... , February 24, 1930 |
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| Lucas v. Earl Lucas v. Earl Lucas v. Earl, 281 U.S. 111 , is a United States Supreme Court case concerning U.S. Federal income taxation, about a man who reported only half of his earnings for years 1920 and 1921. The case addresses the taxpayer's attempt at tax avoidance based on a contract with his wife. The contract... |
origin of Assignment of income doctrine Assignment of income doctrine The assignment of income doctrine is a judicial doctrine developed in United States case law by courts trying to limit tax evasion. The assignment of income doctrine seeks to "preserve the progressive rate structure of the Code by prohibiting the splitting of income among taxable... , contract to divide income Income Income is the consumption and savings opportunity gained by an entity within a specified time frame, which is generally expressed in monetary terms. However, for households and individuals, "income is the sum of all the wages, salaries, profits, interests payments, rents and other forms of earnings... between husband Husband A husband is a male participant in a marriage. The rights and obligations of the husband regarding his spouse and others, and his status in the community and in law, vary between cultures and has varied over time... and wife Wife A wife is a female partner in a marriage. The rights and obligations of the wife regarding her spouse and others, and her status in the community and in law, varies between cultures and has varied over time.-Origin and etymology:... |
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| United States v. Sprague United States v. Sprague United States v. Sprague, was a United States Supreme Court case that dealt with the Fifth Article of the US Constitution. The defendants had been indicted under the National Prohibition Act and were attempting to quash their indictments, arguing that the Eighteenth Amendment had not been properly... |
Tenth Amendment | |
| McBoyle v. United States McBoyle v. United States McBoyle v. United States, 283 U.S. 25 , was a United States Supreme Court case.- Background :McBoyle transported a plane that he knew to be stolen from Ottawa, Illinois to Guymon, Oklahoma.- Case :... |
National Motor Vehicle Theft Act held not to apply to aircraft Aircraft An aircraft is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air, or, in general, the atmosphere of a planet. An aircraft counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines.Although... |
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| Stromberg v. California Stromberg v. California Stromberg v. California, 283 U.S. 359 was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled 7-2 that a 1919 California statute banning red flags was unconstitutional because it violated the Fourteenth Amendment... |
constitutionality of California California California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area... red flag-banning statute, freedom of symbolic speech Symbolic speech Symbolic speech is a legal term in United States law used to describe actions that purposefully and discernibly convey a particular message or statement to those viewing it. Symbolic speech is recognized as being protected under the First Amendment as a form of speech, but this is not expressly... |
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| Burnet v. Logan Burnet v. Logan Burnet v. Logan, , 51 S.Ct. 550, 75 L.Ed. 1143 was a case before the United States Supreme Court.- Facts :Respondent, Mrs. Logan, prior to March, 1913 and until March 11, 1916, owned shares in Andrews & Hitchcock Iron Company which in turn held 12% in the Mahoning Ore & Steel Company which mined... |
Cost basis Cost basis Basis , as used in United States tax law, is the original cost of property, adjusted for factors such as depreciation. When property is sold, the taxpayer pays/ taxes on a capital gain/ that equals the amount realized on the sale minus the sold property's basis.The taxpayer deserves a tax-free... must be recovered before taxpayer realizes any taxable income Taxable income Taxable income refers to the base upon which an income tax system imposes tax. Generally, it includes some or all items of income and is reduced by expenses and other deductions. The amounts included as income, expenses, and other deductions vary by country or system. Many systems provide that... |
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| Near v. Minnesota Near v. Minnesota Near v. Minnesota, 283 U.S. 697 , was a United States Supreme Court decision that recognized the freedom of the press by roundly rejecting prior restraints on publication, a principle that was applied to free speech generally in subsequent jurisprudence... |
freedom of speech, prior restraints | |
| United States v. Kirby Lumber Co. United States v. Kirby Lumber Co. United States v. Kirby Lumber Co., 284 U.S. 1 , was a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that when a corporation settles its debts for less than the face amount, a taxable gain has occurred.-Facts & procedural history:... |
taxation of gain on reduction of debt Debt A debt is an obligation owed by one party to a second party, the creditor; usually this refers to assets granted by the creditor to the debtor, but the term can also be used metaphorically to cover moral obligations and other interactions not based on economic value.A debt is created when a... |
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| Blackmer v. United States Blackmer v. United States Blackmer v. United States , , is a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States.Harry M. Blackmer was a United States citizen resident in Paris... |
