List of Russian biologists
Encyclopedia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n biologist
Biologist
A biologist is a scientist devoted to and producing results in biology through the study of life. Typically biologists study organisms and their relationship to their environment. Biologists involved in basic research attempt to discover underlying mechanisms that govern how organisms work...
s includes the famous biologists from the Russian Federation, the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
and other predecessor states of Russia. Biologists of all specialities may be listed here, including naturalist
Naturalist
Naturalist may refer to:* Practitioner of natural history* Conservationist* Advocate of naturalism * Naturalist , autobiography-See also:* The American Naturalist, periodical* Naturalism...
s, botanists, zoologists, paleontologists, biochemist
Biochemist
Biochemists are scientists who are trained in biochemistry. Typical biochemists study chemical processes and chemical transformations in living organisms. The prefix of "bio" in "biochemist" can be understood as a fusion of "biological chemist."-Role:...
s, physiologists and others.
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- Johann Friedrich AdamJohann Friedrich AdamJohann Friedrich Adam, later called Michael Friedrich Adams was a botanist from St. Petersburg, Russia....
, discoverer of the Adams mammothAdams mammothThe Adams mammoth is the name given to the first complete woolly mammoth skeleton, with skin and flesh still attached, to be recovered by European scientists. The mammoth remains were discovered in 1799 in northeastern Siberia by Ossip Shumachov, an Evenki hunter...
, the first complete woolly mammothWoolly mammothThe woolly mammoth , also called the tundra mammoth, is a species of mammoth. This animal is known from bones and frozen carcasses from northern North America and northern Eurasia with the best preserved carcasses in Siberia...
skeleton - Igor AkimushkinIgor AkimushkinIgor Ivanovich Akimushkin was a Russian zoologist and writer.Born in Moscow, he graduated the biological faculty of Moscow State University in 1952....
, notable biologistBiologistA biologist is a scientist devoted to and producing results in biology through the study of life. Typically biologists study organisms and their relationship to their environment. Biologists involved in basic research attempt to discover underlying mechanisms that govern how organisms work... - Vladimir Prokhorovich AmalitskiiVladimir Prokhorovich AmalitskiiVladimir Prokhorovich Amalitskii was a Russian Paleontologist and Professor at Warsaw University, who was involved in the discovery and excavation of the famous Late Permian fossil vertebrate fauna from the North Dvina River, Arkhangelsk District, Northern European Russia.He died in December 1917...
, notable paleontologist - Nicolai AndrusovNicolai Ivanovich AndrusovNicolai Ivanovich Andrusov was a Russian geologist, stratigrapher, and palaeontologist.He was born in Odessa, then a part of Russia. He studied geology and zoology at the Novorossia University in Odessa...
, notable palaeontologist - Andrey AvinoffAndrey AvinoffAndrey Avinoff sometimes referred to as Andrej Nikolajewitsch Avinoff or Andrei Avinoff, was a Russian entomologist and painter who became Director of the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh.He was especially interested in Lepidoptera among many other interests...
, notable entomologist
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- Karl Baer, naturalist, founder of the Russian Entomological SocietyRussian Entomological SocietyThe Russian Entomological Society is a Russian scientific society devoted to entomology.The Society was founded in 1859 in St. Petersburg by Karl Ernst von Baer , Johann Friedrich von Brandt who was then the director of the Zoological Museum of the Russian Academy of Science , Ya. A...
, formulated embryological Baer's laws - Alexander BarchenkoAlexander BarchenkoAlexander Vasilyevich Barchenko was a Russian biologist and researcher of anomalous phenomena from St. Petersburg. In 1904 Barchenko attended the medical faculty of Kazan University, but then entered Yuryev University...
, notable for his research of Hyperborea - Jacques von BedriagaJacques von BedriagaJacques Vladimir von Bedriaga; was a Russian herpetologist who was a native of the village Kriniz. He studied sciences at Moscow University under the direction of Anatoli Bogdanov , and afterwards moved to Germany, where he studied at the University of Jena with Ernst Haeckel and Carl Gegenbaur...
, prominent herpetologist, described Bedriaga's Rock LizardBedriaga's Rock LizardThe Bedriaga's Rock Lizard, Archaeolacerta bedriagae, is a species of lizard in the Lacertidae family. It is monotypic within the genus Archaeolacerta....
and Bedriaga's Skink - Andrey BelozerskyAndrey BelozerskyAndrey Nikolayevich Belozersky was a Soviet Russian biologist and biophysicist, a founder of molecular biology studies in the Soviet Union. He is founder and the namesake of the A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology of Moscow State University....
, founder of molecular biologyMolecular biologyMolecular biology is the branch of biology that deals with the molecular basis of biological activity. This field overlaps with other areas of biology and chemistry, particularly genetics and biochemistry... - Dmitry Belyaev, domesticated silver fox
- Lev Berg, ichthyologist of Central AsiaCentral AsiaCentral Asia is a core region of the Asian continent from the Caspian Sea in the west, China in the east, Afghanistan in the south, and Russia in the north...
and European RussiaEuropean RussiaEuropean Russia refers to the western areas of Russia that lie within Europe, comprising roughly 3,960,000 square kilometres , larger in area than India, and spanning across 40% of Europe. Its eastern border is defined by the Ural Mountains and in the south it is defined by the border with... - Yuli BerkovichYuli BerkovichYuli Berkovich is a scientist who has performed experiments with seed germination in zero gravity, among others, upon the International Space Station. The seedlings germinated, but died a few days later due to not having any soil or nutrients, and capillary action.-External links:**...
, experimented with seed germination in zero gravity - Nikolai BernsteinNikolai BernsteinNikolai Aleksandrovich Bernstein was a Soviet neurophysiologist.-Life:Bernstein was largely self-taught, yet his work was respected by his colleagues....
, neurophysiologist, coined the term biomechanicsBiomechanicsBiomechanics is the application of mechanical principles to biological systems, such as humans, animals, plants, organs, and cells. Perhaps one of the best definitions was provided by Herbert Hatze in 1974: "Biomechanics is the study of the structure and function of biological systems by means of... - Vladimir BetzVladimir BetzVladimir Alekseyevich Betz - Russian anatomist and histologist, professor of the Kiev University, famous for the discovery of giant pyramidal neurons of primary motor cortex....
, discovered giant pyramidal neurons of primary motor cortexPrimary motor cortexThe primary motor cortex is a brain region that in humans is located in the posterior portion of the frontal lobe. Itworks in association with pre-motor areas to plan and execute movements. M1 contains large neurons known as Betz cells, which send long axons down the spinal cord to synapse onto... - Anatoli Petrovich Bogdanov, notable biologistBiologistA biologist is a scientist devoted to and producing results in biology through the study of life. Typically biologists study organisms and their relationship to their environment. Biologists involved in basic research attempt to discover underlying mechanisms that govern how organisms work...
- Andrey BolotovAndrey BolotovAndrey Timofeyevich Bolotov was the most distinguished Russian agriculturist of the 18th century.Bolotov was born and spent most of his adult life in the family estate of Dvoryaninovo, in the Tula region to the south of Moscow. He was brought up by his parents in Livland, where his father's...
, major 18th century agriculturist, discovered dichogamyDichogamySequential hermaphroditism is a type of hermaphroditism that occurs in many fish, gastropods and plants. Here, the individual is born one sex and changes sex at some point in their life. They can change from a male to female , or from female to male...
, pioneered cross-pollination - August von Bongard, botanist of AlaskaAlaskaAlaska is the largest state in the United States by area. It is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait...
