There are two prevailing theories in contemporary philosophy which attempt to explain the nature of concepts . The representational theory of mi
The following list consists of
conceptThere are two prevailing theories in contemporary philosophy which attempt to explain the nature of concepts . The representational theory of mind proposes that concepts are mental representations, while the semantic theory of concepts holds that they are abstract objects...
s that are derived from both Islamic and
ArabArab people or Arabs are an ethnic group whose members identify along linguistic, cultural or genealogical grounds...
tradition, which are expressed as words in the
Arabic languageArabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages such as Hebrew and the Neo-Aramaic languages. In terms of speakers, the Arabic macrolanguage is the largest member of the Semitic language family. It is spoken by more than 280 million people as...
. The main purpose of this list is to disambiguate multiple spellings, to make note of spellings no longer in use for these concepts, to define the concept in one or two lines, to make it easy for one to find and pin down specific concepts, and to provide a guide to unique concepts of Islam all in one place.
Separating concepts in Islam from concepts specific to Arab
cultureCulture is a term that has different meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions...
, or from the language itself, can be difficult. Many Arabic concepts have an Arabic secular meaning as well as an Islamic meaning. One example is the concept of
dawahDa‘wah usually denotes preaching of Islam. Da‘wah means literally "issuing a summons" or "making an invitation", being the active participle of a verb meaning variously "to summon, to invite" . A Muslim who practices da‘wah, either as a religious worker or in a volunteer community effort, is...
. One of the complexities of the Arabic language is that a single word can have multiple meanings. The word
IslamIslam Islam Islam ( al-’islām,
[There are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or , and whether the a is pronounced as in father, as in cat, or (when the stress is on the i) as in the a of sofa...]
is itself a good example.
Readers should also note that Arabic is written in its own
alphabetAn alphabet is a standardized set of letters basic written symbols or graphemes each of which roughly represents a phoneme in a spoken language, either as it exists now or as it was in the past. There are other systems, such as logographies, in which each character represents a word, morpheme, or...
, with letters, symbols, and
orthographicThe orthography of a language specifies the correct way of using a specific writing system to write the language. Where more than one writing system is used for a language, for example for Kurdish, there can be more than one orthography. Orthography is derived from Greek ὀρθός orthós and γράφειν...
conventions that do not have exact equivalents in the
Latin alphabetThe Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. It evolved from the western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, and was initially developed by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language.During the...
(see
Arabic alphabetThe Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing several languages of Asia and Africa, such as Arabic and Urdu. After the Latin alphabet, it is the second-most widely used alphabet around the world....
). The following list is a
transliterationTransliteration is the practice of converting a text from one writing system into another in a systematic way.-Definitions:From an information-theoretical point of view, transliteration is a mapping from one system of writing into another, word by word, or ideally letter by letter...
of Arabic terms and phrases. Consequently,
Muslim:A Muslim , , is an adherent of the religion of Islam. The feminine form is Muslimah . Literally, the word means "one who submits ". Muslim is the participle of the same verb of which Islam is the infinitive. Muslims believe that there is only one God, translated in Arabic as Allah...
s may transliterate certain Arabic words differently, such as
din as opposed to
deen, and
aqidah as opposed to
aqeedah. Most items in the list also contain their actual Arabic spelling.
A
{{Islam}}
The following list consists of conceptThere are two prevailing theories in contemporary philosophy which attempt to explain the nature of concepts . The representational theory of mind proposes that concepts are mental representations, while the semantic theory of concepts holds that they are abstract objects...
s that are derived from both Islamic and
ArabArab people or Arabs are an ethnic group whose members identify along linguistic, cultural or genealogical grounds...
tradition, which are expressed as words in the
Arabic languageArabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages such as Hebrew and the Neo-Aramaic languages. In terms of speakers, the Arabic macrolanguage is the largest member of the Semitic language family. It is spoken by more than 280 million people as...
. The main purpose of this list is to disambiguate multiple spellings, to make note of spellings no longer in use for these concepts, to define the concept in one or two lines, to make it easy for one to find and pin down specific concepts, and to provide a guide to unique concepts of Islam all in one place.
Separating concepts in Islam from concepts specific to Arab
cultureCulture is a term that has different meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions...
, or from the language itself, can be difficult. Many Arabic concepts have an Arabic secular meaning as well as an Islamic meaning. One example is the concept of
dawahDa‘wah usually denotes preaching of Islam. Da‘wah means literally "issuing a summons" or "making an invitation", being the active participle of a verb meaning variously "to summon, to invite" . A Muslim who practices da‘wah, either as a religious worker or in a volunteer community effort, is...
. One of the complexities of the Arabic language is that a single word can have multiple meanings. The word
IslamIslam Islam Islam ( al-’islām,
[There are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or , and whether the a is pronounced as in father, as in cat, or (when the stress is on the i) as in the a of sofa...]
is itself a good example.
Readers should also note that Arabic is written in its own
alphabetAn alphabet is a standardized set of letters basic written symbols or graphemes each of which roughly represents a phoneme in a spoken language, either as it exists now or as it was in the past. There are other systems, such as logographies, in which each character represents a word, morpheme, or...
, with letters, symbols, and
orthographicThe orthography of a language specifies the correct way of using a specific writing system to write the language. Where more than one writing system is used for a language, for example for Kurdish, there can be more than one orthography. Orthography is derived from Greek ὀρθός orthós and γράφειν...
conventions that do not have exact equivalents in the
Latin alphabetThe Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. It evolved from the western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, and was initially developed by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language.During the...
(see
Arabic alphabetThe Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing several languages of Asia and Africa, such as Arabic and Urdu. After the Latin alphabet, it is the second-most widely used alphabet around the world....
). The following list is a
transliterationTransliteration is the practice of converting a text from one writing system into another in a systematic way.-Definitions:From an information-theoretical point of view, transliteration is a mapping from one system of writing into another, word by word, or ideally letter by letter...
of Arabic terms and phrases. Consequently,
Muslim:A Muslim , , is an adherent of the religion of Islam. The feminine form is Muslimah . Literally, the word means "one who submits ". Muslim is the participle of the same verb of which Islam is the infinitive. Muslims believe that there is only one God, translated in Arabic as Allah...
s may transliterate certain Arabic words differently, such as
din as opposed to
deen, and
aqidah as opposed to
aqeedah. Most items in the list also contain their actual Arabic spelling.
{{compactTOC}}
A
{{Islam}}
The following list consists of conceptThere are two prevailing theories in contemporary philosophy which attempt to explain the nature of concepts . The representational theory of mind proposes that concepts are mental representations, while the semantic theory of concepts holds that they are abstract objects...
s that are derived from both Islamic and
ArabArab people or Arabs are an ethnic group whose members identify along linguistic, cultural or genealogical grounds...
tradition, which are expressed as words in the
Arabic languageArabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages such as Hebrew and the Neo-Aramaic languages. In terms of speakers, the Arabic macrolanguage is the largest member of the Semitic language family. It is spoken by more than 280 million people as...
. The main purpose of this list is to disambiguate multiple spellings, to make note of spellings no longer in use for these concepts, to define the concept in one or two lines, to make it easy for one to find and pin down specific concepts, and to provide a guide to unique concepts of Islam all in one place.
Separating concepts in Islam from concepts specific to Arab
cultureCulture is a term that has different meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions...
, or from the language itself, can be difficult. Many Arabic concepts have an Arabic secular meaning as well as an Islamic meaning. One example is the concept of
dawahDa‘wah usually denotes preaching of Islam. Da‘wah means literally "issuing a summons" or "making an invitation", being the active participle of a verb meaning variously "to summon, to invite" . A Muslim who practices da‘wah, either as a religious worker or in a volunteer community effort, is...
. One of the complexities of the Arabic language is that a single word can have multiple meanings. The word
IslamIslam Islam Islam ( al-’islām,
[There are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or , and whether the a is pronounced as in father, as in cat, or (when the stress is on the i) as in the a of sofa...]
is itself a good example.
Readers should also note that Arabic is written in its own
alphabetAn alphabet is a standardized set of letters basic written symbols or graphemes each of which roughly represents a phoneme in a spoken language, either as it exists now or as it was in the past. There are other systems, such as logographies, in which each character represents a word, morpheme, or...
, with letters, symbols, and
orthographicThe orthography of a language specifies the correct way of using a specific writing system to write the language. Where more than one writing system is used for a language, for example for Kurdish, there can be more than one orthography. Orthography is derived from Greek ὀρθός orthós and γράφειν...
conventions that do not have exact equivalents in the
Latin alphabetThe Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. It evolved from the western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, and was initially developed by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language.During the...
(see
Arabic alphabetThe Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing several languages of Asia and Africa, such as Arabic and Urdu. After the Latin alphabet, it is the second-most widely used alphabet around the world....
). The following list is a
transliterationTransliteration is the practice of converting a text from one writing system into another in a systematic way.-Definitions:From an information-theoretical point of view, transliteration is a mapping from one system of writing into another, word by word, or ideally letter by letter...
of Arabic terms and phrases. Consequently,
Muslim:A Muslim , , is an adherent of the religion of Islam. The feminine form is Muslimah . Literally, the word means "one who submits ". Muslim is the participle of the same verb of which Islam is the infinitive. Muslims believe that there is only one God, translated in Arabic as Allah...
s may transliterate certain Arabic words differently, such as
din as opposed to
deen, and
aqidah as opposed to
aqeedah. Most items in the list also contain their actual Arabic spelling.
{{compactTOC}}
A
{{translAbd is an Arabic word meaning one who is totally subordinated; a slave or a servant.It appears in many common Arab names in the liaison with Al form of "Abd ul", "Abd ul-", etc....
(عبد) : servant, worshipper, slave. Muslims consider themselves servants and slaves of God. Common Muslim names such as Abdullah (Servant of God), Abdul-Malik (Slave of the King), Abdur-Rahmān (Slave of the most Beneficent), Abdus-Salām (Slave of Peace), all refer to
names of AllahThe 99 Names of Allah, also known as The 99 Most Beautiful Names of God , are the names of God by which Muslims regard God and which are traditionally maintained as described in the Qur'ān, and Sunnah, amongst other places. There is, according to hadith, a special group of 99 names but no...
.
AdabAdab, in the context of behavior, refers to prescribed Arabic-Islamic etiquette: "refinement, good manners, morals, decorum, decency, humaneness". While interpretation of the scope and particulars of Adab may vary among different cultures, common among these interpretations is regard for personal...
(أدب) : Traditionally describes good manners, as in etiquette. For example, being courteous is good adab. However, the term can be used very broadly, and the proper translation would be "the proper way to go about something," as in the example, Aadaab al Qitaal, or, "The Proper Way of Fighting in War," (Qitaal in Arabic means mortal combat) in which the word "etiquette" does not befit the context. Literally meaning literature.