International law International law Public international law concerns the structure and conduct of sovereign states; analogous entities, such as the Holy See; and intergovernmental organizations. To a lesser degree, international law also may affect multinational corporations and individuals, an impact increasingly evolving beyond... and 5th Amendment Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, protects against abuse of government authority in a legal procedure. Its guarantees stem from English common law which traces back to the Magna Carta in 1215... allowed U.S. government to retain jurisdiction over its citizens abroad |
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| Blockburger v. United States Blockburger v. United States Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299 , was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States set an important standard to prevent double jeopardy.-Facts and procedural history:... |
standard for double jeopardy Double jeopardy Double jeopardy is a procedural defense that forbids a defendant from being tried again on the same, or similar charges following a legitimate acquittal or conviction... |
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| Crowell v. Benson Crowell v. Benson Crowell v. Benson, 285 U.S. 22 is the first United States Supreme Court decision that approved the adjudication of private rights by an administrative agency, not an Article III court... |
upholding adjudication of private rights Rights Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory... by an administrative agency, not an Article III court |
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| New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann, 285 U.S. 262 , was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that due process prevented a state legislature from arbitrarily creating restrictions on new businesses only on the claim that their markets affected a public use.The New State Ice Company... |
substantive due process | |
| Nixon v. Condon Nixon v. Condon Nixon v. Condon, 286 U.S. 73 , was a voting rights case decided by the United States Supreme Court, which found the all-white Democratic Party primary in Texas unconstitutional. This was one of four cases brought to challenge the Texas all-white Democratic Party primary... |
White primaries White primaries White primaries were primary elections in the Southern States of the United States of America in which any non-White voter was prohibited from participating. White primaries were found in many Southern States after 1890 about until 1944... in Texas Texas Texas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in... violated Equal Protection Clause Equal Protection Clause The Equal Protection Clause, part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, provides that "no state shall ... deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws"... |
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| North American Oil Consolidated v. Burnet North American Oil Consolidated v. Burnet North American Oil Consolidated v. Burnet, 286 U.S. 417 , was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court that established the claim of right doctrine.-Facts:... |
claim of right doctrine Claim of right doctrine In the tax law of the United States the claim of right doctrine causes a taxpayer to recognize income if they receive the income even though they do not have a fixed right to the income... in U.S. tax law Tax law Tax law is the codified system of laws that describes government levies on economic transactions, commonly called taxes.-Major issues:Primary taxation issues facing the governments world over include;* taxes on income and wealth... |
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| Powell v. Alabama Powell v. Alabama Powell v. Alabama was a United States Supreme Court decision which determined that in a capital trial, the defendant must be given access to counsel upon his or her own request as part of due process.-Background of the case:... |
access to counsel | |
| Sorrells v. United States Sorrells v. United States Sorrells v. United States, 287 U.S. 435 , is a Supreme Court case in which the justices unanimously recognized the entrapment defense... |
Entrapment Entrapment In criminal law, entrapment is conduct by a law enforcement agent inducing a person to commit an offense that the person would otherwise have been unlikely to commit. In many jurisdictions, entrapment is a possible defense against criminal liability... recognized as a valid defense |
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| Home Building & Loan Association v. Blaisdell Home Building & Loan Association v. Blaisdell Home Building & Loan Association v. Blaisdell, 290 U.S. 398 , was a decision of the United States Supreme Court holding that Minnesota's suspension of creditor's remedies was not in violation of the United States Constitution. Blaisdell was decided during the height of the Great Depression and has... |
Minnesota's Minnesota Minnesota is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. The twelfth largest state of the U.S., it is the twenty-first most populous, with 5.3 million residents. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the thirty-second state... suspension of creditor's Creditor A creditor is a party that has a claim to the services of a second party. It is a person or institution to whom money is owed. The first party, in general, has provided some property or service to the second party under the assumption that the second party will return an equivalent property or... remedies did not violate the Contract Clause Contract Clause The Contract Clause appears in the United States Constitution, Article I, section 10, clause 1. It states:The Contract Clause prohibits states from enacting any law that retroactively impairs contract rights... |
