List of Umayyad Governors of Al-Andalus
Encyclopedia
In medieval history
, al-Andalus was the name given to the parts of the Iberian Peninsula
and Septimania
governed by Arab and North Africa
n Muslims
(given the generic name of Moors
), at various times in the period between 711 and 1492.
in Ifriqiya
. Most of the governors (wali
) of al-Andalus from 711 to 756 were deputies appointed by the governor in Kairouan
, although a significant number were chosen locally, with or without Kairouan's consent. Only one was a direct Caliphal appointee for Spain.
Key: All appointed by governor of Ifriqiya
except (*) elected internally by Andalusians; (**) appointed directly by Caliph; (***) forcibly imposed by Syrian regiments
The Ummayad dynasty was interrupted by the Hammudid dynasty
:
The Ummayad dynasty returned to power:
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
, al-Andalus was the name given to the parts of the Iberian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula , sometimes called Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes the modern-day sovereign states of Spain, Portugal and Andorra, as well as the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar...
and Septimania
Septimania
Septimania was the western region of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis that passed under the control of the Visigoths in 462, when Septimania was ceded to their king, Theodoric II. Under the Visigoths it was known as simply Gallia or Narbonensis. It corresponded roughly with the modern...
governed by Arab and North Africa
North Africa
North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, linked by the Sahara to Sub-Saharan Africa. Geopolitically, the United Nations definition of Northern Africa includes eight countries or territories; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Sudan, Sudan, Tunisia, and...
n Muslims
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
(given the generic name of Moors
Moors
The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of the Maghreb region who are predominately of Berber and Arab descent. They came to conquer and rule the Iberian Peninsula for nearly 800 years. At that time they were Muslim, although earlier the people had followed...
), at various times in the period between 711 and 1492.
Umayyad Governors of al-Andalus
In the administrative structure of the Umayyad Caliphate, al-Andalus was formally a province subordinate to KairouanKairouan
Kairouan , also known as Kirwan or al-Qayrawan , is the capital of the Kairouan Governorate in Tunisia. Referred to as the Islamic Cultural Capital, it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. The city was founded by the Arabs around 670...
in Ifriqiya
Ifriqiya
In medieval history, Ifriqiya or Ifriqiyah was the area comprising the coastal regions of what are today western Libya, Tunisia, and eastern Algeria. This area included what had been the Roman province of Africa, whose name it inherited....
. Most of the governors (wali
Wali
Walī , is an Arabic word meaning "custodian", "protector", "sponsor", or authority as denoted by its definition "crown". "Wali" is someone who has "Walayah" over somebody else. For example, in Fiqh the father is wali of his children. In Islam, the phrase ولي الله walīyu 'llāh...
) of al-Andalus from 711 to 756 were deputies appointed by the governor in Kairouan
Kairouan
Kairouan , also known as Kirwan or al-Qayrawan , is the capital of the Kairouan Governorate in Tunisia. Referred to as the Islamic Cultural Capital, it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. The city was founded by the Arabs around 670...
, although a significant number were chosen locally, with or without Kairouan's consent. Only one was a direct Caliphal appointee for Spain.
Key: All appointed by governor of Ifriqiya
Ifriqiya
In medieval history, Ifriqiya or Ifriqiyah was the area comprising the coastal regions of what are today western Libya, Tunisia, and eastern Algeria. This area included what had been the Roman province of Africa, whose name it inherited....
except (*) elected internally by Andalusians; (**) appointed directly by Caliph; (***) forcibly imposed by Syrian regiments
- Musa ibn Nusair al-Lakhmi, 712 - September 714 (also governor of IfriqiyaIfriqiyaIn medieval history, Ifriqiya or Ifriqiyah was the area comprising the coastal regions of what are today western Libya, Tunisia, and eastern Algeria. This area included what had been the Roman province of Africa, whose name it inherited....
) - Abd al-Aziz ibn MusaAbd al-Aziz ibn MusaAbd al-Aziz ibn Musa ibn Nusayr was the first governor of Al-Andalus, in modern-day Spain and Portugal. He was the son of Musa ibn Nusayr, the governor of Ifriqiya...
, September 714 - March 716 - Ayyub ibn Habib al-LakhmiAyyub ibn Habib al-LakhmiAyyub ibn Habib al-Lakhmi he was the 5th Umayyad Governor of Al-Andalus who succeeded his cousin Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa.He ruled for only 6 months,he moved to Cordoba and made it the Capital of Muslim Iberia instead of Toledo...
, March 716 - August 716 (*) - al-Hurr ibn Abd al-Rahman al-ThaqafiAl-Hurr ibn Abd al-Rahman al-ThaqafiAl-Ḥurr ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Thaqafī was an early Umayyad governor who ruled the Muslim province of Al-Andalus from between 716 to 718. He was the third successor to Musa bin Nusair, the North African governor who had directed the conquest of Visigothic Spain several years earlier in 711...
