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List of Ottoman sieges and landings

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The following is an List of Ottoman sieges and landings from the 14th century to World War I

Middle Eastern theatre of World War I

The Middle Eastern theatre of World War I was the scene of action between 2 November, 1914, and 29 October, 1918. The combatants were the Ottoman Empire, with some assistance from the other Central Powers, and primarily the British and the Russians among the Allies of World War I...

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The following is an List of Ottoman sieges and landings from the 14th century to World War I

Middle Eastern theatre of World War I

Rise (1299–1453)

Event	Date	Result
Conquest of İmralı Island and the beginning of Ottoman presence in the Sea of Marmara	1308
Conquest of Mudanya by the Ottoman Turks and the first Turkish landings in Thrace, southeastern Europe	1321
Conquest of the strategic port city and gulf of Gemlik on the Sea of Marmara by the Ottoman Turks	1333
Naval victories of Umur Bey against the Byzantine and Genoese fleets off the Aegean coasts of Anatolia, Rhodes, the Dardanelles Strait, Macedonia and Morea	1334-1348
Conquest of Üsküdar Scutari/Chrysopolis) and Kadıköy Chalcedon) on the Anatolian side of İstanbul, the Marmara Island, Thrace and Gallipoli	1352
First Turkish landings in Attika, Morea and the Adriatic Sea	1372
First conquests and acquisitions in Macedonia	1373
Conquest of Thessaloniki and Macedonia	1387
Conquest of northern Bulgaria, southern Romania and most of the Balkan peninsula	1389
First Turkish siege of Constantinople	1390
Landings at Chios, Euboea, Attika, Morea	1390-1391
Conquest of northern Albania and southern Montenegro	1392
Landings at Morea	1394
Second Turkish siege of Constantinople	1395
Conquest of Albania	1396
Conquest of several coastal settlements on the Aegean coasts of Greece and of several Turkish beyliks principalities) on the Black Sea coasts of Anatolia	1397
Third Turkish siege of Constantinople	1397
Landings at Thessaly, Morea, Albania and Epirus	1397-1399
Fourth Turkish siege of Constantinople	1400
Conquest of several islands in the Aegean Sea	1415-1416
Conquest of the strategic port of Samsun in the Black Sea	1417
Fifth Turkish siege of Constantinople Siege of Constantinople (1422) The first full-scale Ottoman Siege of Constantinople took place in 1422 as a result of the Byzantine Emperor Manuel II's attempts to interfere in the succession of Ottoman Sultans, after the death of Mehmed I in 1421...	1422
Reconquest of Albania, conquests of several coastal settlements in Morea	1423
Turkish-Venetian War	1423-1430
Conquest of the strategic port of Sinop in the Black Sea	1424
Conquest of İzmir from the Turkish beylik of that city	1426
Reconquest of Thessaloniki Siege of Thessalonika (1422) The siege of Thessalonica between 1422 and 1430 was an ultimately successful attempt by the Ottoman Empire under Murad II to take Byzantine city of Thessalonica. Initially, the Sultan desired to capture the city in order punish the ruling Byzantine Palaiologoi dynasty for their attempts at inciting...	1430
Capture of Morea	1446
Attempted reconquest of Albania (see Siege of Krujë (1450))
Conquest of Constantinople Fall of Constantinople The Fall of Constantinople was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire which occurred after a siege laid by the Ottoman Empire, under the command of Sultan Mehmed II. The siege lasted from Thursday, 5 April, 1453 until Tuesday, 29 May, 1453 , when the city fell to the Ottomans... (İstanbul), Imvros Gökçeada, Lemnos, Thasos	1453

Growth (1453–1683)