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| Burroughs v. United States Burroughs v. United States Burroughs v. United States 290 U.S. 534 is a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States which upheld as constitutional the financial disclosure and reporting requirements of the Federal Corrupt Practices Act... |
upholding the constitutionality of the Federal Corrupt Practices Act Federal Corrupt Practices Act The Federal Corrupt Practices Act was a federal law of the United States enacted in 1910 and amended in 1911 and 1925. It remained the nation's primary law regulating campaign finance in federal elections until the passage of the Federal Election Campaign Act in 1971. Created by President William H... |
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| Nebbia v. New York Nebbia v. New York Nebbia v. New York, 291 U.S. 502 , was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States determined whether the state of New York could regulate the price of milk for dairy farmers, dealers, and retailers.... |
Substantive Due Process Due process Due process is the legal code that the state must venerate all of the legal rights that are owed to a person under the principle. Due process balances the power of the state law of the land and thus protects individual persons from it... , economic regulation |
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| Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan, 293 U.S. 388 , also known as the Hot Oil case, was a case in which the United States Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional the Roosevelt Administration's prohibition of interstate and foreign trade in petroleum goods produced in excess of state quotas—the "hot oil"... |
delegation of authority Authority The word Authority is derived mainly from the Latin word auctoritas, meaning invention, advice, opinion, influence, or command. In English, the word 'authority' can be used to mean power given by the state or by academic knowledge of an area .-Authority in Philosophy:In... , New Deal New Deal The New Deal was a series of economic programs implemented in the United States between 1933 and 1936. They were passed by the U.S. Congress during the first term of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The programs were Roosevelt's responses to the Great Depression, and focused on what historians call... |
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| Gregory v. Helvering Gregory v. Helvering Gregory v. Helvering, 293 U.S. 465 , was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court concerned with U.S. income tax law. The case is cited as part of the basis for two legal doctrines: the business purpose doctrine and the doctrine of substance over form.-Business purpose doctrine:The... |
tax law Tax law Tax law is the codified system of laws that describes government levies on economic transactions, commonly called taxes.-Major issues:Primary taxation issues facing the governments world over include;* taxes on income and wealth... , business Business A business is an organization engaged in the trade of goods, services, or both to consumers. Businesses are predominant in capitalist economies, where most of them are privately owned and administered to earn profit to increase the wealth of their owners. Businesses may also be not-for-profit... purpose doctrine Doctrine Doctrine is a codification of beliefs or a body of teachings or instructions, taught principles or positions, as the body of teachings in a branch of knowledge or belief system... |
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| Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 , was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that invalidated regulations of the poultry industry according to the nondelegation doctrine and as an invalid use of Congress's power under the commerce clause... |
interstate commerce, New Deal | |
| Humphrey's Executor v. United States Humphrey's Executor v. United States Humphrey's Executor v. United States, , was a United States Supreme Court case decided during the Franklin Delano Roosevelt presidency, regarding the powers that a President of the United States has to remove certain executive officials of a "quasi-legislative," "quasi-judicial" administrative body... |
administrative action, separation of powers Separation of powers The separation of powers, often imprecisely used interchangeably with the trias politica principle, is a model for the governance of a state. The model was first developed in ancient Greece and came into widespread use by the Roman Republic as part of the unmodified Constitution of the Roman Republic... |
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| Pacific States Box & Basket Co. v. White Pacific States Box & Basket Co. v. White Pacific States Box & Basket Co. v. White, , was a case heard by the United States Supreme Court.- Background :The Oregon Division of Plant Industries, having been granted the power to prevent fraud or deception and to promote, protect, further or develop the horticultural interests of the state,... |
early case on standard of review Standard of review In LAW, the standard of review is the amount of deference given by one court in reviewing a decision of a lower court or tribunal. A low standard of review means that the decision under review will be varied or overturned if the reviewing court considers there is any error at all in the lower... for regulation Regulation Regulation is administrative legislation that constitutes or constrains rights and allocates responsibilities. It can be distinguished from primary legislation on the one hand and judge-made law on the other... s |
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| Fox Film Corp. v. Muller Fox Film Corp. v. Muller Fox Film Corp. v. Muller, 296 U.S. 207 , was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that it cannot exert certiorari jurisdiction over a case in which there is an adequate and independent state law ground for the state court's final judgment.-Facts:Plaintiff Fox Film Corporation... |
