It was customary in the European Middle Ages, more precisely in the period of scholasticism

Scholasticism

Scholasticism is a method of critical thought which dominated teaching by the academics of medieval universities in Europe from about 1100–1500, and a program of employing that method in articulating and defending orthodoxy in an increasingly pluralistic context...

 which extended into early modern times, to designate the more celebrated among the doctors of theology and law by epithets or surnames which were supposed to express their characteristic excellence or dignity. The following list exhibits the principal surnames with the dates of death.

See also Doctor of the Church

Doctor of the Church

Doctor of the Church is a title given by a variety of Christian churches to individuals whom they recognize as having been of particular importance, particularly regarding their contribution to theology or doctrine.-Catholic Church:In the Catholic Church, this name is given to a saint from whose...

 and List of Latinised names

Doctors in theology

Accolade	Name	Religious Order	Death
Doctor Magister Abstractionum	Francis Mayron	O.F.M.	1325 or 1327
Doctor Acutissimus	Pope Sixtus IV Pope Sixtus IV Pope Sixtus IV , born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484. His accomplishments as Pope included the establishment of the Sistine Chapel; the group of artists that he brought together introduced the Early Renaissance into Rome with the first masterpiece of the city's new artistic age,...	-	1484
Doctor Acutus	Francis Mayron	O.F.M.	1325-27
Doctor Acutus	Gabriel Vasquez Gabriel Vásquez Gabriel Vasquez was a Spanish Jesuit theologian....	S.J.	1604
Doctor Amoenus	Robert Cowton Robert Cowton Robert Cowton was a Franciscan theologian active at the University of Oxford early in the fourteenth century. He was a follower of Henry of Ghent, and in the Augustinian tradition. He was familiar with the doctrines of Duns Scotus and Thomas Aquinas, and attempted a synthesis of them.He entered the...	O.F.M.	1340
Doctor Angelicus	Thomas Aquinas Thomas Aquinas Thomas Aquinas, O.P. , also Thomas of Aquin or Aquino, was an Italian Dominican priest of the Catholic Church, and an immensely influential philosopher and theologian in the tradition of scholasticism, known as Doctor Angelicus, Doctor Communis, or Doctor Universalis...	O.P.	1274
Doctor Arca testamenti	Anthony of Padua Anthony of Padua Anthony of Padua or Anthony of Lisbon, O.F.M., was a Portuguese Catholic priest and friar of the Franciscan Order. Though he died in Padua, Italy, he was born to a wealthy family in Lisbon, Portugal, which is where he was raised...	-	1231
Doctor Authenticus	Gregory of Rimini Gregory of Rimini Gregory of Rimini , also called Gregorius de Arimino or Ariminensis, was one of the great scholastic philosophers and theologians of the Middle Ages...	O.S.A.	1358
Doctor Authenticus	Thomas Netter Thomas Netter Thomas Netter was an English Scholastic theologian and controversialist. From his birthplace he is commonly called Thomas Waldensis.-Life:...	O.Carm	1431
Doctor Averroista et philosophiae parens	Urbanus Urbanus Urbain Servranckx , also known as Urbain and Urbanus van Anus, is a Belgian stand-up comedian, actor, singer and comic book writer.-Career:...	O.S.M.	1403
Doctor Beatus et fundatissimus	Giles of Rome Giles of Rome Giles of Rome , was an archbishop of Bourges who was famed for his logician commentary on the Organon by Aristotle. Giles was styled Doctor Fundatissimus by Pope Benedict XIV...	O.S.A.	1316
Doctor Bonus	Walter Burley Walter Burley Walter Burley was a medieval English Scholastic philosopher and logician. He was a Master of Arts at Oxford in 1301, and a fellow of Merton College, Oxford until about 1310. He spent sixteen years at Paris until 1326, becoming a fellow of the Sorbonne by 1324. After that, he spent seventeen...	O.F.M.	1310
