List of New World monkey species
Encyclopedia
New World monkeys are all simian
Simian
The simians are the "higher primates" familiar to most people: the Old World monkeys and apes, including humans, , and the New World monkeys or platyrrhines. Simians tend to be larger than the "lower primates" or prosimians.- Classification and evolution :The simians are split into three groups...

 primate
Primate
A primate is a mammal of the order Primates , which contains prosimians and simians. Primates arose from ancestors that lived in the trees of tropical forests; many primate characteristics represent adaptations to life in this challenging three-dimensional environment...

s. While they are endemic to South
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...

 and Central America
Central America
Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas. It is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast. When considered part of the unified continental model, it is considered a subcontinent...

, their ancestors migrated
Rafting event
Oceanic dispersal is a type of biological dispersal that occurs when organisms transfer from one land mass to another by way of a sea crossing on large clumps of floating vegetation. Such matted clumps of vegetation are often seen floating down major rivers in the tropics and washing out to sea,...

 from Africa
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...

 the Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about , it covers approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and about 26% of its water surface area...

 was much narrower.

Taxonomic classification

  • Infraorder Simiiformes
    • Parvorder Platyrrhini - New World monkeys
      • Family Callitrichidae: marmosets and tamarins
        • Genus Callithrix
          Callithrix
          Callithrix is a genus of New World Monkeys of the family Callitrichidae, the family containing marmosets and tamarins. The genus contains the Atlantic forest marmosets. The genera Mico and Callibella were formerly considered a subgenus of the genus Callithrix...

        • Genus Mico
          Mico (genus)
          Mico is a genus of New World monkeys of the family Callitrichidae, the family containing marmosets and tamarins. The genus was formerly considered a subgenus of the genus Callithrix.-Taxonomy:...

        • Genus Callibella
        • Genus Cebuella
        • Genus Leontopithecus: lion tamarins
        • Genus Saguinus
        • Genus Callimico
          Goeldi's Marmoset
          Goeldi's marmoset or Goeldi's monkey is a small, South American New World monkey that lives in the upper Amazon Basin region of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru...

      • Family Cebidae
        Cebidae
        The Cebidae is one of the five families of New World monkeys now recognised. It includes the capuchin monkeys and squirrel monkeys. These species are found throughout tropical and subtropical South and Central America.-Characteristics:...

        : capuchins and squirrel monkeys
        • Genus Cebus
          CEBus
          CEBus, short for Consumer Electronics Bus, also known as EIA-600, is a set of electrical standards and communication protocols for electronic devices to transmit commands and data...

          : capuchins
        • Genus Saimiri: squirrel monkeys
      • Family Aotidae
        Night monkey
        The night monkeys, also known as the owl monkeys or douroucoulis, are the members of the genus Aotus of New World monkeys . They are widely distributed in the forests of Central and South America, from Panama south to Paraguay and northern Argentina...

        : night or owl monkeys, also called douroucoulis
        • Genus Aotus
          Night monkey
          The night monkeys, also known as the owl monkeys or douroucoulis, are the members of the genus Aotus of New World monkeys . They are widely distributed in the forests of Central and South America, from Panama south to Paraguay and northern Argentina...

      • Family Pitheciidae
        Pitheciidae
        The Pitheciidae are one of the five families of New World monkeys now recognised. Formerly they were included in the family Atelidae. The family includes the titis, saki monkeys and uakaris...

        : titis, sakis and uakaris
        • Subfamily Callicebinae
          • Genus Callicebus
        • Subfamily Pitheciinae
          Pitheciinae
          Pitheciinae is a subfamily of the New World monkey family Pitheciidae. It contains three genera and 9 species. Pitheciines are forest dwellers from northern and central South America, east of the Andes....

          • Genus Pithecia
          • Genus Chiropotes
          • Genus Cacajao
            Uakari
            Uakari is the common name for the New World monkeys of the genus Cacajao. Both the English and scientific names are believed to have originated from indigenous languages....

      • Family Atelidae
        Atelidae
        Atelidae is one of the five families of New World monkeys now recognised. It was formerly included in the family Cebidae. Atelids are generally larger monkeys; the family includes the howler, spider, woolly and woolly spider monkeys...

        : howler, spider and woolly monkeys
        • Subfamily Alouattinae
          • Genus Alouatta
        • Subfamily Atelinae
          Atelinae
          Atelinae is a subfamily of New World monkeys in the family Atelidae, and includes the various spider and woolly monkeys. The primary distinguishing feature of the atelines is their long prehensile tail which can support their entire body weight....

          • Genus Ateles
            Spider monkey
            Spider monkeys of the genus Ateles are New World monkeys in the subfamily Atelinae, family Atelidae. Like other atelines, they are found in tropical forests of Central and South America, from southern Mexico to Brazil...

          • Genus Brachyteles
          • Genus Lagothrix
          • Genus Oreonax
            Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey
            The yellow-tailed woolly monkey is a New World monkey endemic to Peru. It is a rare primate species found only in the Peruvian Andes, in the departments of Amazonas and San Martin as well as bordering areas of La Libertad, Huanuco and Loreto...


Key

Scientific Name Latin binomial name, or Latin name, of the species
Common Name Common name of the species, per Wilson, et al. Mammal Species of the World (2005) or Rylands and Mittermeier The Diversity of the New World Primates (Platyrrhini) in Garber, et al. South American Primates: Comparative Perspectives in the Study of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation (2009)
Family Family within the Parvorder Platyrrhini to which the species belongs
Classified Date in which the species was formally described and classified, as well as the binomial authority on the species
Average Size Average size of adult members of the species, in metric
Metric system
The metric system is an international decimalised system of measurement. France was first to adopt a metric system, in 1799, and a metric system is now the official system of measurement, used in almost every country in the world...

 and English weight units
Estimated Size Estimated average size of adult members of the extinct species
Conservation Status Conservation status of the species, per IUCN as of 2008
Extinction Date Year of extinction or estimated date range for subfossil
Subfossil
Subfossil refers to remains whose fossilization process is not complete, either for lack of time or because the conditions in which they were buried were not optimal for fossilization....

 species, in BCE/CE
Common Era
Common Era ,abbreviated as CE, is an alternative designation for the calendar era originally introduced by Dionysius Exiguus in the 6th century, traditionally identified with Anno Domini .Dates before the year 1 CE are indicated by the usage of BCE, short for Before the Common Era Common Era...


Family: Callitrichidae

Scientific Name Common Name Classified Average Size Conservation Status References
Callithrix jacchus Common Marmoset
Common Marmoset
The common marmoset is a New World monkey. It originally lived on the Northeastern coast of Brazil, in the states of Piaui, Paraiba, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Alagoas and Bahia...

1758 Linnaeus
Carolus Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...

Callithrix penicillata Black-tufted Marmoset
Black-tufted Marmoset
The black-tufted marmoset , also known as Mico-estrela in Portuguese, is a species of New World monkey that lives primarily in the Neo-tropical gallery forests of the Brazilian Central Plateau. It ranges from Bahia to Paraná, and as far inland as Goiás, between 14 and 25 degrees south of the equator...

1812 É. Geoffroy
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition". He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck's evolutionary theories...

Callithrix kuhlii Wied's Marmoset
Wied's Marmoset
Wied's marmoset , also known as Wied's black-tufted-ear marmoset, is a New World monkey that lives in tropical and subtropical forests of southeastern Brazil. Unlike other marmosets, Wied's marmoset lives in groups consisting of 4 or 5 females and 2 or 3 males . They are matriarchal, and only the...

1985 Coimbra-Filho
Callithrix geoffroyi White-headed Marmoset
White-headed Marmoset
The white-headed marmoset , also known as the tufted-ear marmoset or Geoffrey's marmoset, is a marmoset endemic to Brazil....

1812 E. Geoffroy
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition". He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck's evolutionary theories...