contract Contract A contract is an agreement entered into by two parties or more with the intention of creating a legal obligation, which may have elements in writing. Contracts can be made orally. The remedy for breach of contract can be "damages" or compensation of money. In equity, the remedy can be specific... dispute, "adequate and independent state ground Adequate and independent state ground The adequate and independent state ground doctrine is a doctrine of United States law governing the power of the U.S. Supreme Court to review judgments entered by state courts.- Introduction :... " |
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| United States v. Constantine United States v. Constantine United States v. Constantine, 296 U.S. 287 was a case before the United States Supreme Court that concerned liquor laws and taxation. Congress placed a tax on liquor dealers who violate state liquor laws. The Court struck it down as an attempt to regulate an activity through taxation.-External... |
taxation of liquor | |
| United States v. Butler United States v. Butler United States v. Butler, , was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the processing taxes instituted under the 1933 Agricultural Adjustment Act were unconstitutional... |
Taxation power, Tenth Amendment Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, was ratified on December 15, 1791... |
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| Grosjean v. American Press Co. | Freedom of the press Freedom of the press Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the freedom of communication and expression through vehicles including various electronic media and published materials... , taxation of newspapers |
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| Brown v. Mississippi Brown v. Mississippi Brown v. Mississippi, 297 U.S. 278, , was a United States Supreme Court case that ruled that a defendant's involuntary confession that is extracted by police violence cannot be entered as evidence and violates the Due Process Clause.... |
coerced confessions by means of violence Violence Violence is the use of physical force to apply a state to others contrary to their wishes. violence, while often a stand-alone issue, is often the culmination of other kinds of conflict, e.g... |
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| Wallace v. Cutten Wallace v. Cutten Wallace v. Cutten, 298 U.S. 229 , was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the authority of the United States Secretary of Agriculture under the Grain Futures Act Wallace v. Cutten, 298 U.S. 229 (1936), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that... |
application of the Grain Futures Act Grain Futures Act The Grain Futures Act , is a United States federal law enacted September 21, 1922 involving the regulation of trading in certain commodity futures, and causing the establishment of the Grain Futures Administration, a predecessor organization to the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.The bill that... |
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| Valentine v. United States Valentine v. United States Valentine v. United States, 299 U.S. 5 , is known in the study of international criminal law for its contribution to the concept that while it is permissible for the United States to receive an accused without a treaty-based extradition, the United States itself will not extradite without authority... |
extradition Extradition Extradition is the official process whereby one nation or state surrenders a suspected or convicted criminal to another nation or state. Between nation states, extradition is regulated by treaties... powers of the executive branch |
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| Bourdieu v. Pacific Western Oil Co. Bourdieu v. Pacific Western Oil Co. Bourdieu v. Pacific Western Oil Co., 299 U.S. 65 , was a decision by the United States Supreme Court, which held that an inquiry into indispensability would be unnecessary where the complaint did not state a cause of action.-Further reading:... |
U.S. government Federal government of the United States The federal government of the United States is the national government of the constitutional republic of fifty states that is the United States of America. The federal government comprises three distinct branches of government: a legislative, an executive and a judiciary. These branches and... as an indispensable party Indispensable party An indispensable party is a party in a lawsuit whose participation is required for jurisdiction or the purpose of rendering a judgment. In reality, a party may be "necessary" but not indispensable. For example, if s/he claims an interest in the litigation, that interest may be impeded if s/he is... |
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| United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp., 299 U.S. 304 , was a United States Supreme Court case involving principles of both governmental regulation of business and the supremacy of the executive branch of the federal government to conduct foreign affairs.-The Facts:In Curtiss-Wright, the... |
export restrictions, Presidential power over international commerce | |
| DeJonge v. Oregon DeJonge v. Oregon De Jonge v. Oregon, 299 U.S. 353 , was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause applies to freedom of assembly. The Court found that Dirk De Jonge had the right to organize a Communist Party and to speak at its meetings, even... |
14th Amendment applied to freedom of assembly Freedom of assembly Freedom of assembly, sometimes used interchangeably with the freedom of association, is the individual right to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue and defend common interests... |
