List of Roman legions

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List of Roman legions

This is a list of Roman legion
Roman legion

The Roman Legion is a term that can apply both as a translation of legio to the entire Roman army and also, more narrowly , to the heavy infantry that was the basic military unit of the Roman army in the period of the late Roman Republic and the Roman Empire....
s, including key facts about each legion, primarily focusing on Principate

Principate

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Late Republican legions

Until the Marian reforms

Marian reforms

The Marian reforms of 107 BC were a group of military reforms initiated by Gaius Marius, a statesman and general of the Roman republic....
of 107 BC, the Republican

Roman Republic

The Roman Republic was the phase of the Ancient Rome characterized by a republican form of government; a period which began with the overthrow of the Roman Roman Kingdom, c....
legions were formed by compulsory levy of Roman citizens (who met a minimum property qualification) and raised whenever it was necessary. Usually they were authorised by the Roman Senate

Roman Senate

The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic. According to the Greek historian Polybius, our principal source on the Constitution of the Roman Republic, the Roman Senate was the predominant branch of government....
, and were later disbanded.

Gaius Marius

Gaius Marius

Gaius Marius was a Roman Republic general and politician elected consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. He was also noted for his dramatic Marian Reforms of Roman legion, authorizing recruitment of landless citizens and reorganizing the structure of the legions into separate Cohort ....
' reforms transformed legions into standing units, which could remain in being for several years, or even decades. This became necessary to garrison the Republic's now far-flung territories. Legionaries started large-scale recruiting of volunteer soldiers enlisted for a minimum term of six years and a fixed salary, although conscription was still practised. The property requirements, already much reduced, seem to have been abolished by Marius, so that the bulk of recruits were henceforth from the landless proletariat, who would be most attracted to the paid employment offered by the legions.

In the last century of the Republic, proconsuls governing frontier provinces became increasingly powerful. Their command of standing legions in distant and arduous military campaigns resulted in the allegiance of those units transferring from the Roman state to themselves. These imperatores (lit: victorious generals, from the title imperator

Imperator

The Latin word Imperator was a title originally roughly equivalent to commander during the period of the Roman Republic. It later went on to become a part of the titulature of the Roman Emperors as part of their cognomen....
they were hailed with by their troops) frequently fell out with each other and started civil wars to seize control of the state. e.g. Sulla, Caesar

Caesar

Caesar or C?sar may refer to the following:...
, Pompey

Pompey

Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, commonly known as Pompey /'p?mpi/, Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir , was a distinguished military and political leader of the late Roman Republic....
, Crassus, Mark Antony

Mark Antony

Marcus Antonius , known in English as Marc Antony, was a Roman Republic politician and General. He was an important supporter and the best friend of Julius Caesar as a military commander and administrator, being Caesar's second cousin, once removed, by his mother Julia Antonia....
and Octavian (later Augustus, the first Emperor himself. In this context, the imperatores raised many legions that were not authorised by the Senate, sometimes having to use their own resources (generally extorted from the provinces they controlled). As civil wars were resolved, many of these "private" units would be disbanded, only for more to be raised to fight the next civil war. By the time Augustus emerged as sole ruler in 30BC, over 50 legions were in existence, many of which were disbanded.

The legions included in the following list had a long enough history to be somehow remarkable. Most of them were levied by Julius Caesar and later included into Octavian's army, some of them were levied by Mark Antony.

Legio I Germanica
Legio I Germanica

Legio prima Germanica , was a Roman legion, possibly levied in 48 BC by Julius Caesar to fight for him in the civil war against Pompey. After the Batavian rebellion , the remaining men of the Germanica were added to Galba's seventh legion, which became Legio VII Gemina....
(Germanic): 48 BC–70
70

Year 70 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar....
(Batavian rebellion
Batavian rebellion

The Revolt of the Batavi took place in the Roman province of Germania Inferior between 69 and 70 AD. It was an uprising against Roman rule by the Batavi and other tribes in the province and in Gaul....
), Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar

'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
Legio II Sabina (Sabine): 43 BC to circa 9 AD, early name of the Legio II Augusta
Legio III Cyrenaica
Legio III Cyrenaica

Legio tertia Cyrenaica , a Roman province), was a Roman legion probably levied by Mark Antony around 36 BC, when he was governor of Cyrenaica....
(from Cyrenaica): probably around 36 BC to (at least) 5th century
5th century

The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini/Common Era....
, Mark Antony
Mark Antony

Marcus Antonius , known in English as Marc Antony, was a Roman Republic politician and General. He was an important supporter and the best friend of Julius Caesar as a military commander and administrator, being Caesar's second cousin, once removed, by his mother Julia Antonia....
Legio III Gallica
Legio III Gallica

Legio tertia Gallica was a Roman legion levied by Julius Caesar around 49 BC, for his Roman Republican civil wars against the conservative republicans led by Pompey....
(from Gallia): around 49 BC to at least early 4th century
4th century

As a means of recording the passage of time, the 4th century was that century which lasted from 301 to 400....
, Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar

'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
(emblem: bull
Taurus (astrology)

Taurus is the second astrological sign in the Zodiac, originating from the Taurus . In western astrology, this sign is no longer aligned with the constellation as a result of the Precession ....
)
Legio IV Macedonica
Legio IV Macedonica

Legio quarta Macedonica , was a Roman legion levied by Julius Caesar in 48 BC with Italia n legionary. The legion was disbanded in 70 by Emperor Vespasian....
(Macedonian): 48 BC–70
70

Year 70 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar....
(disbanded by Vespasian
Vespasian

Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Vespasian , was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 69 A.D. until his death in 79 A.D. Vespasian was the founder of the short lived Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 A.D....
), Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar

'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
(emblem: bull
Taurus (astrology)

Taurus is the second astrological sign in the Zodiac, originating from the Taurus . In western astrology, this sign is no longer aligned with the constellation as a result of the Precession ....
, capricorn
Capricorn

Capricorn may refer to:* Capricornus, one of the constellations of the zodiac* Capricorn , the sign represented by the above constellation* Capricorn , a manga series created by Johji Manabe...
)
Legio IV Scythica
Legio IV Scythica

Legio quarta Scythica was a Roman legion levied by Mark Antony around 42 BC, for his campaign against the Parthian Empire, hence its other cognomen, Parthica....
(from Scythia): around 42 BC to at least early 5th century
5th century

The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini/Common Era....
, Mark Antony
Mark Antony

Marcus Antonius , known in English as Marc Antony, was a Roman Republic politician and General. He was an important supporter and the best friend of Julius Caesar as a military commander and administrator, being Caesar's second cousin, once removed, by his mother Julia Antonia....
(emblem: capricorn
Capricorn

Capricorn may refer to:* Capricornus, one of the constellations of the zodiac* Capricorn , the sign represented by the above constellation* Capricorn , a manga series created by Johji Manabe...
)
Legio V Alaudae
Legio V Alaudae

Legio quinta Alaudae sometimes known as Gallica, was levied by Julius Caesar in 52 BC from native Gauls. Their emblem was an elephant, and their cognomen Alaudae came from the high crest on their helmets, typical of the Gauls, which made them look like larks....
(Larks): 52 BC–70
70

Year 70 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar....
(destroyed in the Batavian rebellion
Batavian rebellion

The Revolt of the Batavi took place in the Roman province of Germania Inferior between 69 and 70 AD. It was an uprising against Roman rule by the Batavi and other tribes in the province and in Gaul....
), Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar

'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
(emblem: elephant
Elephant

Elephants are large land mammals of the order Proboscidea and the family Elephantidae. There are three living species: the African Bush Elephant, the African Forest Elephant and the Asian Elephant ....
)
Legio VI Ferrata
Legio VI Ferrata

Legio VI Ferrata , was a Roman Legion formed in 65 BC, and in existence up to at least 215 AD. It served under Julius Caesar in the Gallic Wars , and in the various Roman civil wars of the Roman Republic in the years before and after Caesar's assassination ....
(Ironclad): 52 BC to after 250
250

Events...
, Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar

'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
(emblem: bull
Taurus (astrology)

Taurus is the second astrological sign in the Zodiac, originating from the Taurus . In western astrology, this sign is no longer aligned with the constellation as a result of the Precession ....
, wolf and Romulus
Romulus

Romulus may refer to any of these articles:...
and Remus
Remus

Remus could refer to any of the following:* Remus, twin brother of the mythical founder of Rome, Romulus ? see Romulus and Remus* Remus , the twin of the Romulans' fictional homeworld in Star Trek...
); twin legion of Legio VI Victrix
Legio VI Victrix

Legio sexta Victrix was a Roman legion founded by Augustus in 41 BC. It was the twin legion of Legio VI Ferrata and perhaps held veterans of that legion, and some soldiers kept to the traditions of the Caesarian legion....
Legio VII Claudia Pia Fidelis
Legio VII Claudia