Callithrix flaviceps Buffy-headed Marmoset
Buffy-headed Marmoset
The buffy-headed marmoset is a rare species of marmoset endemic to the rainforests of south-eastern Brazil. It occurs in southern Espírito Santo and possibly northern Rio de Janeiro and its distribution extends into Minas Gerais....

1903 Thomas
Oldfield Thomas
Oldfield Thomas FRS was a British zoologist.Thomas worked at the Natural History Museum on mammals, describing about 2,000 new species and sub-species for the first time. He was appointed to the Museum Secretary's office in 1876, transferring to the Zoological Department in 1878...

Callithrix aurita Buffy-tufted Marmoset
Buffy-tufted Marmoset
The buffy-tufted marmoset , also known as the buffy tufted-ear marmoset or white-eared marmoset, is a New World monkey that lives in the forests on the Atlantic coast of southeast Brazil. Of all the marmosets, they have the southernmost range.Buffy-tufted marmoset resemble common marmosets but are...

1812 E. Geoffroy
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition". He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck's evolutionary theories...

Mico acariensis Rio Acari Marmoset
Rio Acari Marmoset
The Rio Acari marmoset, Mico acariensis, is a marmoset species endemic to Brazil.-References:...

2000 van Roosmaalen et al.
Mico argentata Silvery Marmoset
Silvery Marmoset
The silvery marmoset is a New World monkey that lives in Brazil, south and east of the Amazon basin. Compared to other marmosets, they have a very isolated habitat....

1766 Linnaeus
Carolus Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...

Mico leucippe White Marmoset
White Marmoset
The white marmoset , or golden-white bare-ear marmoset, is a marmoset species endemic to Brazil.-References:...

1922 Thomas
Oldfield Thomas
Oldfield Thomas FRS was a British zoologist.Thomas worked at the Natural History Museum on mammals, describing about 2,000 new species and sub-species for the first time. He was appointed to the Museum Secretary's office in 1876, transferring to the Zoological Department in 1878...

Mico emiliae Emilia's Marmoset
Emilia's Marmoset
Emilia's marmoset , also known as Snethlage's marmoset, is a marmoset endemic to Brazil. It is found only in the Brazilian states of Pará and Mato Grosso. It was named to honour German-born Brazilian ornithologist Emilie Snethlage....

1920 Thomas
Oldfield Thomas
Oldfield Thomas FRS was a British zoologist.Thomas worked at the Natural History Museum on mammals, describing about 2,000 new species and sub-species for the first time. He was appointed to the Museum Secretary's office in 1876, transferring to the Zoological Department in 1878...

Mico nigriceps Black-headed Marmoset
Black-headed Marmoset
The black-headed marmoset is a marmoset species endemic to Brazil.-References:*...

1992 Ferrari and Lopes
Mico manicorensis Manicore Marmoset
Manicore Marmoset
The Manicore marmoset is a marmoset species endemic to Brazil. It was discovered less than 200 miles from Manaus, near the Madeira River. Its body is light grey, with orange legs, a black tail, a pinkish face, and naked ears. It is about 9 inches long, excluding the tail, and it has a 15-inch...

2000 van Roosmaalen et al.
Mico marcai Marca's Marmoset
Marca's Marmoset
Marca's marmoset is a species of marmoset that is endemic to the Amazon near the Aripuanã River in Brazil. It is virtually unknown; in 2008 the IUCN noted that it had never been seen in the wild, though it has been observed since then....

1993 Alperin
Mico melanura Black-tailed Marmoset
Black-tailed Marmoset
The black-tailed marmoset is a species of New World monkey from central South America, where ranging from the south-central Amazon in Brazil, south through the Pantanal and eastern Bolivia, to the Chaco in far northern Paraguay...

1812 É. Geoffroy
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition". He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck's evolutionary theories...

Mico humeralifera Santarem Marmoset
Santarem Marmoset
The Santarem marmoset , also known as a black and white tassel-ear marmoset is a marmoset endemic to Brazil. It is found in a very restricted area between the Rio Tapajos and lower Rio Madeira and Rio Roosevelt....

1812 É. Geoffroy
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition". He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck's evolutionary theories...

Mico mauesi Maués Marmoset
Maués Marmoset
Maués marmoset is a marmoset endemic to Brazil. It is found only on the west bank of the Rio Maues-Acu, in the Amazonas state.-References:...

1992 R.A. Mittermeier
Russell Mittermeier
Russell Alan Mittermeier is a primatologist, herpetologist and biological anthropologist. He has written several books for both popular and scientist audiences, and has authored some 300 scientific papers.-Biography:...

, Schwarz & Ayres
Mico chrysoleuca Gold-and-white Marmoset
Gold-and-white Marmoset
The gold-and-white marmoset, Mico chrysoleuca, is a marmoset species endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:...

1842 Wagner
Johann Andreas Wagner
Johann Andreas Wagner was a German palaeontologist, zoologist and archaeologist.Wagner was a professor at the University of Munich, and curator of the Zoologische Staatssammlung ....

Mico intermedia Hershkovitz's Marmoset
Hershkovitz's Marmoset
Hershkovitz's marmoset , also known as the Aripuanã marmoset is a marmoset species endemic to Brazil. The common name is a reference to American zoologist Philip Hershkovitz.-External links:*...

1977 Hershkovitz
Philip Hershkovitz
Philip Hershkovitz was an American mammalogist. Born in Pittsburgh, he attended the Universities of Pittsburgh and Michigan and lived in South America collecting mammals. In 1947, he was appointed a curator at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago and he continued to work there until his...

Callibella humilis Roosmalens' Dwarf Marmoset
Roosmalens' Dwarf Marmoset
Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset , also known as the black-crowned dwarf marmoset, is a small New World monkey native to the Amazon Rainforest, on the east bank of the lower Madeira River, and the west bank of the Aripuanã River, in Brazil. It has the smallest distribution of any primate in Amazonia...

1998 van Roosmalen
Marc van Roosmalen
Dr. Marc van Roosmalen is a Brazilian primatologist of Dutch birth living in Manaus in Brazil. He was elected as one of the "Heroes of the Planet" by Time Magazine in 2000...

 et al.
Cebuella pygmaea Pygmy Marmoset
Pygmy Marmoset
The pygmy marmoset or dwarf monkey is a New World monkey native to the rainforest canopies of western Brazil, southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and northern Bolivia. It is one of the smallest primates, and the smallest true monkey, with its body length ranging from...

1823 Spix
Johann Baptist von Spix
Dr. Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix was a German naturalist.Spix was born in Höchstadt, Middle Franconia, as the seventh of eleven children. His boyhood home is the site of the Spix Museum , opened to the public in 2004...

Leontopithecus rosalia Golden Lion Tamarin
Golden Lion Tamarin
The golden lion tamarin also known as the golden marmoset, is a small New World monkey of the family Callitrichidae...

1766 Linnaeus
Carolus Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...

Leontopithecus chrysomelas Golden-headed Lion Tamarin
Golden-headed Lion Tamarin
The golden-headed lion tamarin is a lion tamarin endemic to Brazil. It is found only in the lowland and premontane tropical forest fragments in the state of Bahia, and therefore is considered to be an endangered species. It lives at heights of . Its preferred habitat is within mature forest, but...

1820 Kuhl
Heinrich Kuhl
Heinrich Kuhl was a German naturalist and zoologist.Kuhl was born in Hanau. He became assistant to Coenraad Jacob Temminck at the Leiden museum. In 1817 he published a monograph on bats and in 1819 he published Conspectus psittacorum...

Leontopithecus chrysopygus Black Lion Tamarin
Black Lion Tamarin
The black lion tamarin also known as the golden-rumped lion tamarin is a lion tamarin endemic to the Brazilian state of São Paulo, almost exclusively at the Morro do Diabo State Park. The lion tamarins are of the rarest of the New world monkeys and for this reason, so little is none about them...

1823 Mikan
Johann Christian Mikan
Johann Christian Mikan, was an Austrian-Czech botanist, zoologist and entomologist. He was the son of Joseph Gottfried Mikan....