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| West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, , was a decision by the United States Supreme Court upholding the constitutionality of minimum wage legislation enacted by the State of Washington, overturning an earlier decision in Adkins v. Children's Hospital,... |
freedom of contract, minimum wage Minimum wage A minimum wage is the lowest hourly, daily or monthly remuneration that employers may legally pay to workers. Equivalently, it is the lowest wage at which workers may sell their labour. Although minimum wage laws are in effect in a great many jurisdictions, there are differences of opinion about... laws; “the switch in time that saved nine The switch in time that saved nine “The switch in time that saved nine” is the name given to what was perceived as the sudden jurisprudential shift by Associate Justice Owen J. Roberts of the U.S. Supreme Court in West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish... ” |
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| National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation, 301 U.S. 1 , was a United States Supreme Court case that declared that the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 was constitutional... |
interstate commerce; another consequence of “the switch in time that saved nine” | |
| Steward Machine Company v. Davis Steward Machine Company v. Davis Steward Machine Company v. Davis, 301 U.S. 548 , was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States upheld the unemployment compensation provisions of the Social Security Act of 1935. The Act established a national taxing structure designed to induce states to adopt laws for funding and... |
Court upholds the unemployment insurance provisions of the Social Security Act Social Security (United States) In the United States, Social Security refers to the federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance program.The original Social Security Act and the current version of the Act, as amended encompass several social welfare and social insurance programs... |
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| Bogardus v. Commissioner Bogardus v. Commissioner Bogardus v. Commissioner, was a case before the U.S. Supreme Court discussing, under United States tax law, how to distinguish compensation from tax-exempt gifts under §102... |
distinction between taxable compensation Income Income is the consumption and savings opportunity gained by an entity within a specified time frame, which is generally expressed in monetary terms. However, for households and individuals, "income is the sum of all the wages, salaries, profits, interests payments, rents and other forms of earnings... and tax-exempt gifts under the Internal Revenue Code Internal Revenue Code The Internal Revenue Code is the domestic portion of Federal statutory tax law in the United States, published in various volumes of the United States Statutes at Large, and separately as Title 26 of the United States Code... |
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| Palko v. Connecticut Palko v. Connecticut Palko v. Connecticut, , was a United States Supreme Court case concerning the incorporation of the Fifth Amendment protection against double jeopardy.-Background:... |
selective incorporation Incorporation (Bill of Rights) The incorporation of the Bill of Rights is the process by which American courts have applied portions of the U.S. Bill of Rights to the states. Prior to the 1890s, the Bill of Rights was held only to apply to the federal government... , double jeopardy Double jeopardy Double jeopardy is a procedural defense that forbids a defendant from being tried again on the same, or similar charges following a legitimate acquittal or conviction... |
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| Connecticut General Life Insurance Company v. Johnson Connecticut General Life Insurance Company v. Johnson Connecticut General Life Insurance Company v. Johnson, 303 U.S. 77 is a case in which the United States Supreme Court dealt with corporate entities. The case involved whether the state of California could levy a tax, on a company licensed to do business in that state, for transactions that... |
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| Lovell v. City of Griffin | City ordinance requiring official permission to distribute literature Literature Literature is the art of written works, and is not bound to published sources... held unconstitutionally broad |
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| New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery Co. New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery Co. New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery Co., 303 U.S. 552 , was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, safeguarding a right to boycott and in the struggle by African Americans against discriminatory hiring practices.-External links:**... |
safeguard right to boycott Boycott A boycott is an act of voluntarily abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with a person, organization, or country as an expression of protest, usually for political reasons... and chips away at discriminatory Equal Employment Opportunity Commission The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is an independent federal law enforcement agency that enforces laws against workplace discrimination. The EEOC investigates discrimination complaints based on an individual's race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, perceived intelligence,... hiring practices against African Americans |