Event	Date	Result
Landings at the Dodecanese Islands	1454
Conquest of Morea and the Duchy of Athens	1458 1460
Conquest of the Empire of Trebizond and the Genoese colony of Amasra	1461
Conquest of the Genoese islands in the northern Aegean Sea, including Lesbos	1462
Turkish-Venetian War Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479) The Second Ottoman–Venetian War was fought between the Republic of Venice and her allies and the Ottoman Empire from 1463 to 1479. Fought shortly after the capture of Constantinople and the remnants of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottomans, it resulted in the loss of several Venetian holdings in...	1463–1479
Conquest of castles and forts in Albania and failed sieges of Krujë (see Siege of Krujë (1466) and Siege of Krujë (1467))	1466
Siege of Negroponte	1470
Siege of Shkodër	1474
Conquest of Crimea	1475
Conquest of Venetian forts in Albania	1477 1478
Landings at Lepanto in Greece and Veneto in Italy	1477 1478
First siege and capture of Otranto Ottoman invasion of Otranto In 1480 and 1481 the city and fort of Otranto, in Apulia, southern Italy, were held by Ottoman troops.-Attack:On July 28 1480 an Ottoman fleet of between 70 and 200 ships arrived near the Neapolitan/Aragonese city of Otranto, in what is now the region Apulia, Italy. Possibly these troops came from...	1480
First siege of Rhodes Siege of Rhodes (1480) In 1480 the Knights Hospitaller garrison of Rhodes withstood an attack of the Ottoman Empire.-Preparation:In 1470, the island of Tilos was evacuated to Rhodes because they were susceptible to attacks from the Ottoman Empire...	1480 1481
Capture of Malaga in Spain	1487
Landings at the Balearic Islands, Corsica and Pisa	1487 1490
Landings at Elche, Almeria, Malaga	1490 1495
Landings at the Gulf of Taranto	1496
Conquest of Montenegro	1499
Turkish-Venetian Wars	1499 1503
Battle of Zonchio Battle of Zonchio The naval Battle of Zonchio took place on four separate days: August 12, 20, 22 and 25, 1499. It was a part of the Ottoman–Venetian War of 1499–1503...	1499
Landings at Corfu	1500
Capture of the Isle of Pianosa	1501
Capture of several towns in Sardinia	1501
Landings at Piombino	1501
Landings at the Balearic Islands and Andalusia	1501
Reconquest of Morea	1503
Landings at Rhodes, Calabria, Sicily and Andalusia	1505
Landings at Sicily	1506
Landings at Liguria	1508 1509
Landings at Capo Passero in Sicily	1510
Landings at Bougie, Oran and Algiers	1510
Landings at Reggio Calabria	1511
Conquest of Moldavia	1512
Landings at Andalusia and Minorca	1512
Landings at Alicante, Malaga, Cherchell	1513 1514
Capture of Jijel in Algeria and Mahdiya in Tunisia	1514
Bombardment of Bougie, landings at Ceuta, Balearic Islands, Sardinia, Sicily	1514
Conquest of Syria	1516
Conquest of Algeria from Spain	1516 1517
Landings at Elba and Liguria	1516
Conquest of Egypt and the end of the Mameluke Empire	1517
Landings at Capo Limiti, Capo Rizzuto, Calabria	1517
Landings at Provence, Toulon and the Îles d'Hyères in France	1519
Landings at the Balearic Islands	1521
Conquest of Rhodes from the Knights of St. John, who relocate their base first to Sicily and later to Malta	1522
Landings at Sardinia	1525
Capture of Capo Passero in Sicily	1526
Landings at Crotone, Reggio Calabria, Castignano, Capo Spartivento, Messina, Tuscany, Campania	1526
Conquest of Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia and Bosnia	1527