Doctor Christianus	Nicholas of Cusa Nicholas of Cusa Nicholas of Kues , also referred to as Nicolaus Cusanus and Nicholas of Cusa, was a cardinal of the Catholic Church from Germany , a philosopher, theologian, jurist, mathematician, and an astronomer. He is widely considered one of the great geniuses and polymaths of the 15th century...	-	1464
Doctor Clarus	Louis of Montesinos	-	1621
Doctor Clarus ac subtilis	Denis of Cîteaux	-	14?? (15th c.)
Doctor Collectivus	Landolfo Caracciolo	O.F.M.	1351
Doctor Columna doctorum	William of Champeaux William of Champeaux Guillaume de Champeaux , also known as William of Champeaux or Guglielmus de Campellis , was a French philosopher and theologian.He was born at Champeaux near Melun...	O.S.B.	1121
Doctor Contradictionum	Johann Wessel	-	1489
Doctor Difficilis	Giovanni da Ripa	O.F.	1368
Doctor Divinus Ecstaticus	John of Ruysbroeck	Can. Reg.	1381
Doctor doctorum Scholasticus	Anselm of Laon Anselm of Laon Anselm of Laon was a French theologian and founder of a school of scholars who helped to pioneer biblical hermeneutics.Remembered in the century after his death as "Anselmus" or "Anselm", his name was more properly "Ansellus" or, in Modern French, "Anseau."Born of very humble parents at Laon...	-	1117
Doctor Dulcifluus	Antonius Andreas Antonius Andreas Antonius Andreas was a Spanish Franciscan theologian, a pupil of Duns Scotus.He was teaching at the University of Lleida in 1315...	O.F.M.	1320
Doctor Ecstaticus	Denis the Carthusian Denis the Carthusian Denis the Carthusian , also known as Denys van Leeuwen or Denis Ryckel, was a Roman Catholic theologian and mystic.-Life:...	-	1471
Doctor Eminens	John of Matha John of Matha Saint John of Matha was a Christian saint of the 12th century and founder of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity. He was born on 1154 at Faucon-de-Barcelonnette, France. As a youth, he was educated at Aix-en-Provence, and later studied theology at the University of Paris...	O.Trin.	1213
Doctor Emporium theologiae	Laurent Gervais	O.P.	1483
Doctor Evangelicus	John Wycliffe John Wycliffe John Wycliffe was an English Scholastic philosopher, theologian, lay preacher, translator, reformer and university teacher who was known as an early dissident in the Roman Catholic Church during the 14th century. His followers were known as Lollards, a somewhat rebellious movement, which preached...	-	1330
Doctor Excellentissimus	Antonio Corsetti	-	1503
Doctor Eximius	Francisco Suárez Francisco Suárez Francisco Suárez was a Spanish Jesuit priest, philosopher and theologian, one of the leading figures of the School of Salamanca movement, and generally regarded among the greatest scholastics after Thomas Aquinas....	S.J.	1617
Doctor Facundus	Petrus Aureoli	O.F.M.	1322
Doctor Famosissimus	Petrus Alberti	O.S.B.	1426
Doctor Famosus	Bertrand de Turre Bertrand de Turre Bertrand de Turre was a French Franciscan theologian and Cardinal.He was an opponent of the Franciscan Spirituals. He undertook diplomatic missions for Pope John XXII, with Bernard Gui...	O.F.M.	1334
Doctor Fertilis	Francis of Candia	O.F.M.	14?? (15th c.)
Doctor Floridus	Guillaume de Vorillon	O.F.	1463
Doctor Flos mundi	Maurice O'Fiehely	O.F.M. Abp of Tuam	1513
Doctor Fundamentalis	Joannes Faber of Bordeaux	-	1350
Doctor Fundatissimus	Giles of Rome Giles of Rome Giles of Rome , was an archbishop of Bourges who was famed for his logician commentary on the Organon by Aristotle. Giles was styled Doctor Fundatissimus by Pope Benedict XIV...	-	1316
Doctor Fundatissimus	Willem Hessels van Est Willem Hessels van Est Willem Hessels van Est was a Flemish commentator on the Pauline epistles.-Biography:He was born at Gorcum, Holland....	-	1613
Doctor Fundatus	William of Ware William of Ware William of Ware was a Franciscan friar and theologian, born at Ware in Hertfordshire. He almost certainly studied at Oxford University and lectured on the Sentences of Pierre Lombard there, but he is not listed among the Oxford masters...	O.F.M.	1270
Doctor Illibatus	Alexander Alamannicus	O.F.M.	14?? (15th c.)
Doctor Illuminatus	Francis Mayron	O.F.M.	1325-27
