List of Sultans of Sulu
Encyclopedia
This is a list of the rulers of the Sulu Sultanate
Sulu Sultanate
The Sultanate of Sulu Dar al-IslamSometimes known as the Royal Sultanate of Sulu or Sultanate of Sulu Darul Islam. was an Islamic Tausūgstate that ruled over many of the islands of the Sulu Sea, in the southern Philippines and several places in northern Borneo. The sultanate was founded in 1457...

. The Royal House of Sulu
Royal House of Sulu
The current ruling royal house of Sulu is the Royal House of Kiram. The Royal House of Kiram.descends from Sultan Jamalul Kiram I, who was the Sultan of Sulu from 1823–1844.Members of the royal house of Sulu....

 is a Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...

 royal house that governs over most Muslims in the Sulu Archipelago
Sulu Archipelago
The Sulu Archipelago is a chain of islands in the southwestern Philippines. This archipelago is considered to be part of the Moroland by the local rebel independence movement. This island group forms the northern limit of the Celebes Sea....

 in the Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...

. The current ruling Royal House of Sulu is the Royal House of Kiram.

History

Under a Treaty of 1851 between the Sultan of Sulu an Spain, Sulu Sultanate status resembled that of a Spanish Protectorate. The internal administration of Sulu, its customs, laws, and religion were fully respected and were not subject to Spanish jurisdiction.

The Sultanate of Sulu also claim sovereignty over certain territories which now is part of the Sabah
Sabah
Sabah is one of 13 member states of Malaysia. It is located on the northern portion of the island of Borneo. It is the second largest state in the country after Sarawak, which it borders on its southwest. It also shares a border with the province of East Kalimantan of Indonesia in the south...

 in Malaysia. While the sultanate is not an internationally recognized entity it enjoys some autonomy and influence in the Philippines, particularly among the Muslim population of the country.

In 1878 Gustavus Baron de Overbeck obtained a grant of these territories in Borneo from Sultan Jamalul A'Lam. The deed of cession dated 22 January, 1878, grants in perpetuity all the rights and powers belonging to the Sultan over the territories named in consideration of the payment to the grantor and its heirs and or successors of the sum of 5,000 dollars a year. The confirmatory deed dated 22 April, 1903, relates only to certain islands which had not been specifically named in the main deed. The consideration was a further payment of 300 dollars a year. Under that grant Sultan of Sulu remained his sovereignty rights over the territory of North Borneo

By the treaty of 1851 the Sultan of Sulu had acknowledged the sovereignty of the Spanish Government over Sulu, but any question of his power to make a valid cession of the territories named in the main deed of Cession was set at rest by a Protocol of 1885 signed on behalf of the British, Spanish and German Governments at Mardik on 7 March, 1885.

Article III of that Protocol reads:-
"The Spanish Government renounces, as far as regards the British Government, all claims of sovereignty over the territories of the Continent of Borneo, which belong, or which have been belonged in the past to the Sultan of Sulu (Jolo), and which comprise the neighbouring islands of Balambangan, banguey and Malawali, as well as all those comprised within a zone of three maritime leagues from the coast, and which form part of the territories administered by a company styled the British North Bonreo Company". Under that Protocol Sultan of Sulu remained his sovereignty rights over the territory of North Borneo.

In the Treaty of Paris (1898) whereby the Spanish surrendered their territory, ther boundary was stipulated to be nine miles off the coast of North Bonreo. In May 1899, Spain evacuated Sulu, and on 26th August, 1899, General Bates, of the United States army, concluded a treaty with Sultan Jamalul Kiram and the sovereignty of Sulu (excluding North Borneo) passed from Spain to the United States of America. Under that Treaty Sultan of Sulu remained his sovereignty rights over the territory of North Borneo.

The status of Sulu entirely changed in 1915. The Sultan had by then been shorn of all temporal power and retained only the empty title of Sultan and certain religious jurisdiction exercisable only by the consent of the parties. As United States of America was not interested about territory of North Borneo, de jure Sultan of Sulu remained his sovereignty rights over the territory of North Borneo.