ĀdhānThe adhān is the Islamic call to prayer, recited by the muezzin. The root of the word is "to permit", and another derivative of this word is , meaning "ear."...
(أذان) : call to
salatṢalāt is the name given to the formal prayer of Islam. The prayer is one of the obligatory rites of the religion, to be performed five times a day by a practising Muslim...
(prayer), sometimes alternatively spelled and pronounced Azaan and Adhan.
‘AdlʻAdl is an Arabic word meaning 'justice'. In Islamic theology, ʻadl refers to God's divine justice.Adil, and Adeel are male names derived from ʻadl and are common throughout the Arab world, Pakistan, India and in most regions with significant Muslim populations.- In Islamic jurisprudence :ʻAdl, as...
(عدل) :
JusticeJustice is the concept of moral rightness based on ethics, rationality, law, natural law, fairness, or equity.-Concept of justice:Justice... concerns the proper ordering of things and persons within a society. As a concept it has been subject to philosophical, legal, and theological reflection and...
especially
distributive justiceDistributive justice concerns what some consider to be socially just with respect to the allocation of goods in a society. Thus, a community in which incidental inequalities in outcome do not arise would be considered a society guided by the principles of distributive justice...
:
socialSocial justice is a notion used to describe a society with a greater degree of economic egalitarianism through progressive taxation, income redistribution, or even property redistribution, policies aimed toward achieving that which developmental economists refer to as equality of opportunity and...
,
economicIslamic economics is accordance with Islamic law. Islamic economics can refer to the application of Islamic law to economic activity either where Islamic rule is in force or where it is not; i.e. it can refer to the creation of an Islamic economic system, or to simply following Islamic law in...
,
political Ijmā' is an Arabic term referring ideally to the consensus of the ummah .The hadith of Muhammad which states that "My community will never agree upon an error" is often cited as support for the validity of ijmā'...
,
environmentalA Ḥimá "inviolate zone" refers to an area set aside for the conservation of natural capital, typically fields, wildlife and forests - contrast ḥaram, which defines an area protected for more immediate human purposes....
.
A.H. : "After Hijrah" The Islamic calendar starts counting years starting from the time when Muhammad had to leave Mecca and go to Medina, an event known as the Hijra: July 16
622- Religion :* July 16—Year one of the Islamic calendar begins, during which the Hijra occurs—Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrate from Mecca to Medina in September.* Xuanzang is fully ordained as a monk at the age of 20.- Deaths :...
.
Aḥad (أحد): literally "one." Islamically, ahad means One Alone, unique, none like God. Al-Wahid is one of the names of God.
AḥkāmAhkam is a reference to the Islamic commandments, derived and understood from religious jurisprudence resources . A law, value, ordinance or ruling of Shari'ah . In order to arrive at any new legal doctrine, or hukm, one must employ a systematic methodology by which to extract meaning from the...
(أحكام): rulings and orders of the Qu'ran and Sunnah. Five kinds of orders: Wajib, Mustahab, Muharram, Makruh, and Halal.
Ahl al-Bayt (أهل البيت ) : members of
MuhammadMuhammad ibn ‘Abdullāh , is the founder of the religion of Islam [ إِسْلامْ ] and is regarded by Muslims as a messenger and prophet of , the last and the greatest law-bearer in a series of Islamic prophets as taught by the...
's Household. Also known among Shia as the Ma'sumin (infallibles; spiritually pure).
Ahl al-FatrahIn Islamic theology, the term Ahl al-Fatrah refers to everyone whom the dawah has not reached in an uncorrupted manner, i.e. the people who live in ignorance of the teachings of Islam, either in geographical isolation, or in times predating Muhammad. The term literally translates to "people of...
( أهل الفترة) : people who live in ignorance of the teachings of a revealed religion, but according to the "Fitra", the "Natural Religion" innate to human nature as created by God.
Ahl al-KitābIn Islam, the People of the Book are non-Muslim peoples who, according to the Qur'an, received scriptures which were revealed to them by God before the time of Muhammad, most notably Christians and Jews. The generally accepted interpretation is that the pre-Islamic revealed texts are the Tawrat,...
(أهل الكتاب ) : "People of the Book", or followers of pre-Islamic monotheistic religions with some form of scripture believed to be of divine origin which were mentioned in Quran:
JewsJudaism is a set of beliefs and practices originating in the Hebrew Bible , as later further explored and explained in the Talmud and other texts...
,
ChristiansChristianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented by the revelations in the New Testament....
.
ĀkhirahAkhirah is an Islamic term referring to the afterlife. It is repeatedly referenced in chapters of the Qur'an concerning Yaum al Qiyamah, the Islamic Day of Judgment, an important part of Islamic eschatology...
(الآخرة) : hereafter or eternal life
AkhlāqAkhlaq is an Arabic term referring to the practice of virtue, morality and manners in Islamic theology and falsafah . It is most commonly translated in English dictionaries as; disposition, nature, temper, ethics, morals or character .-Overview:Akhlaq is the plural of the word khulq which means...
(أخلاق) : The practice of virtue. Morals. See khuluq.
Ikhlas (إخلاص) : Genuine in religious beliefs.
Al-Birr (البر) : Piety and righteousness and every act of obedience to
AllahAllah is the standard Arabic word for God. While the term is best known in the West for its use by Muslims as a reference to God, it is used by Arabic-speakers of all Abrahamic faiths, including Christians and Jews, in reference to "God"...
.
{{translAl-Amin Ibne Abdullah is a former First-class cricketer who played 6 First-class games and 6 List A matches for Barisal Division in the 2000/01 Bangladesh domestic season. He found success hard to come by in the First-class game but took 13 wickets at 11.46 in his one day career...
(عالمين) : Literally "worlds", humankind, jinn, angels and all that exists
Alayhis Salam (عليه السلام) : "Peace be upon him" This expression normally follows after naming a prophet (other than Muhammad), or one of the noble Angels (i.e. Jibreel[Gabriel], Mikaeel[Michael], etc.)
{{translAlhamdulillah or Elhamdulillah is an Arabic phrase meaning "Praise to God" or "All praise belongs to God," similar to the Hebrew phrase Halelu Yah...
(الحمد لله) : "Praise be to God!" Qur'anic exclamation and also same meaning as hallelujah.
AllāhAllah is the standard Arabic word for God. While the term is best known in the West for its use by Muslims as a reference to God, it is used by Arabic-speakers of all Abrahamic faiths, including Christians and Jews, in reference to "God"...
(الله): God (in monotheistic understanding of the word); the only entity worthy of worship
AllahummaAllahumma is an alternative appellation of Allah, the Islamic and Arabic term for God.Non-Muslim scholars have speculated that this term is derived from the divine name Elohim, used in the Hebrew Bible....
(اللَّهُمَّ) : "O God."
Allāhu Akbar (الله أكبر) : "God is the Greatest." Islamic expression.
{{transl (عالِم) : One who knows. A scholar (in any field of knowledge); a
scientistA scientist, in the broadest sense, is any person who engages in a systematic activity to acquire knowledge or an individual that engages in such practices and traditions that are linked to schools of thought or philosophy. In a more restricted sense, a scientist is an individual who uses the...
(who knows
scienceScience is in its broadest sense to any systematic knowledge-base or prescriptive practice that is capable of resulting in a prediction or predictable type of outcome...
) or a
theologianThe term "theology" literally means the study of God, deriving from the Greek word theos, meaning 'God', and the suffix -ology from the Greek word logos meaning "discourse", "theory", or "reasoning"...
(who knows
religionA religion is a system of human thought which usually includes a set of narratives, symbols, beliefs and practices that give meaning to the practitioner's experiences of life through reference to a higher power, deity or deities, or ultimate truth...
); similar to
Japaneseis a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is a member of the Japonic language family. There are a number of proposed relationships with other languages, but none have gained general acceptance...
sensei' is a Japanese title used to refer to or address teachers, professors, professionals such as lawyers and doctors, politicians, clergymen, and other figures of authorityThe word is also used to show respect to someone who has achieved a certain level of mastery in an art form or some other skill:...
, "teacher". Also meaning "world"
AmānahIn Islam, amanah , is free will, which has only been given to human beings and Jinn. In contrast, other entities do not have this quality....
(أمانة): the trust. Of all creation, only human beings carry the "trust", which is free will.
Āmīn (آمين): Amen, a supplication meaning, "O God, accept our invocation!".
{{translAmīr al-Mu'minīn usually translated Commander of the Faithful or Prince of the Faithful, is the Arabic style of Caliphs and other independent sovereign Muslim rulers that claim legitimacy from a community of Muslims...
(أمير المؤمنين) : In some countries like
MoroccoMorocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country located in North Africa with a population of nearly 32 million and an area just under . Its capital is Rabat, and its largest city is Casablanca. Morocco has a coast on the Atlantic Ocean that reaches past the Strait of Gibraltar into the...
, a
{{transl|sem|Amīrul-Mu’minīn}} or Commander of the faithful is the religious chief.
AminahAminah bint Wahb was the mother of the Islamic prophet Muhammad .-Biography:The daughter of Wahb ibn `Abd Manaf, Aminah was born in Yathreb . She was a member of the Banu Hashim clan in the tribe of Quraysh who claimed to be descendants of Ibrahim through his son Isma'il...
(آمنة) : Muhammad's mother. Aminah fell sick and died in Abwa, near Madina (then Yathrib) when Muhammad was six years old.
Al Amr Bi'l MarufEnjoin what is good and forbid what is wrong is an often quoted phrase, used in the Qur'an. This expression is the base of the Islamic institution of hisbah and sometimes referred to by this word...
: Islamic doctrine of enjoining right.
anfal : Property of the Imam
{{translAnsar is an Islamic term that literally means "helpers" and denotes the Medinan citizens that helped Muhammad and the Muhajirun on the arrival to the city after the Migration to Medina. They belonged to two main tribes, the Banu Khazraj and the Banu Aws....
(أنصار): "Helpers." The Muslim converts at Medina who helped the Muslims from Mecca after the Hijrah.
{{translAqidah is an Islamic term meaning creed. Any religious belief system, or creed, can be considered an example of aqidah...
(عقيدة) : The Islamic creed, or the six article of faith, which consists of the belief in God, Angels, Messengers and Prophets, Scriptures, the Day of Judgment, and Destiny.
Aqiqah (عقيقة): Islamic practice of shaving the head of the new born male and contributing the weight in silver for charity as well as 2 lambs. One lamb is slaughtered for a baby girl.
{{transl‘Aql , is an Ismaili concept referring to natural human knowledge in Islamic theology or to intellect in Islamic philosophy...