Leontopithecus caissara Superagui Lion Tamarin
Superagui Lion Tamarin
The Superagui lion tamarin is a small New World primate of the family Callitrichidae. It is an endemic Brazilian lion tamarin, found in a small area in the coastal Atlantic Forest region of southeast Brazil, and named after a man-made island called Superagui.-External links:*ARKive - *...

1990 Lorini & Persson
Saguinus midas Red-handed Tamarin
Red-handed Tamarin
The red-handed tamarin , also known as the golden-handed tamarin or Midas tamarin, is a New World monkey named for the contrasting reddish-orange hair on their feet and hands. It is native to wooded areas north of the Amazon River in Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, and possibly Venezuela...

1758 Linnaeus
Carolus Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...

Saguinus niger Black Tamarin
Black Tamarin
The black tamarin or black-handed tamarin, is a species of tamarin endemic to Brazil. It has traditionally been treated as a subspecies of the Red-handed Tamarin, but lacks the contrasting reddish-orange feet and hands of that species....

1803 É. Geoffroy
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition". He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck's evolutionary theories...

Saguinus nigricollis Black-mantled Tamarin
Black-mantled Tamarin
The black-mantled tamarin, Saguinus nigricollis, is a species of tamarin from the northwestern Amazon in far western Brazil, southeastern Colombia and northeastern Peru. It has often included the Graells's Tamarin as a subspecies , but differs from that species in having reddish-orange rump and...

1823 Spix
Johann Baptist von Spix
Dr. Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix was a German naturalist.Spix was born in Höchstadt, Middle Franconia, as the seventh of eleven children. His boyhood home is the site of the Spix Museum , opened to the public in 2004...

Saguinus graellsi Graells's Tamarin
Graells's Tamarin
Graells's tamarin, Saguinus graellsi, is a species of tamarin from the northwestern Amazon in southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru. It has often been treated as a subspecies of the Black-mantled Tamarin, but differs from that species in having a dull olive-brown lower back,...

1870 Jimenez de la Espada
Saguinus fuscicollis Brown-mantled Tamarin
Brown-mantled Tamarin
The brown-mantled tamarin , also known as the saddleback tamarin or the Andean saddle-back tamarin, is a species of tamarin from South America...

1823 Spix
Johann Baptist von Spix
Dr. Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix was a German naturalist.Spix was born in Höchstadt, Middle Franconia, as the seventh of eleven children. His boyhood home is the site of the Spix Museum , opened to the public in 2004...

Saguinus melanoleucus White-mantled Tamarin
White-mantled Tamarin
The White-mantled tamarin, Saguinus melanoleucus, is a species of tamarin from South America. It is found in Brazil, between Rio Jurua and Rio Tarauacá.-Subspecies:*S. m. crandalli Crandall‘s saddleback tamarin or Crandall's saddle-back tamarin...

1912 Ribeiro
Saguinus tripartitus Golden-mantled Tamarin
Golden-mantled Tamarin
The golden-mantled tamarin is a tamarin species from South America. It is found in Ecuador and Peru, specifically in the upper Amazon , east of the Andes in Ecuador, and Northeast Peru; between the Rio Curaray and Rio Napo in Peru.-Taxonomic classification:There are seventeen species in this...

1878 Milne-Edwards
Henri Milne-Edwards
Henri Milne-Edwards was an eminent French zoologist.Henri Milne-Edwards was the 27th child of William Edwards, an English planter and militia colonel in Jamaica and Elisabeth Vaux, a French. He was born in Bruges, Belgium, where his parents had retired. At that time, Bruges was a part of the...

Saguinus mystax Moustached Tamarin
Moustached Tamarin
The moustached tamarin or Spix's moustached tamarin is a tamarin found in tropical forests in Brazil and Peru. It is black with a white moustache, white nose, and brownish back...

1803 Spix
Johann Baptist von Spix
Dr. Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix was a German naturalist.Spix was born in Höchstadt, Middle Franconia, as the seventh of eleven children. His boyhood home is the site of the Spix Museum , opened to the public in 2004...

Saguinus pileatus Red-capped Tamarin
Red-capped Tamarin
The red-capped tamarin, Saguinus pileatus, is a species of tamarin from South America. It is found in Brazil, on the eastern margin of Lago de Téfé.It grows to 56 cm long....

1848 I. Geoffroy
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French zoologist and an authority on deviation from normal structure. He coined the term ethology.He was born in Paris, the son of Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire...

 and Deville
Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville
Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville was a French chemist.He was born in the island of St Thomas, West Indies, where his father was French consul. Together with his elder brother Charles he was educated in Paris at the College Rollin...

Saguinus labiatus White-lipped Tamarin
White-lipped Tamarin
The white-lipped tamarin , also known as the red-bellied tamarin, is a tamarin which lives in the Amazon area of Brazil and Bolivia....

1812 E. Geoffroy
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition". He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck's evolutionary theories...

Saguinus imperator Emperor Tamarin
Emperor Tamarin
The Emperor Tamarin is a tamarin allegedly named for its resemblance to the German emperor Wilhelm II. It lives in the southwest Amazon Basin, in east Peru, north Bolivia and in the west Brazilian states of Acre and Amazonas....

1907 Goeldi
Saguinus bicolor Pied Tamarin
Pied Tamarin
The pied tamarin is an endangered primate species found in a restricted area in the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest.- Range :...

1823 Spix
Johann Baptist von Spix
Dr. Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix was a German naturalist.Spix was born in Höchstadt, Middle Franconia, as the seventh of eleven children. His boyhood home is the site of the Spix Museum , opened to the public in 2004...

Saguinus martinsi Martins's Tamarin
Martins's Tamarin
Martins's tamarin, Saguinus martinsi, is a species of tamarin endemic to Brazil.-References:*...

1912 Thomas
Oldfield Thomas
Oldfield Thomas FRS was a British zoologist.Thomas worked at the Natural History Museum on mammals, describing about 2,000 new species and sub-species for the first time. He was appointed to the Museum Secretary's office in 1876, transferring to the Zoological Department in 1878...

Saguinus oedipus Cottontop Tamarin
Cottontop Tamarin
The cotton-top tamarin , also known as the Pinché tamarin, is a small New World monkey weighing less than 1 lb...

1758 Linnaeus
Saguinus geoffroyi Geoffroy's Tamarin
Geoffroy's Tamarin
Geoffroy's tamarin , also known as the Panamanian, red-crested or rufous-naped tamarin, is a tamarin, a type of small monkey, found in Panama and Colombia. It is predominantly black and white, with a reddish nape. Diurnal, Geoffroy's tamarin spends most of its time in trees, but does come down to...

1845 Pucheran
Jacques Pucheran
Jacques Pucheran was a French zoologist.Pucheran accompanied the expedition on the Astrolabe between 1837 and 1840, under the command of Jules Dumont d'Urville, with fellow-naturalists Jacques Bernard Hombron and Honoré Jacquinot...

Saguinus leucopus White-footed Tamarin
White-footed Tamarin
The white-footed tamarin is a tamarin species endemic to Colombia.-References:*...

1877 Günther
Albert C. L. G. Günther
Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther FRS, also Albert Charles Lewis Gotthilf Günther , was a German-born British zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist....

Saguinus inustus Mottle-faced Tamarin
Mottle-faced Tamarin
The mottle-faced tamarin, Saguinus inustus, is a species of tamarin from South America. It is found in Brazil and Colombia.-References:*...

1951 Schwartz
Callimico goeldii Goeldi's Marmoset
Goeldi's Marmoset
Goeldi's marmoset or Goeldi's monkey is a small, South American New World monkey that lives in the upper Amazon Basin region of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru...

1904 Thomas
Oldfield Thomas
Oldfield Thomas FRS was a British zoologist.Thomas worked at the Natural History Museum on mammals, describing about 2,000 new species and sub-species for the first time. He was appointed to the Museum Secretary's office in 1876, transferring to the Zoological Department in 1878...