Doctor Illuminatus	Ramon Llull Ramon Llull Ramon Llull was a Majorcan writer and philosopher, logician and tertiary Franciscan. He wrote the first major work of Catalan literature. Recently-surfaced manuscripts show him to have anticipated by several centuries prominent work on elections theory...	O.F.M.	1315
Doctor Illuminatus et sublimis	Johannes Tauler Johannes Tauler Johannes Tauler was a German mystic theologian.- Life :He was born about the year 1300 in Strasbourg, and was educated at the Dominican convent in that city, where Meister Eckhart, who greatly influenced him, was professor of theology in the monastery school...	O.P.	1361
Doctor Illustratus	Franciscus Picenus	O.F.M.	13?? (14th c.)
Doctor Illustris	Adam of Marisco	O.F.M.	1308
Doctor Inclytus	William Mackelfield	O.P.	1300
Doctor Ingeniosissimus	André of Neufchâteau André of Neufchâteau André of Neufchâteau was a scholastic philosopher of the fourteenth century. He was a Franciscan from Lorraine, who wrote a number of works.. He earned the name Doctor Ingeniosissimus ....	O.F.M.	1300
Doctor Inter Aristotelicos Aristotelicissimus	Haymo of Faversham Haymo of Faversham Haymo of Faversham was an English Franciscan and schoolman, born at Faversham, Kent and died at Anagni, Italy, circa 1243. Following the custom in the Middle Ages to designate the more celebrated among the doctors by certain epithets, he is called Inter Aristotelicos Aristotelicissimus...	O.F.M.	1244
Doctor Invincibilis	Petrus Thomas	O.F.M.	13?? (14th c.)
Doctor Irrefragibilis	Alexander of Hales Alexander of Hales Alexander Hales also called Doctor Irrefragabilis and Theologorum Monarcha was a notable thinker important in the history of scholasticism and the Franciscan School.-Life:Alexander was born at Hales ,...	O.F.M.	1245
Doctor Magister Sententiarum	Peter Lombard Peter Lombard Peter Lombard was a scholastic theologian and bishop and author of Four Books of Sentences, which became the standard textbook of theology, for which he is also known as Magister Sententiarum-Biography:Peter Lombard was born in Lumellogno , in...	-	1164
Doctor Magnus	Albertus Magnus Albertus Magnus Albertus Magnus, O.P. , also known as Albert the Great and Albert of Cologne, is a Catholic saint. He was a German Dominican friar and a bishop, who achieved fame for his comprehensive knowledge of and advocacy for the peaceful coexistence of science and religion. Those such as James A. Weisheipl...	O.P.	1280
Doctor Magnus	Gilbert of Citeaux	O.Cist	1280
Doctor Marianus	Anselm of Canterbury Anselm of Canterbury Anselm of Canterbury , also called of Aosta for his birthplace, and of Bec for his home monastery, was a Benedictine monk, a philosopher, and a prelate of the church who held the office of Archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109...	O.S.B.	1109
Doctor Marianus	Duns Scotus Duns Scotus Blessed John Duns Scotus, O.F.M. was one of the more important theologians and philosophers of the High Middle Ages. He was nicknamed Doctor Subtilis for his penetrating and subtle manner of thought....	O.F.M.	1308
Doctor Mellifluus	Bernard of Clairvaux Bernard of Clairvaux Bernard of Clairvaux, O.Cist was a French abbot and the primary builder of the reforming Cistercian order.After the death of his mother, Bernard sought admission into the Cistercian order. Three years later, he was sent to found a new abbey at an isolated clearing in a glen known as the Val...	O.Cist	1153
Doctor Mirabilis	Roger Bacon Roger Bacon Roger Bacon, O.F.M. , also known as Doctor Mirabilis , was an English philosopher and Franciscan friar who placed considerable emphasis on the study of nature through empirical methods...	O.F.M.	1294
Doctor Mirabilis	Antonio Pérez Antonio Pérez ]Antonio Pérez was a Spanish statesman, secretary of king Philip II of Spain.- Early years :Antonio Perez was born in Madrid in 1540. In 1542 he was legalized as son of Gonzalo Pérez, Secretary of the Council of State of king Charles I of Spain . Most probably Antonio was indeed the son of...	S.J.	1649
Doctor Moralis	Gerardus Odonis Gerardus Odonis Gerardus Odonis, was a French theologian and Minister General of the Franciscan Order.-Life:...	O.F.M.	1349