(عقل): Intelligence, intellect, mind, understanding
ArkanThe Five Pillars of Islam is the term given to the five duties incumbent on every Muslim. These duties are Shahada , Salah , Zakah , Saum and Hajj .These five practices are essential to Sunni Islam; Shi'a Muslims subscribe to eight ritual practices which substantially...
singular
ruknThe Five Pillars of Islam is the term given to the five duties incumbent on every Muslim. These duties are Shahada , Salah , Zakah , Saum and Hajj .These five practices are essential to Sunni Islam; Shi'a Muslims subscribe to eight ritual practices which substantially...
(ركن/أركان) : The five rukn "pillars" of Islam. (See rukn)
A.S. ('Alayhis-salaam) : This acronym evokes a blessing and is appended to the names of the prophets who came before Muhammad. It will also be applied the mothers of those prophets. When following a woman's name, the feminine form is 'Alayhas-salaam.
AslASL is a common initialism for American Sign Language, and may also refer to:*Above mean sea level, altitude measurement*Adobe Source Libraries, a set of open source software libraries by Adobe*Advanced Squad Leader, a tactical wargame...
(pl. usool) : Root, origin, source; principle.
Aslim TaslamAslim Taslam is a phrase meaning "accept Islam and you will be saved". that is taken from the letters sent by the Islamic prophet Muhammad to various kings and rulers in which he urged them to convert to Islam.-Letters of Muhammad:...
(أسلِم تسلَم): "Submit to Islam" (See
dawahDa‘wah usually denotes preaching of Islam. Da‘wah means literally "issuing a summons" or "making an invitation", being the active participle of a verb meaning variously "to summon, to invite" . A Muslim who practices da‘wah, either as a religious worker or in a volunteer community effort, is...
) (See: lan astaslem)
{{translThe 99 Names of Allah, also known as The 99 Most Beautiful Names of God , are the names of God by which Muslims regard God and which are traditionally maintained as described in the Qur'ān, and Sunnah, amongst other places. There is, according to hadith, a special group of 99 names but no...
(أسماء الله الحسنى): List of God's 99 names. According to a hadith, the one who enumerates them all will enter Paradise.
{{translThe Asr prayer is the afternoon daily prayer recited by practising Muslims. It is the third of the five daily prayers [islamic day begins at maghrib]. The five daily prayers collectively are one pillar of the Five Pillars of Islam, in Sunni Islam, and one of the ten Practices of the Religion ...
(العصر): The third salat prayer. The time of the day before sunset and after noon. also means "era".
{{translAs-Sirāt , also called Sirat al-Jahim is, in Islam, the hair-narrow bridge, which according to Muslim belief every person must pass on the Day of Judgement to enter Paradise. It is said that it is as thin as a hair and as sharp as a sword. Below this path are the fires of Hell, which burn the...
: The bridge on which judgement of where a person's Akhira (afterlife) will lie is passed.
al-Asharatu Mubashsharun bil-Jannah or just
Asharatu Mubashsharah ({{lang-ar-at|a=العشرة المبشّرون بالجنة or عشرة المبشّر|t=‘Asharatul-mubashshirūn or ‘Asharatul-mubashshirūne bil Jannah}}
): The ten companions of Muhammad who were promised paradise (only in
Sunni IslamSunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. It is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘ah or Ahl as-Sunnah for short...
)
{{transl (عاشوراء) :
TenthTenth can mean:*Tenth Amendment to the U.S. ConstitutionIn mathematics:* 10th, an ordinal number; as in the item in an order ten places from the beginning, following the ninth and preceding the eleventh....
day of the month of
MuharramMuharram is the first month of the Islamic calendar. It is one of the four sacred months of the year in which fighting is prohibited...
. It is the day God saved Moses and the children of Israel from the Pharaoh. The grandson of the prophet Muhammad, Imam Hussayn sacrificed his life along with 72 of his companions on the sand dunes of
KarbalaKarbala is a city in Iraq, located about southwest of Baghdad at 32.61°N, 44.08°E. In the time of Husayn ibn Alī's life, the place was also known as al-Ghadiriyah, Naynawa, and Shathi'ul-Furaat. The estimated population in 2003 was 572,300 people. It is the capital of Karbala Governorate...
. Sunni Scholars recommended to fast during this day. To the Shias, it is also a day on which they mourn the death of the third Shia Imam,
Husayn ibn AliḤusayn ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib was the son of ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib and Fātimah Zahrā...
, along with his family and companions, who were killed in the famous battle in
KarbalaKarbala is a city in Iraq, located about southwest of Baghdad at 32.61°N, 44.08°E. In the time of Husayn ibn Alī's life, the place was also known as al-Ghadiriyah, Naynawa, and Shathi'ul-Furaat. The estimated population in 2003 was 572,300 people. It is the capital of Karbala Governorate...
. They cry and weep and organize lamentating programmes where they not only learn how to live a proper Islamic life and improve their Spiritual Self but also cry at the end of the ritual to show their true love and faith towards imam Hussayn.
{{translAs-Salāmu `Alaykum is an Arabic spoken greeting used by Muslims and to a lesser extent by Arab Christians and Jews. The term salam in Arabic means "peace". The greeting may also be transliterated as Asalaam 'Alaykum which means "peace be upon you". The traditional response is Wa `Alaykum...
(السلام عليكم): The Islamic greeting; literally "Peace be upon you"; In addition,
{{transl|sem|wa-Raḥmatullāhi wa-Barakātuhu}} means "and the Mercy of God and His blessing". The response to this greeting is
{{transl|sem|wa-‘Alaykum us-Salām wa-Raḥmatullāhi wa-Barakātuhu}} --"And on you be the Peace and Mercy of God and His Blessing".
Astaghfirullāh (أستغفر الله): "I seek forgiveness from God." Islamic expression.
A'udhu billah (أعوذ بالله
’A‘ūdhu billāh): "I seek refuge in God". This is a paraphrase on the beginnings of the two last suras in the Qur'an.
{{transl (أولياء): Friends, protectors, helpers, caretaker, maintainer. (singular: wali)
{{translAwrah or Aurat is a term used within Islam which denotes the parts of the body, for both men and women, which must be covered with clothing. Exposing the Awrah is unlawful in Islam and is regarded as sin...
(عورة) : The parts of the body, male or female, must be covered in public but not between spouses, such as, body parts must be concealed of a woman before non-related men.(non-related men means she can marry those men lawfully).
ĀyahAyah is the Arabic word for sign or miracle, cognate with Hebrew ot , means sign. The word usually refers to each one of the 6236 verses found in the Qur'an . Muslims regard each ayah of the Qur'an a sign from Allah...
(آية), plural āyāt (آيات) : A sign. More specifically, a verse in the Qur'an.
ĀyatullāhAyatollah is a high ranking title given to Usuli Twelver Shī‘ah clerics. Those who carry the title are experts in Islamic studies such as jurisprudence, ethics, and philosophy and usually teach in Islamic seminaries...
(آية الله, also spelled
Ayatollah):
Sign of God Title given to highly ranked religious scholars in Sh'ia sect.
B
B.B.H.N : Blessed be His Name acronym for SAWS see P.B.U.H.
Baghawat: insurgency against a legitimate government
Bai'a : (بيعة) : pledge
Batil: (باطل) : void
BaitullahBaitullah, an Arabic phrase meaning "House of God", may refer to:* Baitullah Mehsud, the name of a militant commander in Pakistan* The Kaaba, Islam's holiest site* Any mosque...
(بيت الله
baytullāh) : A mosque, literally "house of God".
BarakahBarakah is an Arabic term meaning blessing, particularly, spiritual gifts or protection transmitted from God. It is also described as "the greater good" derived from any act. The parallel Jewish term is the cognate Berakhah, in Christianity charisma or divine grace. Barakah also refers to the...
(بركة) : a form of blessing. Also, spiritual wisdom and blessing transmitted from master to pupil. The special favor or divine grace which is possessed by the "friends of God," or Sufi masters in particular.
BarakAllahu Feekum: may Allah bless you; response to expression of thanks.
BarzakhIn Islamic eschatology, Barzakh is the intermediate state in which the soul of the deceased is transferred across the boundaries of the mortal realm into a kind of "cold sleep" where the soul will rest until the Qiyamah . The term appears in the Qur'an Surah 23, Ayat 100.Barzakh is a sequence that...
(برزخ): The one-way barrier between the mortal realm and the spirit world which the deceased soul crosses and waits for
qiyamahIn Islam, Yawm al-Qiyāmah "the Day of Resurrection" or Yawm ad-Din "the Day of Judgement" is God's final assessment of humanity. al-Qiyāmah is also the name of the 75th surah of the Qur'an....
judgment.
BasherBasher is the Arabic word for face. In Islamic context, it refers to one or several humans or man .- External links :*...
(بشر) : Human(s). Literally means 'face' but generally it refers to a person (man/woman).
{{translBasirah is an Arabic word meaning insight, discernment, and perceptivity when used by Sufis to denote the ability to directly perceive a transcendental truth, or meaning dark, sad, and frowning when referring to non-believers on Yaum al-Qiyamah....
(بصيرة) : Insight, discernment, perceptivity, deep knowledge. Sometimes used by
SufisSufism or ' , also spelled as tasavvuf and tasavvof, is generally understood to be the inner, mystical dimension of Islam. A practitioner of this tradition is generally known as a ' , though some adherents of the tradition reserve this term only for those practitioners who have attained the goals...
to denote the ability to directly perceive a transcendental Truth.
BatinBatin is defined as the interior or hidden meaning of the Quran. This is in contrast to the Quran's exterior or apparent meaning . Some Muslim groups believe that the Batin can only be fully understood and interpreted by a figure with esoteric knowledge, who for Shi'a Muslims is the Imam of the...
: The interior or hidden meaning. A person who devotes himself to studying such hidden meanings is a batini.
{{translBid‘ah is any type of innovation in Islam. Though innovations in worldly matters, such as science, medicine and technology are acceptable and encouraged, Bid`ah within the religion is often seen as a sin or innuendo, and the prophet of Islam, Muhammad, stated as such:“Whosoever originates an...
(بدعة) : Innovation in religion, i.e. inventing new methods of worship. Bad Bid'ahs in Islam are considered a deviation and a serious sin by many Muslims.
Bid'ah sayyi'ah : Inquiry prohibited in Islam.
Bint (بنت) : daughter
Bismi-llāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīmiBasmala is an Arabic language noun which is used as the collective name of the whole of the recurring Islamic phrase bismi-llāhi ar-raḥmāni ar-raḥīmi. This phrase constitutes the first verse of every "sura" of the Qur'an , and is used in a number of contexts by Muslims...
(بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم) : "In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful".
BurdaBurda may refer to:* Hubert Burda Media, a media company based in Germany**Burda Fashion * Qaṣīdah al-Burda, an Arabic poem* Burda , a mountain range in southern Slovakia, part of the Northern Medium Mountains...