, discoverer of Sitka SpruceSitka SprucePicea sitchensis, the Sitka Spruce, is a large coniferous evergreen tree growing to 50–70 m tall, exceptionally to 95 m tall, and with a trunk diameter of up to 5 m, exceptionally to 6–7 m diameter...
and Red AlderRed AlderAlnus rubra, the Red alder, is a deciduous broadleaf tree native to western North America.-Description:It is the largest species of alder in North America and one of the largest in the world, reaching heights of 20–35 m. The official tallest red alder stands 32 meters tall in Clatsop County, Oregon... - Antonina Borissova, notable botanist
- Zinaida BotschantzevaZinaida BotschantzevaZinaida Petrovna Botschantzeva was a Russian botanist and embryologist, professor of the Tashkent university....
, notable botanist - Alexander Bunge, major botanist of SiberiaSiberiaSiberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...
(especially Altai) - Alexey BystrowAlexey BystrowAlexey Petrovich Bystrow, sometimes spelled Alexey Petrovich Bystrov and Aleksei Petrovich Bystrow, was a Russian paleontologist, anatomist, and histologist.- Biography :...
, notable paleontologist
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- Alexander CatschAlexander CatschAlexander Catsch was a German-Russian medical doctor and radiation biologist. Up to the end of World War II, he worked in Nikolaj Vladimirovich Timefeev-Resovskij’s Abteilung für Experimentelle Genetik at the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Hirnforschung...
, notable medical doctor and radiation biologist - Mikhail ChailakhyanMikhail ChailakhyanMikhail Khristoforovich Chailakhyan was an Armenian-Russian scientist who is widely known for proposing the existence of a universal plant hormone that is involved in flowering. He named this hormone florigen in 1936. His studies included the mechanisms of flowering, tuberization and sex...
, researcher of flowering, described the florigenFlorigenFlorigen is the term used to describe the hypothesized hormone-like molecules responsible for controlling and/or triggering flowering in plants. Florigen is produced in the leaves and acts in the shoot apical meristem of buds and growing tips. It is known to be graft-transmissible and even...
hormone - Maria CherkasovaMaria CherkasovaMaria Cherkasova is a journalist, ecologist, and director of Centre for Independent Ecological Programmers . She is famous because of coordinating a 4-year campaign to stop construction of hydro-electric dam on the Katun River...
, notable ecologist - Evgeny ChernikinEvgeny ChernikinEvgeny Mikhailovich Chernikin was a Soviet/Russian zoologist and ecologist, known for his works in Barguzin Sable's ecology.- Biography :...
, notable biologistBiologistA biologist is a scientist devoted to and producing results in biology through the study of life. Typically biologists study organisms and their relationship to their environment. Biologists involved in basic research attempt to discover underlying mechanisms that govern how organisms work... - Feodosy ChernyshovFeodosy ChernyshovFeodósy Nikoláyevich Chernyshóv was a geologist and a paleontologist. Chernyshov was an Honorary Member of Russian and Foreign Learned Societies. Graduate of St. Petersburg Mining Institute in 1880, his field surveys led him to the study of stratigraphy of paleozoic deposits in the Ural Mountains...
, notable paleontologist - Sergei ChetverikovSergei ChetverikovSergei Sergeevich Chetverikov was one of the early contributors to the development of the field of genetics...
, pioneer of modern evolutionary synthesisModern evolutionary synthesisThe modern evolutionary synthesis is a union of ideas from several biological specialties which provides a widely accepted account of evolution... - Pyotr Chikhachyov, famous naturalistNaturalistNaturalist may refer to:* Practitioner of natural history* Conservationist* Advocate of naturalism * Naturalist , autobiography-See also:* The American Naturalist, periodical* Naturalism...
- Alexander ChizhevskyAlexander ChizhevskyAlexander Chizhevsky was a Soviet-era interdisciplinary scientist, a biophysicist who founded “heliobiology” and “aero-ionization”...
, founder of heliobiology and modern air ionification
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- Ilya DarevskyIlya DarevskyProfessor Ilya Sergeyevich Darevsky was a Soviet Russian zoologist-herpetologist and a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.-Early life and military career:...
, notable biologistBiologistA biologist is a scientist devoted to and producing results in biology through the study of life. Typically biologists study organisms and their relationship to their environment. Biologists involved in basic research attempt to discover underlying mechanisms that govern how organisms work... - Nikolay Dubinin, studied the genetic basis of the human individuality in different populations. Studied variability and heritability of neuro, and psychodynamic parameters
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- Vladimir EfroimsonVladimir Pavlovich EfroimsonVladimir Pavlovich Efroimson was one of the most prominent Soviet geneticists, a former student of Nikolai Koltsov, who was among the geneticists who had to struggle against the persecution of geneticists in the Soviet Union....
, Soviet geneticist - Kirill Eskov, famous biologist, discovered several new genera of spiders
- Eduard Eversmann, biologist and explorer, pioneer researcher of flora and fauna of Southern Russia
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- Andrey Famintsyn, plant physiologist, inventor of grow lamp, developer of symbiogenesisSymbiogenesisSymbiogenesis is the merging of two separate organisms to form a single new organism. The idea originated with Konstantin Mereschkowsky in his 1926 book Symbiogenesis and the Origin of Species, which proposed that chloroplasts originate from cyanobacteria captured by a protozoan...
theory - Mikhail A. FedonkinMikhail A. FedonkinDr. Mikhail Aleksandrovich Fedonkin is an awarding winning paleontologist specializing in documentation of the earliest animals' body fossils, tracks, and trails. He was the first to describe several fossils including Hiemalora, Onega stepanovi, and Nimbia occlusa.Fedonkin is fluent in English and...
, notable paleontologist - Yuri FilipchenkoYuri Filipchenkothumb|Yuri FilipchenkoYuri Filipchenko was a Russian entomologist and coiner of the terms microevolution and macroevolution. Mentor of Theodosius Dobzhansky...
, entomologist, coined the terms microevolutionMicroevolutionMicroevolution is the changes in allele frequencies that occur over time within a population. This change is due to four different processes: mutation, selection , gene flow, and genetic drift....
and macroevolutionMacroevolutionMacroevolution is evolution on a scale of separated gene pools. Macroevolutionary studies focus on change that occurs at or above the level of species, in contrast with microevolution, which refers to smaller evolutionary changes within a species or population.The process of speciation may fall...
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- Oleg GazenkoOleg GazenkoOleg Georgovitch Gazenko was a Russian scientist and the former director of Institute of Biomedical Problems in Moscow honoured with the Demidov Prize in 1998. One of the leading scientists behind the Soviet animals in space programmes, he selected and trained Laika, the dog who flew on the...
, notable zoologist - Johann Georg GmelinJohann Georg GmelinJohann Georg Gmelin was a German naturalist, botanist and geographer.- Early life and education :Gmelin was born in Tübingen, the son of an professor at the University of Tübingen. He was a gifted child and begun attending university lectures at the age of 14. In 1727, he graduated with a medical...
, the first researcher of SiberiaSiberiaSiberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...
n flora - Vadim G. GratshevVadim G. GratshevVadim G. Gratshev was one of world leading experts in palaeoentomology. Vadim graduated from the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute in 1987 and taught biology at a high school for three years until 1989...
, notable paleontologist - Viktor GrebennikovViktor GrebennikovViktor Stepanovich Grebennikov was a Russian scientist, naturalist and entomologist who claimed to have invented a levitation platform which operated by virtue of insect body parts attached to the underside. Grebennikov wrote detailed accounts of his 1988 discovery, which involved an accident...