[Image:Antoninianus-Gallienus-l7claudia-RIC 0348-j-v.jpg|thumb|300px|Gallienus coin, celebrating LEG VII CLA VI P VI F Legio septima Claudia was a Roman legion....
: 51
51 BC

Year 51 BC was a year of the Roman calendar....
–44 BC, Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar

'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
; disbanded and re-formed by Galba
Galba

Servius Sulpicius Galba , also called Servius Sulpicius Galba Caesar Augustus, was Roman Emperor from June 8, 68 until his death. He was the first emperor of the Year of the Four Emperors....
as Legio VII Gemina
Legio VII Gemina

Legio septima Gemina was a Roman legion; its full name was Legio VII Gemina Felix. VII Gemina dates back to the Year of the four emperors , when the governor of Hispania Tarraconensis, Galba, levied a legion to march on Rome....
Legio VIII Augusta: 59
59 BC

Year 59 BC was a year of the Roman calendar....
–48 BC, Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar

'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
, disbanded and re-enlisted by Augustus as Legio VIII Augusta
Legio IX Hispana
Legio IX Hispana

Legio nona Hispana , sometimes known as Legio IX Hispana was a Roman legion. The legion's symbol is unknown, likely a Taurus , as other legions created by Caesar....
Triumphalis (Triumphant): 59
59 BC

Year 59 BC was a year of the Roman calendar....
–48 BC, Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar

'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
, disbanded and re-enlisted by Augustus as Legio IX Hispana
Legio IX Hispana

Legio nona Hispana , sometimes known as Legio IX Hispana was a Roman legion. The legion's symbol is unknown, likely a Taurus , as other legions created by Caesar....
Legio X Equestris
Legio X Equestris

Legio X Equestris was a Roman legion, levied by Julius Caesar. Legio X was the "most famous legion of its day", in part due to the fact that it took the leading role in most of Caesar's Gallic battles....
, also known as X Equestris (Mounted): before 58
58 BC

Year 58 BC was a year of the Roman calendar....
–45 BC, Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar

'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
, disbanded, reconstituted by Lepidus, incorporated into the Legio X Gemina
Legio X Gemina

Legio decima Gemina , was one of the four legions used by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, for his invasion of Gaul. There are still records of the X Gemina in Vienna in the beginning of the 5th century....
by Augustus.

Legio X Veneria (devoted to the goddess Venus): another name of X Equestris.

Legio XI: 58
58 BC

Year 58 BC was a year of the Roman calendar....
–45 BC, Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar

'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
(emblem: Neptune
Poseidon

In Greek mythology, Poseidon was the god of the sea and, as "Earth-Shaker," of earthquakes. The name of the god Nethuns in Etruscan mythology was adopted in Latin for Neptune in Roman mythology: both were sea gods analogous to Poseidon....
), disbanded, reconstituted by Augustus as Legio XI Claudia Pia Fidelis
Legio XI Claudia

Legio undecima Claudia was a Roman legion. XI Claudia dates back to the two legions recruited by Julius Caesar to invade Gallia in 58 BC, and it existed at least until early 5th century, guarding lower Danube in Durostorum ....
Legio XII Victrix (Victorious): 57 BC–45
45

Year 45 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar....
, Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar

'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....

Legio XII Antiqua (Ancient): reconstituted by Lepidus
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)

Marcus Aemilius Lepidus ,born ca 90 BC died 13 BC, was a patrician Ancient Rome politician of the 1st century BC who rose to become a member of the Second Triumvirate and Pontifex Maximus....
in 43 BC, named by Mark Antony
Mark Antony

Marcus Antonius , known in English as Marc Antony, was a Roman Republic politician and General. He was an important supporter and the best friend of Julius Caesar as a military commander and administrator, being Caesar's second cousin, once removed, by his mother Julia Antonia....
, included in Augustus army as Legio XII Fulminata
Legio XII Fulminata

Legio duodecima Fulminata , also known as Paterna, Victrix, Antiqua, Certa Constans, and Galliena, was a Roman legion, levied by Julius Caesar in 58 BC and which accompanied him during the Gallic wars until 49 BC....

Legio XIII Gemina
Legio XIII Gemina

Legio decima tertia Gemina , is one of the more historically remarkable Roman legions. It was one of Julius Caesar's key units in Gaul, and in the Roman Republican civil wars, and was the legion with which he famously crossing the Rubicon on January 10, 49 BC....
: 57
57 BC

Year 57 BC was a year of the Roman calendar....
–45 BC: Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar

'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
, later (41 BC) reconstituted as Legio XIII Gemina
Legio XIII Gemina

Legio decima tertia Gemina , is one of the more historically remarkable Roman legions. It was one of Julius Caesar's key units in Gaul, and in the Roman Republican civil wars, and was the legion with which he famously crossing the Rubicon on January 10, 49 BC....
by Augustus
Legio XVIII Libyca (from Libya): disbanded 31 BC, Mark Antony
Mark Antony

Marcus Antonius , known in English as Marc Antony, was a Roman Republic politician and General. He was an important supporter and the best friend of Julius Caesar as a military commander and administrator, being Caesar's second cousin, once removed, by his mother Julia Antonia....
Legio XXX Classica (Naval): 48
48 BC

Year 48 BC was a year of the Roman calendar....
–41 BC, Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar

'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....

Early Empire legions

CODES FOR ROMAN PROVINCES IN TABLE:

AEG Aegyptus
Aegyptus

In Greek mythology, Aegyptus is a descendant of the heifer maiden, Io , and the river-god Nilus , and was a king in Ancient Egypt. Aegyptos was the son of Belus and Achiroe, a naiad daughter of Nile....
(Egypt)
AFR Africa (Tunisia/Tripolitania)
AQ Aquitania
Gallia Aquitania

Gallia Aquitania was a province of the Roman Empire, bordered by the provinces of Gallia Lugdunensis, Gallia Narbonensis, and Hispania Tarraconensis....
(Aquitaine, France)
AR Arabia Petraea
Arabia Petraea

For the Achaemenid satrapy of Arabia, see Arabia Arabia Petraea, also called Provincia Arabia or simply Arabia, was a frontier Roman province of the Roman Empire beginning in the second century; it consisted of the former Nabataean kingdom in modern Jordan, southern modern Syria, the Sinai Peninsula and northwestern Saud...
(Jordan/Sinai)
BRIT Britannia
Roman Britain

Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and 410. The Romans referred to their province as Britannia....
(England/Wales)
CAP Cappadocia
Cappadocia

Cappadocia, Wikipedia:IPA for English /k?p?'do???/ , was an extensive inland district of Asia Minor . The name continued to be used in western sources and in the Christianity tradition throughout history and is still widely used as an international Tourism in Turkey concept to define a region of exceptional natural wonders characterized by...
(Central/Eastern Turkey)
DC Dacia
Dacia

In ancient geography, Dacia was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Greeks "Getae". Dacia was a large district of East-Central Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathian Mountains, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisia or Tisza, on the east by the Tyras or Dniester, now in eastern Moldova....
(Romania)
DLM Dalmatia
Dalmatia (Roman province)

Dalmatia was an ancient Roman province. Its name is probably derived from the name of an Illyrians called the Dalmatae which lived in the area of the eastern Adriatic coast in the 1st millennium BC....
(Croatia/Bosnia)
GAL Galatia
Galatia

Ancient Galatia was an area in the highlands of central Anatolia in modern Turkey. Galatia, an ancient region of Asia Minor, was named for the immigrant Gauls from Thrace , who settled here and became its ruling caste in the 3rd century BC....
(Ankara province Turkey)
GI Germania Inferior
Germania Inferior

Germania Inferior was a Ancient Rome Roman provinces located on the left bank of the Rhine, in today's southern and western Netherlands, parts of Flanders, and North Rhine-Westphalia left of the Rhine....
(S Netherlands/NW Rhineland)
GS Germania Superior
Germania Superior

Germania Superior , so called for the reason that it lay upstream of Germania Inferior, was a Roman province of the Roman Empire. It comprised the area of western Switzerland, the French Jura mountains and Alsace regions and south-western Germany....
(Alsace-Lorraine/S Rhineland)
HISP Hispania Tarraconensis
Hispania Tarraconensis

Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania. It encompassed much of the Mediterranean coast of Spain along with the central plateau and the north coast, and part of northern Portugal....
(most of Spain)
IT Italia
Italia (Roman province)

Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula....
(Italy)
JUD Judaea
Iudaea Province

Iudaea was a Roman province that extended over the former region of the Hasmonean and Herodian kingdoms of Israel. It was named after the tetrarchy of Judea of which it was an expansion, the latter name deriving from the Kingdom of Judah of the 6th century BCE....
(Israel/Palestine)
MAUR Mauretania
Mauretania

In Antiquity, Mauretania was originally an independent Berber people monarchy on the Mediterranean coast of north Africa , corresponding to western Algeria, northern Morocco and Spain Plazas de soberan?a....
(Algeria/Morocco)
MCD Macedonia
Macedonia (Roman province)