(بردة) : not an Arabic term; means "curtain" in Persian. Means covering or to cover.
{{translBay'ah , literally means to sell, in Islamic terminology it is an oath of allegiance to a leader. It is known to have been practiced by the prophet Muhammad...
(بيعة) : an
oath of allegianceAn oath of allegiance is an oath whereby a subject or citizen acknowledges his/her duty of allegiance and swears loyalty to his/her monarch or country. In many modern oaths of allegiance, allegiance is sworn to the Constitution. In particular, in the United States presidents, judges, and military...
to a leader, traditionally the
CaliphThe Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah. It is a transliterated version of the Arabic word which means "successor" or "representative"...
or
ImamAn imam is an Islamic leadership position, often the leader of a mosque and the community. Similar to spiritual leaders, the imam is the one who leads the prayer during Islamic gatherings. More often, the community turns to the mosque imam if they have an Islamic question...
.
C
CaliphThe Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah. It is a transliterated version of the Arabic word which means "successor" or "representative"...
(خليفة
khalīfah) : literally successor; refers to the successor of the Prophet Muhammad, the ruler of an Islamic theocratic monarchy
D
Dahri: atheist - from the root
ad dahr meaning time. In Islam, atheists are seen as those who think that time only destroys, hence the term ad dahriyyah for the concept of atheism.
Dajjal Masih ad-Dajjal is an evil figure in Islamic eschatology. He is to appear pretending to be Masih at a time in the future, before Yawm al-Qiyamah...
(دجّال) : an Islamic figure similar to the
AntichristThe Antichrist, according to Christianity, is one who fulfills Biblical prophecies concerning an adversary of Christ while resembling him in a deceptive manner. "Antichrist" is the English translation of the original Koine Greek ἀντίχριστος, pronounced än-tē'-khrē-stos. It is made up of two root...
; means "liar" or "deceiver".
Dallal (ضلال): going astray.
Dar al'Ahd (دار العهد) : the Ottoman Empire's relationship with its Christian tributary states.
Dar al-Amn (دار الأمن) : means house of safety; refers to status of a Muslim living in some of the
Western worldThe Western world, also known as the West and the Occident , is a term that can have multiple meanings depending on its context...
.
Dar ad-Dawa (دار الدعوة) : a region where Islam has recently been introduced.
Dar al-Harb (دار الحرب) : means house of war; refers to areas outside Muslim rule at war with Muslim states.
Dar al-IslamDifferent divisions of the world have existed in Islamic religion and culture.The idea of divisions was suggested by Imam Abu Hanifa Some are geo-political divisions that are derived from non-Qu'ranic traditions in Islamic culture. These conventions delineate several divisions of the world called...
(دار الإسلام): the abode, or land, of Islam.
Dar al-Kufr (دار الكفر) : means domain of disbelief; the term originally refers to the Quraish-dominated society of Mecca between Prophet Mohammed's flight to Medina (the Hijra) and the
city's conquestMecca was conquered by the Muslims in January 630 AD .. It is called Fatah-e-Mubeen, The Glorious Victory.-Background:...
.
Dar as-Sulh ( دارالصلح ): domain of agreement
Dar ash-Shahada (دار الشهادة) :
See Dar al-Amn
DarūdDarood can mean:*Darod, a Somali clan*Durood, a phrase complimenting Muhammad*Darood, a Sufi concentration...
: blessing
Da`wahDa‘wah usually denotes preaching of Islam. Da‘wah means literally "issuing a summons" or "making an invitation", being the active participle of a verb meaning variously "to summon, to invite" . A Muslim who practices da‘wah, either as a religious worker or in a volunteer community effort, is...
(الدعوة) : the call to Islam. (See
aslim taslamAslim Taslam is a phrase meaning "accept Islam and you will be saved". that is taken from the letters sent by the Islamic prophet Muhammad to various kings and rulers in which he urged them to convert to Islam.-Letters of Muhammad:...
)
DarwīšA Dervish or Darvesh is someone treading a Sufi Muslim ascetic path or "Tariqah", known for their extreme poverty and austerity, similar to mendicant friars in Christianity or Hindu/Buddhist/Jain sadhus....
(درويش) : an initiate of the Sufi Path, one who practices Sufism
DhikrDhikr is an Islamic devotional act. It often includes the repetition of the names of God, supplications and aphorisms from hadith literature and sections of the Qur'an...
: A devotional practice whereby the name of God is repeated in a rhythmical manner
DhikrDhikr is an Islamic devotional act. It often includes the repetition of the names of God, supplications and aphorisms from hadith literature and sections of the Qur'an...
(ذكر) or zikr (in Persian/Urdu): remembrance of God; spiritual exercise; Muslims believe that the primary function of prophets is to remind people of God.
DhimmiA dhimmi is a non-Muslim subject of a state governed in accordance with sharia law...
(ذمّي) : "Protected person";
JewsJudaism is a set of beliefs and practices originating in the Hebrew Bible , as later further explored and explained in the Talmud and other texts...
and
ChristiansChristianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented by the revelations in the New Testament....
(and sometimes others, such as Buddhists, Sikhs, Hindus, and
ZoroastriansZoroastrianism is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings ascribed to the prophet Zoroaster , after whom the religion is named. The term Zoroastrianism is, in general usage, essentially synonymous with Mazdaism, i.e...
), living in an Islamic state whose right to practice their religion is tolerated under Islamic law.
DhuhrThe dhuhr prayer is the prayer after midday Performed daily by practicing Muslims, it is the fourth of the five daily prayers [islamic day begins at maghrib]...
: the second obligatory daily prayer.
Dīn is an Arabic word usually translated as "religion" but also as "way of life", especially referring to Islam, known as "the deen", or "the true deen" . It is, however, not exclusive to Islam, as Arab Christians also use it to refer to their religion and religion in general...
(الدين) : the way of life based on Islamic revelation; the sum total of a Muslim's faith and practice. Dīn is often used to mean the faith and religion of Islam.
DiyyaDiyya is compensation paid to the heirs of a victim. In Arabic the word means both blood money and ransom.-Islamic and Arab tradition:...
(دية): fine for unintentional murder.
Dua (دعاء) : personal prayer, supplication
DhuhrThe dhuhr prayer is the prayer after midday Performed daily by practicing Muslims, it is the fourth of the five daily prayers [islamic day begins at maghrib]...
(الظهر): second salat prayer
DunyaDunyá is an Arabic word that means, in Islamic terminology, the temporal world—and its earthly concerns and possessions—as opposed to the eternal spiritual realm, or the hereafter . Dunyá literally means 'closer' or 'lower'...
(دنيا): The physical Universe, as opposed to the Hereafter
E
Ethiaat: Also Ahwat. A Precaution, either obligatory or optional.
Ethiaat-Mustahabbi: A preferred precation.
Ethiaat-Waajib: An obligatory precation.
F
Fajarah (فجرة): Wicked evil doers. Plural of "Fajir" (فاجر).
FajrThe Fajr prayer is the first of the five daily prayers after recited by practising Muslims. The five daily prayers collectively form one pillar of the Five Pillars of Islam, in Sunni Islam, and one of the ten Practices of the Religion according to Shia Islam.The Fajr prayer is mentioned by name...
(فجر): morning, as in the morning prayer. The time of the day when there is light in the horizon before sunrise.
{{translFalah is the Arabic word for success , happiness and well-being. In Islamic context, according to the Qur'an, actions such as conforming to Allah's commands, not taking intoxicants, not gambling and establishing the Zakat will all lead to falah....
(فلاح): deliverance, salvation, well-being
Falsafah: "philosophy" The methods and content of Greek philosophy which were brought into Islam. A person who tries to interpret Islam though rationalist philosophy was called a faylasuf ("philosopher").
{{translFanaa Context, origin: The concept of fanā was originally coined by the Sufi Abū Sa’id Karrāz, and is often attributed to Abū L-Qāsim al-Junayd. Fanā comes from a doctrine that has been developed since Junayd al-Baghdadi’s execution in A.D. 922...
(فناء) :
SufiSufism or ' , also spelled as tasavvuf and tasavvof, is generally understood to be the inner, mystical dimension of Islam. A practitioner of this tradition is generally known as a ' , though some adherents of the tradition reserve this term only for those practitioners who have attained the goals...
term meaning extinction - to die to this life while alive. Having no existence outside of God.
Faqih (pl. fuqaha) : One who has a deep understanding of Islam, its laws, and jurisprudence. (see fiqh)
Al-Faraj: the return of the Shia Mahdi
{{translFard also farida is an Islamic term which denotes a religious duty. The word is also used in Persian, Turkish, and Urdu in the same meaning....
(فرض), plural Fara’id (فرأض) : a religious duty, or an obligatory action:
praying 5 times a day is fard Neglecting a fard will result in a punishment in the hereafter. (See wajib)
Fard ayn ( الواجب الع): obligatory on every individual Muslim to aid in any way he can.
Fard kifayah (الواجب الكفائي): an obligation on the Muslim community as a whole, from which some are freed if others take it up such as for jihad.
FāsiqFasiq is an Arabic term referring to someone who violates Islamic law. However, it is usually reserved to describe someone guilty of openly and flagrantly violating Islamic law and/or someone whose moral character is corrupt....
(فاسق): anyone who has violated Islamic law; usually refers to one whose character has been corrupted (plural "fasiqun").
Fatiha: the short, opening sura of the Qur'an, which begins "In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate. Praise be to God, the Lord of the Worlds..." These words hold an important place in Muslim liturgies and forms the core of the salat.
FatwāA fatwā , in the Islamic faith is a religious opinion concerning Islamic law issued by an Islamic scholar. In Sunni Islam any fatwa is non-binding, whereas in Shia Islam it could be binding, depending on the status of the scholar...
(فتوى) : legal opinion of an (
alimUlema refers to the educated class of Muslim legal scholars engaged in the several fields of Islamic studies. They are best known as the arbiters of shari‘a law...
) binding on him and on those who follow his
taqlidTaqlid or taqleed is an Arabic term meaning "following " or "imitation". In Islamic legal terminology it refers to the practice of following the decisions of a religious authority without necessarily examining the scriptural basis or reasoning of that decision...
Fi Amanillah: May Allah protect you. Said when a person departs.
FiqhFiqh is Islamic jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the Sharia Islamic law—based directly on the Quran and Sunnah—that complements Shariah with evolving rulings/interpretations of Islamic jurists....
(فقه) :
jurisprudenceJurisprudence is the theory and philosophy of law. Scholars of jurisprudence, or legal philosophers, hope to obtain a deeper understanding of the nature of law, of legal reasoning, legal systems and of legal institutions. Modern jurisprudence began in the 18th century and was focused on the first...
built around the shariah by custom (al-urf). Literally means "deep understanding", refers to understanding the Islamic laws. (see faqih)
Fi sabil AllahFi sabil Allah is an Arabic term meaning in the cause of Allah. In Islamic context, it is to be on the path of Allah. Although it is a wide-ranging term, it is generally interpreted as referring to military Jihad....