, naturalistNaturalistNaturalist may refer to:* Practitioner of natural history* Conservationist* Advocate of naturalism * Naturalist , autobiography-See also:* The American Naturalist, periodical* Naturalism...
and entomologist, allegedly invented a levitation platform which operated by virtue of insect body parts attached to the underside - Ilya Gruzinov, discovered the source for deep vocal sound is the membraneMembrane-In biology:* Biological membrane* Cell membrane, a biological type of Membrane ** Inner membrane** Outer membrane * The two fetal membranes** amnion** chorion* Basement membrane* Mucous membrane* Serous membrane...
- Grigory Grumm-GrzhimayloGrigory Grumm-GrzhimayloGrigory Yefimovich Grumm-Grzhimaylo was a Russian entomologist, best known for his expeditions to Central Asia , West Mongolia and Tuva, and the Russian Far East.-Life and work:...
, zoologist and geographer, obtained two Przewalski's HorsePrzewalski's HorsePrzewalski's Horse or Dzungarian Horse, is a rare and endangered subspecies of wild horse native to the steppes of central Asia, specifically China and Mongolia.At one time extinct in the wild, it has been reintroduced to its native habitat in Mongolia at the Khustain Nuruu...
s and more than 1000 bird specimens from his travels in Central Asia - Alexander GurwitschAlexander GurwitschAlexander Gavrilovich Gurwitsch was a Russian and Soviet biologist and medical scientist who originated the morphogenetic field theory and discovered the biophoton...
, originated the morphogenetic fieldMorphogenetic fieldIn developmental biology, a morphogenetic field is a group of cells able to respond to discrete, localized biochemical signals leading to the development of specific morphological structures or organs. The spatial and temporal extent of the embryonic fields are dynamic, and within the field is a...
theory and discovered the biophotonBiophotonA biophoton , synonymous with ultraweak photon emission, low-level biological chemiluminescence, ultraweak bioluminescence, dark luminescence and other similar terms, is a photon of light emitted from a biological system and detected by biological probes as part of the general weak electromagnetic...
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- Ilya IvanovIlya Ivanovich Ivanov (biologist)Ilya Ivanovich Ivanov was a Russian and Soviet biologist who specialized in the field of artificial insemination and the interspecific hybridization of animals. He was involved in controversial attempts to create a human-ape hybrid.-Biography:...
, researcher of artificial inseminationArtificial inseminationArtificial insemination, or AI, is the process by which sperm is placed into the reproductive tract of a female for the purpose of impregnating the female by using means other than sexual intercourse or natural insemination...
and the interspecific hybridization of animals, involved in controversial attempts to create a human-ape hybrid - Dmitry Ivanovsky, discoverer of virusVirusA virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Viruses infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea...
es
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- Hans JohansenHans JohansenHans Johansen was a Danish-Russian professor of zoology, first at Tomsk State University, later at the University of Copenhagen.-Life:...
, notable zoologist - Hermann JohansenHermann JohansenHermann Eduardovich Johansen was a Russian biologist and ornithologist. He graduated with a degree in zoology from Tartu University in 1889. He moved to Tomsk in 1893 and began teaching German, physics and natural history in the Alekseyev school. From 1899, he taught zoology and comparative...
, notable zoologist
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- Georgii KarpechenkoGeorgii KarpechenkoGeorgii Dmitrievich Karpechenko was a Russian and Soviet biologist. His name has sometimes been transliterated as Karpetschenko.G. D. Karpechenko worked on cytology and created several hybrids...
, inventor of rabbage, an early experimental allopolyploid and non-sterile hybrid obtained through crossbreeding of distant species) - Karl Fedorovich KesslerKarl Fedorovich KesslerKarl Fedorovich Kessler was a German-Russian zoologist and author of zoological taxa signed Kessler, who was mostly active in Kiev, Ukraine and conducted most of his studies of birds in Ukrainian regions of the Russian Empire - Kiev Governorate, Volyn Governorate, Kherson Governorate, Poltava...
, notable zoologist - Alexander KeyserlingAlexander KeyserlingAlexander Friedrich Michael Lebrecht Nikolaus Arthur, Graf von Keyserling was a Baltic German geologist and paleontologist...
, notable zoologist - Nikolai KoltsovNikolai KoltsovNikolai Konstantinovich Koltsov was a Russian biologist. He was one of the creators of modern genetics. Nikolai Koltsov was a teacher of Nikolay Timofeeff-Ressovsky.-Scientific career:...
, discoverer of cytoskeletonCytoskeletonThe cytoskeleton is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within a cell's cytoplasm and is made out of protein. The cytoskeleton is present in all cells; it was once thought to be unique to eukaryotes, but recent research has identified the prokaryotic cytoskeleton... - Vladimir KomarovVladimir Leontyevich KomarovVladimir Leontyevich Komarov was a Russian botanist.Until his death in 1945, he was senior editor of the Flora SSSR , in full comprising 30 volumes published between 1934–1960...
, plant geographer, President of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, founder of the Komarov Botanical InstituteKomarov Botanical InstituteThe Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences is a leading botanical institution in Russia, It is located on Aptekarsky Island in St. Petersburg, and is named after the Russian botanist Vladimir Leontyevich Komarov... - Aleksei Alekseevich KorotnevAleksei Alekseevich KorotnevAleksei Alekseevich Korotnev was a Russian zoologistKorotnev graduated from Moscow University in 1876 and gained his doctorate there in 1881. In 1887 he became a professor at the University of Kiev. In 1885 and in 1890-91 he he made extensive zoological collections in the Indian Ocean and Pacific...
, notable zoologist - Alexander KovalevskyAlexander KovalevskyAlexander Onufrievich Kovalevsky was a Russian embryologist who studied medicine at the University of Heidelberg and became professor at St Petersburg. He showed that all animals go through a period of gastrulation.- Bibliography :* Kowalevsky A. . "Les Hedylidés, étude anatomique"...
, embryologist, major researcher of gastrulationGastrulationGastrulation is a phase early in the embryonic development of most animals, during which the single-layered blastula is reorganized into a trilaminar structure known as the gastrula. These three germ layers are known as the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.Gastrulation takes place after cleavage... - Vladimir KovalevskyVladimir KovalevskyThis article is about the Russian statesman. For other people named Vladimir Kovalevsky, see Kovalevsky.Vladimir Ivanovich Kovalevsky was a Russian statesman, scientist and entrepreneur. He was the author of numerous articles and works on agricultural themes...
, studied the effect of meteorological, hydrological, and temperatureTemperatureTemperature is a physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses the common notions of hot and cold. Objects of low temperature are cold, while various degrees of higher temperatures are referred to as warm or hot...
factors on harvestHarvestHarvest is the process of gathering mature crops from the fields. Reaping is the cutting of grain or pulse for harvest, typically using a scythe, sickle, or reaper... - Alexey KondrashovAlexey KondrashovAlexey S. Kondrashov is a professor at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, MI.He has worked on a variety of subjects in evolutionary genetics...
, works on evolutionary geneticsEvolutionary geneticsEvolutionary genetics is the broad field of studies that attempts to account for evolution in terms of changes in gene and genotype frequencies within populations and the processes that convert the variation with populations into more or less permanent variation between species...
. Developed the deterministic mutation hypothesisEvolution of sexThe evolution of sexual reproduction is currently described by several competing scientific hypotheses. All sexually reproducing organisms derive from a common ancestor which was a single celled eukaryotic species. Many protists reproduce sexually, as do the multicellular plants, animals, and fungi...
explaining the maintenance of sexual reproduction, sympatric speciationSympatric speciationSympatric speciation is the process through which new species evolve from a single ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic region. In evolutionary biology and biogeography, sympatric and sympatry are terms referring to organisms whose ranges overlap or are even identical, so that...