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| Hale v. Kentucky Hale v. Kentucky Hale v. Kentucky, 303 U.S. 613 , was a United States Supreme Court case relating to racial discrimination in the selection of juries for criminal trials. The case overturned the conviction of an African American man accused of murder because the lower court of Kentucky had systematically excluded... |
exclusion of African Americans from juries | |
| Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64 , was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court held that federal courts did not have the judicial power to create general federal common law when hearing state law claims under diversity jurisdiction... |
limiting general federal common law by requiring that state law apply except where federal law exists | |
| Hinderlider v. La Plata River & Cherry Creek Ditch Hinderlider v. La Plata River & Cherry Creek Ditch -Overview:Hinderlider v. La Plata River & Cherry Creek Ditch Co., 304 U.S. 92 , is best known for announcing that "general common law" or "general federal common law" no longer exists in the American legal system and is unconstiutional. However, federal courts retain the power to create... |
reaffirming existence Existence In common usage, existence is the world we are aware of through our senses, and that persists independently without them. In academic philosophy the word has a more specialized meaning, being contrasted with essence, which specifies different forms of existence as well as different identity... of federal common law Federal common law Federal common law is a term of United States law used to describe common law that is developed by the federal courts, instead of by the courts of the various states... in other cases |
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| United States v. Carolene Products Co. United States v. Carolene Products Co. United States v. Carolene Products Company, 304 U.S. 144 , was an April 25, 1938 decision by the United States Supreme Court. The case dealt with a federal law that prohibited filled milk from being shipped in interstate commerce... |
interstate commerce, substantive due process, and (in footnote four) equal protection | |
| NLRB v. Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co. NLRB v. Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co. NLRB v. Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co. 304 U.S. 333 is a 7-0 decision by the United States Supreme Court which held that workers who strike remain employees for the purposes of the National Labor Relations Act . The Court granted the relief sought by the National Labor Relations Board, which sought... |
Striking workers continue to be employees within the meaning of the National Labor Relations Act, but use of strikebreaker Strikebreaker A strikebreaker is a person who works despite an ongoing strike. Strikebreakers are usually individuals who are not employed by the company prior to the trade union dispute, but rather hired prior to or during the strike to keep the organisation running... s is permissible |
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| Johnson v. Zerbst Johnson v. Zerbst Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458 , was a United States Supreme Court case, in which the petitioner, Johnson, had been convicted in federal court of feloniously possessing, uttering, and passing counterfeit money in a trial where he had not been represented by an attorney but instead by himself... |
Sixth Amendment Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution is the part of the United States Bill of Rights which sets forth rights related to criminal prosecutions... right to counsel Right to counsel Right to counsel is currently generally regarded as a constituent of the right to a fair trial, allowing for the defendant to be assisted by counsel , and if he cannot afford his own lawyer, requiring that the government should appoint one for him/her, or pay his/her legal expenses... in federal criminal cases |
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| Collins v. Yosemite Park & Curry Co. Collins v. Yosemite Park & Curry Co. Collins v. Yosemite Park & Curry Co., 304 U.S. 518 , is a court case in which the appellee, the Yosemite Park and Curry Co., brought this suit to enjoin the California State Board of Equalization and the State Attorney General from enforcing the 'Alcoholic Beverage Control Act' of the State of... |
Twenty-first Amendment Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution The Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution repealed the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which had mandated nationwide Prohibition... and the enforcement of state U.S. state A U.S. state is any one of the 50 federated states of the United States of America that share sovereignty with the federal government. Because of this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of domicile. Four states use the official title of... liquor laws in U.S. national parks National Park Service The National Park Service is the U.S. federal agency that manages all national parks, many national monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations... |
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| Kellogg Co. v. National Biscuit Co. Kellogg Co. v. National Biscuit Co. Kellogg Co. v. National Biscuit Co., 305 U.S. 111 , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that the Kellogg Company was not violating any trademark or unfair competition laws when it manufactured its own Shredded Wheat breakfast cereal, which had originally been invented by... |