(في سبيل الله): for the sake of Allah; common Islamic expression for performing acts such as charity or
JihadJihad , an Islamic term, is a religious duty of Muslims. In Arabic, the word jihād is a noun meaning "struggle." Jihad appears frequently in the Qur'an and common usage as the idiomatic expression "striving in the way of Allah "...
and for 'qatlu' (fighting in mortal combat for the sake of Allah
Fitna (pl. fitan) (فتنة) :
trial or
tribulationThe Tribulation is the name given to the event or events referred to in and other passages of the New Testament in the Christian Bible...
; also refers to any period of disorder, such as a civil war, or the period of time before the
end of the worldEschatology is a part of theology and philosophy concerned with what are believed to be the final events in the history of the world, or the ultimate destiny of humanity, commonly referred to as the end of the world...
or any civil strife.
{{transl (فطرة): innate disposition towards virtue, knowledge, and beauty. Muslims believe every child is born with fitrah.
FurqānFurqan may refer to:*Surat al-Furqan , the 25th sura of the Qur'an*al-Faruq , the Sunni honorary for a companion of Muhammad, and for the Sunnis became the second Caliph...
(فرقان): the criterion (of right and wrong, true and false); for example, the Qur'an as furqan.
G
GhafaraIn Islamic context, Ghafara or maghfira is one of three ways of forgiveness, as written in the Qur'an and one of Allah's characteristics. It is to forgive, to cover up and to remit ....
(غفر): (verb in past tense) to forgive, to cover up (sins). A characteristic of God.
GhaflahGhaflah is the Arabic word for negligence, heedlessness. In Islamic context, it is the sin of forgetting Allah and one's divine origins, or being indifferent of these.- External links :**...
(غفلة): heedlessness, forgetfulness of God, indifference
GhaybIn Islamic context, Ghaib is unseen and unknown, in reference to Allah and the forces that shape the world. The Qur'an states that man is unable to see Allah and his attributes. Belief in al-Ghaib is considered an important Muslim characteristic, as it allows for prayer and faith....
(غيب): the unseen, unknown.
Ghasbi : possessed unlawfully
GhuslGhusl is an Arabic term referring to the full ablution required in Islam for various rituals and prayers. The ablution becomes mandatory for any adult Muslim after having sexual intercourse, any sexual discharge , completion of the menstrual cycle, giving birth, and death by natural causes.Islam...
(غسل): full ablution of the whole body (see
wuduWudu is the Islamic act of washing parts of the body using water. Muslims are required to be clean in preparation for ritual prayers. The Quran says "For Allah loves those who turn to Him constantly and He loves those who keep themselves pure and clean."...
). Ghusl janaba is the mandatory shower after having sexual discharge.
H
Hadath akbar : major ritual impurity which requires Niyyat for cleaning.
Hadath asghar : minor ritual impurity
Hadeeth Mashhoor : Well-known hadith; a hadith which reported by one, two, or more Companions from the Prophet or from another Companion, but has later become well-known and transmitted by an indefinite number of people during the first and second generation of Muslims.
Hadha min fadhle Rabbi is an Arabic phrase whose translation in English nears "" or "" Generally speaking, the phrase is most often used to convey a sense humility and most importantly, gratitude to God for having something, be it material or spiritual, or otherwise, such as a talent one may possess, or good health,...
(هَذَا مِن فَضْلِ رَبِّي): Qur'anic expression and phrase meaning This is by the Grace of my Lord.
Hādī (هادي): a guide, one who guides; A Muslim name for God is The Guide, or Al-Hadi.
HadithHadith are oral traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Hadith are regarded by traditional schools of jurisprudence as important tools for determining the Muslim way of life, the sunnah. Hadith were originally oral traditions of Muhammad's actions and customs...
(حديث
ḥadīth) plural ahādīth : literally "speech"; recorded saying or tradition of the Prophet
MuhammadMuhammad ibn ‘Abdullāh , is the founder of the religion of Islam [ إِسْلامْ ] and is regarded by Muslims as a messenger and prophet of , the last and the greatest law-bearer in a series of Islamic prophets as taught by the...
validated by
isnadA hadith was originally just an Arabic story. As the stories began to be used formally it became common to provide their chain of transmitters, . The story proper was then called the matn.-Use:...
; with
siraSīrah Rasūl Allāh or Sīrat Nabawiyya is the Arabic term used for the various traditional Muslim biographies of Muhammad, from which most historical information about his life and the early period of Islam is derived...
these comprise the
sunnahSunnah is an Arabic word that means habit or usual practice. The Muslim usage of this term refers to the sayings and living habits of Muhammad, the main prophet of Islam....
and reveal shariah
{{transl (حافظ) : someone who knows the Qur'an by heart. Literal translation = memorizer or Protector.
Haid : menstruation
HajjThe Hajj is a pilgrimage to Mecca . It is currently the largest annual pilgrimage in the world, and is the fifth pillar of Islam, an obligation that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so...
(الحجّ
haj) : pilgrimage to
MeccaMecca , sometimes spelled Makkah is the holiest meeting site of the Islamic religion. The city is modern, cosmopolitan and whilst being closed to non-Muslims is nonetheless ethnically diverse.Islamic tradition attributes the beginning of Mecca to Ishmael's descendants...
. Sunnis regard this as the fifth
Pillar of IslamThe Five Pillars of Islam is the term given to the five duties incumbent on every Muslim. These duties are Shahada , Salah , Zakah , Saum and Hajj .These five practices are essential to Sunni Islam; Shi'a Muslims subscribe to eight ritual practices which substantially...
Hajj al Tamattu: performing `Umrah during the Hajj season, and on the Day of Tarwiah a pilgrim gets into the state of Ihram for Hajj. Before making 'Umrah, approach the
MiqatMīqat are the stations at which pilgrims on the Hajj, the pilgrimage to Mecca required of all able Muslims, put on ihrām, the pilgrim's garment. Five of these stations were set up by Muhammad, a sixth being added later for the convenience of travellers from India and points further east...
and declare the intention. End by sacrificing an animal.
Hajj al Qiran : At
MiqatMīqat are the stations at which pilgrims on the Hajj, the pilgrimage to Mecca required of all able Muslims, put on ihrām, the pilgrim's garment. Five of these stations were set up by Muhammad, a sixth being added later for the convenience of travellers from India and points further east...
, declare intention to perform both Hajj and `Umrah together. After throwing the Jamrah of Al-`Aqabah, and getting hair shaved or cut that take off his Ihram garments and sacrifice animal.
Hajj al Ifrad : At
MiqatMīqat are the stations at which pilgrims on the Hajj, the pilgrimage to Mecca required of all able Muslims, put on ihrām, the pilgrim's garment. Five of these stations were set up by Muhammad, a sixth being added later for the convenience of travellers from India and points further east...
, declare intention for Hajj only. Maintain Ihram garments up to the Day of Sacrifice. No offering is required from him.
{{transl' and ' are two Arabic titles , derived from the same triliteral ḤKM "appoint, choose, judge". Compare the Hebrew title hakham.-Hakīm :...
(حاكم) : a ruler's or gubernatorial title.
Hakmiya : sovereignty.
{{translHalal is an Arabic term designating any object or an action which is permissible to use or engage in, according to Islamic law. It is the opposite of haraam. The term is widely used to designate food seen as permissible according to Islamic law...
(حلال) : lawful, permitted, good, beneficial, praiseworthy, honourable. (See
mustahabbMustahabb is an Islamic term referring to recommended, favored or virtuous actions.-Definition:Mustahabb actions are those whose status of approval in Islamic law falls between mubah and wajib...
, mandub)
HalaqaA halaqa is an Islamic gathering or meeting for the primary purpose of learning about Islam. Generally, there is a speaker that speaks while others sit and listen....
: A gathering or meeting for the primary purpose of learning about Islam.
{{transl' is an Arabic term that refers to pre-Islamic non-Jewish or non-Christian Arabian monotheists. More specifically, in Islamic thought it refers to the Arabs during the period known as the Jāhiliyya or "Ignorance", who were seen to have rejected Shirk and retained some or all of the true tenets...
(حنيف) : pre-Islamic non-Jewish or non-Christian monotheists. Plural: {{transl|sem|ḥunafā'}} (حنفاء).
HaqqHaqq is the Arabic word for truth. In Islamic context, it is also interpreted as righteousness, right and reality. Al-Haqq, the truth, is one of the names of God in the Qur'an. It is often used to refer to God as the quality of Ultimate Reality in Sufism.- External links :**, search for "El-Haqq"...
(حق): truth, reality, right, righteousness. Al-Haqq is one of
99 names of GodThe 99 Names of Allah, also known as The 99 Most Beautiful Names of God , are the names of God by which Muslims regard God and which are traditionally maintained as described in the Qur'ān, and Sunnah, amongst other places. There is, according to hadith, a special group of 99 names but no...
.
{{translHaraam is an Arabic term meaning "forbidden". In Islam it is used to refer to anything that is prohibited by the faith...
(حرام) : forbidden. An individual is rewarded for keeping away from
haramThe Arabic term has a meaning of "sanctuary" or "holy site" in Islam.-Etymology:The Arabic language has two separate words, and , both derived from the same triliteral Semitic root . Both of these words can mean "forbidden" and/or "sacred" in a general way, but each has also developed some...
done out of obedience, (rather than out of fear, shyness or the inability to do it.) Antonym:
halalHalal is an Arabic term designating any object or an action which is permissible to use or engage in, according to Islamic law. It is the opposite of haraam. The term is widely used to designate food seen as permissible according to Islamic law...
. (See
mazurMazur can refer to:* The Mazurs, a Slavic ethnic group with historic origins in the Polish region of Masovia* A surname signifying membership in the Mazur ethnic group :** Barry Mazur, American mathematician** Bret "Epic" Mazur, American musician** Eric Mazur,...
, makrouh)
{{translThe Arabic term has a meaning of "sanctuary" or "holy site" in Islam.-Etymology:The Arabic language has two separate words, and , both derived from the same triliteral Semitic root . Both of these words can mean "forbidden" and/or "sacred" in a general way, but each has also developed some...
(حرم) : sanctuary.
{{transl (حسن): Good, beautiful, admirable. Also a categorization of a hadith's authenticity as "acceptable". (other categorizations include authenic and fabricated).
Hawaa (pl. ahwaa') : Vain or egotistical desire; individual passion; impulsiveness.
Hidāyah (هداية) : guidance from God.