Family: Cebidae

Scientific Name Common Name Classified Average Size Conservation Status References
Cebus capucinus White-headed Capuchin
White-headed Capuchin
The white-headed capuchin , also known as the white-faced capuchin or white-throated capuchin, is a medium-sized New World monkey of the family Cebidae, subfamily Cebinae...

1758 Linnaeus
Carolus Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...

Cebus albifrons White-fronted Capuchin
White-fronted Capuchin
The white-fronted capuchin, Cebus albifrons, is a species of capuchin monkey, a type of New World primate, found in seven different countries in South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago...

1812 Humboldt
Alexander von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander Freiherr von Humboldt was a German naturalist and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt...

Cebus olivaceus Weeper Capuchin
Weeper Capuchin
The weeper capuchin is a capuchin monkey from South America. It is found in northern Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela and possibly northern Colombia.-Diet:...

1848 Schomburgk
Robert Hermann Schomburgk
Sir Robert Hermann Schomburgk , was a German-born explorer for Great Britain who carried out geographical, ethnological and botanical studies in South America and the West Indies, and also fulfilled diplomatic missions for Great Britain in the Dominican Republic and Thailand.-Biography:Schomburgk...

Cebus kaapori Kaapori Capuchin
Kaapori Capuchin
The Kaapori capuchin is a capuchin monkey endemic to Brazil. This species is found in the Brazilian states of Pará and Maranhão. Formerly considered a subspecies of the weeper capuchin , it was recently elevated to species status....

1992 Queiroz
Helder Queiroz
Helder Lima de Queiroz is a Brazilian conservation biologist, primatologist, and fish behaviorist. He is the Deputy Director of the Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá in Amazonas state, dedicated to protecting the biodiversity of the Amazon flood forest and the well-being of those...

Cebus apella Tufted Capuchin
Tufted Capuchin
The tufted capuchin , also known as brown capuchin or black-capped capuchin is a New World primate from South America...

1758 Linnaeus
Carolus Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...

Cebus libidinosus Black-striped Capuchin
Black-striped Capuchin
The black-striped capuchin, Cebus libidinosus, also known as the bearded capuchin, is a capuchin monkey from South America. It was the first non-ape primate where tool usage was documented in the wild, as individuals have been seen cracking nuts by placing them on a stone "anvil" while hitting them...

1823 Spix
Johann Baptist von Spix
Dr. Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix was a German naturalist.Spix was born in Höchstadt, Middle Franconia, as the seventh of eleven children. His boyhood home is the site of the Spix Museum , opened to the public in 2004...

Cebus nigritus Black Capuchin
Black Capuchin
The black capuchin, Cebus nigritus, also known as the black-horned capuchin, is a capuchin monkey from the Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil and far north-eastern Argentina. Historically, it was included as a subspecies of the Tufted Capuchin....

1809 Goldfuss
Georg August Goldfuss
Georg August Goldfuss was a German palaeontologist and zoologist.-Biography:Goldfuss was born at Thurnau near Bayreuth. He was educated at Erlangen, where he graduated Ph.D. in 1804 and became professor of zoology in 1818. He was subsequently appointed professor of zoology and mineralogy at the...

Cebus xanthosternos Golden-bellied Capuchin
Golden-bellied Capuchin
The golden-bellied capuchin , also known as the yellow-breasted or buffy-headed capuchin, is one of several species of New World monkeys....

1826 Wied
Cebus flavius Blond Capuchin
Blond Capuchin
The blond capuchin is a species of the Cebus apella group in capuchin monkeys, the genus Cebus. This critically endangered species was rediscovered in 2006. It is endemic to northeastern Brazil, and it is estimated that only about 180 individuals remain.-Classification:The blond capuchin was first...

1774 Schreber
Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber
Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber , often styled I.C.D. von Schreber, was a German naturalist.-Career:He was elected Professor of Materia medica at the University of Erlangen in 1769....

Saimiri oerstedii Central American Squirrel Monkey
Central American Squirrel Monkey
The Central American squirrel monkey is a squirrel monkey species from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and Panama. It is restricted to the northwestern tip of Panama near the border with Costa Rica, and the central and southern Pacific coast of Costa Rica, primarily in Manuel Antonio and Corcovado...

1872 Reinhardt
Johannes Theodor Reinhardt
Johannes Theodor Reinhardt was a Danish zoologist and herpetologist. He was the son of Johannes Christopher Hagemann Reinhardt....

Saimiri sciureus Common Squirrel Monkey
Common Squirrel Monkey
The common squirrel monkey is a small New World primate from the Cebidae family, and native to the tropical areas of South America.-Location:...

1758 Linnaeus
Carolus Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...

Saimiri ustus Bare-eared Squirrel Monkey
Bare-eared Squirrel Monkey
The bare-eared squirrel monkey is a squirrel monkey endemic to Brazil....

1843 I. Geoffroy
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French zoologist and an authority on deviation from normal structure. He coined the term ethology.He was born in Paris, the son of Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire...

Saimiri boliviensis Black-capped Squirrel Monkey
Black-capped Squirrel Monkey
The black-capped squirrel monkey is a South American squirrel monkey, found in Bolivia, Brazil and Peru. This South American monkey can be found at the Ellen Trout Zoo.-Subspecies:...

1834 I. Geoffroy
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French zoologist and an authority on deviation from normal structure. He coined the term ethology.He was born in Paris, the son of Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire...

 and Blainville
Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville
Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville was a French zoologist and anatomist.Blainville was born at Arques, near Dieppe. In about 1796 he went to Paris to study painting, but he ultimately devoted himself to natural history, and attracted the attention of Georges Cuvier, for whom he occasionally...

Saimiri vanzolinii Black Squirrel Monkey
Black Squirrel Monkey
The black squirrel monkey , also known as the blackish squirrel monkey or black-headed squirrel monkey, is a small New World primate, endemic to the central Amazon in Brazil...

1985 Ayres

Family: Aotidae

Scientific Name Common Name Classified Average Size Conservation Status References
Aotus lemurinus Gray-bellied Night Monkey
Gray-bellied Night Monkey
The gray-bellied night monkey , also called the lemurine owl monkey, is a small New World monkey of the family Aotidae...

1843 I. Geoffroy
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French zoologist and an authority on deviation from normal structure. He coined the term ethology.He was born in Paris, the son of Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire...

Aotus zonalis Panamanian Night Monkey
Panamanian Night Monkey
The Panamanian night monkey or Chocoan night monkey is a species of night monkey formerly considered a subspecies of the gray-bellied night monkey of the family Aotidae. Its range consists of Panama and the Chocó region of Colombia. There are also unconfirmed reports of its occurrence in Costa...

1843 I. Geoffroy
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French zoologist and an authority on deviation from normal structure. He coined the term ethology.He was born in Paris, the son of Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire...

Aotus griseimembra Gray-handed Night Monkey
Gray-handed Night Monkey
The gray-handed night monkey is a species of night monkey formerly considered a subspecies of Gray-bellied night monkey of the family Aotidae. Its range consists of parts of Colombia and Venezuela. The exact classification of the gray-handed night monkey is uncertain. While some authors consider...

1912 Elliot
Daniel Giraud Elliot
Daniel Giraud Elliot was an American zoologist.Elliot was one of the founders of the American Museum of Natural History in New York and the American Ornithologists' Union. He was also curator of zoology at the Field Museum in Chicago.Elliot used his wealth to publish a series of sumptuous...

Aotus jorgehernandezi Hernández-Camacho's Night Monkey
Hernández-Camacho's Night Monkey
The Hernández-Camacho's night monkey is a species of night monkey of the family Aotidae. It was first described in 2007 by Thomas Defler and Marta Bueno. It has a gray neck and a white patch over each eye, separated by a black band. The fur on the chest, belly, lower arms and lower wrists is...