The Roman province of Macedonia was officially established in 146 BC, after the Roman general Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus defeated Andriscus of Macedon in 148 BC, and after the four client republics established by Rome in the region were dissolved....
(Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Republic of Macedonia)
MI Moesia Inferior
Moesia

Moesia was an ancient region and Roman province situated in the areas of modern Serbia, Bulgaria and Romania along the south bank of the Danube River....
(N Bulgaria/coastal Romania)
MS Moesia Superior
Moesia

Moesia was an ancient region and Roman province situated in the areas of modern Serbia, Bulgaria and Romania along the south bank of the Danube River....
(Serbia)
NR Noricum
Noricum

Noricum, in ancient history geography, was a Celtic kingdom stretching over the area of today's Austria and Slovenia. It became a Roman province of the Roman Empire....
(Austria)
PAN Pannonia
Pannonia

Pannonia is an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia....
(W Hungary/Slovenia)
RT Raetia
Raetia

File:REmpire Rhetia.pngRaetia was a Roman province of the Roman Empire, bounded on the west by the country of the Helvetii, on the east by Noricum, on the north by Vindelicia, and on the south by Cisalpine Gaul....
(Switzerland/Ger S of Danube)
SYR Syria
Syria (Roman province)

Syria was a Roman province, annexed in 64 BC by Pompey, as a consequence of his military presence after pursuing victory in the Third Mithridatic War....
(Syria/Lebanon)