patent Patent A patent is a form of intellectual property. It consists of a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for the public disclosure of an invention.... holder has no remedy in unfair competition law against competitor selling similar goods under a non-trademark Trademark A trademark, trade mark, or trade-mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual, business organization, or other legal entity to identify that the products or services to consumers with which the trademark appears originate from a unique source, and to distinguish its products or... ed name after patent expires—prelude to functionality doctrine Functionality doctrine In trademark law, the functionality doctrine prevents manufacturers from protecting specific features of a product by means of trademark law. This separates trademarks from patents — trademarks serve to protect a firm's reputation and goodwill, whereas patents serve to protect processes,... |
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| Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada, 305 U.S. 337 , was a United States Supreme Court decision holding that states that provide a school to white students must provide in-state education to blacks as well... |
chipping away at separate but equal Separate but equal Separate but equal was a legal doctrine in United States constitutional law that justified systems of segregation. Under this doctrine, services, facilities and public accommodations were allowed to be separated by race, on the condition that the quality of each group's public facilities was to... education Education Education in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts... |
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| United States v. Miller United States v. Miller United States v. Miller, 307 U.S. 174 , was the first Supreme Court of the United States decision to involve the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution. Miller is a controversial decision in the ongoing American gun politics debate, as both sides claim that it supports their... |
Second Amendment Second Amendment to the United States Constitution The Second Amendment to the United States Constitution is the part of the United States Bill of Rights that protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms. It was adopted on December 15, 1791, along with the rest of the Bill of Rights.In 2008 and 2010, the Supreme Court issued two Second... , right to bear arms |
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| Coleman v. Miller Coleman v. Miller Coleman v. Miller, is a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court which clarified that if the Congress of the United States—when proposing for ratification an amendment to the United States Constitution pursuant to Article V thereof—chooses not to specify a deadline within... |
length of time proposed Constitutional amendments remain pending | |
| Hague v. CIO | labor unions and freedom of assembly Freedom of assembly Freedom of assembly, sometimes used interchangeably with the freedom of association, is the individual right to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue and defend common interests... |
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| Schneider v. New Jersey | ||
1940–1949
| Case name | Citation | Summary |
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| Chambers v. Florida Chambers v. Florida Chambers v. Florida, 309 U.S. 227 , was an important United States Supreme Court case that dealt with the extent that police pressure resulting in a criminal defendant's confession violates the Due Process clause.-Case:... |
coerced confessions in a murder Murder Murder is the unlawful killing, with malice aforethought, of another human being, and generally this state of mind distinguishes murder from other forms of unlawful homicide... case |
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| Helvering v. Bruun Helvering v. Bruun Helvering v. Bruun, , was an income tax case before the Supreme Court of the United States. It is notable for the following holding:-Facts:... |
A landlord Landlord A landlord is the owner of a house, apartment, condominium, or real estate which is rented or leased to an individual or business, who is called a tenant . When a juristic person is in this position, the term landlord is used. Other terms include lessor and owner... realizes a taxable gain when he repossesses property improved by a tenant Leasehold estate A leasehold estate is an ownership of a temporary right to land or property in which a lessee or a tenant holds rights of real property by some form of title from a lessor or landlord.... |
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| Thornhill v. Alabama | free speech clause of First Amendment First Amendment to the United States Constitution The First Amendment to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights. The amendment prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion, impeding the free exercise of religion, abridging the freedom of speech, infringing on the freedom of the press, interfering... includes peaceful labor picketing |
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| Cantwell v. Connecticut Cantwell v. Connecticut Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310 U.S. 296 , was a United States Supreme Court decision that incorporated the First Amendment's protection of religious free exercise.-Background:... |
incorporated Free Exercise Clause | |
| United States v. American Trucking Associations United States v. American Trucking Associations United States v. American Trucking Associations, 310 U.S. 534 , was a landmark United States Supreme Court case which marked a shift from evaluating the "plain meaning" of statutes to a judicial effort to determine "legislative intent."... |
Motor Carrier Act of 1935 did not empower the Interstate Commerce Commission Interstate Commerce Commission The Interstate Commerce Commission was a regulatory body in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The agency's original purpose was to regulate railroads to ensure fair rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and to regulate other aspects of common carriers, including... to regulate all employees of common and contract motor carriers, but rather only those whose duties affect safety of operation |