, August 716 - March 719 - al-Samh ibn Malik al-KhawlaniAl-Samh ibn Malik al-KhawlaniAl-Samh ibn Malik al-Khawlani was the Arab governor general of the Muslim occupied region of the Iberian Peninsula called Al-Andalus from between 718 and 721.He led a Muslim incursion into southern France in the early part of the 8th century...
, March 719 - June 721 (**) - Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd Allah al-GhafiqiAbdul Rahman Al GhafiqiAbdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi , also known as Abd er Rahman, Abdderrahman, Abderame, and Abd el-Rahman, led the Andalusian Muslims into battle against the forces of Charles Martel in the Battle of Tours on October 10, 732 AD. for which he is primarily remembered in the West...
, July 721 (*) - Anbasa ibn Suhaym al-KalbiAnbasa ibn Suhaym Al-KalbiAnbasa ibn Suhaym al-Kalbi was the Muslim wali of al-Andalus, also known as Moorish Hispania, from 721 to 726 CE....
, August 721 - January 726 - Udhra ibn Abd Allah al-FihriUdrra ben Abd Allah al-FihríUdrra ben Abd Allah al-Fihrí was Umayyad governor of Al Andalus in 726. He was succeeded by Yahya ibn Salama al-Kalbi.-References:...
, January 726 - March 726 (*) - Yahya ibn Salama al-Kalbi, March 726 - June 728
- Hudhaifa ibn al-Ahwas al-Ashja'i, June 728 - December 728
- Uthman ibn Abi Nisa al-Khathami, December 728 - April 729
- al-Haytham ibn Ubayd al-Kinani, April 729 - February 730
- Muhammad ibn Abd Allah al-Ashja'i, February 730 - March 730
- Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd Allah al-GhafiqiAbdul Rahman Al GhafiqiAbdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi , also known as Abd er Rahman, Abdderrahman, Abderame, and Abd el-Rahman, led the Andalusian Muslims into battle against the forces of Charles Martel in the Battle of Tours on October 10, 732 AD. for which he is primarily remembered in the West...
, March 730 - October 732 (2nd time, by appointment) - Abd al-Malik ibn Katan al-Fihri, December 732 - November 734
- Uqba ibn al-Hajjaj al-Saluli, November 734- December 740
- Abd al-Malik ibn Qatan al-Fihri, December 740 - March 742 (*)
- Balj ibn Bishr al-QushayriBalj ibn Bishr al-QushayriBalj ibn Bishr al-Qushayri ; was a Syrian Arab military commander in North Africa and Iberia, and briefly ruler of al-Andalus in 742....
, March 742 - August 742 (**/***, technically governor of IfriqiyaIfriqiyaIn medieval history, Ifriqiya or Ifriqiyah was the area comprising the coastal regions of what are today western Libya, Tunisia, and eastern Algeria. This area included what had been the Roman province of Africa, whose name it inherited....
) - Thalaba ibn Salama al-AmiliThalaba ibn Salama al-AmiliTha'laba ibn Salama al-Amili was a Arab military commander in Jordan, North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, and briefly ruler of al-Andalus from August 742 to May 743....
, August 742 - May 743 (***) - Abu al-Khattar al-Husam ibn Darar al-KalbiAbu l-Hattar al Husam ibn Darar al-KalbiAbu l-Hattar al Husam ibn Darar al-Kalbi was Umayyad governor of Al Andalus from May 743 until August 745. He was succeeded by Tuwaba ibn Salama al-Gudami....
, May 743 - August 745 - Thuwaba ibn Salama al-JudhamiTuwaba ibn Salama al-GudamiTuwaba ibn Salama al-Gudami was Umayyad governor of Al Andalus from August 745 until October 746. He was succeeded by Abd al-Rahman ibn Katir al-Lahmi.-References:...
, August 745 - October 746 (***) - Abd al-Rahman ibn Qatir al-LakhmiAbd al-Rahman ibn Katir al-LahmiAbd al-Rahman ibn Katir al-Lahmi was the penultimate Umayyad governor of Al Andalus from October 746 until January 747. He was succeeded by Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri.-References:...
, October 746 - January 747 (qadi, temporary) - Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-FihriYusuf ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-FihriYusuf ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri was Umayyad governor of Narbonne in Septimania and then from 747 to 756 governor of al-Andalus, ruling independently following the collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate in 750...
, January 747 - May 756 (*)
Umayyad Emirs of Córdoba
- Abd ar-Rahman IAbd ar-Rahman IAbd al-Rahman I, or, his full name by patronymic record, Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu'awiya ibn Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan was the founder of the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba , a Muslim dynasty that ruled the greater part of Iberia for nearly three centuries...
, 756–788 - Hisham IHisham IHisham I or Hisham Al-Reda was the second Umayyad Emir of Cordoba, ruling from 788 to 796 in the Al-Andalus .Hisham was born in Cordoba. He was the 1st son of Abd ar-Rahman I and his wife, Halul and the younger half brother of Suleiman. He built many mosques and completed the Mezquita. In 792 he...