**DIRECTORY OF ROMAN LEGIONS OF THE EARLY EMPIRE (units founded between 59BC and 250AD)**
Legion no & title	Main legionary base	Emblem	Date founded/ founder	Date disband	Castra legionaria (legion bases) * = main base. Start date 31BC if unspecified	Notes
I Adiutrix Legio I Adiutrix Legio prima Adiutrix , was a Roman legion formed in 68, possibly by Galba under orders of Nero. The last record mentioning the Adiutrix is in 344, when it was stationed at Brigetio , in the Roman province of Pannonia....	Szöny Szöny Szony is a town in Hungary... , Hungary	Capricorn Capricorn Capricorn may refer to:* Capricornus, one of the constellations of the zodiac* Capricorn , the sign represented by the above constellation* Capricorn , a manga series created by Johji Manabe...	68 Nero Nero Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus , born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also called Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus, was the fifth and final Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty....	444	70-86 Moguntiacum (GS); 86-mid 5thC Brigetio Komárom Kom?rom is a city in Hungary on the right bank of the Danube in Kom?rom-Esztergom county.The city of Kom?rom was formerly a separate suburban village called ?jszony.... * (PAN)	"Rescuer 1st". Was I classica (naval legion)
I Germanica Legio I Germanica Legio prima Germanica , was a Roman legion, possibly levied in 48 BC by Julius Caesar to fight for him in the civil war against Pompey. After the Batavian rebellion , the remaining men of the Germanica were added to Galba's seventh legion, which became Legio VII Gemina....	Bonn Bonn Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was the Capital of Germany West Germany from 1949 to 1990 and the official seat of government of united Germany from 1990 to 1999.... , Germany	Bull	48BC Caesar Julius Caesar 'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....	70 DD	to 16BC HISP; c5BC-70 Bonna Bonn Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was the Capital of Germany West Germany from 1949 to 1990 and the official seat of government of united Germany from 1990 to 1999.... * (GI)	Disbanded for cowardice in Batavi revolt Batavian rebellion The Revolt of the Batavi took place in the Roman province of Germania Inferior between 69 and 70 AD. It was an uprising against Roman rule by the Batavi and other tribes in the province and in Gaul....
I Italica Legio I Italica Legio prima Italica was a Roman legion levied by emperor Nero on September 22, 66 . There are still records of the I Italica in the Danube border in the beginning of the 5th century....	Svishtov Svishtov Svishtov is a town in northern Bulgaria, located in Veliko Tarnovo Province on the right bank of the Danube.The city is the third largest in Veliko Tarnovo Province after the towns of Veliko Tarnovo and Gorna Oryahovitsa.The town is also the administrative centre of Svishtov Municipality.... , Bulgaria	Boar	66 Nero Nero Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus , born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also called Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus, was the fifth and final Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty....	post 400	70-early 5thC Novae* (MI)	prima Italica:raised for aborted Caucasus Caucasus The Caucasus or Caucas is a geopolitical region located between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It is home to Europe's highest mountain .... war
I Macriana Legio I Macriana liberatrix Legio prima Macriana liberatrix was a Roman legion levied in Africa by the governor Lucius Clodius Macer in 68.The purpose of the legion was to join forces with Legio III Augusta in the rebellion of Galba against emperor Nero....			68 Macer Lucius Clodius Macer File:Silver denarius of Clodius Macer 68 CE.jpgLucius Clodius Macer was a legatus of the Roman Empire in Africa in the time of Nero. He revolted in May 68, cutting off the food supply of Rome, possibly at the instigation of Calvia Crispinilla....	69 DD	(Raised for mutiny against Nero Nero Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus , born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also called Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus, was the fifth and final Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.... by Macer, gov of AFR)	liberatrix: "Liberator 1st". Disbanded by Galba Galba Servius Sulpicius Galba , also called Servius Sulpicius Galba Caesar Augustus, was Roman Emperor from June 8, 68 until his death. He was the first emperor of the Year of the Four Emperors....
I Minervia Legio I Minervia Legio prima Minervia was a Roman legion levied by emperor Domitian in 82, for the campaign against the Germanic tribe of the Chatti. Its cognomen is related to the goddess Minerva, the legion's protector....	Bonn Bonn Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was the Capital of Germany West Germany from 1949 to 1990 and the official seat of government of united Germany from 1990 to 1999.... , Germany	Minerva Minerva Minerva was the Roman mythology name of Greek goddess Athena. She was considered to be the virgin goddess of warriors, poetry, medicine, wisdom, commerce, weaving,crafts, and the inventor of music....	82 Domitian Domitian Titus Flavius Domitianus , commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death. Domitian was the last emperor of the Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 and 96, encompassing the reigns of Domitian's father Vespasian , his elder brother Titus , and that of Domitian himself...	post 300	82-4thC Bonna Bonn Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was the Capital of Germany West Germany from 1949 to 1990 and the official seat of government of united Germany from 1990 to 1999.... * (GI)	"Minerva revering 1st"
I Parthica Legio I Parthica Legio prima Parthica was a Roman legion levied in 197 by the emperor Septimius Severus. The legion presence in the Middle East is recorded until the early 5th century....	Sinjar Sinjar Sinjar or Sindjar is the name of a region and a town in northwestern Iraq's Ninawa Governorate near the Syrian border. Its population at the time of the 2006 census was 39,875.... , Iraq	Centaur Centaur In Greek mythology, the centaurs are a race of creatures composed of part human and part horse. In early Attica Pottery of ancient Greece, they are depicted with the torso of a human joined at the waist to the horse's withers, where the horse's neck would be....	197 S. Severus Septimius Severus Lucius Septimius Severus was a Roman Empire general, and Roman Emperor from April 14 193 to 211. He was born in what is now the Libyan part of Rome's historic Africa Province, making him the first emperor to be born in the Roman province of Africa Province....	post 400	197-early 5thC Nisibis Nisibis Nusaybin is a city in Mardin Province, southeastern Turkey populated by Kurdish people, Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac people, Arabs.It is the ancient Mesopotamian city, which Alexander's successors refounded as Antiochia Mygdonia and is mentioned for the first time in Polybius' description of the march of Antiochus I against the Molon... * (SYR)	Raised for Parthian campaign 197
II Adiutrix Legio II Adiutrix Legio secunda Adiutrix , was a Roman legion levied by emperor Vespasian in 70, from Roman navy marines of the classis Ravennatis. There are still records of II Adiutrix in the Rhine border in the beginning of the 4th century....	Budapest Budapest Budapest is the Capitals of Hungary of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it serves as the country's principal political, cultural, commerce, Industry, and transportation center and is considered an important hub in Central Europe.... , Hung	Capricorn	70 Vespasian Vespasian Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Vespasian , was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 69 A.D. until his death in 79 A.D. Vespasian was the founder of the short lived Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 A.D....	269+ UF	70-87 BRIT; 87-106 MS; 106-min269 Aquincum Aquincum The ancient city of Aquincum was situated on the North-Eastern borders of the Pannonia province within the Roman Empire. The ruins of the city can be found today in Budapest, capital city of Hungary.... * (PAN)	Ex-naval legion. Lost in Danube wars 269-84?
II Augusta	Caerleon Caerleon Caerleon is a suburban village and Community , situated on the River Usk in the northern outskirts of the city of Newport, South Wales.It is a site of archaeological importance, being the site of a notable Roman Empire legionary Castra and an Iron Age hill fort.... , Wales	Capricorn	pre 9 Augustus	post 300	to c9AD HISP; 43-74 BRIT; 74-min255 Isca Augusta* (BRIT)	Defeated Boudica Boudica Boudica was a queen of the Iceni tribe of what is now known as East Anglia in England, who led an uprising of the tribes against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire.... 60. c395 at Rutupiae Rutupiae Rutupi? was the Ancient Rome name for Richborough near Sandwich, Kent, which they founded when they landed in England in AD 43. A major port of Roman Britain , it has many phases of Roman remains, collectively known as Richborough Fort or Richborough Roman Fort, still visible today and under the care of English Heritage.... (BRIT)
II Italica Legio II Italica Legio secunda Italica , was a Roman legion levied by emperor Marcus Aurelius in 165 together with Legio I Italica at a time when the Roman Empire was fighting both in Germania and in Parthia....	Enns Enns Enns may refer to:* Enns , Upper Austria, Austria* Enns , a surname* Enns River, a southern tributary of the Danube River... , Austria	She-Wolf	165 M Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death in 180. He was the last of the "Five Good Emperors", and is also considered one of the most important stoicism philosophy....	post 400	180-c400 Lauriacum Enns (city) Enns is a city in the Austrian state of Upper Austria, located 281 m above sea level on the river Enns , which forms the border to the state of Lower Austria.... * (NR)	Wolf suckling twins Romulus and Remus Romulus and Remus are the traditional Founding Fathers of Rome, appearing in Roman mythology as the twin sons of the Vestal Virgin Rhea Silvia, fathered by the god of war, Mars .... Rome's national emblem
II Parthica Legio II Parthica Legio secunda Parthica was a Roman legion levied by Emperor Septimius Severus in 197, for his campaign against the Parthian Empire, hence the cognomen Parthica....	Albano Laziale Albano Laziale Albano Laziale is a commune in the province of Rome, on the Alban Hills, in Lazio . It is also a suburb of Rome, which is 25 km distant.... , It	Centaur	197 S. Severus Septimius Severus Lucius Septimius Severus was a Roman Empire general, and Roman Emperor from April 14 193 to 211. He was born in what is now the Libyan part of Rome's historic Africa Province, making him the first emperor to be born in the Roman province of Africa Province....	post 350	197-218 Castra Albana Albano Laziale Albano Laziale is a commune in the province of Rome, on the Alban Hills, in Lazio . It is also a suburb of Rome, which is 25 km distant.... * (IT); 218-34 SYR; 238-c300 C. Albana	4thC recorded at Bezabde (SYR)
II Traiana Legio II Traiana Fortis Legio secunda Traiana Fortis, , was a Roman legion levied by emperor Trajan in 105, along with Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix, for the campaigns in Dacia....	Alexandria Alexandria Alexandria , with a population of 4.1 million, is the second-largest city in Egypt, and is the country's largest seaport, serving about 80% of Egypt's imports and exports.... , Egypt	Hercules Hercules Hercules is the Ancient Rome name for the mythical Ancient Greece hero Heracles, son of Zeus and the mortal Alcmene. Early Roman sources suggest that the imported Greek hero supplanted a mythic Italian shepherd called "Recaranus" or "Garanus", famous for his strength....	105 Trajan Trajan Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan , was a Roman Emperors who reigned from 98 until his death in 117. Born Marcus Ulpius Traianus into a nonpatrician family in the Hispania Baetica province , Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian, serving as a general in the Roman army along the Limes G...	post 400	125-5thC Alexandria Alexandria Alexandria , with a population of 4.1 million, is the second-largest city in Egypt, and is the country's largest seaport, serving about 80% of Egypt's imports and exports.... * (AEG)	secunda fortis "Trajan's valiant 2nd"
III Augusta	Batna Batna Batna or BATNA may refer to:Batna City, AlgeriaBatna Province, Algeria*Best alternative to a negotiated agreement... , Algeria	Pegasus Pegasus In Greek mythology, Pegasus was a winged horse sired by Poseidon, in his role as horse-god, and foaled by the Gorgon Medusa....	43BC Augustus	post 350	to20AD AFR; 20-75 Ammaedara 74-350+ Lambaesis Lambaesis Lambaesis, or Lambaesa, is a Ancient Rome ruin in Algeria, southeast of Batna City and west of Timgad, located next to the modern village of Tazoult.... * (MAUR)	Decimated Decimation (Roman Army) Decimation was a form of military discipline used by officers in the Roman Army to punish mutinous or cowardly soldiers. The word decimation is derived from Latin meaning "removal of a tenth."... for cowardice in Mauri Tacfarinas Tacfarinas was a Numidian deserter from the Roman army who led a loose coalition of Berber tribes in a war against the Romans in North Africa during the rule of emperor Tiberius .... war (18AD)
III Cyrenaica Legio III Cyrenaica Legio tertia Cyrenaica , a Roman province), was a Roman legion probably levied by Mark Antony around 36 BC, when he was governor of Cyrenaica....	Busra, Syria		36BC M Antony Mark Antony Marcus Antonius , known in English as Marc Antony, was a Roman Republic politician and General. He was an important supporter and the best friend of Julius Caesar as a military commander and administrator, being Caesar's second cousin, once removed, by his mother Julia Antonia....	post 400	to35AD Thebes Thebes, Egypt Thebes was a city in Ancient Egypt located about 800 km south of the Mediterranean, on the east bank of the river Nile . It was the capital of Waset, the fourth Upper Egyptian Nome .... 35-125 Alexandria Alexandria Alexandria , with a population of 4.1 million, is the second-largest city in Egypt, and is the country's largest seaport, serving about 80% of Egypt's imports and exports.... AEG; 125-5thC Bostra* AR	"3rd from Cyrene Cyrene Cyrene may refer to:* Cyrene , a Greek mythological figure* Cyrene, Libya, an ancient Greek colony in North Africa* The USS Cyrene , a motor torpedo boat tender... "
III Gallica Legio III Gallica Legio tertia Gallica was a Roman legion levied by Julius Caesar around 49 BC, for his Roman Republican civil wars against the conservative republicans led by Pompey....	Abila Abila Abila is the name of several places:CitiesAbila , also called Seleucia, northeast of Irbid, JordanAbilene *Abila Lysaniou, capital of ancient Abilene, northwest of Damascus, Syria... , Jordan	Two Bulls	49BC Caesar Julius Caesar 'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....	post 300	31BC-4thC Raphana Raphana Raphana, in present-day north of Jordan, was a city of the Decapolis. It is thought to lie north of Umm Qais in the Abilene .The city was the base camp of the Roman legions Legio III Gallica and of Legio XII Fulminata.... * (SYR)	tertia Gallica: "3rd from Gaul"
III Italica Legio III Italica Legio tertia Italica was a Roman legion levied by Marcus Aurelius around 165, for his campaign against the Marcomanni tribe. The cognomen Italica suggests that recruits were originally from Italy....	Regensburg Regensburg Regensburg is a city in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen River rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube.... , Ger	Stork	165 M Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death in 180. He was the last of the "Five Good Emperors", and is also considered one of the most important stoicism philosophy....	post 300	165-4thC Castra Regina Regensburg Regensburg is a city in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen River rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube.... * (RT)	Raised for war on Marcomanni Marcomanni The Marcomanni were a Germanic tribe, probably related to the Buri , Suebi or Suevi....
III Parthica Legio III Parthica Legio tertia Parthica was a Roman legion levied by Emperor Septimius Severus in 197, for his campaign against the Parthian Empire, hence the cognomen Parthica....	Ras-al-Ayn, Syria	Bull	197 S. Severus Septimius Severus Lucius Septimius Severus was a Roman Empire general, and Roman Emperor from April 14 193 to 211. He was born in what is now the Libyan part of Rome's historic Africa Province, making him the first emperor to be born in the Roman province of Africa Province....	post 400	197-4thC Resaena Resaena Resaena was the ancient name of the city of Ras al-Ayn, Syria.Resaena was close to the frontier between the Roman Empire and the Sassanid Empire, and saw the alternate domination of the two powers between the 2nd and 4th century.... * (SYR)	Raised for Parthian campaign 197