, and evaluated mutationMutationIn molecular biology and genetics, mutations are changes in a genomic sequence: the DNA sequence of a cell's genome or the DNA or RNA sequence of a virus. They can be defined as sudden and spontaneous changes in the cell. Mutations are caused by radiation, viruses, transposons and mutagenic...
rates - August David KrohnAugust David KrohnAugust David Krohn was a Saint Petersburg born zoologist of German origin. He was the son of Abraham Krohn, the founder of Russia's first brewery, who had left the island of Rügen to serve in the court of Catherine the Great. He was the uncle of the fennoman folklorist Julius Krohn...
, pioneer in marine biology and published essential works on Chaetognatha (Arrow Worms) - Peter KropotkinPeter KropotkinPrince Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin was a Russian zoologist, evolutionary theorist, philosopher, economist, geographer, author and one of the world's foremost anarcho-communists. Kropotkin advocated a communist society free from central government and based on voluntary associations between...
, notable zoologist - Ludmila KuprianovaLudmila KuprianovaLudmila Andreyevna Kuprianova was a Soviet palynologist and Chairman of the Palynological Section of the All-Union Botanical Society . Her scientific career spanned more than 50 years, most of it associated with the Komarov Botanical Institute in Leningrad...
, notable botanist - Andrei KursanovAndrei KursanovAndrei Lvovich Kursanov was a Soviet physiologist and biochemist, academician ....
, major physiologist and biochemist - Sergei KurzanovSergei KurzanovSergei Kurzanov is a Russian paleontologist at the Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He is known mainly for his work in Mongolia and the ex-Soviet republics in Central Asia. In 1998, a species of iguanodont dinosaur from Mongolia was named Altirhinus kurzanovi in his...
, notable paleontologist - Nikolai Jakovlevice KusnezovNikolai Jakovlevice KusnezovNikolai Jakovlevice Kusnezov, also spelled Kusnetzov, Kusnetsov and Kuznetsov was a Russian entomologist, paleoentomologist and physiologist....
, notable entomologist
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- Alexander LebedevAlexander Nikolayevich LebedevAlexander Nikolayevich Lebedev was a Russian biochemist. He is known for his early experiments on the biochemical basis of behavior. Lebedev apprenticed as a student with physiologist and psychologist Ivan Pavlov, becoming familiar with various techniques involved used in behavioral psychology...
, known for his work on the biochemical basis of behavior - Olga LepeshinskayaOlga Lepeshinskaya (biologist)Olga Borisovna Lepeshinskaya born as Protopopova , was a Soviet biologist, a personal protegée of Vladimir Lenin, later Joseph Stalin, Trofim Lysenko and Alexander Oparin. She rejected genetics and was an advocate of spontaneous generation of life from inanimate matter.-Biography:Lepeshinskaya...
, advocate of spontaneous generationSpontaneous generationSpontaneous generation or Equivocal generation is an obsolete principle regarding the origin of life from inanimate matter, which held that this process was a commonplace and everyday occurrence, as distinguished from univocal generation, or reproduction from parent... - Ivan LepyokhinIvan LepyokhinIvan Ivanovich Lepyokhin was a Russian naturalist, zoologist, botanist and explorer....
, notable botanist - Peter LesgaftPeter LesgaftPeter Franzevich Lesgaft was a Russian teacher, anatomist, physician and social reformer. He was the founder of the modern system of physical education and medical-pedagogical control in physical training, one of founders of theoretical anatomy. P.F. Lesgaft Institute of Physical Culture in St...
, founder of the modern system of physical education, one of founders of theoretical anatomy - Vladimir Ippolitovich LipskyVladimir Ippolitovich LipskyVladimir Ippolitovich Lipsky was a Ukrainian scientist, botanist; a member of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and the Director of the Botanical Gardens of the Odessa University.- Birth and education :Vladimir was born on the 11th...
, notable botanist - Dmitry LitvinovDmitry LitvinovDmitry Ivanovich Litvinov was a Russian botanist responsible for the naming of a large variety of East European and Asian plants.Alternative spelling of the names: Dimitri Ivanovich Litvinov; Dmitrij Ivanovitsch Litwinow.-References:...
, notable botanist - Trofim LysenkoTrofim LysenkoTrofim Denisovich Lysenko was a Soviet agronomist of Ukrainian origin, who was director of Soviet biology under Joseph Stalin. Lysenko rejected Mendelian genetics in favor of the hybridization theories of Russian horticulturist Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin, and adopted them into a powerful...
, agronomist, developer of yarovization, infamous for lysenkoismLysenkoismLysenkoism, or Lysenko-Michurinism, also denotes the biological inheritance principle which Trofim Lysenko subscribed to and which derive from theories of the heritability of acquired characteristics, a body of biological inheritance theory which departs from Mendelism and that Lysenko named...
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- Evgeny MaleevEvgeny MaleevEvgeny Aleksandrovich Maleev was a Russian paleontologist who named the armoured dinosaur Talarurus, the fearsome Tarbosaurus, and the enigmatic Therizinosaurus. Maleev did research on Tarbosaurus brains by cutting open fossilized braincases with a diamond saw...
, discoverer of TalarurusTalarurusTalarurus is a genus of hippopotamus-sized ankylosaurid dinosaur with heavy armour and a club tail. It was named by Evgeny Maleev in 1952.-Age and location:...
, TarbosaurusTarbosaurusTarbosaurus is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur that flourished in Asia about 70 million years ago, at the end of the Late Cretaceous Period. Fossils have been recovered in Mongolia, with more fragmentary remains found further afield in parts of China. Although many species have been...
, and TherizinosaurusTherizinosaurusTherizinosaurus is a genus of very large theropod dinosaur. Therizinosaurus lived in the late Cretaceous Period , and was one of the last and largest representatives of its unique group, the Therizinosauria... - Carl MaximowiczCarl MaximowiczCarl Johann Maximowicz was a Russian botanist. Maximowicz spent most of his life studying the flora of the countries he had visited in the Far East, and naming many new species...
, pioneer researcher of the Far EastFar EastThe Far East is an English term mostly describing East Asia and Southeast Asia, with South Asia sometimes also included for economic and cultural reasons.The term came into use in European geopolitical discourse in the 19th century,...
ern floraFloraFlora is the plant life occurring in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring or indigenous—native plant life. The corresponding term for animals is fauna.-Etymology:... - Ilya Mechnikov, pioneer researcher of immune systemImmune systemAn immune system is a system of biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells. It detects a wide variety of agents, from viruses to parasitic worms, and needs to distinguish them from the organism's own...
, probiotics and phagocytosis, coined the term gerontologyGerontologyGerontology is the study of the social, psychological and biological aspects of aging...
, Nobel Prize in Medicine winner - Zhores MedvedevZhores MedvedevZhores Aleksandrovich Medvedev is a Russian biologist, historian and dissident. His twin brother is the historian Roy Medvedev.-Biography:Zhores Medvedev and his twin brother Roy Medvedev were born on 14 November 1925 in Tbilisi, Georgia, USSR....
, notable biologist - Ivan Vladimirovich MichurinIvan Vladimirovich MichurinIvan Vladimirovich Michurin , was a Russian practitioner of selection, Honorable Member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, and academician of the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agriculture....