Landings at Italian and Spanish coastal towns	1527
Turkish-Spanish War near the Isle of Formentera	1529
Capture of the Isle of Peñón	1529
Landings at Andalusia	1529
Capture of the Isle of Cabrera	1530
Landings at Sicily, the Balearic Islands, Marseilles, Provence, Liguria, Sardinia, Piombino	1530
Landings at the Isle of Favignana, Calabria, Puglia, Tripoli, Spain	1531
Landings at Sardinia, Bonifacio, Montecristo, Elba, Lampedusa, Messina, Calabria	1532
First conquest of Tunisia from Spain, reconquest of Morea	1534
Capture of San Lucido, Cetraro, Capri, Procida, Tunis	1534
Landings at Reggio Calabria, Gaeta, Villa Santa Lucia, Sant'Isidoro, Sperlonga, Fondi, Terracina, Ostia, Ponza, Sicily, Sardinia, bombardment of the ports at the Gulf of Naples	1534
Recapture of Capri	1535
Landings at Spain, the Balearic Islands, Tlemcen	1535
Conquest of the Duchy of Naxos, Syros, Aegina, Ios, Paros, Tinos, Karpathos, Kasos	1537
Second siege and capture of Otranto, Castro, Ugento	1537
Landings at Calabria and Corfu	1537
Battle of Preveza Battle of Preveza The naval Battle of Preveza took place on 28 September 1538 near Preveza in northwestern Greece between an Ottoman fleet and that of a Christian alliance assembled by Pope Paul III.-Background:...	1538
Conquest of Castelnuovo (Herceg Novi) in Dalmatia	1538
Conquest of Aden and Yemen from the Portuguese, Jeddah and Hijaz in Arabia	1538 1539
Capture of Diu in India	1538
Capture of the Gulf of Preveza, Isle of Lefkada, eastern Adriatic and Aegean islands belonging to the Republic of Venice, Candia in Crete	1538
Turkish-Portuguese Wars in the Indian Ocean	1538 1566
Landings at Crete in Greece and Gujarat in India	1538
Conquest of Risan, Skiathos, Skyros, Andros and Serifos	1539
Reconquest of Castelnuovo	1539 1540
Landings at Cattaro and Pesaro, Corfu, Crete	1539
Capture of Gozo, Pantelleria, Capraia	1540
Landings at Sicily, Corsica, Spain	1540
Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet in Algiers	1541
Capture of Reggio Calabria, Messina, Nice, Antibes, Île Sainte-Marguerite, Monaco, San Remo, La Turbie	1543
Landings at Campania, Lazio, venturing into the Tiber River near Rome	1543
Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet in the Tyrrhenian Sea, assault on the Kingdom of Naples	1544
Capture of Bonifacio in Corsica, Castiglione della Pescaia, Talamone, Orbetello, Grosseto, Montiano, Porto Ercole, Isle of Giglio, Ischia, Forio, and the Isle of Procida	1544
Landings at San Remo, Borghetto Santo Spirito, Ceriale, Vado Ligure, Piombino, Civitavecchia, Sardinia, Gozo, Pozzuoli, Capo Palinuro, Catona, Fiumara, Calanna, Cariati, Lipari	1544
Capture of Capraia, Monterosso, Corniglia, Rapallo, Pegli, Levanto	1545
Landings at Spain, the Balearic Islands, Sicily, Liguria, Menarola, Riomaggiore, La Spezia	1545
Capture of Mahdiya, Sfax, Sousse, Al Munastir in Tunisia; Laigueglia and Andora in Liguria; Gozo in Malta	1546
Landings at Liguria, San Lorenzo al Mare	1546
Reconquest of Yemen from the Portuguese	1547 1548
Recapture of Gozo in Malta	1547
Landings at both islands of Malta, Sicily, Aeolian Islands, Salina Island, Puglia, Salve, Calabria, Corsica	1547
Capture of Castellamare di Stabia, Pozzuoli and Procida at the Gulf of Naples	1548
Landings at Rapallo, San Fruttuoso, Portofino, San Remo, Corsica, Calabria	1549
Recapture of Mahdiya, Sousse, Al Munastir in Tunisia, Rapallo in Liguria	1550
Landings at Sardinia, Spain, Corsica, Gozo, Liguria, Mahdiya, Tunis, Djerba	1550