Legion no & title	Main legionary base	Emblem	Date founded/ founder	Date disband	Castra legionaria (legion bases) * = main base. Start date 31BC if unspecified	Notes
IV Flavia Felix Legio IV Flavia Felix Legio quarta Flavia Felix , was a Roman legion levied by Vespasian in 70, from the ashes of the Legio IIII Macedonica. The legion was active in Moesia in the first half of the 4th century....	Belgrade Belgrade Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. The city lies on international waterway, at the confluence of the Sava River and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkan Peninsula.... , Serbia Serbia Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....	Lion	70 Vespasian Vespasian Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Vespasian , was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 69 A.D. until his death in 79 A.D. Vespasian was the founder of the short lived Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 A.D....	pre 400	86-4thC Singidunum Singidunum Singidunum was an ancient Roman city, first settled by the Celts Scordisci tribe in the 3rd century BC, and later garrisoned and fortified by the Ancient Rome who romanized the name.... * (MS)	Vespasian's lucky 4th. Reformed IV Macedon
IV Macedon. Legio IV Macedonica Legio quarta Macedonica , was a Roman legion levied by Julius Caesar in 48 BC with Italia n legionary. The legion was disbanded in 70 by Emperor Vespasian....	Mainz, Germany	Bull	48BC Caesar Julius Caesar 'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....	70 DD	to 43AD HISP; 43-70 Moguntiacum* (GS)	Disbanded for cowardice in Batavi revolt Batavian rebellion The Revolt of the Batavi took place in the Roman province of Germania Inferior between 69 and 70 AD. It was an uprising against Roman rule by the Batavi and other tribes in the province and in Gaul....
IV Scythica Legio IV Scythica Legio quarta Scythica was a Roman legion levied by Mark Antony around 42 BC, for his campaign against the Parthian Empire, hence its other cognomen, Parthica....	cGaziantep, Turk	Capricorn	42BC M Antony Mark Antony Marcus Antonius , known in English as Marc Antony, was a Roman Republic politician and General. He was an important supporter and the best friend of Julius Caesar as a military commander and administrator, being Caesar's second cousin, once removed, by his mother Julia Antonia....	post 400	to 58AD MS; 68-5thC Zeugma Zeugma Zeugma is a figure of speech describing the joining of two or more parts of a sentence with a single common verb or noun. A zeugma employs both ellipsis, the omission of words which are easily understood, and Parallelism , the balance of several words or phrases.... * (SYR)	quarta scythica: "Scythian-conquering 4th"
V Alaudae Legio V Alaudae Legio quinta Alaudae sometimes known as Gallica, was levied by Julius Caesar in 52 BC from native Gauls. Their emblem was an elephant, and their cognomen Alaudae came from the high crest on their helmets, typical of the Gauls, which made them look like larks....	Xanten, Germany	Elephant	52BC Caesar Julius Caesar 'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....	70 XX	to 19BC HISP; c10BC-70AD Castra Vetera* (GI)	"Larks 5th" Feathers in helmet? XX by Batavi
V Macedonica Legio V Macedonica Legio quinta Macedonica was a Roman legion. It was probably originally levied by consul Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus and Augustus in 43 BC, and it existed in Moesia at least until 5th century....	Turda, Romania	Bull	43BC Augustus	post 400	6-101 Oescus Oescus Oescus, or Palatiolon Palatiolum, was an ancient town in Moesia, northwest of the modern Bulgarian city of Pleven, near the village of Gigen. It is a Dacian-Moesian toponym.... , 107-61 Troesmis Troesmis Troesmis was an ancient town in Scythia Minor. It was situated in what is now Romania.Constantine's Notitia Dignitatum show that during 337-361 here was the headquarter of legio II Herculia.... (MI); 166-274 Potaissa* (DC)	quinta macedonica: "5th from Macedonia"
VI Ferrata Legio VI Ferrata Legio VI Ferrata , was a Roman Legion formed in 65 BC, and in existence up to at least 215 AD. It served under Julius Caesar in the Gallic Wars , and in the various Roman civil wars of the Roman Republic in the years before and after Caesar's assassination ....	Galilee, Israel	She-Wolf	58BC Caesar Julius Caesar 'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....	250+ UF	to 71AD Raphana Raphana Raphana, in present-day north of Jordan, was a city of the Decapolis. It is thought to lie north of Umm Qais in the Abilene .The city was the base camp of the Roman legions Legio III Gallica and of Legio XII Fulminata.... (SYR); 135-250+ Caparcotna* (JUD)	"Ironclad 6th". XX at Battle of Edessa Battle of Edessa The Battle of Edessa took place between the armies of the Roman Empire under the command of Emperor Valerian and Sassanid Empire forces under King Shapur I in 259.... 260?
VI Hispana			post 212	250+ UF	unknown	Only 1 record. XX at Battle of Abrittus Battle of Abrittus The Battle of Abritus , also known as the Battle of Forum Terebronii, occurred in the Roman province of Moesia Inferior probably in July, 251, between the Roman Empire and a federation of "Scythians#Migration_period" tribesmen under the Goths King Cniva.... 251?
VI Victrix Legio VI Victrix Legio sexta Victrix was a Roman legion founded by Augustus in 41 BC. It was the twin legion of Legio VI Ferrata and perhaps held veterans of that legion, and some soldiers kept to the traditions of the Caesarian legion....	York, England	Bull	41BC Augustus	pre 400	to 70AD Leon León, Spain The city of Le?n is the capital of Le?n in the autonomous communities of Spain of Castile and Leon, in northwest Spain. Its population of 136,985 makes it the largest municipality in the province, accounting for over one quarter of the province's population.... (HISP); 71-122 GI; 122-c400 Eburacum* (BRIT)	"Victorious 6th" built Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall is a Rock and Sod fortification built by the Roman Empire across the width of what is now northern England. Begun in AD 122, during the rule of emperor Hadrian, it was the middle of three such fortifications built across Great Britain, the first being from the River Clyde to the River Forth under Agricola and the last the Ant... 122-32
VII Claudia Legio VII Claudia [Image:Antoninianus-Gallienus-l7claudia-RIC 0348-j-v.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Gallienus coin, celebrating LEG VII CLA VI P VI F Legio septima Claudia was a Roman legion....	Kostolac Kostolac Kostolac is a small Serbian town on the Danube river in the Branicevo District. The remains of the Roman capital of the province of Moesia Superior Viminacium are located near Stari Kostolac some 20km to the east of Kostolac.... , Serbia Serbia Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....	Bull	58BC Caesar Julius Caesar 'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....	c.400	to 9AD GAL; 9-58 DLM; 58-c400 Viminacium Viminacium Viminacium was a major city of the Roman Empire province of Moesia , and the capital of Moesia Superior. Viminacium was the base camp of Legio VII Claudia, and hosted for some time the Legio IIII Flavia Felix.... * (MS)	septima Claudia: title for crushing mutiny 42
VII Gemina Legio VII Gemina Legio septima Gemina was a Roman legion; its full name was Legio VII* Gemina Felix. VII Gemina* dates back to the Year of the four emperors , when the governor of Hispania Tarraconensis, Galba, levied a legion to march on Rome....	León, Spain		68 Galba Galba Servius Sulpicius Galba , also called Servius Sulpicius Galba Caesar Augustus, was Roman Emperor from June 8, 68 until his death. He was the first emperor of the Year of the Four Emperors....	c.400	75-c400 Castra Legionis León, Spain The city of Le?n is the capital of Le?n in the autonomous communities of Spain of Castile and Leon, in northwest Spain. Its population of 136,985 makes it the largest municipality in the province, accounting for over one quarter of the province's population.... * (HISP)	Raised in Spain by Galba for march on Rome
VIII Augusta	Strasbourg, Fr	Bull	59BC Caesar Julius Caesar 'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....	post 371	9-44 Poetovio PAN; 44-70 Novae MI; 70-371+ Argentorate* GS	octava Augusta:
IX Hispana Legio IX Hispana Legio nona Hispana , sometimes known as Legio IX Hispana was a Roman legion. The legion's symbol is unknown, likely a Taurus , as other legions created by Caesar....	York, England	Bull	41BC Augustus	120+ UF	to13BC HISP; 9-43 PAN?; 71-c120 Eburacum* (BRIT)	nona Hispana: XX in 2nd Jewish War c132?
X Fretensis Legio X Fretensis Legio decima Fretensis of the sea strait") was a Roman legion levied by Augustus in 41/40 BC to fight during the period of Roman Civil War that started the dissolution of the Roman Republic....	Jerusalem	Boar	40BC Augustus	post 400	to 25BC JUD; 25BC-66AD SYR; 73-c400+ Hierosolyma*	fretum = Strait of Messina Strait of Messina The Strait of Messina is the narrow section of water between the eastern tip of Sicily and the southern tip of Calabria in the south of Italy.... , Naulochus Battle of Naulochus The naval Battle of Naulochus was fought on 3 September 36 BC between the fleets of Sextus Pompeius and Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, off Naulochus, Sicily.... 36BC
X Gemina Legio X Gemina Legio decima Gemina , was one of the four legions used by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, for his invasion of Gaul. There are still records of the X Gemina in Vienna in the beginning of the 5th century....	Vienna, Austria	Bull	42BC Lepidus	post 400	to71 HISP; 71-103 Noviomagus Noviomagus Noviomagus is a superficially Latinized Celtic placename containing the Celtic words nowyos "new" and magos "field" or "plain". It was part of a number of place names in the Roman Empire:... GI; 103-c400 Vindobona Vindobona Vindobona was originally a Celtic settlement, and later a Ancient Rome military camp on the site of the modern city of Vienna in Austria. Around 15 B.C., the kingdom of Noricum was included in the Roman Empire.... * PAN	Was X equestris Legio X Equestris Legio X Equestris was a Roman legion, levied by Julius Caesar. Legio X was the "most famous legion of its day", in part due to the fact that it took the leading role in most of Caesar's Gallic battles.... , Caesar's "mounted" legion
XI Claudia Legio XI Claudia Legio undecima Claudia was a Roman legion. XI Claudia dates back to the two legions recruited by Julius Caesar to invade Gallia in 58 BC, and it existed at least until early 5th century, guarding lower Danube in Durostorum ....	Silistra, Bulgaria	Neptune NEPTUNE =Overview=The project, along with sister project, VENUS, offers a unique approach to ocean science. Traditionally, ocean scientists have relied on infrequent ship cruises or space-based satellites to carry out their research....	42BC Augustus	post 400	to71AD DLM; 71-104 Vindonissa Vindonissa Vindonissa was a Ancient Rome legion camp at modern Windisch, Switzerland. It was probably established in AD 15. In an expansion around 30, thermal baths were added.... RT; 104-c400 Durostorum* MI	undecima Claudia: honoured by Claudius Claudius Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus or Claudius I was the fourth Roman Emperor, a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, ruling from January 24, AD 41 to his death in AD 54....
XII Fulminata Legio XII Fulminata Legio duodecima Fulminata , also known as Paterna, Victrix, Antiqua, Certa Constans, and Galliena, was a Roman legion, levied by Julius Caesar in 58 BC and which accompanied him during the Gallic wars until 49 BC....	Malatya, Turkey	Thdrbolt	43BC Lepidus	post 400	to 14AD AEG; 14-71 Raphana Raphana Raphana, in present-day north of Jordan, was a city of the Decapolis. It is thought to lie north of Umm Qais in the Abilene .The city was the base camp of the Roman legions Legio III Gallica and of Legio XII Fulminata.... (SYR); 71-c400 Melitene* (CAP)	Thunderbolt 12th lost aquila Aquila (Roman) The signa militaria were the Roman military ensigns or vexilloids. The most ancient standard employed by the Romans is said to have been a handful of straw fixed to the top of a spear or pole.... in 1st Jewish War