{{translA hijab or ' , as commonly understood in the English-speaking world, is the type of head covering traditionally worn by Muslim women, but can also refer to modest Muslim styles of dress in general. The Arabic word literally means curtain or cover , based on the root حجب meaning "to cover, to veil,...
(حجاب) : literally "cover". It describes the self-covering of the body for the purposes of modesty and dignity; broadly, a prescribed system of attitudes and behaviour regarding modesty and dignity. (See abayah, al-amira, burnuk,
burqaA burqa is an enveloping outer garment worn by women in some Islamic traditions for the purpose of cloaking the entire body...
,
chadorA chādor or chādar is an outer garment or open cloak worn by many Iranian women in public spaces; it is one possible way in which a Muslim woman may follow the Islamic dress code known as ħijāb. A chador is a full-length semicircle of fabric open down the front, which is thrown over the head and...
,
jilbabThe term jilbab or jilbaab is the plural of the word jilaabah which refers to any long and loose-fit coat or garment worn by some Muslim women. They believe that this definition of jilbab fulfills the Quranic demand for a Hijab...
, khimar, milfeh,
niqabA niqāb is a veil which covers the face, worn by some Muslim women as a part of sartorial hijāb.Niqab is most common in the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf such as Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, and the UAE....
,
purdahPurdah or Pardaa is the practice of preventing women from being seen by men. This takes two forms: physical segregation of the sexes, and the requirement for women to cover their bodies and conceal their form...
, shayla)
HijraThe Hijra is the migration of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers to the city of Medina in 622 . Alternate spellings of this Arabic word in the Latin alphabet are Hijrah, or Hegira in Latin.- Hijra of Muhammad :...
(الهجرة) : Muhammad and his followers' emigration from
MeccaMecca , sometimes spelled Makkah is the holiest meeting site of the Islamic religion. The city is modern, cosmopolitan and whilst being closed to non-Muslims is nonetheless ethnically diverse.Islamic tradition attributes the beginning of Mecca to Ishmael's descendants...
to
MedinaMedina is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, and serves as the capital of the Al Madinah Province...
. Literally, "migration". This holiday marks the beginning of the Muslim New Year on the first day of the month of Muharram. See Rabi Al-Awwal
and abbreviation A.H..
HikmahHikmah is an Arabic word meaning wisdom. Hikmah is important to Islamic philosophy.In Islam, Allah is viewed as All-Wise and messengers are given scripture and wisdom . Muslims believe that those who reject faith in God are rejecting wisdom...
: Literally this means "wisdom" and refers to the highest possible level of understanding attainable by a Muslim. In particular, it refers to the illuminative, mystical sort of wisdom which a Gnostic or Sufi might accomplish.
{{translA Ḥimá "inviolate zone" refers to an area set aside for the conservation of natural capital, typically fields, wildlife and forests - contrast ḥaram, which defines an area protected for more immediate human purposes....
(حمى) :
wilderness reserveA nature reserve is a protected area of importance for wildlife, flora, fauna or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research...
, protected
forestA forest is an area with a high density of trees. There are many definitions of a forest, based on the various criteria. These plant communities presently cover approximately 9.4% of the Earth's surface in many different regions and function as habitats for organisms, hydrologic flow modulators,...
, grazing commons, important to khalifa
{{transl (حزب) : One half of a
juz'A juz literally means "part." It is one of thirty parts of roughly equal length into which the Qur'an is sometimes divided. This division facilitates recitation of the Qur'an in a month, especially during Ramadan when the entire Qur'an is recited in the Tarawih salat; reciting approximately one...
, or roughly 1/60th of the
Qur'anThe Qur’an is the central religious text of Islam...
HouriIn Islam, the ḥūr or ḥūrīyah are described as " companions of equal age ", "lovely eyed", of "modest gaze", "voluptuous", "pure beings" or "companions pure" of paradise, denoting humans and jinn who enter paradise after being recreated anew in the hereafter...
(حورية
{{transl|sem|ḥūrīya}}; pl.
{{transl|sem|ḥūrīyāt}} حوريات) : beautiful and pure young men and women, that Muslims believe inhabit Paradise, or Heaven.
HudāHuda may refer to:*Huda , the Arabic word for guidance or guide. In Islamic context, the Qur'an itself is considered a huda, a guidance. Compare: Naseeha....
(هدى) : Guidance.
HudnaHudna is an Arabic term meaning a temporary "truce" or "armistice" as well as "calm" or "quiet", coming from a verbal root meaning "calm". It is sometimes translated as "cease-fire"...
(هدنة) : Truce. Cease-fire (often temporary)
{{translHudud is the word often used in Islamic literature for the bounds of acceptable behaviour and the punishments for serious crimes...
(حدود) (sing. hadd) : Literally, limits or boundaries. Usually refers to limits placed by Allah on man; penalties of the Islamic law (
shariaSharia is an Arabic word meaning ‘way’ or ‘path’. In Arabic, the collocation ‘Šarīʿat Allāh’ is traditionally used not only by Muslims, but also Christians and Jews, sometimes translating expressions such as Torat Elōhīm [תורת אלוהים] or ‘ho nómos toû theoû' '’...
) for particular crimes described in the Qur'an - intoxication, theft, rebellion, adultery and fornication, false accusation of adultery, and apostasy. (See ta'zeer)
Hujjaj: Pilgrim
{{transl (حكم): ruling in the Qur'an or Sunnah
I
{{translThe Arabic word ibadah or ibada, usually translated "worship", is connected with related words literally meaning "every", and has connotations of obedience, submission, and humility. In terms of Islam, ibadah is the ultimate obedience, the ultimate submission, and the ultimate humility to God...
(عبادة): worship, but not limited to ritual: all expressions of servitude to Allah, including the pursuit of knowledge, living a pious life, helping, charity, and humility, can be considered ibadah.
Iblīs (إبليس): a
jinnIn Islam, a Djinn is a supernatural creature which occupies a parallel world to that of mankind, and together with humans and angels makes up the three sentient creations of Allah...
banished to Hell for his arrogance and disobedience; aka
SatanSatan is an embodiment of antagonism that originates from the Abrahamic religions, being traditionally considered an angel in Judeo-Christian belief, and a Jinn in Islamic belief...
: derived from the Greek Diabolos or Devil He is the equivalent of Lucifer.
`Id (عيد): festival or celebration.
{{translEid al-Adha "Festival of Sacrifice" or "Greater Eid" is a Muslim Holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide to commemorate the willingness of Ibrahim to sacrifice his son Ismael as an act of obedience to God....
(عيد الأضحى): "the Festival of Sacrifice." The four day celebration starting on the tenth day of Dhul-Hijja.
{{translEid ul-Fitr , often abbreviated to Eid, is a Muslim holiday that marks the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting. Eid is an Arabic word meaning "festivity", while Fiṭr means "to break fast"; and so the holiday symbolizes the breaking of the fasting period...
(عيد الفطر): "the Festival of Fitr (Breaking the fast)." A religious festival that marks the end of the fast of
RamadanRamadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. It is the Islamic month of fasting, in which participating Muslims refrain from eating, drinking, smoking, and indulging in anything that is in excess or ill-natured; from dawn until sunset...
.
I'dad Al-'oda (إعداد العُدَّةِ): "preparation for battle" according to Qur'an
{{transl (إفطار): a meal eaten by Muslims breaking their fast after sunset during the month of Ramadan.
{{transl (إحرام): state of consecration for
hajjThe Hajj is a pilgrimage to Mecca . It is currently the largest annual pilgrimage in the world, and is the fifth pillar of Islam, an obligation that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so...
. Includes dress and or prayer.
{{translIhsan , also ehsan or ahsan is an Arabic term meaning "perfection" or "excellence," which is related to the word "goodness" . It is a matter of taking one's inner faith and showing it in both deed and action, a sense of social responsibility borne from religious convictions...
(إحسان): perfection in worship, such that Muslims try to worship God as if they see Him, and although they cannot see Him, they undoubtedly believe He is constantly watching over them.
Ijaz (إعجاز): miracle, the character of the Qur'an in both form and content.
IjazahAn ijazah is a certificate used primarily by Muslims to indicate that one has been authorized by a higher authority to transmit a certain subject or text of Islamic knowledge...
(إجازة): a certificate authorizing one to transmit a subject or text of Islamic knowledge
{{transl Ijmā' is an Arabic term referring ideally to the consensus of the ummah .The hadith of Muhammad which states that "My community will never agree upon an error" is often cited as support for the validity of ijmā'...
(إجماع): the
consensusConsensus in the English language is defined firstly as unanimous or general agreement; and secondly group solidarity of belief or sentiment. Ideally, achieving consensus requires serious treatment of every group member's considered opinion...
of either the
ummahUmmah is an Arabic word meaning "community" or "nation". It is commonly used to mean either the collective nation of states, or the whole Arab world...
(or just the
ulemaUlema refers to the educated class of Muslim legal scholars engaged in the several fields of Islamic studies. They are best known as the arbiters of shari‘a law...
) - one of four bases of Islamic Law. More generally, political consensus itself. Shi'a substitute obedience to the Imam; opposite of
ikhtilafIkhtilaf is an Islamic scholarly religious disagreement, and is hence the opposite of ijma.Islam teaches that when there is a scholarly disagreement on a certain issue, it is impermissible to condemn a person who follows a position that is different from one's own...
IjtihādIjtihad is a technical term of Islamic law that describes the process of making a legal decision by independent interpretation of the legal sources, the Qur'an and the Sunnah...
(اجتهاد): During the early times of Islam, the possibility of finding a new solution to a juridical problem. Has not been allowed in conservative Islam since the Middle Ages. However,
Liberal movements within IslamProgressive Muslims have produced a considerable body of liberal thoughts within Islam . These movements share a philosophy that depends largely on ijtihad...
generally argue that any Muslim can perform
ijtihadIjtihad is a technical term of Islamic law that describes the process of making a legal decision by independent interpretation of the legal sources, the Qur'an and the Sunnah...
, given that Islam has no generally accepted clerical hierarchy or bureaucratic organization. The opposite of
ijtihadIjtihad is a technical term of Islamic law that describes the process of making a legal decision by independent interpretation of the legal sources, the Qur'an and the Sunnah...
is
taqlidTaqlid or taqleed is an Arabic term meaning "following " or "imitation". In Islamic legal terminology it refers to the practice of following the decisions of a religious authority without necessarily examining the scriptural basis or reasoning of that decision...
(تقليد), Arabic for "imitation".
IkhtilafIkhtilaf is an Islamic scholarly religious disagreement, and is hence the opposite of ijma.Islam teaches that when there is a scholarly disagreement on a certain issue, it is impermissible to condemn a person who follows a position that is different from one's own...