After the death of Sultan Jamalul Kiram in 1936 the Philippine Government, the successors in sovereignty of the United States of America, decided not to recognise the continued existence of the Sulu Sultanate, according to a letter to the Governor of North Bonreo dated 28th July, 1936, from His Britannic Majesty's Consul General in Manila.

The abolition of the Sulu Sultanate did not abolish the Sultan nor his line of succession.

On 12 September 1962 Vice President and concurrently Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Philippines, Mr. Emmanuel Pelaez together with Sultan Moh. Esmail E. Kiram signed a "Instrument of cession of the territory of North Borneo by His Highness Sultan Moh. Esmail E. Kiram , Sultan of Sulu", under what Philippine Government again officially recognised the continued existence of the Sulu Sultanate and the office of Sultan of Sulu.

In 1974 President of the Republic of Philippines, His Excellency Ferdinand Marcos issued a Memo Order 427 under what on 24 May 1974 Datu Moh. Mahakuttah A. Kiram, the eldest son of Sultan Moh. Esmail E. Kiram, was crowned in the public coronation as Sultan of Sulu. This Memo Order states: "Whereas, the Government has always recognised the Sultanate of Sulu as the legitimate claimant to the historical territories of the Republic of Philippines".

List of Sultans of Sulu 1450-1936

The following list details the holders of the title Sultan
Sultan
Sultan is a title with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", and "dictatorship", derived from the masdar سلطة , meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who...

 between 1450 and 1936.
Sultan Details
1 Sultan Sharif ul-Hashim
1450–1480
The founder of the Sulu Sultanate whose proper name was Abu Bakr. He founded The Royal Sultanate of Sulu in 1457 and renamed himself Paduka Mahasari Maulana al-Sultan Sharif ul-Hashim. The "maulana" meaning protector (Arabic
Arabic language
Arabic is a name applied to the descendants of the Classical Arabic language of the 6th century AD, used most prominently in the Quran, the Islamic Holy Book...

), "paduka" being a local term for "master", and "mahasari" for "His Majesty". The Sharif is reported to have lived about thirty years in Buansa, the first seat of the sultanate, and his tomb is located in one of the slopes of nearby Mount Tumantangis.
2 Sultan Kamalud-Din
1480-1505
The son of the Sharif ul-Hashim who succeeded his father as sultan.
3 Sultan Alaud-Din
?
Sulu Genealogy suggests that he was a brother of Kamalud-Din. A son of Sultan Shariful-Hashim, but believed not to be proclaimed the "Sultan of Sulu."
4 Sultan Amirul-Umara
1505-1527
His title is believed to be the Arabic translation of Maharajah-di-rajah found as the fourth sultan in some tarsilas. Some Sulu genealogy
Genealogy
Genealogy is the study of families and the tracing of their lineages and history. Genealogists use oral traditions, historical records, genetic analysis, and other records to obtain information about a family and to demonstrate kinship and pedigrees of its members...

 do not mention him. Believed to be the Sultan Bolkiah
5 Sultan Muizzul-Mutawadi-in
1527-1548
He is the Maharaja
Maharaja
Mahārāja is a Sanskrit title for a "great king" or "high king". The female equivalent title Maharani denotes either the wife of a Maharaja or, in states where that was customary, a woman ruling in her own right. The widow of a Maharaja is known as a Rajamata...

h Upo (grandchild) of Sharif ul-Hashim. Some genealogy states that he succeeded to the sultanate upon the death of Kamalud-Din.
6 Sultan Nasirud-Din I
1548-1568
The son of Sultan Muizz ul-Mutawadi-in. His surname was Digunung or Habud, suggesting that he grew up in or ruled from the interior of Sulu.
7 Sultan Muhammad ul-Halim
1568-1596
The son of Sultan Nasirud-Din I. His other name was Pangiran Buddiman which was the name by which he was probably known.
8 Sultan Batara Shah Tengah
1596-1608
The son of Sultan Muhammad ul-Halim. "Batara" was a title used by Sulu rulers as early as the beginning of the fifteenth century, and Brunei
Brunei
Brunei , officially the State of Brunei Darussalam or the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace , is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo, in Southeast Asia...