Legion no & title	Main legion base	Emblem	Date founded/ founder	Date disband	Castra legionaria (legion bases) * = main base. Start date 31BC if unspecified	Notes
XIII Gemina Legio XIII Gemina Legio decima tertia Gemina , is one of the more historically remarkable Roman legions. It was one of Julius Caesar's key units in Gaul, and in the Roman Republican civil wars, and was the legion with which he famously crossing the Rubicon on January 10, 49 BC....	Alba Iulia, Rom	Lion	57BC Caesar Julius Caesar 'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....	post 400	45-106 Poetovio PAN 106-270 Apulum Apulum Apulum may refer to:The Latin name of Alba Iulia.Apulum , a Romanian porcelain manufacturing company.Apulum , a periodical issued by the the National Museum of Unification Alba Iulia .... DC 270-400 MI	"Twinned 13th". Crossed Rubicon Rubicon Rubicon is a 29 km long river in northern Italy.The river flows from the Apennine Mountains to the Adriatic Sea through the southern Emilia-Romagna region between the towns of Rimini and Cesena.... with Caesar Caesar Caesar or C?sar may refer to the following:... 49BC
XIV Gemina Legio XIV Gemina Legio decima quarta Gemina was a Roman legion of the Roman Empire, levied by Augustus after 41 BC. The cognomen Gemina suggests that the legion resulted from fusion of two previous ones, one of them possibly being the Fourteenth legion that fought in the Battle of Alesia....	Petronell, Aust	Capricorn	41BC Augustus	post 400	9-43 GS; 43-70 BRIT; 70-92 GS; 106-c400 Carnuntum Carnuntum Carnuntum was an important Roman Empire army camp in what is now Austria. It belonged originally to Noricum province, but after the 1st century was part of Pannonia.... *	Defeated Boudica Boudica Boudica was a queen of the Iceni tribe of what is now known as East Anglia in England, who led an uprising of the tribes against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire.... 's Britons at Watling Street Battle of Watling Street The Battle of Watling Street took place in Roman Britain in AD 60 or 61 between an alliance of Indigenous peoples of Europe Brythonic tribes, led by Boudica, and the Ancient Romes led by Gaius Suetonius Paulinus.... (60AD)
XV Apollinaris Legio XV Apollinaris Legio decima quinta Apollinaris was a Roman legion. It was recruited by Augustus in 41/40 BC. The emblem of this legion was probably a picture of Apollo, or of one of his holy animals....	Saddagh, Turk	Apollo Apollo In Greek mythology and Roman mythology, Apollo , is one of the most important and many-sided of the Twelve Olympians. The ideal of the kouros , Apollo has been variously recognized as a god of light and the sun; truth and prophecy; archery; medicine and healing; music, poetry, and the arts; and more....	41BC Augustus	post 400	9-61 NR 61-73 SYR 73-117 NR; 117-c400 Satala Satala Located in Turkey, the city of Satala, according to the ancient geographers, was situated in a valley surrounded by mountains, a little north of the Euphrates, where the road from Trapezus to Samosata crossed the boundary of the Roman Empire.... * CAP	"Apollo-revering 15th". Fought in First Jewish War
XV Primigenia Legio XV Primigenia Legio decima quinta Primigenia - a name of the goddess Fortuna) was a legion of the Roman army.It was originally levied by the emperor Caligula in 39, to aid in the Germanic campaigns and was stationed in the Rhine frontier until 70, when it was destroyed during the Batavian rebellion with the Legio V Alaudae....	Xanten, Ger	Fortuna Fortuna Fortuna can mean:Fortuna, the Roman goddess of luck Geographical*19 Fortuna, an asteroidFortuna, California, a town located on the north coast of California...	39 Caligula Caligula Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus , more commonly known by his nickname Caligula , was the third Roman Emperor, reigning from 16 March 37 until his assassination on 24 January 41....	70 XX	39-43 Moguntiacum (GS); 43-70 Castra Vetera* (GI)	Primigenia goddess of Fate. XX in Batavi revolt Batavian rebellion The Revolt of the Batavi took place in the Roman province of Germania Inferior between 69 and 70 AD. It was an uprising against Roman rule by the Batavi and other tribes in the province and in Gaul....
XVI Flavia Firma Legio XVI Flavia Firma Legio decima sexta Flavia Firma was a Roman legion. The legion was created by Roman Emperor Vespasian in 70, with the remains of the Legio XVI Gallica , and still existed in the 4th century, when it guarded the Euphrates border camped in Sura ....	Samsat, Turk	Lion	70 Vespasian Vespasian Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Vespasian , was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 69 A.D. until his death in 79 A.D. Vespasian was the founder of the short lived Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 A.D....	post 300	70-117 Satala Satala Located in Turkey, the city of Satala, according to the ancient geographers, was situated in a valley surrounded by mountains, a little north of the Euphrates, where the road from Trapezus to Samosata crossed the boundary of the Roman Empire.... (CAP); 117-300+ Samosata Samosata Samosata was an ancient city on the right bank of the Euphrates whose ruins existed at the modern city of Samsat, Turkey, Adiyaman Province, Turkey until the site was flooded by the newly-constructed Atat?rk Dam.... * SYR	"Vespasian's steadfast 16th". Reformed XVI Gallica
XVI Gallica Legio XVI Gallica Legio XVI Gallica was a Roman legion. The legion was recruited by Augustus Caesar in 41 BC/40 BC, and was disbanded after surrendering during the Batavian rebellion ; Emperor Vespasian created a new legion, the Legio XVI Flavia Firma....	Mainz, Ger	Lion	41BC Augustus	70 DD	to 43AD Moguntiacum* (GS); 43-70 Novaesium Neuss Neuss is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the west bank of the Rhine opposite D?sseldorf, and owes its success to its location at the crossing of historic and modern trade routes.... * (GI)	Disbanded for cowardice in Batavi revolt Batavian rebellion The Revolt of the Batavi took place in the Roman province of Germania Inferior between 69 and 70 AD. It was an uprising against Roman rule by the Batavi and other tribes in the province and in Gaul....
XVII Legio XVII Legio decima septima was a Roman legion levied by Augustus around 41 BC. The legion was destroyed in the Battle of Teutoburg Forest . The legion's symbol and cognomen are unknown....	Xanten, Ger		41BC Augustus	9 XX	to 15BC AQ?; 15BC-9AD Castra Vetera* (GI)	Destroyed in Teutoberg Forest, lost aquila Aquila (Roman) The signa militaria were the Roman military ensigns or vexilloids. The most ancient standard employed by the Romans is said to have been a handful of straw fixed to the top of a spear or pole.... standard
XVIII Legio XVIII Legio duodevigesima was a Roman legion levied by the future Augustus around 41 BC. The legion was, along with two others, destroyed in the Battle of Teutoburg Forest ....	Xanten, Ger		41BC Augustus	9 XX	to 15BC AQ?; 15BC-9AD Castra Vetera* (GI)	Destroyed in Teutoberg Forest, lost aquila Aquila (Roman) The signa militaria were the Roman military ensigns or vexilloids. The most ancient standard employed by the Romans is said to have been a handful of straw fixed to the top of a spear or pole.... standard
XIX Legio XIX Legio undevigesima was a Roman legion levied in 41 BC or 40 BC by Augustus. It was destroyed in 9 in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. The emblem of the XIXth legion is unknown, but probably was the Capricorn as other legions levied by Augustus....			41BC Augustus	9 XX	to 15BC unknown; 15BC-9AD somewhere in GI	Destroyed in Teutoberg Forest, lost aquila Aquila (Roman) The signa militaria were the Roman military ensigns or vexilloids. The most ancient standard employed by the Romans is said to have been a handful of straw fixed to the top of a spear or pole.... standard
XX Valeria Vict. Legio XX Valeria Victrix Legio vigesima Valeria Victrix was a Roman legion, probably raised by Augustus some time after 31 BC. It served in Hispania, Illyricum, and Germania before participating in the invasion of Britannia in 43 AD, where it remained and was active until at least the beginning of the 4th century....	Chester, Eng	Boar	31BC Augustus	250+ UF	to9AD DLM; 9-43 GI; 43-75 BRIT; 75-250+ Deva Deva Victrix Deva Victrix, or simply Deva, was a legionary castra and town in the Roman province of Britannia. The settlement evolved into Chester, the county town of Cheshire, England.... * BRIT	vigesima named for Messalla Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus was a Roman Empire general, author and patron of literature and art.... ? XX in Allectus Allectus Allectus was a Roman Empire Roman usurper-Roman emperors in Roman Britain and northern Gaul from 293 to 296.... ' fall 296?
XXI Rapax Legio XXI Rapax Legio vigesima prima Rapax was a Roman legion levied in 31 BC by Augustus, probably from men previously enlisted in other legions. The XXI Rapax was destroyed in 92 by the Dacians and Sarmatians....	Windisch Switz	Capricorn	31BC Augustus	92 XX	9-43 GI; 43-70 Vindonissa Vindonissa Vindonissa was a Ancient Rome legion camp at modern Windisch, Switzerland. It was probably established in AD 15. In an expansion around 30, thermal baths were added.... * (RT); 70-89 GI; 89-92 PAN	"Devourer 21st". XX by Roxolani Sarmatian tribe PAN
XXII Deiotariana Legio XXII Deiotariana Legio vigesima secunda Deiotariana was a Roman legion, levied approximately in 48 BC and possibly destroyed in the Bar Kokhba revolt of 132–135....	Alexandria, Eg		48BC	132 XX	to c8BC GAL; 8BC-123AD+ Alexandria Alexandria Alexandria , with a population of 4.1 million, is the second-largest city in Egypt, and is the country's largest seaport, serving about 80% of Egypt's imports and exports.... * (AEG)	GAL king "Deiotarus Deiotarus Deiotarus I of Galatia was a Chief Tetrarch of the Tolistobogii at Western Galatia, Asia Minor, and a King of Galatia at Anatolia, Asia Minor.... 's 21st". XX in 2nd Jewish War
XXII Primigenia Legio XXII Primigenia Legio vigesima secunda Primigenia , dedicated to the goddess Fortuna Roman legion levied by Roman Emperor Caligula in 39, for his campaigns in Germania....	Mainz, Ger	Hercules Hercules Hercules is the Ancient Rome name for the mythical Ancient Greece hero Heracles, son of Zeus and the mortal Alcmene. Early Roman sources suggest that the imported Greek hero supplanted a mythic Italian shepherd called "Recaranus" or "Garanus", famous for his strength....	39 Caligula Caligula Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus , more commonly known by his nickname Caligula , was the third Roman Emperor, reigning from 16 March 37 until his assassination on 24 January 41....	post 300	39-c300 Moguntiacum* (GS)	Raised for Caligula's German war
XXX Ulpia Victrix Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix Legio trigesima Ulpia Victrix was a Roman legion levied by the Emperor Trajan in 100 for the Dacian Wars. The legion was active until disbandment of the Rhine frontier in the beginning of the 5th century....	Xanten, Ger	Jupiter Jupiter (mythology) In Roman mythology, Jupiter or Jove was the king of the gods,and the god of sky and thunder. He is the equivalent of Zeus in the Greek pantheon....	105 Trajan Trajan Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan , was a Roman Emperors who reigned from 98 until his death in 117. Born Marcus Ulpius Traianus into a nonpatrician family in the Hispania Baetica province , Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian, serving as a general in the Roman army along the Limes G...	post 400	105-22 DC; 122-c400 Castra Vetera* (GI)	"Trajan Trajan Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan , was a Roman Emperors who reigned from 98 until his death in 117. Born Marcus Ulpius Traianus into a nonpatrician family in the Hispania Baetica province , Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian, serving as a general in the Roman army along the Limes G... 's victorious 30th" (M Ulpius Traianus)