Conquest of Libya from Spain and Malta	1551
Recapture of Gozo, capture of Taggia and Riva Brigoso in Liguria	1551
Landings at the Adriatic ports, Sicily, both islands of Malta	1551
Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet near Ponza	1552
Conquest of Oman, Hormuz and Qatar from the Portuguese	1552
Capture of Pantelleria, Ponza, Massa Lubrense, Sorrento, Pozzuoli, Minturno, Nola	1552
Landings at Augusta and Licata in Sicily, Taormina, Gulf of Policastro, Palmi, Gulf of Naples, Sardinia, Corsica, Lazio	1552
Conquest of Morocco	1553
Capture of Crotone and Castello in Calabria; Marciana Marina, Rio and Capoliveri in Elba; Bonifacio, Bastia and Calvi in Corsica; recapture of Pianosa and Capri	1553
Landings at Sicily, Tavolara, Sardinia, Porto Ercole, Piombino, Portoferraio	1553
Capture of Vieste near Foggia; Elba and Corsica	1554
Landings at Dalmatia, Dubrovnik, Orbetello and Tuscany	1554
Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet near Piombino	1555
Capture of Paola and Santo Noceto in Calabria, Papulonia in Elba; Bastia in Corsica; Ospedaletti in Liguria	1555
Landings at Capo Vaticano, Ceramica, San Lucido in Calabria; Piombino in Elba; Calvi in Corsica; Sardinia; San Remo and Liguria	1555
Capture of Bergeggi and San Lorenzo in Liguria; Gafsa in Tunisia	1556
Landings at Lampedusa	1556
Capture of Cariati in Calabria	1557
Landings at the Gulf of Taranto and Puglia	1557
Capture of Gharyan, Misratah, Tagiora, Djerba, Reggio Calabria, Aeolian Islands, Massa Lubrense, Cantone, Sorrento, Minorca	1558
Landings at the Strait of Messina, Amalfi, Gulf of Salerno, Torre del Greco, Tuscany, Piombino, Spain	1558
Battle of Djerba Battle of Djerba The naval Battle of Djerba took place in May 1560 near the island of Djerba, Tunisia in which the Ottomans under Piyale Pasha's command overwhelmed a large joint European fleet, chiefly Spanish forces, sinking half its ships.-Background:...	1560
Landings at Stromboli, Gozo, Gulf of Naples	1561
Siege of Oran	1562
Capture of Granada in Spain; Naples in Italy and the fortresses around the city, Chiaia	1563
Landings at Malaga, another siege on Spanish-controlled Oran and Mers-el-Kebir; landings at Liguria, Sardinia, Oristano, Marcellino, Ercolento, Puglia, Abruzzo, San Giovanni near Messina, Capo Passero in Sicily, Gozo in Malta	1563
Annexation of Aceh in Sumatra, Indonesia, upon request by Sultan Alaaddin of Aceh who declares allegiance to the Ottoman Empire and asks for protection against Portuguese aggression	1565
Capture of Fort St. Elmo and the Bastion of Castiglia on Fort St. Michael in Malta	1565
Siege of Malta Siege of Malta (1565) The Siege of Malta took place in 1565 when the Ottoman Empire invaded the island, then held by the Knights Hospitaller The Knights won the siege, one of the bloodiest and most fiercely...	1565
Conquest of Chios and the end of Genoese presence in the Aegean	1566
Landings at Puglia	1566
First Ottoman naval forces are stationed on Aceh in Sumatra, Indonesia	1569
Landings at Sumatra in Indonesia	1569
Battle of Gozo	1570