2007 Defler
Thomas Defler
Thomas R. Defler is a North American primatologist who has lived and worked in Colombia for many years. He earned his PhD from the University of Colorado at Denver in 1976 and then he moved to Colombia...

 and Bueno
Aotus brumbacki Brumback's Night Monkey
Brumback's Night Monkey
Brumback's night monkey is a species of night monkey found in Colombia. It has traditionally been considered a subspecies of A. lemurinus, but it has recently been argued that it should be considered a separate species....

1983 Hershkovitz
Philip Hershkovitz
Philip Hershkovitz was an American mammalogist. Born in Pittsburgh, he attended the Universities of Pittsburgh and Michigan and lived in South America collecting mammals. In 1947, he was appointed a curator at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago and he continued to work there until his...

Aotus trivirgatus Three-striped Night Monkey
Three-striped Night Monkey
The three-striped night monkey , also known as northern night monkey or northern owl monkey, is one of several species of owl monkeys currently recognised. It is found in Venezuela and north-central Brazil....

1823 Spix
Johann Baptist von Spix
Dr. Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix was a German naturalist.Spix was born in Höchstadt, Middle Franconia, as the seventh of eleven children. His boyhood home is the site of the Spix Museum , opened to the public in 2004...

Aotus vociferans Spix's Night Monkey
Spix's Night Monkey
Spix's night monkey, Aotus vociferans, is a night monkey species from South America. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru....

1811 Humboldt
Alexander von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander Freiherr von Humboldt was a German naturalist and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt...

Aotus miconax Peruvian Night Monkey
Peruvian Night Monkey
The Peruvian night monkey is a nocturnal New World monkey endemic to northeastern Peru. Adults weigh around and measure up to in length. Its colour is grey to light brown with characteristic black and white markings on the face...

1927 Thomas
Oldfield Thomas
Oldfield Thomas FRS was a British zoologist.Thomas worked at the Natural History Museum on mammals, describing about 2,000 new species and sub-species for the first time. He was appointed to the Museum Secretary's office in 1876, transferring to the Zoological Department in 1878...

Aotus nancymaae Nancy Ma's Night Monkey
Nancy Ma's Night Monkey
Nancy Ma's night monkey is a night monkey species from South America. It is found in Brazil, Colombia and Peru.It is known in medical research as a model organism for studying the Duffy antigen.-References:...

1983 Hershkovitz
Philip Hershkovitz
Philip Hershkovitz was an American mammalogist. Born in Pittsburgh, he attended the Universities of Pittsburgh and Michigan and lived in South America collecting mammals. In 1947, he was appointed a curator at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago and he continued to work there until his...

Aotus azarae Azara's Night Monkey
Azara's Night Monkey
Azara's night monkey, Aotus azarae, is a night monkey species from South America. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Peru and Paraguay. It is named after Spanish naturalist Félix de Azara.There are three subspecies of this monkey:...

1811 Humboldt
Alexander von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander Freiherr von Humboldt was a German naturalist and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt...

Aotus nigriceps Black-headed Night Monkey
Black-headed Night Monkey
The Black-headed night monkey is a night monkey species from South America. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Peru.-References:...

1909 Dollman
Guy Dollman
Captain John Guy Dollman BA, FLS , known as Guy Dollman, was a British zoologist and taxonomist. Dollman's Tree Mouse Dollman's Vlei Rat are named after him.-Life and work:...


Subfamily: Callicebinae

Scientific Name Common Name Classified Average Size Conservation Status References
Callicebus (Callicebus) donacophilus White-eared Titi
White-eared Titi
The white-eared titi, Callicebus donacophilus, also known as the Bolivian titi or Bolivian gray titi, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, from eastern Bolivia and a small area of Brazil. The species has a range that extends east from the Manique River in Beni Department, Bolivia to...

1837 d'Orbigny
Alcide d'Orbigny
Alcide Charles Victor Marie Dessalines d'Orbigny was a French naturalist who made major contributions in many areas, including zoology , palaeontology, geology, archaeology and anthropology....

Callicebus (Callicebus) modestus Rio Beni Titi
Rio Beni Titi
Rio Beni titi, Callicebus modestus, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Bolivia.-References:...

1939 Lönnberg
Einar Lönnberg
Axel Johann Einar Lönnberg was a Swedish zoologist.Lönnberg was born in Stockholm. He was head of the Vertebrate Department of the Swedish Natural History Museum from 1904 to 1932....

Callicebus (Callicebus) oenanthe Rio Mayo Titi
Rio Mayo Titi
The Rio Mayo titi, Callicebus oenanthe, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Peru.-References:...

1924 Thomas
Oldfield Thomas
Oldfield Thomas FRS was a British zoologist.Thomas worked at the Natural History Museum on mammals, describing about 2,000 new species and sub-species for the first time. He was appointed to the Museum Secretary's office in 1876, transferring to the Zoological Department in 1878...

Callicebus (Callicebus) olallae Ollala Brothers' Titi
Ollala Brothers' Titi
The Ollala Brothers' titi, Callicebus olallae, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Bolivia.-References:...

1939 Lönnberg
Einar Lönnberg
Axel Johann Einar Lönnberg was a Swedish zoologist.Lönnberg was born in Stockholm. He was head of the Vertebrate Department of the Swedish Natural History Museum from 1904 to 1932....

Callicebus (Callicebus) pallescens White-coated Titi
White-coated Titi
The white-coated titi, Callicebus pallescens, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, from South America. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay.-External links:*...

1907 Thomas
Oldfield Thomas
Oldfield Thomas FRS was a British zoologist.Thomas worked at the Natural History Museum on mammals, describing about 2,000 new species and sub-species for the first time. He was appointed to the Museum Secretary's office in 1876, transferring to the Zoological Department in 1878...

Callicebus (Callicebus) baptista Baptista Lake Titi
Baptista Lake Titi
The Baptista Lake titi, Callicebus baptista, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Brazil.-References:...

1939 Lönnberg
Einar Lönnberg
Axel Johann Einar Lönnberg was a Swedish zoologist.Lönnberg was born in Stockholm. He was head of the Vertebrate Department of the Swedish Natural History Museum from 1904 to 1932....

Callicebus (Callicebus) bernhardi Prince Bernhard's Titi
Prince Bernhard's Titi
Prince Bernhard's titi is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Brazil. It was formally described in 2002 by Marc van Roosmalen and Russell Mittermeier, and named after Prince Bernard of the Netherlands. This titi has dark orange sideburns and chest, a reddish brown back, and a...

2002 van Roosmalen
Marc van Roosmalen
Dr. Marc van Roosmalen is a Brazilian primatologist of Dutch birth living in Manaus in Brazil. He was elected as one of the "Heroes of the Planet" by Time Magazine in 2000...

 et al.
Callicebus (Callicebus) brunneus Brown Titi
Brown Titi
The brown titi, Callicebus brunneus, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, from South America. It is found in Brazil, Peru and Bolivia.-External links:*...

1842 Wagner
Johann Andreas Wagner
Johann Andreas Wagner was a German palaeontologist, zoologist and archaeologist.Wagner was a professor at the University of Munich, and curator of the Zoologische Staatssammlung ....

Callicebus (Callicebus) cinerascens Ashy Black Titi
Ashy Black Titi
The ashy black titi, Callicebus cinerascens, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Brazil.-References:...

1823 Spix
Johann Baptist von Spix
Dr. Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix was a German naturalist.Spix was born in Höchstadt, Middle Franconia, as the seventh of eleven children. His boyhood home is the site of the Spix Museum , opened to the public in 2004...

Callicebus (Callicebus) hoffmannsi Hoffmanns's Titi
Hoffmanns's Titi
Hoffmann's Titi, Callicebus hoffmannsi, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Brazil.-References:...

1908 Thomas
Oldfield Thomas
Oldfield Thomas FRS was a British zoologist.Thomas worked at the Natural History Museum on mammals, describing about 2,000 new species and sub-species for the first time. He was appointed to the Museum Secretary's office in 1876, transferring to the Zoological Department in 1878...