TABLE LEGEND

Legion number & title

The numbering of the legions is confusing. Several legions shared the same number with others. Augustus numbered the legions he founded himself from I, but also inherited numbers from his predecessors. Each emperor normally numbered the legions he raised himself starting from I . However, even this practice was not consistently followed. For example, Vespasian

Vespasian

Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Vespasian , was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 69 A.D. until his death in 79 A.D. Vespasian was the founder of the short lived Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 A.D....
kept the same numbers as before for legions he raised from disbanded units. Trajan

Trajan

Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan , was a Roman Emperors who reigned from 98 until his death in 117. Born Marcus Ulpius Traianus into a nonpatrician family in the Hispania Baetica province , Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian, serving as a general in the Roman army along the Limes G...
's first legion was numbered XXX because there were 29 other legions in existence at the time it was raised; but the second Trajanic legion was given the sequential number II. XVII, XVIII and XIX, the numbers of the legions annihilated in the Teutoberg Forest, were never used again. (These three legions are without titles, suggesting that in disgrace their titles may have been deliberately fogotten or left unmentioned.) As a result of this somewhat chaotic evolution, the legion's title became necessary to distinguish between legions with the same number.

Legions often carried several titles, awarded after successive campaigns, normally by the ruling Emperor e.g. XII Fulminata was also awarded: paterna (fatherly), victrix (victorious), antiqua (venerable), certa constans (reliable, steadfast) and Galliena (Gallienus

Gallienus

Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260, and then as the sole Roman Emperor from 260 to 268....
'). Pia fidelis (dutiful, loyal), fidelis constans and others were titles awarded to several legions, sometimes several times to the same legion. Only the most established, commonly used titles are displayed on this table.

The geographical titles indicate
(a) the country a legion was originally recruited e.g. Italica = from Italy or
(b) peoples the legion has vanquished e.g.Parthica = victorious over the Parthians
Legions bearing the personal name of an emperor, or of his gens (clan) (e.g. Augusta, Flavia) were either founded by that Emperor or awarded the name as a mark of special favour.

The title GEMINA probably means the legion is twinned with another, or has been split from another to form a new legion. Alternatively, it may mean the legion is dedicated to the Gemini (Twins) Romulus and Remus

Romulus and Remus

Romulus and Remus are the traditional Founding Fathers of Rome, appearing in Roman mythology as the twin sons of the Vestal Virgin Rhea Silvia, fathered by the god of war, Mars ....
, legendary founders of Rome

Main legionary base

This shows the castra (base) where the legion spent the longest period during the Principate. Legions often shared the same base with other legions. Detachments of legions were often seconded for lengthy periods to other bases and provinces, as operational needs demanded.

Emblem

Legions often sported more than one emblem at the same time, and occasionally changed them. Legions raised by Caesar mostly carried a bull emblem originally; those of Augustus mostly a Capricorn

Date disbanded

For legions that are documented into the fourth century and beyond, we do not know when or how they were terminated. For legions disappearing from the record before 284, the reason (certain or likely) is given as:
XX = annihilated in battle
DD = disbanded in disgrace
UF = unknown fate

Castra legionaria

Indicates the bases (castra) and/or provinces

Roman province

In Ancient Rome, a province was the basic, and until the Tetrarchy , largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside of the Italia ....
where the legion was based during its history, with dates.

Notes

Contains points of note, including explanation of titles and details of a legion's fate.