Conquest of Cyprus Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573) The Fifth Ottoman–Venetian War, also known as the War of Cyprus was fought in 1570–1573 between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice, the latter joined by the Holy League, a coalition of Christian states formed under the auspices of the Pope and including Spain , the Republic of Genoa,... from the Republic of Venice, sieges of Nicosia Nicosia Nicosia, known locally as Lefkosia , is the capital and largest city of Cyprus. Located on the River Pedieos and situated almost in the centre of the island, it is the seat of government as well as the main business centre... and Famagusta Famagusta Famagusta is a city on the east coast of Cyprus and is capital of the Famagusta District. It is located in a bay between Capes Greco and Eloea, east of Nicosia, and possesses the deepest harbour in the island. Since the 1974 Turkish invasion the city has resided in the de facto Turkish Republic...	1570–1571
Reconquest of Dalmatia from the Republic of Venice	1571
Landings at Corfu	1571
Battle of Lepanto Battle of Lepanto (1571) The Battle of Lepanto took place on 7 October 1571 when a galley fleet of the Holy League, a coalition of Spain , the Republic of Venice, the Papacy The Battle of Lepanto took place on 7 October 1571 when a galley fleet of the Holy League,...	1571
Landings at Puglia and Corfu	1573
Reconquest of Tunisia from Spain	1574
Landings at Morocco	1574
Landings at Calabria	1576
Defeat of the Portuguese fleet off the coast of Morocco	1578
Reconquest of Crimea and parts of Ukraine	1584
Capture of Lanzarote of the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean	1585
Defeat of the French-Maltese fleet in the Levant	1609
Landings at Malta and southern Morea	1614
Landings at the shoreline between Cadiz and Lisbon	1616
Capture of Madeira in the Atlantic Ocean	1617
Landings at Sussex, Plymouth 27 ships were taken away from its port), Devon, Hartland Point, Cornwall and the other counties of western England in August	1625
Capture of Vestmannaeyjar near Iceland	1627
Landings in the Northern Atlantic including the British Isles, Shetland Islands, Faroe Islands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Labrador, Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Newfoundland and Virginia	1627 1660
Landings at Denmark, Norway and Iceland	1627
Capture of Baltimore, County Cork, in Ireland	1631
Landings at England, Ireland, Denmark and Iceland	1631
Reconquest of Azov from the Russians	1642
Start of the Cretan War Cretan War (1645–1669) The Cretan War or War of Candia , as the Sixth Ottoman–Venetian War is better known, was a conflict between the Republic of Venice and her allies against the Ottoman Empire and the Barbary States, fought over the island of Crete, Venice's largest and richest overseas possession... : Conquest of Chania Chania Chaniá is the second largest city of Crete and the capital of the Chania Prefecture... in Crete	1645
Conquest of Chisamo and Souda in Crete	1646
Siege of Candia (Heraklion) in Crete begins Siege of Candia The Siege of Candia was a military conflict in which Ottoman forces besieged the Venetian-ruled city and were ultimately victorious. Lasting from 1648 to 1669, it was possibly the longest siege in history.-Background:...	1648
Capture of the Isle of Lundy in the Bristol Channel with a force of 40 ships. Lundy becomes the main base of the Ottoman marine operations in the Atlantic Ocean for the next 5 years	1655
Landings at England, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark	1655 1660
Final stage of the Siege of Candia, ends with capture of city. End of the Cretan war.	1666–1669
Conquest of the castles controlling the Black Sea entrance of the Dnieper River	1679