Doctor Notabilis	Pierre de l'Ile	O.F.M.	13?? (14th c.)
Doctor Ordinatissimus	Johannes de Bassolis	O.F.M.	1347 (circa)
Doctor Ornatissimus et sufficiens	Petrus de Aquila	O.F.M.	1344
Doctor Pacificus (Proficuus, Imaginativus)	Nicolas Bonet Nicolas Bonet Nicolas Bonet was a Friar Minor, theologian, and missionary.Probably a Frenchman by birth, he taught theology with great success at Paris, where he received the title of "Doctor Pacificus" on account of his suave and tranquil mode of lecturing...	O.F.M.	1360
Doctor Parisiensis	Guido Terrena Guido Terrena Guido Terrena , also known as Guido Terreni and Guy de Perpignan, was a Catalan Carmelite canon lawyer and scholastic philosopher.-Life:...	O.Carm	1342
Doctor Planus et utilis	Nicolas de Lyre	O.F.M.	1340
Doctor Praeclarus	Peter of Kaiserslautern	O.Praem	1330
Doctor Praestantissimus	Thomas Netter Thomas Netter Thomas Netter was an English Scholastic theologian and controversialist. From his birthplace he is commonly called Thomas Waldensis.-Life:...	O.Carm	1431
Doctor Profundissimus	Paul of Venice Paul of Venice Paul of Venice was a Roman Catholic Scholastic philosopher, theologian, and logician of the Hermits of the Order of Saint Augustine.-Life:...	O.S.A.	1428
Doctor Profundissimus	Gabriel Biel Gabriel Biel Gabriel Biel was a German scholastic philosopher and member of the Brethren of the Common Life born in Speyer. In 1432 he was ordained to the priesthood and entered Heidelberg University. He succeeded academically and became an instructor in the faculty of the arts.- Life :His studies were pursued...	Can. Reg.	1495
Doctor Profundissimus	Juan Alfonso Curiel	O.S.B.	1609
Doctor Profundus	Thomas Bradwardine Thomas Bradwardine Thomas Bradwardine was an English scholar, scientist, courtier and, very briefly, Archbishop of Canterbury. As a celebrated scholastic philosopher and doctor of theology, he is often called Doctor Profundus, .-Life:He was born either at Hartfield in Sussex or at Chichester, where his family were...	-	1349
Doctor Profundus	Giacomo di Ascoli	O.F.C.	1310 (circa)
Doctor Rarus	Hervaeus Natalis Hervaeus Natalis Hervaeus Natalis was a Dominican theologian, the 14th Master of the Dominicans, and the author of a number of works on philosophy and theology. Among his many writings may be included the Summa Totius Logicae, an opusculum once attributed to Thomas Aquinas.-Life:Natalis joined the Dominicans in...	O.P.	1323
Doctor Refulgidus	Pope Alexander V	-	1410
Doctor Resolutissimus	Durandus of Saint-Pourçain Durandus of Saint-Pourçain Durandus of Saint-Pourçain , was a French philosopher and theologian.He was born at Saint-Pourçain, Auvergne, and entered the Dominican Order at Clermont, and obtained the doctoral degree at Paris in 1313...	O.P.	1334
Doctor Resolutus	John Baconthorpe John Baconthorpe John Baconthorpe was a learned English Carmelite monk and scholastic philosopher....	O.Carm.	1346
Doctor Scholasticus	Peter Abelard Peter Abelard Peter Abelard was a medieval French scholastic philosopher, theologian and preeminent logician. The story of his affair with and love for Héloïse has become legendary...	-	1142
Doctor Scholasticus	Gilbert de la Porrée Gilbert de la Porrée Gilbert de la Porrée , also known as Gilbert of Poitiers, Gilbertus Porretanus or Pictaviensis, was a scholastic logician and theologian.-Life:...	-	1154
Doctor Scholasticus	Peter Lombard Peter Lombard Peter Lombard was a scholastic theologian and bishop and author of Four Books of Sentences, which became the standard textbook of theology, for which he is also known as Magister Sententiarum-Biography:Peter Lombard was born in Lumellogno , in...	-	1164
Doctor Scholasticus	Peter of Poitiers Peter of Poitiers Peter of Poitiers Peter of Poitiers Peter of Poitiers (born at Poitiers or in its neighbourhood about 1130; died in Paris in 1215 (though Ulrich Rehm dates Peter's death to 1205 in "Bebilderte Vaterunser-Erklärungen des Mittelalters", Baden-Baden 1994, p. 62) was a French scholastic...	-	1205