Province names and borders are assumed throughout the Principate period as at 107 AD , during the rule of Trajan

Trajan

Dacia

In ancient geography, Dacia was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Greeks "Getae". Dacia was a large district of East-Central Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathian Mountains, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisia or Tisza, on the east by the Tyras or Dniester, now in eastern Moldova....
and Arabia Petraea

Arabia Petraea

For the Achaemenid satrapy of Arabia, see Arabia Arabia Petraea, also called Provincia Arabia or simply Arabia, was a frontier Roman province of the Roman Empire beginning in the second century; it consisted of the former Nabataean kingdom in modern Jordan, southern modern Syria, the Sinai Peninsula and northwestern Saud...
. The map above shows provinces at the end of Trajan's reign, 117 AD. They are the same as in 107, except that Armenia and Mesopotamia have been annexed (they were abandoned soon after Trajan's death); and Pannonia

Pannonia

Pannonia is an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia....
has been split into two (the split occurred c107). In reality provincial borders were modified several times during the period 30 BC-284 AD: this explains any discrepancy with other sources, as to a legion's location at a particular date

Late Empire Legions

Diocletian

Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus , born Diocles and commonly known as Diocletian , was Roman Emperor from November 20, 284 to May 1, 305....
reorganized the Roman army, in order to better handle the menace of the barbarians from north Europe as well as that of the Persians from the East. The army was formed by border and field units.

The border (limitanei
Limitanei

The limitanei or riparian were border units in the armies of the late Roman Empire. They were light troops and served to hold off invaders until heavier troops could arrive....
) units were to occupy the limes

Limes

A limes was a border defense or delimiting system of Ancient Rome. It marked the Borders of the Roman Empire.The Latin language noun limes had a number of different meanings: a path or balk delimiting Field , a boundary line or marker, any road or path, any channel, such as a stream channel, or any distinction or difference....
, the structured border fortifications, and were formed by professional soldiers with an inferior training.

The field units were to stay well behind the border, and to move quickly where they were needed, with both offensive and defensive roles. Field units were formed by elite soldiers with high-level training and weapons. They were further divided into:

Scholae
Scholae Palatinae

The Scholae Palatinae , were an elite military Imperial Guard unit, usually ascribed to the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great as a replacement to the Praetorian Guard....
units: the personal guard of the Emperor, created to replace the Praetorian Guard
Praetorian Guard

The Praetorian Guard was a special force of guards used by Roman empire List of Roman Emperorss. Before being appropriated for the use of the Emperors' personal guards, the title was used for the guards of Roman generals, at least since the rise to prominence of the Scipio family around 275 BC....
disbanded by Constantine I;
Palatinae units: "palace" units were the highest ranked units;
Comitatenses units: "line" or "regular" units, some were newly formed, others were descended from Early-Empire legions;
Pseudocomitatenses units: these were limitanei units diverted into the field army and often kept there; some Early Empire legions became pseudocomitatenses units.

Some of these units kept a numbering scheme, the primary source for which is the Notitia Dignitatum
Notitia Dignitatum

The Notitia Dignitatum is a unique document of the Ancient Rome imperial chanceries. One of the very few surviving documents of Roman government, it details the administrative organisation of the eastern and western Roman empires, listing several thousand offices from the imperial court down to the provincial level....

Legio I

I Flavia Constantia (reliable Flavian): comitatensis unit under Magister militum
Magister militum

Magister militum was a top-level military command used in the later Roman Empire, dating from the reign of Constantine I . Used alone, the term referred to the senior military officer of the Empire....
per Orientis command
I Flavia Gallicana Constantia (reliable Flavian legion from Gallia): pseudocomitatensis under Magister Peditum per Gallias command
I Flavia Martis (Flavian legion devoted to Mars): pseudocomitatensis
I Flavia Pacis (Flavian legion of peace): comitatensis under Magister Peditum
I Flavia Theodosiana: comitatensis
I Illyricorum (of the Illyrians): stationed at Palmyra
Palmyra

Palmyra was in ancient times an important city of central Syria, located in an oasis 215 km northeast of Damascus and 120 km southwest of the Euphrates....
I Iovia
Legio I Iovia

Legio I Iovia was a Roman legion, levied by Emperor Diocletian , possibly together with Legio II Herculia, to guard the newly created province of Scythia Minor....
(devoted to Jupiter): levied by Diocletian, stationed in Scythia Minor
Scythia Minor

Scythia Minor, "Lesser Scythia" was in ancient times the region surrounded by the Danube at the north and west and the Black Sea at the east, corresponding to today's Dobrogea, with a large part in Romania and a very smal part in Bulgaria....
I Isaura Sagittaria (archers from Isauria): pseudocomitatensis under Magister militum
Magister militum

Magister militum was a top-level military command used in the later Roman Empire, dating from the reign of Constantine I . Used alone, the term referred to the senior military officer of the Empire....
per Orientis command
I Iulia Alpina: pseudocomitatensis under Magister Peditum command in Italia
Italia (Roman province)

Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula....
I Martia
I Maximiana Thaebanorum
Legio I Maximiana

The Legio I Maximiana was a comitatensis Roman legion, probably created in the year 296 or 297 by the Emperor Diocletian.The I Maximiana was formed together with Legio II Flavia Constantia, to garrison the newly created province Thebaid, in Aegyptus ....
(the Thebans of Maximianus): comitatensis unit stationed near Thebes, Egypt
Thebes, Egypt

Thebes was a city in Ancient Egypt located about 800 km south of the Mediterranean, on the east bank of the river Nile . It was the capital of Waset, the fourth Upper Egyptian Nome ....
, and probably fighting in the battle of Adrianople
Battle of Adrianople

The second Battle of Adrianople , sometimes known as the Battle of Hadrianopolis, was fought between a Roman Empire army led by the Roman Emperor Valens and Goths rebels led by Fritigern....
I Noricorum (of the Noricans): stationed in Noricum
Noricum

Noricum, in ancient history geography, was a Celtic kingdom stretching over the area of today's Austria and Slovenia. It became a Roman province of the Roman Empire....
I Pontica

Legio II

II Britannica: comitatensis under Magister Peditum
II Flavia ConstantiaLegio II Flavia Constantia

The Legio II Flavia Constantia was a comitatensis Roman legion, created by Diocletian, probably in the year 296 or 297.II Flavia Constantia was formed together with Legio I Maximiana to garrison the newly created province Thebaidos, Aegyptus ....
: comitatensis under Magister Peditum
II Flavia Virtutis
Legio II Flavia Virtutis

Legio II Flavia Virtutis was a comitatensis Roman legion, levied by Emperor Constantius II , together with Legio I Flavia Pacis and Legio III Flavia Salutis....
: comitatensis under Magister Peditum
II Herculia
Legio II Herculia

Legio II Herculia was a Roman legion, levied by Emperor Diocletian , possibly together with Legio I Iovia, to guard the newly created province of Scythia Minor....
(devoted to Hercules): levied by Diocletian, stationed in Scythia Minor
II Isaura
Legio II Isaura

Legio II Isaura was a pseudocomitatensis Roman legion, levied no later than under Diocletian, and possibly already present under Probus....
II Iulia Alpina: pseudocomitatensis under Magister Peditum, in Comes Illyricum command
II Felix Valentis Thebaeorum: comitatensis

Legio III

III Diocletiana
Legio III Diocletiana

Legio III Diocletiana was a comitatensis Roman legion, levied in 296 by Diocletian, from whom the legion took its name.The aim of this legion was to guard the newly re-organized province of Aegyptus , being based in Alexandria....
III Flavia Salutis: comitatensis under Magister Peditum
III Herculea: comitatensis under Magister Peditum, in Comes Illyricum command
III Isaura
Legio III Isaura

Legio III Isaura was a pseudocomitatensis Roman legion, levied no later than under Diocletian, and possibly already present under Probus....
III Iulia Alpina: comitatensis under Magister Peditum command in Italia
Italia (Roman province)

Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula....

Legio IV

IV Italica
IV Martia
IV Parthica

Legio V

V Iovia
Legio V Iovia

Legio V Iovia was a Roman legion levied by Diocletian in the end of the 3rd century, and was still in service at the beginning of the 5th century....
(maybe the Jovians)
V Parthica

Legio VI

VI Gemella
VI Gallicana
VI Herculia
Legio VI Herculia

Legio VI Herculia was a Roman legion levied by Diocletian in the end of the 3rd century, and was still in service at the beginning of the 5th century....
(maybe the Herculians
Herculians

The Jovians and Herculians were the senior palatine imperial guard units of the Emperors of the late Roman Empire from the 290s until the 7th century....
)
VI Hispana
VI Parthica

Legio XII

XII Victrix

Primary sources

Notitia Dignitatum
Notitia Dignitatum

The Notitia Dignitatum is a unique document of the Ancient Rome imperial chanceries. One of the very few surviving documents of Roman government, it details the administrative organisation of the eastern and western Roman empires, listing several thousand offices from the imperial court down to the provincial level....
reports the military units and their locations at the beginning of the 5th century
5th century

The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini/Common Era....
.

Secondary sources

Oxford Classical Dictionary
Oxford Classical Dictionary

The Oxford Classical Dictionary is the standard one-volume encyclopedia in English language of topics relating to Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome....
Keppie, Lawrence. The Making of the Roman Army, 1984

List of Roman legions

Late Republican legions

Early Empire legions

Late Empire Legions

Primary sources

Secondary sources

See also

External links