 annals always referred to Sulu rulers by this term. Died without heir.
9 Sultan Muwallil Wasit I
1610-1650
The nephew of Sultan Batara Shah Tengah (the son of his sister who married Sultan Hassan of Brunei). He was known to Spaniards as Raja Bungsu. One of his daughters married Sultan Qudarat of Maguindanao
Maguindanao
Maguindanao is a province of the Philippines located in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao . Its capital is Shariff Aguak. It borders Lanao del Sur to the north, Cotabato to the east, and Sultan Kudarat to the south....

 while another daughter married Balatamay (Baratamay), the ruler of Buayan
Rajah Buayan, Maguindanao
Rajah Buayan is a municipality in the province of Maguindanao, Philippines.The municipality of Rajah Buayan was created under Muslim Mindanao Autonomy Act No. 166 dated October 28, 2002 and was ratified through plebiscite on September 4, 2004. It was carved out of the town of Sultan sa...

 in 1657. Around 1650, his son Bachtiar took over the sultanate.
10 Sultan Nasir ud-Din II
1645–1648
Son of Sultan Muwallil Wasit who reigned during the lifetime of his father following his father's defeat by the Spaniards. The throne reverted to his father after his brother, Sarikula, died in 1648.
11 Sultan Salahud-Din Bakhtiar
1649/50-1680
Known to Spanish authorities as Pangiran Bactial and to Dutch officials as Pangiran Batticale. After his death, he was called Marhum Karamat. Due to his father's old age as well as the number of his followers, he did not become sultan until around 1650, if not a year earlier. He installed the "3 Temporary Sultans of Sulu" to sit on the Sulu throne from 1680-1685 due to the very young age of his son.
12 Sultan Ali Shah Not mentioned in the Sulu Genealogy but produced a permanent heir in Shahabud-Din (No. 15). His reign was short and peaceful.
13 Sultan Nur ul-Azam Daughter of Sultan Nasirud-Din II who was also known as Pangyan Ampay or Sitti Kabil (Arabic, meaning grand mistress) and ruled for four or five years. Some Sulus did not look with favor on her regime, being ruled under a woman.
14 Sultan Al Haqunu Ibn Wali ul-Ahad The name "Ibn Wali ul-Ahad" is Arabic for "son of the rajah muda" (heir apparent). Is speculated to be the son of Sarikula and helped govern with his cousin Sultan Salah ud-Din.
15 Sultan Shahabud-Din
1685-1710
The son of Salah ud-Din. It was he who killed Sultan Kahar ud-Din Kuda of Maguindanao in 1702 and "ceded" Palawan
Palawan
Palawan is an island province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region or Region 4. Its capital is Puerto Princesa City, and it is the largest province in the country in terms of total area of jurisdiction. The islands of Palawan stretch from Mindoro in the northeast to Borneo in the...

 to the Spanish government in 1705.
16 Sultan Mustafa Shafi ud-Din
1710-1718
The younger brother of Shahab ud-Din he was also known as Juhan Pahalawan. He abdicated the thrown in favor of his younger brother Badar ud-Din to avoid future dynastic troubles.
17 Sultan Badarud-Din I
1718-1732
The younger brother of the two previous sultans, he was known to different Spanish authors as "Bigotillos" or "Barbillas,"" or as "el Rey Viejo de Tawi-Tawi." His mother as a Tirun lady from the North East coast of Borneo. In 1732, a nephew (or grand nephew) contested his rule which led to his retirement to Tawi-Tawi
Tawi-Tawi
Tawi-Tawi is an island province of the Philippines located in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao . The capital of Tawi-Tawi is Bongao. The province is the southernmost of the country sharing sea borders with the Malaysian State of Sabah and the Indonesian East Kalimantan province. To the...

 where he was then known as Sultan Dungun. He died around 1740 in Dungun during the reign of his son Azimud-Din I.
18 Sultan Nasarud-Din
1732-1735
He was either a son or grandson (by a daughter) of Shahab ud-Din and was known to the Spaniards as Datu
Datu
Datu is the title for tribal chiefs, sovereign princes, and monarchs in the Visayas and Mindanao Regions of the Philippines. Together with Lakan , Apo in Central and Northern Luzon, Sultan and Rajah, they are titles used for native royalty, and are still currently used in the Philippines...