(اختلاف): disagreement among the madhhabs (scholars) of a religious principle; opposite of
ijma Ijmā' is an Arabic term referring ideally to the consensus of the ummah .The hadith of Muhammad which states that "My community will never agree upon an error" is often cited as support for the validity of ijmā'...
.
Ikraam (إكرام): honouring, hospitality, generosity - Dhul jalaali wal ikraam is one of the 99 names of Allah.
Ilāh , is the Arabic for "deity" or "god". The feminine is "goddess"; with the article, it appears as . It appears in the name of the monotheistic god of the Abrahamic religions as , literally "the God", which is paralleled in a feminine form by the pagan divinity "the Goddess". is cognate to...
(إله): deity, a god; including gods worshiped by polytheists.
{{translIlm or ILM can refer to:*ilm , Arabic for knowledge, as an Islamic term it refers to knowledge of Islam.*I Love Music, an Internet music forum.*Ilmr, a goddess in Norse mythology, sometimes written as Ilm.- Geography :...
(علم): all varieties of
knowledgeKnowledge is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as expertise, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject, what is known in a particular field or in total; facts and information or awareness or familiarity gained...
, usually a synonym for
scienceScience is in its broadest sense to any systematic knowledge-base or prescriptive practice that is capable of resulting in a prediction or predictable type of outcome...
ImāmAn imam is an Islamic leadership position, often the leader of a mosque and the community. Similar to spiritual leaders, the imam is the one who leads the prayer during Islamic gatherings. More often, the community turns to the mosque imam if they have an Islamic question...
(إمام): literally, leader; e.g. a man who
leads a community or
leads the prayer; the Shi'a sect use the term only as a title for one of the twelve Allah-appointed successors of Prophet Muhammad.
ImamahThe word Imamate is an Arabic word with an English language suffix meaning leadership. Its use in theology is confined to Islam.Theological usage:...
(إمامة) or
imamateThe word Imamate is an Arabic word with an English language suffix meaning leadership. Its use in theology is confined to Islam.Theological usage:...
: successorship of Prophet Muhammad and the leadership of mankind.
ImānIman is an Islamic term usually translated as "belief or faith" and is often used to refer to the strength of conviction in a Muslim. This refers to faith in Islam requiring a "belief in the unseen," and one who has such faith is called a mu'min...
(إيمان): personal faith
Innaa Lillaahi Wa Innaa Ilayhi Raaji'oon : To Allah we belong and to Him is our return - said to mourners
InfāqInfaq ' is an Arabic word meaning charity simply to please God without asking for any favor or hoping for a return. The word yunfiqoon has been used often in the Holy Quran as a trait of a goodMuslim...
(إنفاق): the habitual inclination to give rather than take in life; the basis for charity
Injīl (الإنجيل): Arabic term for the holy book called The Gospel said to have been given to Jesus, who is known as
IsaIn Islam, Jesus is considered a messenger of God who had been sent to guide the Children of Israel with a new scripture, the Injīl...
in Arabic; Muslims believe the holy book has been lost and the
New TestamentThe New Testament is the name given to the second major division of the Christian Bible, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament, both terms being associated with Supersessionism...
gospelA gospel is a writing that describes the life of Jesus. The word is primarily used to refer to the four canonical texts: the Gospel of Matthew, Gospel of Mark, Gospel of Luke and Gospel of John, probably written between AD 65 and 80...
s (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) are not the word of Allah, only Christian stories about Jesus.
Insha'Allah is an Arabic term evoked by Indonesian, Arabic, Malay, Spanish, Wolof, Persian, Bosnian, Albanian, Turkish, Cypriot Greek, Urdu, Hausa, Bengali and many Muslim English, German, and French speakers to indicate hope for an aforementioned event to occur in the future...
(إن شاء الله): If it is God's(Allah's) will
Iqamah (إقامة): the second call to prayer. Similar to the azhan.
Irtidad (ارتداد): apostasy (see murtadd). Also
riddah ردة
{{translIsa may refer to*Isa Miranda, Itn actress* īśa upaniṣad, A Hindu religious text* Isa , a 2004 album by Enslaved*Isa , a local variation of a Jota*Isa , a moth genus...
(عيسى) : Jesus - 'Isa ibn Maryam (English: Jesus son of Mary), a matronymic (since he had no biological father. The Qur'an asserts that Allah has no sons and therefore, 'Isa is not the son of Allah. Muslims honor 'Isa as a
nabiNabi may refer to:* Prophets of Islam, non-divine humans who, in the Islamic faith, have been chosen as prophets by God* Butterfly in the Korean language** Nabi , a 2001 South Korean film** The Korean language title of Mr...
and rasoul.
{{transl* Isha'a, the Fard daily Salah prayers in Islam* a Sanskrit term for "God, deity", see Ishvara** Isha Upanishad, the Hindu religious text*an Indian given name** Isha Ambani, the daughter of Indian businessman Mukesh Ambani...
(عشاء): night; the fifth salat prayer
IslamIslam Islam Islam ( al-’islām,
[There are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or , and whether the a is pronounced as in father, as in cat, or (when the stress is on the i) as in the a of sofa...]
{{Audio|ar-al_islam.ogg|(الإسلام) }} : "submission to God". The Arabic root word for Islam means submission, obedience, peace, and purity.
IsnādA hadith was originally just an Arabic story. As the stories began to be used formally it became common to provide their chain of transmitters, . The story proper was then called the matn.-Use:...
(إسناد): chain of transmitters of any given
hadithHadith are oral traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Hadith are regarded by traditional schools of jurisprudence as important tools for determining the Muslim way of life, the sunnah. Hadith were originally oral traditions of Muhammad's actions and customs...
Isra (الإسراء): the night journey during which
MuhammadMuhammad ibn ‘Abdullāh , is the founder of the religion of Islam [ إِسْلامْ ] and is regarded by Muslims as a messenger and prophet of , the last and the greatest law-bearer in a series of Islamic prophets as taught by the...
(محمّد)is said to have visited Heaven. See
mirajMiraj is a historic town in southern Maharashtra, India. The history of the town dates back to the early 10th century, and the town is known for its rich tradition of Hindustani classical music and for religious harmony. It served as a stronghold and a strategic bastion owing to its location and...
.
Istigfar (استغفار): requesting forgiveness
Istihada (استحاضة): vaginal bleeding except Haid and Nifas
IstislahIstislah is a method employed by Muslim jurists to solve problems that find no clear answer in sacred religious texts. It is related to the term مصلحة Maslaha, or "public interest"...
(استصلاح): public interest - a source of Islamic Law.
Istish'hād'Shahid' is an Arabic word meaning "witness". It is a religious term in Islam, meaning "witness", as stated, but most often "martyr." It is used as a title for Muslims who have died fulfilling a religious commandment, or waging war for Islam.-General use:The shahid is considered one whose place...
(استشهاد): martyrdom.
Itaqu: The faithful who fear Allah.
Ithim (إثم): Negative reward for bad deeds that is tallied on
qiyamahIn Islam, Yawm al-Qiyāmah "the Day of Resurrection" or Yawm ad-Din "the Day of Judgement" is God's final assessment of humanity. al-Qiyāmah is also the name of the 75th surah of the Qur'an....
(judgment day.) Opposite of thawab.
ItikafIʿtikāf , also transliterated as Etikaf or E'tikaf or E'tekaf, is a particularly commended pious Islamic practice consisting of a period of retreat in a mosque, for a certain number of days in accordance with the believer's own wish....
: seclusion in the masjid for the purpose of worship usually performed during the last 10 days of Ramadan.
Itmām al-hujjah (إتمام الحجة):clarification of truth in its ultimate form.
J
Jaa'iz : That which is allowed or permissible. As a rule, everything that is not prohibited is allowed. (See halal, mustahabb, mandub)
JahannamJahannam is the Islamic equivalent to Gei Hinnom, or hell. Its name is similar to the Hebrew word Gehinnom, from which it derives. According to the Qur'an only God knows who will go to Jahannam and who will go to Jannah...
(جهنم) : the Hell-fire; Hell
Jāhiliyyah (الجاهليّة) : the time of ignorance before Islam was realized. Describes polytheistic religions.
Jahl (جهل) : ignorance, arrogance.
Jalsa - sitting.
{{translJamia is the Arabic word for gathering . It can also refer to a university, a mosque, or more generally, a community or association.It is also the name of a neighborhood in the Mansour district of Baghdad, Iraq....
(جامعة) : "gathering"; i.e. a university, a mosque, or more generally, a community or association.
Janaba : A ceremonial impurity that necessitates full ghusl ablution
Janaza (جنازة) : funeral prayer
JannahJannah is the Islamic conception of paradise. The Arabic word Jannah is a shortened version meaning simply "Garden". According to Islamic eschatology, after death, one will reside in the grave until the appointed resurrection on Yawm al-Qiyāmah...
(جنة) : Paradise, Heaven, the Garden
Jazakallahu Khayran (جزاك الله خير) : "May God reward you for the good." Islamic expression of gratitude.
JihādJihad , an Islamic term, is a religious duty of Muslims. In Arabic, the word jihād is a noun meaning "struggle." Jihad appears frequently in the Qur'an and common usage as the idiomatic expression "striving in the way of Allah "...
(جهاد) : struggle. Any earnest striving in the way of God, involving personal, physical, for righteousness and against wrong-doing;
JihādJihad , an Islamic term, is a religious duty of Muslims. In Arabic, the word jihād is a noun meaning "struggle." Jihad appears frequently in the Qur'an and common usage as the idiomatic expression "striving in the way of Allah "...
al Saghir : Offensive jihad declared by caliph.
JihādJihad , an Islamic term, is a religious duty of Muslims. In Arabic, the word jihād is a noun meaning "struggle." Jihad appears frequently in the Qur'an and common usage as the idiomatic expression "striving in the way of Allah "...
al talab: Offensive jihad.
JihādJihad , an Islamic term, is a religious duty of Muslims. In Arabic, the word jihād is a noun meaning "struggle." Jihad appears frequently in the Qur'an and common usage as the idiomatic expression "striving in the way of Allah "...
al daf’a : Defensive jihad.
JilbābThe term jilbab or jilbaab is the plural of the word jilaabah which refers to any long and loose-fit coat or garment worn by some Muslim women. They believe that this definition of jilbab fulfills the Quranic demand for a Hijab...
(جلباب) : (pl.
jalabib) a long, flowing, baggy garment worn by some to fulfill the mandates of
sartorial hijabThis list of types of sartorial hijab indexes styles of clothing found in predominantly Muslim societies commonly associated with the word hijab...