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| Minersville School District v. Gobitis Minersville School District v. Gobitis Minersville School District v. Gobitis, , was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States involving the religious rights of public school students under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution... |
saluting the flag | |
| Hansberry v. Lee Hansberry v. Lee Hansberry v. Lee, , is a famous case now usually known in civil procedure for teaching that res judicata may not bind a subsequent plaintiff who had no opportunity to be represented in the earlier civil action. The facts of the case dealt with a racially restrictive covenant that barred African... |
res judicata Res judicata Res judicata or res iudicata , also known as claim preclusion, is the Latin term for "a matter [already] judged", and may refer to two concepts: in both civil law and common law legal systems, a case in which there has been a final judgment and is no longer subject to appeal; and the legal doctrine... may not bind a subsequent plaintiff Plaintiff A plaintiff , also known as a claimant or complainant, is the term used in some jurisdictions for the party who initiates a lawsuit before a court... who had no opportunity to be represented in the earlier civil action |
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| Helvering v. Horst Helvering v. Horst Helvering v. Horst, , is an opinion of the United States Supreme Court which further developed the “fruit-and-tree” metaphor established in Lucas v. Earl,... |
refinement of assignment of income doctrine Assignment of income doctrine The assignment of income doctrine is a judicial doctrine developed in United States case law by courts trying to limit tax evasion. The assignment of income doctrine seeks to "preserve the progressive rate structure of the Code by prohibiting the splitting of income among taxable... |
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| Sibbach v. Wilson Sibbach v. Wilson Sibbach v. Wilson, 312 U.S. 1 , was a decision by the United States Supreme Court in which the Court held that under American law important and substantial procedures are not substantive, rather they are still considered procedural, and federal law applies.This was a post-Erie decision,... |
Erie doctrine Erie doctrine In United States law, the Erie doctrine is a fundamental legal doctrine of civil procedure mandating that a federal court in diversity jurisdiction must apply state substantive law.... , applicability of Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Federal Rules of Civil Procedure The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure govern civil procedure in United States district courts. The FRCP are promulgated by the United States Supreme Court pursuant to the Rules Enabling Act, and then the United States Congress has 7 months to veto the rules promulgated or they become part of the... |
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| Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co. Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co. Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co., 312 U.S. 496 , was a case in which the United States Supreme Court determined that it was appropriate for United States federal courts to abstain from hearing a case in order to allow state courts to decide substantial Constitutional issues that touch upon... |
Abstention doctrine Abstention doctrine An abstention doctrine is any of several doctrines that a court of law in the United States of America might apply to refuse to hear a case, when hearing the case would potentially intrude upon the powers of another court... |
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| Cox v. New Hampshire Cox v. New Hampshire Cox v. New Hampshire, 312 U.S. 569 , was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that, although the government cannot regulate the contents of speech, it can place reasonable time, place, and manner restrictions on speech for the public safety... |
petitions on public property Public property Public property is property, which is dedicated to the use of the public. It is a subset of state property. The term may be used either to describe the use to which the property is put, or to describe the character of its ownership... |
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| United States v. Darby Lumber Co. United States v. Darby Lumber Co. United States v. Darby Lumber Co., 312 U.S. 100 , was a case in which the United States Supreme Court upheld the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, holding that the U.S. Congress had the power under the Commerce Clause to regulate employment conditions. The unanimous decision of the Court in this... |
power of the United States Congress United States Congress The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.... to regulate employment Employment Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. An employee may be defined as:- Employee :... conditions; Commerce Clause Commerce Clause The Commerce Clause is an enumerated power listed in the United States Constitution . The clause states that the United States Congress shall have power "To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes." Courts and commentators have tended to... |
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| United States v. Classic United States v. Classic United States v. Classic 313 U.S. 299 was a decision by the United States Supreme Court that the United States Constitution empowered Congress to regulate primary elections and political party nominations procedures—but only in cases where state law made primaries and nominations part of the... |