 Sabdula (Arabic, Abdullah). In 1731, he challenged the rule of Badar ud-Din, forcing the latter to take leave and retire in 1732. The intrigues of Badar ud-Din led to the proclamation of Azim ud-Din (a son of Badar ud-Din) as sultan in 1735. After a series of desultory skirmishes between the factions of Nasar ud-Din and Azim ud-Din, the former left for Maimbung where he generally remained till he died around 1735. He was also referred to as Dipatuan.
19 Sultan Alimud-Din I
1735-1748
1764–1773
Son of Badarud-Din. His father proclaimed him ruler in Tawi-Tawi in 1735. In 1736, after a few intrigues had paved the way, a number of Datus asked Alimud-Din to transfer his court from Dungun to Bauang (Jolo). But a political struggle in 1748 forced him to leave Jolo for Basilan and then Zamboanga. His younger brother, Datu Bantilan, was then proclaimed sultan. In the meantime, he went to Manila where he remained for sometime, including a few years of imprisonment. He returned an old man to Jolo in 1764. In the same year, on June 8, he was formally reinstated to the throne. In 1773, tired of affairs of state, he formally handed over the affairs of state to his son Muhammad Israil. He had two periods of reign; 1735–1748 and 1764-1773.
20 Sultan Bantilan Muizzud-Din
1748-1763
Known to Spanish officials and priests as Datu or Pangiran Bantilan. He was a younger brother of Alimud-Din-I.
21 Sultan Mohammad Israel
1773-1778
One of the sons of Alimud-Din I who abdicated his power to his son in November 1773, but did not formally assumed the reign early the next year. He was believed to have been poisoned by either the partisans of his cousin or the cousin, himself, Alimud-Din II(a son of Sultan Bantilan Muizzud-Din I), in 1778.
22 Sultan Alimud-Din II
1763–1764
1778-1789
The son of Muizzud-Din I who governed Sulu with his brother after the death of their father around the middle of 1763. By the end of that year, he had become, for all practical purposes, the Sultan. With the arrival of his uncle Alimud-Din I from Manila in 1764, whom he received well, Alimud-Din II left his followers for Parang. In 1778, he succeeded Muhammad Israil. He reigned up to his death in 1789.
23 Sultan Sharapud-Din
1789-1808
Another son of Alimud-Din I and lived a venerable old age. Ten years earlier the Spaniards were expecting him to die at any moment and were thus worried that a successor antagonistic to them might ascend the throne.
24 Sultan Alimud-Din III
1808
The son of Sharapud-Din. He died the same year as his father. According to a report, he reigned only for forty days. Most likely he died a smallpox
Smallpox
Smallpox was an infectious disease unique to humans, caused by either of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor. The disease is also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera, which is a derivative of the Latin varius, meaning "spotted", or varus, meaning "pimple"...

 epidemic that raged through Jolo that year.
25 Sultan Aliyud-Din I
1808-1821
The younger brother of Alimud-Din III.
26 Sultan Shakirul-Lah
1821-1823
The brother of Aliyud-Din I.
27 Sultan Jamalul-Kiram I
1823-1844
By some source his real name was Muwalil Wasit, he was the son of Alimuddin-III. Current ruling Royal House of Sulu
Royal House of Sulu
The current ruling royal house of Sulu is the Royal House of Kiram. The Royal House of Kiram.descends from Sultan Jamalul Kiram I, who was the Sultan of Sulu from 1823–1844.Members of the royal house of Sulu....