Doctor Scholasticus	Hugh of Newcastle Hugh of Newcastle Hugh of Newcastle was a Franciscan theologian and scholastic philosopher, a pupil of Duns Scotus. His origin in Newcastle-upon-Tyne is questioned; he may have been from Neufchâtel.-Works:...	O.F.M.	1322
Doctor Scotellus	Antonius Andreas Antonius Andreas Antonius Andreas was a Spanish Franciscan theologian, a pupil of Duns Scotus.He was teaching at the University of Lleida in 1315...	O.F.M.	1320
Doctor Scotellus	Peter of Aquila Peter of Aquila Peter of Aquila was an Italian Friar Minor, theologian and bishop.Peter was born at L'Aquila in the Abruzzi, Italy, towards the end of the thirteenth century. In 1334 he figures as master of theology and provincial of his order in Tuscany. In 1334 he was appointed confessor of Queen Joan I of...	O.F.M	1361
Doctor Scotellus	Stephanus Brulefer	O.F.M	1497 (circa)
Doctor Seraphicus (Doctor Devotus)	Bonaventure Bonaventure Saint Bonaventure, O.F.M., , born John of Fidanza , was an Italian medieval scholastic theologian and philosopher. The seventh Minister General of the Order of Friars Minor, he was also a Cardinal Bishop of Albano. He was canonized on 14 April 1482 by Pope Sixtus IV and declared a Doctor of the...	O.F.M.	1274
Doctor Singularis et invincibilis	William of Ockham William of Ockham William of Ockham was an English Franciscan friar and scholastic philosopher, who is believed to have been born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey. He is considered to be one of the major figures of medieval thought and was at the centre of the major intellectual and political controversies of...	O.F.M.	1347 or 1359
Doctor Solemnis (Doctor Validus)	Henry of Ghent Henry of Ghent Henry of Ghent , scholastic philosopher, known as Doctor Solemnis , also known as Henricus de Gandavo and Henricus Gandavensis, was born in the district of Mude, near Ghent, and died at Tournai...	-	1293
Doctor Solidus Copiosus	Richard of Middleton Richard of Middleton Richard of Middleton was a member of the Franciscan Order, a theologian, and philosopher. He was Norman, and therefore it is impossible to tell whether he came from France or England originally...	O.F.M.	1300
Doctor Speculativus (Doctor Gratiosus)	James of Viterbo James of Viterbo Blessed James of Viterbo , known as Giacomo da Viterbo, Jacobus de Viterbo, surname Capocci, and nicknamed Doctor speculativus, was an Augustinian friar and student of Giles of Rome.He was born in Viterbo, Italy...	O.S.A.	1307
Doctor Strenuus (Doctor Proficuus)	Petrus Thomas	O.F.	13?? (14th c.)
Doctor Sublimis	Franciscus de Bachone	O.Carm.	1372
Doctor Sublimis	Jean Courte-Cuisse	-	1425
Doctor Subtilis (Doctor Marianus)	Duns Scotus Duns Scotus Blessed John Duns Scotus, O.F.M. was one of the more important theologians and philosophers of the High Middle Ages. He was nicknamed Doctor Subtilis for his penetrating and subtle manner of thought....	O.F.M.	1308
Doctor Subtilissimus	Peter of Mantua	-	13?? (14th c.)
Doctor Succinctus	Francis of Ascoli	-	1344 (circa)
Doctor Supersubtilis	Giovanni da Ripa	O.F.	1368
Doctor Universalis	Alain de Lille Alain de Lille Alain de Lille , French theologian and poet, was born, probably in Lille, some years before 1128.-Life:...	-	1202
Doctor Universalis	Albertus Magnus Albertus Magnus Albertus Magnus, O.P. , also known as Albert the Great and Albert of Cologne, is a Catholic saint. He was a German Dominican friar and a bishop, who achieved fame for his comprehensive knowledge of and advocacy for the peaceful coexistence of science and religion. Those such as James A. Weisheipl...	O.P.	1280
Doctor Universalis	Gilbert, Bishop of London	-	1134
Doctor Venerabilis et Christianissimus	Jean Gerson Jean Gerson Jean Charlier de Gerson , French scholar, educator, reformer, and poet, Chancellor of the University of Paris, a guiding light of the conciliar movement and one of the most prominent theologians at the Council of Constance, was born at the village of Gerson, in the bishopric of Reims in...	-	1429
Doctor Venerandus	Geoffroy de Fontibus	O.F.M.	1240
Doctor Vitae Arbor	Johannes Wallensis	O.F.M.	1300