, 788–796 - al-Hakam IAl-Hakam IAl-Hakam Ibn Hisham Ibn Abd-ar-Rahman I was Umayyad Emir of Cordoba from 796 until 822 in the Al-Andalus .Al-Hakam was the second son of his father, his older brother having died at an early age. When he came to power, he was challenged by his uncles Sulayman and Abdallah, sons of Abd ar-Rahman I...
, 796–822 - Abd ar-Rahman IIAbd ar-Rahman IIAbd ar-Rahman II was Umayyad Emir of Córdoba in the Al-Andalus from 822 until his death.He was born in Toledo, the son of Emir Al-Hakam I...
, 822–852 - Muhammad IMuhammad I of CórdobaMuhammad I was the Umayyad emir of Córdoba from 852 to 886 in the Al-Andalus .-Biography:Muhammad was born in Córdoba...
, 852–886 - al-MundhirAl-MundhirAl-Mundhir was Emir of Córdoba from 886 to 888. He was a member of the Umayyad dynasty of Al-Andalus , the son of Muhamad bin Abd al-Rahman.-Biography:...
, 886–888 - Abdallah ibn Muhammad, 888–912
- Abd ar-Rahman III, 912–929
Umayyad Caliphs of Córdoba
- Abd ar-Rahman III, as caliph, 929–961
- Al-Hakam IIAl-Hakam IIAl-Hakam II was the second Caliph of Cordoba, in Al-Andalus , and son of Abd-ar-rahman III . He ruled from 961 to 976....
, 961–976 - Hisham IIHisham IIHisham II was the third Caliph of Cordoba, of the Umayyad dynasty. He ruled 976–1009, and 1010–1013 in the Al-Andalus ....
, 976–1008 - Muhammad II, 1008–1009
- Sulayman II, 1009–1010
- Hisham IIHisham IIHisham II was the third Caliph of Cordoba, of the Umayyad dynasty. He ruled 976–1009, and 1010–1013 in the Al-Andalus ....
, restored, 1010–1012 - Sulayman II, restored, 1012–1016
- Abd ar-Rahman IVAbd ar-Rahman IVAbd ar-Rahman IV Mortada was the Caliph of Cordoba in the Umayyad dynasty of the Al-Andalus , succeeding Suleiman II, in 1018. That same year, he was murdered at Cadiz while fleeing from a battle in which he had been deserted by the very supporters which had brought him into power...
, 1017
The Ummayad dynasty was interrupted by the Hammudid dynasty
Hammudid dynasty
The Hammudid dynasty was a Zaydi Shia Muslim berberised dynasty of Arab origins, in the Caliphate of Córdoba region of Al-Andalus, in present day southern Spain...
:
- Ali ibn Hammud al-NasirAli ibn Hammud al-NasirAli ibn Hammud al-Nasir was the sixth Caliph of Córdoba from 1016 until his death. Of Berber origin, he was a member of the Hammudid dynasty of the Al-Andalus .-Biography:...
, 1016–1018 - Al-Qasim ibn Hammud al-Ma'muAl-Qasim ibn Hammud al-Ma'muAl-Qasim al-Mamun was caliph of Córdoba in Spain for two periods, 1018 to 1021, and again for a short time in 1023.This was during a short period when the caliphate was held by the Hammudid dynasty....
, 1018–1021 - Yahya ibn Ali ibn Hammud al-Mu'taliYahya ibn Ali ibn Hammud al-Mu'taliYahya ibn Ali ibn Hammud al-Mu'tali was Caliph of Cordoba in the Hammudid dynasty of the Al-Andalus for two times, from 1021 to 1023 and from 1025 to 1026. He was the son of caliph Ali ibn Hammud, of Hashemite origins.-Biography:He was governor of Ceuta from 1016, a title he received from his...
, 1021–1023 - Al-Qasim ibn Hammud al-Ma'muAl-Qasim ibn Hammud al-Ma'muAl-Qasim al-Mamun was caliph of Córdoba in Spain for two periods, 1018 to 1021, and again for a short time in 1023.This was during a short period when the caliphate was held by the Hammudid dynasty....
, 1023 (restored)
The Ummayad dynasty returned to power:
- Abd-ar-Rahman V, 1023–1024
- Muhammad IIIMuhammad III of CórdobaMuhammad bin 'Abd ar-Rahman bin 'Obayd Allah , known as Muhammad III was an Umayyad Caliph of Cordoba in the Al-Andalus . He ruled after the death of Abd ar-Rahman V from 1024 to 1025 when the people of Córdoba revolted against him and he was forced to leave the city. It is believed that he died...
, 1024–1025 - interreign of Yahya ibn Ali ibn Hammud al-Mu'tali, 1025–1026
- Hisham IIIHisham IIIHisham III was the last Umayyad ruler in the Al-Andalus , and the last person to hold the title Caliph of Cordoba....
, 1026–1031