Stagnation (1699–1827)

Event	Date	Result
Reconquest of Chios Chios Chios is the fifth largest of the Greek islands, situated in the Aegean Sea, seven kilometres off the Asia Minor coast. The island is noted for its strong merchant shipping community, its unique mastic gum and its medieval villages... during the Seventh Turkish–Venetian War (1684–1699) Morean War The Morean War is the better known name for the Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War. The war was fought between 1684-1699, as part of the wider conflict known as the "Great Turkish War", between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire...	1695
Conquest of Oran, the final Spanish stronghold in Algeria	1708
Reconquest of Moldavia and Azov from the Russians	1711
Start of the Seventh Turkish–Venetian War (1714–1718) Turkish–Venetian War (1714–1718) The Eighth Ottoman–Venetian War was fought between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire between 1714 and 1718. It was the last conflict between the two powers, and ended with an Ottoman victory and the loss of Venice's major possession in the Greek peninsula, the Peloponnese... with the reconquest of Morea Morea The Morea was the name of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece during the Middle Ages and the early modern period...	1715
Conquest of Souda in Crete and the island of Tinos Tinos Tinos is a Greek island situated in the Aegean Sea. It is located in the Cyclades archipelago. In ancient times, Tinos was also known as Ophiussa and Hydroessa . The closest islands are Andros, Delos, and Mykonos... in the Cyclades	1715
Unsuccessful siege of Corfu Corfu Corfu is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea. It is the second largest of the Ionian Islands, and its northern part lies off the coast of Sarandë, Albania from which it is separated by straits varying in breadth from 3 to 23 km , including one near ancient Butrint, while its southern part lies...	1716	Ottoman failure
Turkish-Russian War	1738
Landings at the entrance of the Dniester River and northern Crimea	1769
Reconquest of Morea and Lemnos after the Orlov Revolt Orlov Revolt The Orlov Revolt was a precursor to the Greek War of Independence , which saw a Greek uprising in the Peloponnese at the instigation of Count Orlov, commander of the Russian Naval Forces of the Russo-Turkish War...	1770
Battle of Chesme	1770
Defeat of the Russian fleet near Yılan Island	1787
Capture of Corfu from the French by joint Russian-Turkish fleet	1799	Creation of Septinsular Republic Septinsular Republic The Septinsular Republic was an island republic that existed from 1800 to 1807 under nominal Ottoman sovereignty in the Ionian Islands. It was the first time Greeks had been granted even limited self-government since the fall of the last remnants of the Byzantine Empire to the Ottomans in the...
Reconquest of Egypt	1801
Reconquest of Medina, Mecca and Hijaz in Arabia	1812 1813
Greek Revolution begins	1821
Recapture of Chios from the Greek rebels and massacre of the population Chios Massacre The Chios Massacre refers to the slaughter of tens of thousands of Greeks on the island of Chios by Ottoman troops in 1822.-Background:For over 2,000 years, Chios merchants and shipowners had been prominent in trade and diplomacy throughout the Black Sea, the Aegean, and the Mediterranean...	1822
First Siege of Messolonghi First Siege of Messolonghi The First Siege of Messolonghi was an attempt by Ottoman forces to capture the strategically located port town of Messolonghi during the early stages of the Greek War of Independence.-Siege:...	1822
Recapture of the island of Psara Psara Psara is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea. It lies northwest of Khios, 22 km from the northwestern point of the island of Khios and 150 km eastnortheast of Athens. The length and width is about 7 x 8 km and the area of the island is 43 km².Psara had 422 inhabitants according... from the Greek rebels and massacre of its population Destruction of Psara The Destruction of Psara was an event in which the Ottomans destroyed the civilian population of the Greek island of Psara on July 5, 1824. According to George Finlay, the entire population of the island Psara before the massacre was about 7,000....	1824
Third Siege of Messolonghi	1825–1826
Battle of Navarino Battle of Navarino The naval Battle of Navarino was fought on 20 October 1827, during the Greek War of Independence in Navarino Bay, on the west coast of the Peloponnese peninsula, in the Ionian Sea. A combined Ottoman and Egyptian armada was destroyed by a combined British, French and Russian naval force...	1827
Defeat of the Russian forces in the Crimean War Crimean War The Crimean War was fought between the Russian Empire on one side and an alliance of the British Empire, France, the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia on the other. The war was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining... , assisted by France, the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Sardinia	1854 1856
Reconquest of the islands controlling the Black Sea entrance of the Danube River	1857
Reconquest of Montenegro and Shkodër	1862

Dissolution (1908–1922)

Event	Date	Result
Battle of Gallipoli Battle of Gallipoli The Gallipoli Campaign took place at Gallipoli peninsula in Turkey from 25 April 1915 to 9 January 1916, during the First World War. A joint British Empire and French operation was mounted to capture the Ottoman capital of Istanbul, and secure a sea route to Russia...	1915

List of Ottoman sieges and landings

Rise (1299–1453)

Growth (1453–1683)

Stagnation (1699–1827)

Dissolution (1908–1922)

See also