Callicebus (Callicebus) moloch Red-bellied Titi
Red-bellied Titi
The red-bellied titi or dusky titi, Callicebus moloch, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Brazil. It lives in forests and thickets....

1807 Hoffmannsegg
Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg
Johann Centurius Hoffmann Graf von Hoffmannsegg was a German botanist, entomologist and ornithologist.Hoffmannsegg was born at Rammenau and studied at Leipzig and Göttingen. He travelled through Europe acquiring vast collections of plants and animals. He visited Hungary, Austria and Italy in...

Callicebus (Callicebus) barbarabrownae Barbara Brown's Titi
Barbara Brown's Titi
Barbara Brown's titi, Callicebus barbarabrownae, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey. This critically endangered species is endemic to the Caatinga in northeastern Brazil, and it is estimated that less than 250 mature individuals remain....

1990 Hershkovitz
Philip Hershkovitz
Philip Hershkovitz was an American mammalogist. Born in Pittsburgh, he attended the Universities of Pittsburgh and Michigan and lived in South America collecting mammals. In 1947, he was appointed a curator at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago and he continued to work there until his...

Callicebus (Callicebus) coimbrai Coimbra Filho's Titi
Coimbra Filho's Titi
Coimbra Filho's titi or just Coimbra's titi is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, endemic to forests in the Brazilian states of Bahia and Sergipe. It was first discovered by Shuji Kobayashi. It is considered one of the most endangered of all Neotropical primates. It is named after...

1999 Kobayashi and Langguth
Callicebus (Callicebus) melanochir Coastal Black-handed Titi
Coastal Black-handed Titi
The coastal black-handed titi, Callicebus melanochir, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Brazil.-References:...

1820 Wied-Neuwied
Callicebus (Callicebus) nigrifrons Black-fronted Titi
Black-fronted Titi
The black-fronted titi, Callicebus nigrifrons, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Brazil.-References:...

1823 Spix
Johann Baptist von Spix
Dr. Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix was a German naturalist.Spix was born in Höchstadt, Middle Franconia, as the seventh of eleven children. His boyhood home is the site of the Spix Museum , opened to the public in 2004...

Callicebus (Callicebus) personatus Atlantic Titi
Atlantic Titi
The Atlantic titi or masked titi, Callicebus personatus, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Brazil.-Distribution and general features:...

1812 É. Geoffroy
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition". He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck's evolutionary theories...

 in Humboldt
Alexander von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander Freiherr von Humboldt was a German naturalist and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt...

Callicebus (Callicebus) caligatus Chestnut-bellied Titi
Chestnut-bellied Titi
The chestnut-bellied titi, Callicebus caligatus, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Brazil.-References:...

1842 Wagner
Johann Andreas Wagner
Johann Andreas Wagner was a German palaeontologist, zoologist and archaeologist.Wagner was a professor at the University of Munich, and curator of the Zoologische Staatssammlung ....

Callicebus (Callicebus) cupreus Coppery Titi
Coppery Titi
The coppery titi, Callicebus cupreus, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, from South America. It is found in the Amazon of Brazil and Peru, and perhaps Bolivia.-External links:*...

1823 Spix
Johann Baptist von Spix
Dr. Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix was a German naturalist.Spix was born in Höchstadt, Middle Franconia, as the seventh of eleven children. His boyhood home is the site of the Spix Museum , opened to the public in 2004...

Callicebus (Callicebus) discolor White-tailed Titi
White-tailed Titi
The white-tailed titi, Callicebus discolor, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, from South America. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.-References:...

1848 I. Geoffroy
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French zoologist and an authority on deviation from normal structure. He coined the term ethology.He was born in Paris, the son of Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire...

 and Deville
Emile Deville
Emile Deville was a French physician , naturalist and taxidermistEmile Deville, already an employee of Muséum national d'histoire naturelle joined the 1843 expedition of Francis de Laporte de Castelnau to South America with the doctor and botanist Hugh Algernon Weddell...

Callicebus (Callicebus) dubius Hershkovitz's Titi
Hershkovitz's Titi
Hershkovitz's titi, Callicebus dubius, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, from South America. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil and Peru. The common name is a reference to American zoologist Philip Hershkovitz....

1988 Hershkovitz
Philip Hershkovitz
Philip Hershkovitz was an American mammalogist. Born in Pittsburgh, he attended the Universities of Pittsburgh and Michigan and lived in South America collecting mammals. In 1947, he was appointed a curator at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago and he continued to work there until his...

Callicebus (Callicebus) ornatus Ornate Titi
Ornate Titi
The ornate titi, Callicebus ornatus, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Colombia.-References:...

1866 Gray
John Edward Gray
John Edward Gray, FRS was a British zoologist. He was the elder brother of George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray ....

Callicebus (Callicebus) stephennashi Stephen Nash's Titi
Stephen Nash's Titi
Stephen Nash's titi , also known as just Nash's titi or Stephen Nash's monkey, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, endemic to the eastern bank of the Purus River in Brazil. It was discovered by Marc van Roosmalen in 2001 when local fishermen brought specimens to his breeding center....

2002 van Roosmalen
Marc van Roosmalen
Dr. Marc van Roosmalen is a Brazilian primatologist of Dutch birth living in Manaus in Brazil. He was elected as one of the "Heroes of the Planet" by Time Magazine in 2000...

 et al.
Callicebus (Torquatus) lucifer Lucifer Titi
Lucifer Titi
The Lucifer titi, Callicebus lucifer, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, from South America. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru....

1914 Thomas
Oldfield Thomas
Oldfield Thomas FRS was a British zoologist.Thomas worked at the Natural History Museum on mammals, describing about 2,000 new species and sub-species for the first time. He was appointed to the Museum Secretary's office in 1876, transferring to the Zoological Department in 1878...

Callicebus (Torquatus) lugens Black Titi
Black Titi
The black titi, Callicebus lugens, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, from South America. It is found in Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela....

1811 Humboldt
Alexander von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander Freiherr von Humboldt was a German naturalist and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt...

Callicebus (Torquatus) medemi Colombian Black-handed Titi
Colombian Black-handed Titi
The Colombian black-handed titi, Callicebus medemi, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Colombia.-References:...

1963 Hershkovitz
Philip Hershkovitz
Philip Hershkovitz was an American mammalogist. Born in Pittsburgh, he attended the Universities of Pittsburgh and Michigan and lived in South America collecting mammals. In 1947, he was appointed a curator at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago and he continued to work there until his...

Callicebus (Torquatus) purinus Rio Purus Titi
Rio Purus Titi
The Rio Purus titi, Callicebus purinus, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Brazil....

1927 Thomas
Oldfield Thomas
Oldfield Thomas FRS was a British zoologist.Thomas worked at the Natural History Museum on mammals, describing about 2,000 new species and sub-species for the first time. He was appointed to the Museum Secretary's office in 1876, transferring to the Zoological Department in 1878...

Callicebus (Torquatus) regulus Red-headed Titi
Red-headed Titi
The red-headed titi, Callicebus regulus, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Brazil....

1927 Thomas
Oldfield Thomas
Oldfield Thomas FRS was a British zoologist.Thomas worked at the Natural History Museum on mammals, describing about 2,000 new species and sub-species for the first time. He was appointed to the Museum Secretary's office in 1876, transferring to the Zoological Department in 1878...

Callicebus (Torquatus) torquatus Collared Titi
Collared Titi
The collared titi, Callicebus torquatus, is a species or a closely related complex of species of titi, a type of New World monkey, from South America.- Taxonomy :...

1807 Hoffmannsegg
Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg
Johann Centurius Hoffmann Graf von Hoffmannsegg was a German botanist, entomologist and ornithologist.Hoffmannsegg was born at Rammenau and studied at Leipzig and Göttingen. He travelled through Europe acquiring vast collections of plants and animals. He visited Hungary, Austria and Italy in...