, Royal House of Kiram descends from him.
28 Sultan Moh. Pulalun Kiram
1844-1862
The son of Jamalul-Kiram I.
29 Sultan Jamalul A'Lam
1862-1881
On 22 January, 1878, he signed a treaty under what, the territory of North Borneo was leased to the British North Borneo Company. He was the son of Moh. Pulalun Kiram.
30 Sultan Badarud-Din II
1881-1884
The son of
Jamalul-A'Lam, died in 1884 without leaving any male heir.
31 Sultan Harun Ar-Rashid
1886-1894
A descendant of Alimud-Din I, through Datu Putong. Spanish intrigues led to his proclamation as sultan by a few Datus in 1886, although earlier in 1884, Jamalul Kiram, a younger brother of Badarud-Din II, had already been proclaimed as Sultan of Sulu. He never had support of the majority of the Sulu people neither Ruma Bichara. When it became apparent that he no longer served any purpose to Spanish officials, Harun ar-Rashid was persuaded to abdicate in 1894. This was a tacit admission on the part of Spanish authorities that Jamalul Kiram was the real Sultan of Sulu. Harun ar-Rashid retired to Palawan where he died in April 1899.
32 Sultan Jamalul-Kiram II
1894-1936
The younger brother of Badarud-Din II. He was proclaimed Sultan of Sulu by his direct followers in 1884 as the son of Jamalul A'Lam. By some source his real name was Amirul Kiram Awal-II. His proclamation as sultan was contested by Datu Aliud-Din, a grandson of Sultan Shakirullah, but without any success. Aliud-Din was forced to fly to Basilan. It was Harun ar-Rashid who tried to mediate between Amirul Kiram and Aliud-Din until the Spaniards thought it expedient to have Harun ar-Rashid to Sultan himself. The Spaniards were led eventually to deal with Jamalul-Kiram II as the Sultan of Sulu in spite of his repeated refusal to go to Manila on a state visit. Jamalul-Kiram II died on June 7, 1936. In 1915, he virtually surrendered his political powers to the United States government under the 1915 Carpenter Agreement. Jamalul Kiram II died without leaving any children.

Sultans from 1936-1950

After the death of Sultan Jamalul Kiram in 1936 the Philippine Government, the successors in sovereignty of the United States of America, decided not to recognise the continued existence of the Sulu Sultanate, according to a letter to the Governor of North Bonreo dated 28th July, 1936, from His Britannic Majesty's Consul General in Manila. After that decision there appeared several legitimate claimants and pretenders to the throne of Sulu. During WWII, the Japanese and American forces took influence in the Sultanates affairs, each recognizing a pretender supportive of their agenda.
Sultans Details
1 Muwallil Wasit II
1936
He was the younger brother of Sultan Jamalul Kiram II and crown prince of the Sultanate. He was lawfully elected by the Ruma Bechara, the Datus and Sharifs as the new Sultan. Six months later and before the formal coronation ceremony took place, he was murdered. His legitimacy as the heir to the throne and his püosition as crown prince of Jamalul Kiram II was confirmed again by the Cession Court of North Borneo`s so-called McKaskie court rule in 1939, identifying his heirs as the owners of the territory of North Borneo.
2 Amirul Umara I
1937-1950
Husband of Dayang Dayang Piandao and recognised Sultan of Sulu by Japanese Government. Dayang Dayang Piandao was the daughter of Sultan Badarud-Din II and after death of his father she was adopted by Sultan Jamalul Kiram II. After death of Sultan Jamalul Kiram II, on 16 August 1937 Sessions Court of North Borneo granted her administration rights over the property and credits of Sultan Jamalul Kiram II, deceased.
3 Jainal Abirin
1937-1950
Born as Datu Tambuyong. Supported by the American Forces.

List of Sultans of Sulu 1950-1986

The following list details the holders of the title Sultan
Sultan
Sultan is a title with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", and "dictatorship", derived from the masdar سلطة , meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who...