Doctors in law

Accolade	Name	Death
Doctor Aristotelis Anima	Johannes Dondus	1380
Doctor a Doctoribus	Antonius Franciscus	1528
Doctor Fons Canonum	Johannes Andrea	1348
Doctor Fons Juris Utriusque	Henry of Susa (Ostia)	1267-81
Doctor Lucerna Juris	Baldus de Ubaldis Baldus de Ubaldis Baldus de Ubaldis was an Italian jurist, a leading figure in Medieval Roman Law.-Life:A member of the noble family of the Ubaldi , Baldus was born at Perugia in 1327, and studied civil law there under Bartolus de Saxoferrato, being admitted to the degree of doctor of civil law at the early age of...	1400
Doctor Lucerna Juris Pontificii	Nicholas Tedeschi (O.S.B.)	1445
Doctor Lumen Juris	Pope Clement IV Pope Clement IV Pope Clement IV , born Gui Faucoi called in later life le Gros , was elected Pope February 5, 1265, in a conclave held at Perugia that took four months, while cardinals argued over whether to call in Charles of Anjou, the youngest brother of Louis IX of France...	1268
Doctor Lumen Legum	Irnerius Irnerius Irnerius , sometimes referred to as lucerna juris , was an Italian jurist, and founder of the School of Glossators and thus of the tradition of Medieval Roman Law....	1125 (after)
Doctor Memoriosissimus	Ludovicus Pontanus	1439
Doctor Monarcha Juris	Bartholomew of Saliceto	1412
Doctor Os Aureum	Bulgarus Bulgarus Bulgarus was a twelfth century Italian jurist, born at Bologna. He is sometimes erroneously called Bulgarinus, which was properly the name of a jurist of the 15th century....	1166
Doctor Pater Decretalium	Gregory IX	1241
Doctor Pater et Organum Veritatis	Pope Innocent IV Pope Innocent IV Pope Innocent IV , born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was pope from June 25, 1243 until his death in 1254.-Early life:...	1254
Doctor Pater Juris	Pope Innocent III Pope Innocent III Pope Innocent III was Pope from 8 January 1198 until his death. His birth name was Lotario dei Conti di Segni, sometimes anglicised to Lothar of Segni....	1216
Doctor Pater Peritorum	Pierre de Belleperche	1307
Doctor Planus ac Perspicuus	Walter Burleigh Walter Burley Walter Burley was a medieval English Scholastic philosopher and logician. He was a Master of Arts at Oxford in 1301, and a fellow of Merton College, Oxford until about 1310. He spent sixteen years at Paris until 1326, becoming a fellow of the Sorbonne by 1324. After that, he spent seventeen...	1337
Doctor Princeps Subtilitatum	Francesco d'Accolti	1486
Doctor Speculator	William Durandus	1296
Doctor Speculum Juris	Bartholus of Sassoferrato	1359
Doctor Subtilis	Benedict Raymond	1440
Doctor Subtilis	Filippo Corneo	1462
Doctor Verus	Thomas Doctius, Siena	1441

Other medieval accolades

Accolade	Name	Death	Translation/Notes
Apostolus	St. Paul Paul of Tarsus Paul the Apostle , also known as Saul of Tarsus, is described in the Christian New Testament as one of the most influential early Christian missionaries, with the writings ascribed to him by the church forming a considerable portion of the New Testament...	67	Due to his preeminence among the Letters of the Apostles within the Bible
Commentator	Averroes Averroes ' , better known just as Ibn Rushd , and in European literature as Averroes , was a Muslim polymath; a master of Aristotelian philosophy, Islamic philosophy, Islamic theology, Maliki law and jurisprudence, logic, psychology, politics, Arabic music theory, and the sciences of medicine, astronomy,...  (Ibn Rushd)	1198
Magister sententiarum	Peter Lombard Peter Lombard Peter Lombard was a scholastic theologian and bishop and author of Four Books of Sentences, which became the standard textbook of theology, for which he is also known as Magister Sententiarum-Biography:Peter Lombard was born in Lumellogno , in...	1160
Philosophus	Aristoteles	BC 322