, notable botanist - Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay, notable ethnologist
- Sergei MirkinSergei MirkinSergei Mirkin is a Russian-American molecular biologist. He holds the White Family Chair of Biology at Tufts University.-History:Sergei Mirkin was born in 1956 in Moscow, Russia. His father was a professional violin player. His mother gave up playing cello to be an engineer. In 1978, he received a...
, notable DNADNADeoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in...
researcher - Andrey Vasilyevich MartynovAndrey Vasilyevich MartynovAndrey V. Martynov was a Russian entomologist and palaeontologist, a founder of the Russian palaeoentomological school. Originally interested in caddisflies and crustaceans, he later turned his attention to the study of the extensive fossil insect deposits in the territory of the newly established...
, notable entomologistEntomologyEntomology is the scientific study of insects, a branch of arthropodology... - Mikhail MenzbierMikhail Aleksandrovich MenzbierMikhail Aleksandrovich Menzbier was a Russian ornithologist. Based in Moscow, he was a founding member of Russia’s first ornithological body, the Kessler Ornithological Society. One of his major areas of work was on the taxonomy of birds of prey...
, major ornithologist, discoverer of the Menzbier's MarmotMenzbier's MarmotThe Menzbier's Marmot is a species of rodent in the Sciuridae family. It is found in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. Its natural habitat is temperate grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss. Its name commemorates Russian zoologist Mikhail Aleksandrovich Menzbier.-References:*Thorington,... - Konstantin Merezhkovsky, major lichenologist, developer of symbiogenesisSymbiogenesisSymbiogenesis is the merging of two separate organisms to form a single new organism. The idea originated with Konstantin Mereschkowsky in his 1926 book Symbiogenesis and the Origin of Species, which proposed that chloroplasts originate from cyanobacteria captured by a protozoan...
theory, a founder of endosymbiosis theory - Ivan MichurinIvan Vladimirovich MichurinIvan Vladimirovich Michurin , was a Russian practitioner of selection, Honorable Member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, and academician of the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agriculture....
, pomologist, selectionSelectionIn the context of evolution, certain traits or alleles of genes segregating within a population may be subject to selection. Under selection, individuals with advantageous or "adaptive" traits tend to be more successful than their peers reproductively—meaning they contribute more offspring to the...
ist and geneticistGeneticistA geneticist is a biologist who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a researcher or lecturer. Some geneticists perform experiments and analyze data to interpret the inheritance of skills. A geneticist is also a Consultant or...
, practiced crossing of geographically distant plants, created hundreds of fruit cultivarCultivarA cultivar'Cultivar has two meanings as explained under Formal definition. When used in reference to a taxon, the word does not apply to an individual plant but to all those plants sharing the unique characteristics that define the cultivar. is a plant or group of plants selected for desirable...
s - Alexander Middendorf, zoologist and explorer, studied the influence of permafrostPermafrostIn geology, permafrost, cryotic soil or permafrost soil is soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years. Ice is not always present, as may be in the case of nonporous bedrock, but it frequently occurs and it may be in amounts exceeding the potential hydraulic saturation of...
on living beings, coined the term radulaRadulaThe radula is an anatomical structure that is used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared rather inaccurately to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus...
, prominent horse breeder - Victor Motschulsky, prominent coleopterologist (researcher of beetleBeetleColeoptera is an order of insects commonly called beetles. The word "coleoptera" is from the Greek , koleos, "sheath"; and , pteron, "wing", thus "sheathed wing". Coleoptera contains more species than any other order, constituting almost 25% of all known life-forms...
s) - Dmitrii MushketovDmitrii MushketovDmitrii Ivanovich Mushketov was a Russian geologist and paleontologist who was born in St Petersburg, the son of Ivan Vasil'yevich Mushketov, a famous explorer and professor at the Mining Institute...
, notable paleontologist
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- Sergei Navashin, discovered double fertilizationDouble fertilizationDouble fertilization is a complex fertilization mechanism that has evolved in flowering plants . This process involves the joining of a female gametophyte with two male gametes . It begins when a pollen grain adheres to the stigma of the carpel, the female reproductive structure of a flower...
- Alexander Mikhailovich NikolskyAlexander Mikhailovich NikolskyAlexander Mikhailovich Nikolsky was a Russian zoologist born in Astrakhan.From 1877 to 1881 he studied at the University of St. Petersburg, earning his doctorate several years later in 1887. From 1881 to 1891 he took part in numerous expeditions to Siberia, the Caucasus, Persia, Japan, et al. In...
, notable zoologist
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- Vladimir ObruchevVladimir ObruchevVladimir Afanasyevich Obruchev was a Russian and Soviet geologist who specialized in the study of Siberia and Central Asia. He was also one of the first Russian science fiction authors.- Scientific research :...
, notable paleontologist - Sergej OgnewSergej OgnewSergej Ivanovich Ognew was a Russian zoologist and naturalist, remembered for his work on mammalogy. He graduated from Moscow University in 1910, the same year in which he published his first monograph. In 1928, he was ranked a professor at the Pedagogical Institute. He published a variety of...
, notable for his work on mammalogyMammalogyIn zoology, mammalogy is the study of mammals – a class of vertebrates with characteristics such as homeothermic metabolism, fur, four-chambered hearts, and complex nervous systems... - Alexey OlovnikovAlexey OlovnikovAlexey Matveyevich Olovnikov is a Russian biologist. In 1973, he was the first to recognize the problem of telomere shortening, to predict the existence of telomerase, and to suggest the telomere hypothesis of aging and the relationship of telomeres to cancer He was not awarded a share of the...
, predicted existence of TelomeraseTelomeraseTelomerase is an enzyme that adds DNA sequence repeats to the 3' end of DNA strands in the telomere regions, which are found at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. This region of repeated nucleotide called telomeres contains non-coding DNA material and prevents constant loss of important DNA from...
, suggested the Telomere hypothesis of aging and the Telomere relations to cancer - Aleksandr OparinAleksandr OparinAlexander Ivanovich Oparin was a Soviet biochemist notable for his contributions to the theory of the origin of life, and for his authorship of the book The Origin of Life. He also studied the biochemistry of material processing by plants, and enzyme reactions in plant cells...
, biologist and biochemistBiochemistBiochemists are scientists who are trained in biochemistry. Typical biochemists study chemical processes and chemical transformations in living organisms. The prefix of "bio" in "biochemist" can be understood as a fusion of "biological chemist."-Role:...
, proposed the famous "Primordial soup" theory of life origin, showed that many food production processes are based on biocatalysisBiocatalysisBiocatalysis is the use of natural catalysts, such as protein enzymes, to perform chemical transformations on organic compounds. Both enzymes that have been more or less isolated and enzymes still residing inside living cells are employed for this task.... - Yuri Ovchinnikov, proponent of using molecular biologyMolecular biologyMolecular biology is the branch of biology that deals with the molecular basis of biological activity. This field overlaps with other areas of biology and chemistry, particularly genetics and biochemistry...
and geneticsGeneticsGenetics , a discipline of biology, is the science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms....
for creating new types of biological weapons
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- Heinz Christian PanderHeinz Christian PanderHeinz Christian Pander, aka Christian Heinrich Pander was a Baltic German biologist and embryologist who was born in Riga. In 1817 he received his doctorate from the University of Würzburg, and spent several years , performing scientific research from his estate in Carnikava on the banks of the...
, embryologist, discoverer of germ layers - Peter Simon PallasPeter Simon PallasPeter Simon Pallas was a German zoologist and botanist who worked in Russia.- Life and work :Pallas was born in Berlin, the son of Professor of Surgery Simon Pallas. He studied with private tutors and took an interest in natural history, later attending the University of Halle and the University...