Callicebus aureipalatii Madidi Titi 2005 Wallace

Subfamily: Pitheciinae

Scientific Name Common Name Classified Average Size Conservation Status References
Pithecia pithecia White-faced Saki
White-faced Saki
The white-faced saki , also known as the Guianan saki and the golden-faced saki, is a species of saki monkey, a type of New World monkey, found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, and Timbuktu...

1766 Linnaeus
Carolus Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...

Pithecia monachus Monk Saki
Monk Saki
The monk saki, Pithecia monachus, is a species of saki monkey, a type of New World monkey, from South America. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. It lives in forested areas. It can grow up to be 37–48 cm long and weigh about 1.5-3 kilograms, approximately the same as a large...

1812 É. Geoffroy
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition". He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck's evolutionary theories...

Pithecia irrorata Rio Tapajós Saki
Rio Tapajós Saki
The Rio Tapajós saki is a species of saki monkey, a type of New World monkey, from South America. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil and Peru....

1842 Gray
John Edward Gray
John Edward Gray, FRS was a British zoologist. He was the elder brother of George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray ....

Pithecia aequatorialis Equatorial Saki
Equatorial Saki
The equatorial saki, Pithecia aequatorialis, is a species of saki monkey, a type of New World monkey, from South America. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.-References:...

1987 Hershkovitz
Philip Hershkovitz
Philip Hershkovitz was an American mammalogist. Born in Pittsburgh, he attended the Universities of Pittsburgh and Michigan and lived in South America collecting mammals. In 1947, he was appointed a curator at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago and he continued to work there until his...

Pithecia albicans White-footed Saki
White-footed Saki
The white-footed saki is a species of saki monkey, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Brazil....

1860 Gray
John Edward Gray
John Edward Gray, FRS was a British zoologist. He was the elder brother of George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray ....

Chiropotes satanas Black Bearded Saki
Black Bearded Saki
The Black bearded saki is a species of bearded saki, a type of New World monkey. This critically endangered species is endemic to the far eastern Amazon in Brazil, it being restricted to a relatively small region from the Tocantins River in Pará east to around the Grajaú River in Maranhão...

1807 Hoffmannsegg
Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg
Johann Centurius Hoffmann Graf von Hoffmannsegg was a German botanist, entomologist and ornithologist.Hoffmannsegg was born at Rammenau and studied at Leipzig and Göttingen. He travelled through Europe acquiring vast collections of plants and animals. He visited Hungary, Austria and Italy in...

Chiropotes chiropotes Red-backed Bearded Saki
Red-backed Bearded Saki
The Red-backed bearded saki, Chiropotes chiropotes, is a species of bearded saki, a type of New World monkey, from South America. It is found north of the Amazon River and east of the Branco River in Brazil and the Guianas. It is possible the scientific name C...

1811 Humboldt
Alexander von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander Freiherr von Humboldt was a German naturalist and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt...

Chiropotes israelita Brown-backed Bearded Saki
Brown-backed Bearded Saki
The Brown-backed bearded saki, Chiropotes israelita, is a species of bearded saki, a type of New World monkey. It is endemic to the Amazon in north-western Brazil and southern Venezuela. It is possible the correct scientific name for this species is C...

1823 Spix
Johann Baptist von Spix
Dr. Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix was a German naturalist.Spix was born in Höchstadt, Middle Franconia, as the seventh of eleven children. His boyhood home is the site of the Spix Museum , opened to the public in 2004...

Chiropotes utahickae Uta Hick's Bearded Saki
Uta Hick's Bearded Saki
Uta Hick's bearded saki, Chiropotes utahicki, is an endangered species of bearded saki, a type of New World monkey. It is endemic to Brazil, where restricted to the Amazon between the Xingu and Tocantins Rivers. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of the more easternly C. satanas, but its back...

1985 Hershkovitz
Philip Hershkovitz
Philip Hershkovitz was an American mammalogist. Born in Pittsburgh, he attended the Universities of Pittsburgh and Michigan and lived in South America collecting mammals. In 1947, he was appointed a curator at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago and he continued to work there until his...

Chiropotes albinasus White-nosed Saki
White-nosed Saki
The white-nosed saki, Chiropotes albinasus, is an endangered species of bearded saki, a type of New World monkey, endemic to the south-central Amazon rainforest in Brazil. Both its scientific and common name were caused by the authors working from specimens, where the skin on and around the nose...

1848 I. Geoffroy
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French zoologist and an authority on deviation from normal structure. He coined the term ethology.He was born in Paris, the son of Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire...

 and Deville
Emile Deville
Emile Deville was a French physician , naturalist and taxidermistEmile Deville, already an employee of Muséum national d'histoire naturelle joined the 1843 expedition of Francis de Laporte de Castelnau to South America with the doctor and botanist Hugh Algernon Weddell...

Cacajao melanocephalus Black-headed Uakari
Black-headed Uakari
The black-headed uakari , also known as the golden-backed black uakari, is a New World primate from the family Pitheciidae...

1812 Humboldt
Alexander von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander Freiherr von Humboldt was a German naturalist and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt...

Cacajao calvus Bald Uakari
Bald Uakari
The bald uakari or bald-headed uakari is a small New World monkey with a very short tail, red face, a bald head, and long coat...

1847 I. Geoffroy
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French zoologist and an authority on deviation from normal structure. He coined the term ethology.He was born in Paris, the son of Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire...

Cacajao ayresii Aracá Uakari 2008 Boubli et al.
Cacajao hosomi Neblina Uakari
Neblina Uakari
The Neblina uakari is a newly described species of monkey from the far northwest Brazilian Amazon and adjacent southern Venezuela. It was found by Jean-Phillipe Boubli of the University of Auckland and described together with the more easternly distributed Aracá Uakari in 2008...

2008 Boubli et al.

Subfamily: Alouattinae

Scientific Name Common Name Classified Average Size Conservation Status References
Alouatta coibensis Coiba Island Howler
Coiba Island Howler
The Coiba Island howler is a species of howler monkey, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Panama. Although the Coiba Island howler is generally recognized as a separate species, mitochondrial DNA testing is inconclusive as to whether it is actually a subspecies of the mantled howler...

1902 Thomas
Oldfield Thomas
Oldfield Thomas FRS was a British zoologist.Thomas worked at the Natural History Museum on mammals, describing about 2,000 new species and sub-species for the first time. He was appointed to the Museum Secretary's office in 1876, transferring to the Zoological Department in 1878...

Alouatta palliata Mantled Howler
Mantled Howler
The mantled howler , or golden-mantled howling monkey, is a species of howler monkey, a type of New World monkey, from Central and South America. It is one of the monkey species most often seen and heard in the wild in Central America...

1849 Gray
John Edward Gray
John Edward Gray, FRS was a British zoologist. He was the elder brother of George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray ....

Alouatta pigra Guatemalan Black Howler
Guatemalan Black Howler
The Guatemalan black howler, or Yucatan black howler, is a species of howler monkey, a type of New World monkey, from Central America. It is found in Belize, Guatemala and Mexico, in and near the Yucatan Peninsula. It lives in evergreen, semi-deciduous and lowland rain forests...

1933 Lawrence
Alouatta belzebul Red-handed Howler
Red-handed Howler
The red-handed howler is a vulnerable species of howler monkey, a type of New World monkey. It is endemic to Brazil, where found in the south-eastern Amazon and disjunctly in Atlantic Forest between Rio Grande do Norte and Sergipe....

1766 Lawrence
Alouatta guariba Brown Howler
Brown Howler
The Brown howler , also known as Brown howling monkey, is a species of howler monkey, a type of New World monkey, that lives in forests in south-eastern Brazil and far north-eastern Argentina . It lives in groups of 2 to 11 individuals...

1812 Humboldt
Alexander von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander Freiherr von Humboldt was a German naturalist and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt...

Alouatta macconnelli Guyanan Red Howler
Guyanan Red Howler
The Guyanan red howler is a species of howler monkey, a type of New World monkey, native to Suriname, Guyana, Trinidad, French Guiana and Brazil....