 between 1950 to 1986, who are officially recognised by Philippine Government.
Sultan Details
33 Sultan Moh. Esmail E. Kiram I
1950-1974
He was the eldest son of Raja Muda Muwallil Wasit II and the legitimate successor of the Sultan of Sulu. Sultan Moh. Esmail E. Kiram granted authority to Philippine government under the administration of President Diosdado Macapagal on 12th of September 1962 and of President Ferdinand Marcos in 1972. Under above mentioned documents Philippine Government again officially recognised the continued existence of the Sulu Sultanate and the office of Sultan of Sulu. Datu Moh. Mahakuttah A. Kiram, Sultan Moh. Esmail E. Kiram's son was his Raja Muda.
34 Sultan Moh. Mahakuttah A. Kiram
1974-1986
He was the eldest son of Sultan Moh. Esmail E. Kiram and the legitimate successor to the throne. He is the last officially recognized Sultan of Sulu by the Ruma Bichara and by the Philippine government. Datu Moh. Mahakuttah A. Kiram was crowned as Sultan of Sulu on 24th of May 1974 through a presidential Memo Order 427, which was issued by President Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. was a Filipino leader and an authoritarian President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He was a lawyer, member of the Philippine House of Representatives and a member of the Philippine Senate...

. At the same time, Datu Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram, being 8 years old, was crowned beside his father as Raja Muda of Sulu. Under Memo Order 427, Philippine Government officially recognised the continued existence of the Sulu Sultanate and the office of Sultan of Sulu.

Sultans of Sulu from 1980 - present

After the death of Sultan Mahakutta Kiram, the Philippine government failed to formally recognize a new Sultan. Mahakutta`s Crown Prince Muedzul Lail Kiram, the heir to the throne according to the line of succession as recognized by the Philippine governments from 1915-1986, was 20 years old upon his father`s death. Due to his young age, he failed to claim the throne in a time of political instability in the Philippines that led to the peaceful revolution and removal of President Marcos. The gap in the leadership was filled by pretenders of rival branches. Therefore, the following Sultans were not crowned with the support of the Philippine government nor did receive a formal recognition from the federal government like their predecessors, until 1986. However, the Philippine government decided to deal with one or more of these pretenders regarding issues concerning the Sultanates affairs, appointed them into positions in the government or received them on a case to case basis and granted therefore a de facto recognition to their reign.
Sultans Details
1 Moh. Punjungan Kiram
1980-1983
Younger brother of Sultan Esmail E. Kiram I. On 11 October 1939, Sessions Court of North Borneo granted him administration rights over the property and credits of Raja Muda Muwallil Wasit II, deceased. Father of Jamalul Kiram III. and Ismael Kiram II. Punjungan was the Crown Prince regent of Sultan Esmail Kiram I. under the condition to transfer his rights to the son of the Sultan, when he is of legal age. Instead of resigning from his position, Punjungan exiled himself in Malaysia and later returned to contest the reign of Mahakutta Kiram, who had lawfully replaced him as Crown Prince.
2 Abirin, Aguimuddin
1983
3 Jamal ul-Kiram III
1983-1990
"Interim Sultan of Sulu" from 1974- 1981 (not recognized by the government). In 1986, he was crowned as the Sultan of Sulu. Eldest son of Punjungan Kiram, elder brother of Ismael Kiram II.
4 Mohammad Akijal Atti
1990-1999
5 Ismael Kiram II
1999-
Due to different regional spellings, as can be found on government and newspaper sites, his name appears as Esmail, Esmael, Ismail or Ismael. Second son of Punjungan Kiram and younger brother of Jamalul Kiram III.

Legitimate successor to the Sultan of Sulu from 1986-present

Raja Muda Details
1 Raja Muda Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram
1986-present
He is the eldest son, successor and heir of His Majesty late Sultan Moh. Mahakuttah A. Kiram, Sultan in the State of Sulu and all its districts and dependencies. On 24 May, 1974 he was crowned as Raja Muda beside his father in public coronation held in Sulu. This coronation took place under Memo Order 427, which was issued by His Excellency President Ferdinand Marcos, President of Philippines.

External links

  • Official links

The official website of Royal House of Sulu under the guidance of Raja Muda Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram of Sulu
Philippine Provincial Government of Sulu - The Official list of Sultans
Philippine National Historical Institute - Coronation of the current Sultan
The former official website of Ismael D. Kiram
The new official website of Ismael D. Kiram
  • News links
Sulu sultan’s ‘heirs’ drop Sabah claim - 2008-07-17
Who is the Real Sultan? - 2008-07-13
The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
x
OK