, polymath naturalist and explorer, discoverer of multiple animals, including the Pallas's cat, Pallas's Squirrel, and Pallas's Gull - Vladimir PasechnikVladimir PasechnikVladimir Pasechnik was a senior Soviet biologist and bioweaponeer who defected to the UK in 1989, alerting Western intelligence to the vast scope of Moscow's clandestine biological warfare program, known as Biopreparat...
, notable biologistBiologistA biologist is a scientist devoted to and producing results in biology through the study of life. Typically biologists study organisms and their relationship to their environment. Biologists involved in basic research attempt to discover underlying mechanisms that govern how organisms work... - Ivan PavlovIvan PavlovIvan Petrovich Pavlov was a famous Russian physiologist. Although he made significant contributions to psychology, he was not in fact a psychologist himself but was a mathematician and actually had strong distaste for the field....
, founder of modern physiologyPhysiologyPhysiology is the science of the function of living systems. This includes how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and bio-molecules carry out the chemical or physical functions that exist in a living system. The highest honor awarded in physiology is the Nobel Prize in Physiology or...
, the first to research classical conditioningClassical conditioningClassical conditioning is a form of conditioning that was first demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov...
, Nobel Prize in Medicine winner - Alexander PetrunkevitchAlexander PetrunkevitchAlexander Ivanovitch Petrunkevitch was an eminent arachnologist of his time. From 1910 to 1939 he described over 130 spider species.-Biography:...
, eminent arachnologist of his time. Described over 130 spider species - Nikolay Pirogov, founded field surgery. Was one of the first surgeons in Europe to use ether as an anaesthetic
- Vladimir Pravdich-NeminskyVladimir Pravdich-NeminskyVladimir Pravdich-Neminsky was a Ukrainian physiologist who published the first EEG and the evoked potential of the mammalian brain. He was a representative of the Kazan and Kiev Physiological Schools.-Works:* Pravdich-Neminsky VV. Ein Versuch der Registrierung der elektrischen Gehirnerscheinungen...
, published the first EEGEEGEEG commonly refers to electroencephalography, a measurement of the electrical activity of the brain.EEG may also refer to:* Emperor Entertainment Group, a Hong Kong-based entertainment company...
and the evoked potentialEvoked potentialAn evoked potential is an electrical potential recorded from the nervous system of a human or other animal following presentation of a stimulus, as distinct from spontaneous potentials as detected by electroencephalography or electromyography .Evoked potential amplitudes tend to be low, ranging...
of the mammalian brain - Nikolai PrzhevalskyNikolai PrzhevalskyNikolai Mikhaylovich Przhevalsky and Prjevalsky, ; —), was a Russian geographer of Polish background and explorer of Central and Eastern Asia. Although he never reached his final goal, Lhasa in Tibet, he travelled through regions unknown to the west, such as northern Tibet, modern Qinghai and...
, explorer and naturalist, brought vast collections from Central Asia, discovered the only extant species of wild horsePrzewalski's HorsePrzewalski's Horse or Dzungarian Horse, is a rare and endangered subspecies of wild horse native to the steppes of central Asia, specifically China and Mongolia.At one time extinct in the wild, it has been reintroduced to its native habitat in Mongolia at the Khustain Nuruu...
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- Tikhon RabotnovTikhon RabotnovTikhon Alexandrovich Rabotnov was a Russian plant ecologist. He was professor and head of the Department of Geobotany at Moscow State University until 1981. He was a father figure to generations of Russian plant ecologists...
, made ground breaking studies in the regeneration of natural plant communities - Leonty RamenskyLeonty RamenskyLeonty Grigoryevich Ramensky was a Russian plant ecologist who conceived several important ideas that were overlooked in the West and later ’re-invented’ by western scientists....
, studied biotic communities - Alexandr Pavlovich Rasnitsyn, notable paleontologist
- Anatoly RozhdestvenskyAnatoly Konstantinovich RozhdestvenskyAnatoly Konstantinovich Rozhdestvensky was a Russian paleontologist responsible for naming many dinosaurs, including Aralosaurus and Probactrosaurus....
, discoverer of AralosaurusAralosaurusAralosaurus meaning "Aral Sea lizard", because it was found in the Aral Sea was a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur which lived during the Late Cretaceous of what is now Kazakhstan...
and ProbactrosaurusProbactrosaurusProbactrosaurus is an early herbivorous hadrosauroid iguanodont dinosaur. It lived in China during the Early Cretaceous period.... - Vasiliy E. RuzhentsevVasiliy E. RuzhentsevVasiliy Ermolayevich Ruzhentsev , was a Russian paleontologist, malacologist and geologist. From 1937 to 1978 he worked at the Paleontological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences. He had 117 publications of which 17 were monographs...
, notable paleontologist
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- Ivan Schmalhausen, developer of modern evolutionary synthesisModern evolutionary synthesisThe modern evolutionary synthesis is a union of ideas from several biological specialties which provides a widely accepted account of evolution...
- Leopold von SchrenckLeopold von SchrenckLeopold Ivanovich von Schrenck was a Russian zoologist, geographer and ethnographer.-Biography:Schrenck was a Baltic German born and brought up near Chotenj, south-west of St Petersburg. He received his doctorate from the University of Tartu, and then studied natural science in Berlin and Königsberg...
, ethnographer, zoologist, discovered the Amur sturgeonAmur sturgeonThe Amur sturgeon is a species of fish in the Acipenseridae family. It is found in China, Mongolia, Russia and Japan.-References:* Sturgeon Specialist Group 1996. . Downloaded on 3 August 2007....
, Manchurian Black Water Snake and Schrenck's BitternSchrenck's BitternVon Schrenck's Bittern , also known as Schrenck's Bittern, is a small bittern. It breeds in China and Siberia from March to July, and Japan from May to August. It winters in Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Laos, passing through the rest of South-east Asia... - Boris SchwanwitschBoris SchwanwitschBoris Nikolayevich Schwanwitsch , , was a Russian entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. He is best known for his studies of the colour pattern of the wings....
, entomologist, applied colour patterns of insect wings to military camouflageMilitary camouflageMilitary camouflage is one of many means of deceiving an enemy. In practice, it is the application of colour and materials to battledress and military equipment to conceal them from visual observation. The French slang word camouflage came into common English usage during World War I when the...
during World War IIWorld War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis... - Ivan SechenovIvan SechenovIvan Mikhaylovich Sechenov near Simbirsk, Russia – , Moscow), was a Russian physiologist, named by Ivan Pavlov as "The Father of Russian physiology"...
, founder of electrophysiologyElectrophysiologyElectrophysiology is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart...
and neurophysiologyNeurophysiologyNeurophysiology is a part of physiology. Neurophysiology is the study of nervous system function... - Andrey Semyonov-Tyan-ShanskyAndrey Semyonov-Tyan-ShanskyAndrey Petrovich Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky was a Russian entomologist specializing in beetles. He was the son of Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky.He entered the St. Petersburg University in 1885...
, notable entomologist - Aleksandr Grigorevich SharovAleksandr Grigorevich SharovAleksandr Grigorevich Sharov is a Russian palaeoentomologist, paleontologist and expert on Pterosauria. He worked during the 1960s and 1970s on the Karatau rocks and discovered many of the fossils, of which some have been named after him, as in the case of the Karatausuchus sharovi...