1766 Linnaeus
Alouatta nigerrima Amazon Black Howler
Amazon Black Howler
The Amazon black howler is a species of howler monkey, a type of New World monkey, endemic to the south-central Amazon in Brazil. Until 2001, most authorities included it as a subspecies of the red-handed howler, though its distinction had already been pointed out much earlier...

1942 Lönnberg
Einar Lönnberg
Axel Johann Einar Lönnberg was a Swedish zoologist.Lönnberg was born in Stockholm. He was head of the Vertebrate Department of the Swedish Natural History Museum from 1904 to 1932....

Alouatta sara Bolivian Red Howler
Bolivian Red Howler
The Bolivian red howler is a species of howler monkey, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Bolivia.-External links:* *...

1910 Elliot
Daniel Giraud Elliot
Daniel Giraud Elliot was an American zoologist.Elliot was one of the founders of the American Museum of Natural History in New York and the American Ornithologists' Union. He was also curator of zoology at the Field Museum in Chicago.Elliot used his wealth to publish a series of sumptuous...

Alouatta seniculus Venezuelan Red Howler
Venezuelan Red Howler
The Venezuelan red howler is a South American species of howler monkey, a type of New World monkey. It is found in the western Amazon Basin in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil...

1766 Linnaeus
Carolus Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...

Alouatta caraya Black Howler
Black Howler
The Black howler is a species of howler monkey, a large New World monkey, from northeast Argentina, east Bolivia, east and south Brazil and Paraguay. Together with the brown howler, it is the southernmost member of the Alouatta genus. Only the adult male is black; adult females and juveniles of...

1812 Humboldt
Alexander von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander Freiherr von Humboldt was a German naturalist and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt...


Subfamily: Atelinae

Scientific Name Common Name Classified Average Size Conservation Status References
Ateles paniscus Red-faced Spider Monkey
Red-faced Spider Monkey
The red-faced spider monkey, Guiana spider monkey, or red-faced black spider monkey, Ateles paniscus, is a species of spider monkey found in the rain forests in northern South America....

1758 Linnaeus
Carolus Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...

Ateles belzebuth White-fronted Spider Monkey
White-fronted Spider Monkey
The white-fronted spider monkey , also known as the long-haired or white-bellied spider monkey, is an endangered species of spider monkey, a type of New World monkey. It is found in the north-western Amazon in Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil, ranging as far south as the lower Ucayali...

1806 É. Geoffroy
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition". He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck's evolutionary theories...

Ateles chamek Peruvian Spider Monkey
Peruvian Spider Monkey
The Peruvian spider monkey is a species of spider monkey that lives not only in Peru, but also in Brazil and Bolivia. At two feet long, they are relatively large among species of monkey, and their strong, prehensile tails can be up to three feet long. Unlike many species of monkey, they have...

1812 Humboldt
Alexander von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander Freiherr von Humboldt was a German naturalist and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt...

Ateles hybridus Brown Spider Monkey
Brown Spider Monkey
The brown spider monkey or variegated spider monkey is a critically endangered species of spider monkey, a type of New World monkey, from northern Colombia and north-western Venezuela. Its taxonomic history has been confusing, and in the past it has been treated as a subspecies of either the...

1829 I. Geoffroy
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French zoologist and an authority on deviation from normal structure. He coined the term ethology.He was born in Paris, the son of Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire...

Ateles marginatus White-cheeked Spider Monkey
White-cheeked Spider Monkey
The white-cheeked spider monkey, Ateles marginatus, is a species of spider monkey, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Brazil.There are many different varieties of spider monkeys that make their home in the upper levels of the rain forest...

1809 É. Geoffroy
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition". He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck's evolutionary theories...

Ateles fusciceps Black-headed Spider Monkey
Black-headed Spider Monkey
The Black-headed spider monkey, Ateles fusciceps, is a species of spider monkey, a type of New World monkey, from Central and South America. It is found in Colombia, Nicaragua and Panama. Although primatologists such as Colin Groves follow Kellogg and Goldman in treating A...

1866 Gray
John Edward Gray
John Edward Gray, FRS was a British zoologist. He was the elder brother of George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray ....

Ateles geoffroyi Geoffroy's Spider Monkey
Geoffroy's Spider Monkey
Geoffroy's spider monkey, Ateles geoffroyi, also known as black-handed spider monkey, is a species of spider monkey, a type of New World monkey, from Central America, parts of Mexico and possibly a small portion of Colombia. There are at least five subspecies. Some primatologists classify the...

1820 Kuhl
Heinrich Kuhl
Heinrich Kuhl was a German naturalist and zoologist.Kuhl was born in Hanau. He became assistant to Coenraad Jacob Temminck at the Leiden museum. In 1817 he published a monograph on bats and in 1819 he published Conspectus psittacorum...

Brachyteles arachnoides Southern Muriqui
Southern Muriqui
The southern muriqui, Brachyteles arachnoides, is a muriqui species endemic to Brazil. It is found in the Brazilian states of Paraná, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais. This New World monkey is known locally as mono carvoeiro, which translates to charcoal monkey.Muriquis...

1806 É. Geoffroy
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition". He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck's evolutionary theories...

Brachyteles hypoxanthus Northern Muriqui
Northern Muriqui
The northern muriqui is an endangered muriqui species endemic to Brazil. It is unusual among primates in that shows egaliterian social relationship. It is found in the Atlantic Forest region of the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais and Bahia. Muriquis are the...

1820 Kuhl
Heinrich Kuhl
Heinrich Kuhl was a German naturalist and zoologist.Kuhl was born in Hanau. He became assistant to Coenraad Jacob Temminck at the Leiden museum. In 1817 he published a monograph on bats and in 1819 he published Conspectus psittacorum...

Lagothrix lagotricha Brown Woolly Monkey
Brown Woolly Monkey
The brown woolly monkey or common woolly monkey or Humboldt's Woolly Monkey is a woolly monkey from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil. It lives in groups of 2 to 70 individuals, usually splitting the group into smaller subgroups while in activity.Many published sources give the systematic name as L...

1812 Humboldt
Alexander von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander Freiherr von Humboldt was a German naturalist and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt...

Lagothrix cana Gray Woolly Monkey
Gray Woolly Monkey
The gray woolly monkey, Lagothrix cana, is a woolly monkey species from South America. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil and Peru....

1812 É. Geoffroy
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was a French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition". He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck's evolutionary theories...

Lagothrix lugens Colombian Woolly Monkey
Colombian Woolly Monkey
The Colombian woolly monkey, Lagothrix lugens, is a critically endangered species of woolly monkey from Colombia and possibly also Venezuela.-References:...

1907 Elliot
Daniel Giraud Elliot
Daniel Giraud Elliot was an American zoologist.Elliot was one of the founders of the American Museum of Natural History in New York and the American Ornithologists' Union. He was also curator of zoology at the Field Museum in Chicago.Elliot used his wealth to publish a series of sumptuous...

Lagothrix poeppigii Silvery Woolly Monkey
Silvery Woolly Monkey
The silvery woolly monkey , also known as Poeppig's woolly monkey, is a woolly monkey species from South America. Named after the German zoologist Eduard Friedrich Poeppig, it is found in Brazil, Ecuador and Peru....

1944 Schinz
Heinrich Rudolf Schinz
Heinrich Rudolf Schinz was a Swiss physician and naturalist.Schinz was born at Zurich and studied medicine at Würzburg and Jena, returning to Zurich in 1798 to practice...

Oreonax flavicauda Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey
Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey
The yellow-tailed woolly monkey is a New World monkey endemic to Peru. It is a rare primate species found only in the Peruvian Andes, in the departments of Amazonas and San Martin as well as bordering areas of La Libertad, Huanuco and Loreto...

1812 Humboldt
Alexander von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander Freiherr von Humboldt was a German naturalist and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt...

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