, notable paleontologist - Pyotr ShirshovPyotr ShirshovPyotr Petrovich Shirshov was a Ukrainian Soviet oceanographer, hydrobiologist, polar explorer, statesman, academician , and Hero of the Soviet Union .Pyotr Shirshov graduated from the Odessa Public Education Institute in 1929...
, hydrobiologist, participant of many arctic expeditions including the first drifting ice station, North Pole-1North Pole-1North Pole-1 was the first Soviet manned drifting station, primarily used for research.North Pole-1 was established on May 21, 1937, and officially opened on June 6, some from the North Pole by the expedition into the high latitudes Sever-1, led by Otto Schmidt. The expedition had been airlifted...
, researched planktonPlanktonPlankton are any drifting organisms that inhabit the pelagic zone of oceans, seas, or bodies of fresh water. That is, plankton are defined by their ecological niche rather than phylogenetic or taxonomic classification...
in polar regions and proved there is life in high altitudes of the Arctic OceanArctic OceanThe Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions...
, founded and headed the Shirshov Institute of OceanologyShirshov Institute of OceanologyShirshov Institute of Oceanology in Moscow, is the largest institute for ocean and earth science research, in Russia, established in 1946.- Fleet :* RV Akademik Ioffe... - Aleksandr Aleksandrovich ShmukAleksandr Aleksandrovich ShmukAleksandr Aleksandrovich Shmuk was a Soviet biochemist and recipient of the Stalin Prize in 1942.In 1913 Shmuk finished his studies at the Moscow Agricultural Academy. Between 1923 and 1937 he worked at the All-Union Institute of Tobacco and Low-Grade Tobacco while simultaneously holding a...
, studied the biochemistryBiochemistryBiochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes in living organisms, including, but not limited to, living matter. Biochemistry governs all living organisms and living processes...
of tobacco - Julian Ivanovitsch SiemaschkoJulian Ivanovitsch SiemaschkoJulian Ivanovitsch Siemaschko Siemaszko; 1821–1893) was a Russian zoologist and entomologist.He wrote Russkaya Fauna published in Saint Petersburg in 1850, the first work on Russian fauna to include the Caucasus.-References:...
, notable zoologist - Alexey SkvortsovAlexey SkvortsovAlexey K. SkvortsovA Russian botanist and naturalist, a specialist on amentiferous plants—willows , poplars , and birches as well as plants of the evening primrose family , A.K...
, notable botanist - Boris Sergeyevich SokolovBoris Sergeyevich SokolovBoris Sergeyevich Sokolov is a Russian geologist and paleontologist. Sokolov authored reference works on the stratigraphy of Eastern Europe, in particular the fossil coral records, and created the concept of Vendian period, currently recognized as largely overlapping, but not fully equivalent to...
, notable paleontologist - Alexander Spirin, made significant contributions to the biochemistryBiochemistryBiochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes in living organisms, including, but not limited to, living matter. Biochemistry governs all living organisms and living processes...
of nucleic acids, and protein biosynthesisProtein biosynthesisProtein biosynthesis is the process in which cells build or manufacture proteins. The term is sometimes used to refer only to protein translation but more often it refers to a multi-step process, beginning with amino acid synthesis and transcription of nuclear DNA into messenger RNA, which is then... - Yaroslav StarobogatovYaroslav StarobogatovYaroslav Igorevich Starobogatov was a Russian malacologist.He was a researcher of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences.- Taxa described :New taxa described by Yaroslav Igorevich Starobogatov include:- Taxa named in honour :...
, notable zoologist - Georg Wilhelm StellerGeorg Wilhelm StellerGeorg Wilhelm Steller was a German botanist, zoologist, physician and explorer, who worked in Russia and is considered the discoverer of Alaska and a pioneer of Alaskan natural history.-Biography:...
, naturalist, participant of Vitus BeringVitus BeringVitus Jonassen Bering Vitus Jonassen Bering Vitus Jonassen Bering (also, less correNavy]], a captain-komandor known among the Russian sailors as Ivan Ivanovich. He is noted for being the first European to discover Alaska and its Aleutian Islands...
's voyages, discoverer of Steller's JaySteller's JayThe Steller's Jay is a jay native to western North America, closely related to the Blue Jay found in the rest of the continent, but with a black head and upper body. It is also known as the Long-crested Jay, Mountain Jay, and Pine Jay...
, Steller's EiderSteller's EiderThe Steller's Eider is a medium-large sea duck that breeds along the Arctic coasts of eastern Siberia and Alaska. The lined nest is built on tundra close to the sea, and 6-10 eggs are laid....
, extinct Steller's Sea CowSteller's Sea CowSteller's sea cow was a large herbivorous marine mammal. In historical times, it was the largest member of the order Sirenia, which includes its closest living relative, the dugong , and the manatees...
and multiple other animals - Lina SternLina SternLina Solomonovna Stern was a notable Soviet biochemist, physiologist and humanist whose medical discoveries saved thousands of lives at the fronts of World War II...
, pioneer researcher of blood-brain barrierBlood-brain barrierThe blood–brain barrier is a separation of circulating blood and the brain extracellular fluid in the central nervous system . It occurs along all capillaries and consists of tight junctions around the capillaries that do not exist in normal circulation. Endothelial cells restrict the diffusion...
- Vladimir SukachevVladimir SukachevSukachev, Vladimir Nikolayevich – died February 9, 1967 in Moscow) is a Ukrainian-Russian geobotanist, engineer, geographer, corresponding member and full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences....
, notable geobotanist
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- Armen TakhtajanArmen TakhtajanArmen Leonovich Takhtajan or Takhtajian , was a Soviet-Armenian botanist, one of the most important figures in 20th century plant evolution and systematics and biogeography. His other interests included morphology of flowering plants, paleobotany, and the flora of the Caucasus...
, developer of Takhtajan systemTakhtajan systemA system of plant taxonomy, the Takhtajan system of plant classification was published by Armen Takhtajan, in several versions from the 1950s onwards. It is usually compared to the Cronquist system. Key publications:-External links:* Takhtajan system at...
of flowering plantFlowering plantThe flowering plants , also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants like the gymnosperms and can be distinguished from the gymnosperms by a series of synapomorphies...
classification, major biogeographer - Aleksandr TikhomirovAleksandr TikhomirovAleksandr Andreyevich Tikhomirov was a Russian zoologist. After graduating in the Saint Petersburg University and the Moscow University, Tikhomirov became a Professor of the last one and the director of zoological museum attached to it. His major works, containing anti-darwinism, concern the...
, notable zoologist - Kliment Timiryazev, plant physiologist and evolutionist, major researcher of chlorophyllChlorophyllChlorophyll is a green pigment found in almost all plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Its name is derived from the Greek words χλωρος, chloros and φύλλον, phyllon . Chlorophyll is an extremely important biomolecule, critical in photosynthesis, which allows plants to obtain energy from light...
- Nikolai Timofeeff-Ressovsky, major researcher of radiation genetics, population geneticsPopulation geneticsPopulation genetics is the study of allele frequency distribution and change under the influence of the four main evolutionary processes: natural selection, genetic drift, mutation and gene flow. It also takes into account the factors of recombination, population subdivision and population...
, and microevolutionMicroevolutionMicroevolution is the changes in allele frequencies that occur over time within a population. This change is due to four different processes: mutation, selection , gene flow, and genetic drift.... - Vladimir Andreevich TranzschelVladimir Andreevich TranzschelVladimir Andreevich Tranzschel was a Russian botanist, mycologist and plant pathologist, especially an expert on rust fungi.He graduated from Saint Petersburg University in 1889 and became an assistant at the Saint Petersburg Forestry Institute...
, mycologist. Expert on rust fungi - Lev TsenkovskyLev TsenkovskyLev Semyonovich Tsenkovsky was a Polish-Ukrainian botanist, protozoologist, bacteriologist, who was mostly active in Ukraine, then part of the Russian Empire...
, pioneer researcher of the ontogenesis of lower plants and animals - Mikhail TsvetMikhail Tsvet-External links:* * Berichte der Deutschen botanischen Gesellschaft 24, 316–323...
, inventor of chromatographyChromatographyChromatography is the collective term for a set of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures....
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- Nikolai VavilovNikolai VavilovNikolai Ivanovich Vavilov was a prominent Russian and Soviet botanist and geneticist best known for having identified the centres of origin of cultivated plants...
, botanist and geneticist, gathered the world's largest collection of plant seedSeedA seed is a small embryonic plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some stored food. It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant...
s, identified the centres of origin of main cultivated plants - Vladimir VernadskyVladimir VernadskyVladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky was a Russian/Ukrainian and Soviet mineralogist and geochemist who is considered one of the founders of geochemistry, biogeochemistry, and of radiogeology. His ideas of noosphere were an important contribution to Russian cosmism. He also worked in Ukraine where he...
, founded biogeochemistryBiogeochemistryBiogeochemistry is the scientific discipline that involves the study of the chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes and reactions that govern the composition of the natural environment...
. Pioneered research into the noosphereNoosphereNoosphere , according to the thought of Vladimir Vernadsky and Teilhard de Chardin, denotes the "sphere of human thought". The word is derived from the Greek νοῦς + σφαῖρα , in lexical analogy to "atmosphere" and "biosphere". Introduced by Pierre Teilhard de Chardin 1922 in his Cosmogenesis"... - Mikhail VoroninMikhail Stepanovich VoroninMikhail Stepanovich Voronin was a prominent Russian biologist , with particular expertise in fungi....
, major researcher of fungi and plant pathology - Olga VinogradovaOlga VinogradovaProfessor Olga S. Vinogradova was a specialist in Russian cognitive neuroscience. In 1969 she founded the Laboratory of Systemic Organization of Neurons in the Institute of Biological Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences and headed this Laboratory till the end of her life.From the early days of...
, accomplished neuroscientistNeuroscientistA neuroscientist is an individual who studies the scientific field of neuroscience or any of its related sub-fields... - Sergey Vinogradsky, microbiologist, ecologist, and soil scientist, pioneered the biogeochemical cycleBiogeochemical cycleIn ecology and Earth science, a biogeochemical cycle or substance turnover or cycling of substances is a pathway by which a chemical element or molecule moves through both biotic and abiotic compartments of Earth. A cycle is a series of change which comes back to the starting point and which can...
concept, discovered lithotrophy and chemosynthesisChemosynthesisIn biochemistry, chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of one or more carbon molecules and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic molecules or methane as a source of energy, rather than sunlight, as in photosynthesis...
, invented the Winogradsky columnWinogradsky columnThe Winogradsky column is a simple device for culturing a large diversity of microorganisms. Invented by Sergei Winogradsky, the device is a column of pond mud and water mixed with a carbon source such as newspaper blackened marshmallows or egg-shells and a sulfur source such as gypsum or...
for breeding of microorganismMicroorganismA microorganism or microbe is a microscopic organism that comprises either a single cell , cell clusters, or no cell at all...
s - Roman VishniacRoman VishniacRoman Vishniac was a Russian-American photographer, best known for capturing on film the culture of Jews in Central and Eastern Europe before the Holocaust. A complete archive of his work now rests at the International Center of Photography....
, accomplished biologist
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- Sergei WinogradskySergei WinogradskySergei Nikolaievich Winogradsky was a Ukrainian-Russian microbiologist, ecologist and soil scientist who pioneered the cycle of life concept. He discovered the first known form of lithotrophy during his research with Beggiatoa in 1887...
, microbiologistMicrobiologistA microbiologist is a scientist who works in the field of microbiology. Microbiologists study organisms called microbes. Microbes can take the form of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists...
, ecologist and soil scientist who pioneered the cycle of lifeBiogeochemical cycleIn ecology and Earth science, a biogeochemical cycle or substance turnover or cycling of substances is a pathway by which a chemical element or molecule moves through both biotic and abiotic compartments of Earth. A cycle is a series of change which comes back to the starting point and which can...
concept
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- Gennady YakovlevGennady YakovlevGennady Pavlovich Yakovlev Russian botanist.Director of Leningrad chemical-pharmaceutical Institute. Expert in Leguminosae taxonomy.-Plants authored by G. P. Yakovlev:* Acosmium panamense Yakovlev...
, notable botanist - Ivan Yefremov, paleontologist, sci-fi author, founded taphonomyTaphonomyTaphonomy is the study of decaying organisms over time and how they become fossilized . The term taphonomy was introduced to paleontology in 1940 by Russian scientist Ivan Efremov to describe the study of the transition of remains, parts, or products of organisms, from the biosphere, to the...
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- Sviatoslav ZabelinSviatoslav ZabelinSviatoslav Zabelin is a Russian biologist. He was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize in 1993 for his role in forming Russian environment policy.-References:...
, famous biologist. Awarded the Goldman Environmental PrizeGoldman Environmental PrizeThe Goldman Environmental Prize is a prize awarded annually to grassroots environmental activists, one from each of the world's six geographic regions: Africa, Asia, Europe, Islands and Island Nations, North America, and South and Central America. The prize includes a no-strings-attached award of... - Sergey ZimovSergey ZimovSergei Zimov is a Russian scientist who serves as the Director of the Northeast Science Station and is one of the founders of Pleistocene Park. He is best known for his work in advocating the theory that human overhunting of large herbivores during the Pleistocene caused Siberia’s grassland-steppe...
, creator of the Pleistocene ParkPleistocene ParkPleistocene Park is a nature reserve south of Chersky in the Sakha Republic in northeastern Siberia, where an attempt is being made to recreate the northern steppe grassland ecosystem that flourished in the area during the last ice age.-Goals:... - Nikolai ZografNikolai ZografNikolay Yuryevich Zograf was a Russian zoologist and anthropologist, Chevalier of the Order of Légion d'honneur.-References:...
, notable zoologist - Valeriy ZyuganovValeriy ZyuganovValeriy Valeryevich Zyuganov is a Soviet and Russian biologist, and Doctor of Biological Sciences. He is the pupil and follower of professors V.V. Khlebovich, and Yu. A...
, formulated the concept of freshwater pearl musselFreshwater pearl musselThe freshwater pearl mussel, scientific name Margaritifera margaritifera, is an endangered species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusc in the family Margaritiferidae....
- Atlantic salmonAtlantic salmonThe Atlantic salmon is a species of fish in the family Salmonidae, which is found in the northern Atlantic Ocean and in rivers that flow into the north Atlantic and the north Pacific....
symbiosisSymbiosisSymbiosis is close and often long-term interaction between different biological species. In 1877 Bennett used the word symbiosis to describe the mutualistic relationship in lichens...
See also
- List of biologists
- List of Russian physicians and psychologists
- List of Russian explorers
- List of Russian Earth scientists
- List of Russian scientists
- Science and technology in RussiaScience and technology in RussiaScience and technology in Russia developed rapidly since the Age of Enlightenment, when Peter the Great founded the Russian Academy of Sciences and Saint Petersburg State University and polymath Mikhail Lomonosov founded the Moscow State University, establishing a strong native tradition in...