. Some more conservative Muslims believe that jilbāb is incumbent upon
Muslim womenThe study of women in Islam deals with the attitudes and beliefs about the roles and responsibilities of women within the religion of Islam. The complex relationship between women and Islam is defined by both Islamic texts and the history and culture of the Muslim world...
to wear this as a sign of modesty. (See
abayaThe abaya "cloak" is an overgarment worn by some women in parts of the Islamic world. It is the traditional form of hijab, or Islamic dress, for many countries of the Arabian peninsula such as Saudi Arabia or United Arab Emirates, where it is the national dress...
.
burkaA burka is a dress made from felt or karakul . Karakul being quite expensive, burkas were usually sewn from felt treated to look like karakul...
,
chadorA chādor or chādar is an outer garment or open cloak worn by many Iranian women in public spaces; it is one possible way in which a Muslim woman may follow the Islamic dress code known as ħijāb. A chador is a full-length semicircle of fabric open down the front, which is thrown over the head and...
)
JinnIn Islam, a Djinn is a supernatural creature which occupies a parallel world to that of mankind, and together with humans and angels makes up the three sentient creations of Allah...
(جنّ) : An invisible being of fire
JizyaUnder Islamic law, jizya or jizyah is a per capita tax levied on a section of an Islamic state's non-Muslim citizens, who meet certain criteria...
(جزية): A tax specified in the Koran (9:29) to be paid by non-Muslim males living under Muslim political control.
Juhud : To deny. Jaahid (the denier). Disbelief out of rejection. When there comes to them that which they [should] have recognized, they refuse to believe in (kafaru) it. ( 2:89) Accordingly, juhud includes rejection (kufr at-taktheeb) and resistance (kufr al-‘inaad)
{{transl (جمعة) : Friday prayer
JunubJunub is an Islamic term meaning "ritually impure due to sexual intercourse or semen discharge". A person in such a state needs to take a ghusl in order to become ritually pure and be able to perform his salah. A person , cannot offer His/her daily salah . He/she cannot enter a mosque or perform...
: an unclean state of body as in breaking Wudu
Janabat : an unclean state of body caused by discharge of semen or sexual intercourse
Juz'A juz literally means "part." It is one of thirty parts of roughly equal length into which the Qur'an is sometimes divided. This division facilitates recitation of the Qur'an in a month, especially during Ramadan when the entire Qur'an is recited in the Tarawih salat; reciting approximately one...
(جزء) : one of thirty parts of the Qur'an
K
{{transl (الكعبة) : cube-house; the cube-shaped building i.e. in Mecca toward which Muslims pray.
KāfirKafir is an Arabic word meaning "rejecter" or "ingrate," also the term "Kuffar" the plural of the word "Kafir" is used to refer to peasants Surah 57 Al-Hadid Ayah 20; as they till earth and "cover up" seeds...
(كافر) : from the word kafara - "to hide." Those who deliberately hide the truth; unbelievers, truth-concealers; one who is ungrateful. Plural: Kāfirūn. Extreme care ought to be taken with this word, as it is was (and is) occasionally misused as an offensive term for black people by white South Africans.
Kalam (علم الكلم) : Literally, `words' or `speech,' and referring to oration. The name applied to the discipline of philosophy and theology concerned specifically with the nature of faith, determinism and freedom, and the nature of the divine attributes.
Khair: Every kind of good
KhalīfahThe Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah. It is a transliterated version of the Arabic word which means "successor" or "representative"...
(خليفة) : Caliph, more generally, one performing the duties of khilafa.
Khalilal-Malik al-Ashraf Salāh al-Dīn Khalil ibn Qalawūn ; . Was the eighth Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 1290 until his assassination in December, 1293. He is most famous for conquering the last of the Crusader states in Palestine.-Background:Al-Ashraf Khalil, the 8th Kipchak Turkic Sultan of Egypt was...
(خليل) : devoted friend
Khalq: Creation - the act of measuring; determining, estimating and calculating. Khalq is the noun form of the verb khalaqa (see bara, sawwara).
Al-khaliq: The Creator, Allah.
Khamar Khamar is a village in western central Yemen. It is located in the San‘a’ Governorate.-External links:*...
: Intoxicant: wine.
{{translKhatib or khateeb is an Arabic term used to describe a person who delivers the sermon , during the Friday prayer or Eid prayers....
(خاطب): the speaker at the Friday Muslim prayer, or Jumu'ah prayer.
Khatm: Complete recitation of the Qur'an.
KharājIn Islamic law, kharaj is a tax on agricultural land. Kharaj has no basis in the Qur'an or hadith, being rather the product of ijma, consensus of Islamic scholars, and urf, Islamic tradition....
(خراج) : a land tax.
Khayr : goodness. See birr (righteousness) See qist (equity) See 'adl (equilibrium and justice) See haqq (truth and right) See ma'ruf (known and approved) See taqwa (piety.)
Khilaaf : Controversy, dispute, discord.
Khilāfah (خلافة) : Man's
trusteeshipTrusteeship may refer to*Trust law *Trusteeship *United Nations Trusteeship...
and
stewardshipStewardship is personal responsibility for taking care of another person's property or financial affairs or in religious orders taking care of finances. Historically, stewardship was the responsibility given to household servants to bring food and drinks to a castle dining hall...
of
EarthEarth is the third planet from the Sun. It is the fifth largest of the eight planets in the solar system, and the largest of the terrestrial planets in the Solar System in terms of diameter, mass and density...
; Most basic theory of the
CaliphateThe term caliphate refers to the first form of government inspired by Islam. It was initially led by Muhammad's disciples as a continuation of the political authority the prophet established, known as the 'rashidun caliphates'. It represented the political unity of the Muslim Ummah, and was the...
; Flora and fauna as sacred trust; Accountability to; God for harms to nature, failure to actively care and maintain. Three specific ways in which khalifa is manifested in Muslim practice are the creation of
haramThe Arabic term has a meaning of "sanctuary" or "holy site" in Islam.-Etymology:The Arabic language has two separate words, and , both derived from the same triliteral Semitic root . Both of these words can mean "forbidden" and/or "sacred" in a general way, but each has also developed some...
to protect water,
himaA Ḥimá "inviolate zone" refers to an area set aside for the conservation of natural capital, typically fields, wildlife and forests - contrast ḥaram, which defines an area protected for more immediate human purposes....
to protect other species (including those useful to man), and by resisting infidel domination over
Muslim:A Muslim , , is an adherent of the religion of Islam. The feminine form is Muslimah . Literally, the word means "one who submits ". Muslim is the participle of the same verb of which Islam is the infinitive. Muslims believe that there is only one God, translated in Arabic as Allah...
lands, in
jihadJihad , an Islamic term, is a religious duty of Muslims. In Arabic, the word jihād is a noun meaning "struggle." Jihad appears frequently in the Qur'an and common usage as the idiomatic expression "striving in the way of Allah "...
.
Khalīfāt RashīdūnThe Rightly Guided Caliphs or The Righteous Caliphs is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the first four Caliphs who established the Rashidun Caliphate. The concept of "Rightly Guided Caliphs" originated with the Abbasid Dynasty...
: four first caliphs, believed by most Muslims to be most righteous rulers in history
Khimār (خمار) (pl. khumur) : headcovering (Q. 24:31).
KhitanKhitān or Khatna is the term for male circumcision carried out as an Islamic rite. It is also referred to by the term Taharah, 'purity'. Ritual circumcision is not mandated by the Qur'an, but serves to introduce males into the Islamic faith, and works as a sign of belonging to the wider Islamic...
(ختان) : Male circumcision.
Khuluq : ethics
Khushu' - humility, devotion, concentration (especially in prayer).
{{transl (خطبة): the sermon at Jumu'ah prayer.
Kibr - pride, arrogance
Kibar - old age
Kitāb (كتاب) : book; The Qur'an is often referred to as "Al-Kitāb" (
The Book).
KufrKUFR is a radio station broadcasting a Christian radio format. Licensed to Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, the station serves the Salt Lake City area. The station is currently owned by Family Stations, Inc....
(كفر) : In Arabic - ungratefulness and disbelief in God and denial of the truth.
Kufrul-hukmi: Disbelief from judgment.
Kufrul-'Inaad : Disbelief out of stubbornness
Kufrul-Inkaar : Disbelief out of arrogance and pride.
Kufrul-Istibdaal : Disbelief because of trying to substitute Allaah's Laws.
Kufrul-Istihaal : Disbelief out of trying to make HARAM into HALAL.
Kufrul-Istihzaha : Disbelief due to mockery and derision
Kufrul jahli: Disbelief from not being aware of or not understanding.
Kufrul-juhudi: Disbelief from obstinacy after being presented with truth.
Kufrul-Nifaaq : Disbelief out of hypocrisy.
Kufrul-I'raadh : Disbelief due to avoidance.
Kun (كن) : God's command to the universe, 'Be!' is sufficient to create it.
L
Lā ilāha ill-AllāhThe Shahada, also spelled shahadah, is the Islamic creed. The Shahada is the Muslim declaration of belief in the oneness of God and acceptance of Muhammad as his prophet. The declaration reads: laa ilāha illa Allāh, wa Muḥammad rasūl Allāh “There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of...
(لاإله إلا الله) : "There is no god other than Allah." The most important expression in Islam. It is part of the first pillar of Islam. Also is the message of all the Prophets, such as Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad.
Labbayk Allahuma : Allah, Here I am (said during hajj)
LaghwIn Islamic context, Laghw means "evil vain talk", vain, dirty, false, falsehood, nonsensical, meaningless and anything forbidden by Allah. It refers to anything which serves no purpose or goal in a proper Muslim life....
(لغو) : Dirty, false, evil vain talk
{{transl (لعنة) : Imploration for withdrawal of God's mercy
Laylat al-QadrFor the book by Spider Robinson see Night of Power Laylat al-Qadr , the Night of Power, the Night of Decree or Night of Measures, is the anniversary of two very important dates in Islam that occurred in the month of Ramadan. "Qadr" is Arabic for power / ability...
(ليلة القدر) : the Night of Power, towards the end of Ramadan, when Muhammad received the first revelation of the Qur'an.
M
Madh'hab (مذهب) : (pl.
Madhahib) school of religious jurisprudence, school of thought
Madrasah (مدرسة) : school, university
MaghribMaghrib is the first daily salat in Islam , offered at sunset. The word maghrib is an Arabic term for "of the setting "; from the root "gharaba|غَرَبَ", "to set"; "to be hidden"...
(مغرب): the fourth daily
salatṢalāt is the name given to the formal prayer of Islam. The prayer is one of the obligatory rites of the religion, to be performed five times a day by a practising Muslim...
prayer
MahdiAccording to the Shia and Sunni versions of the Islamic eschatology the Mahdi is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will stay on earth seven, nine, or nineteen years before the coming of the day, Yawm al-Qiyamah...
(مهدي) : "a guide". More specifically al-Mahdi (the guide) is a figure who will appear with Prophet Jesus before the end of time, when God allows it, to bring world peace, order and justice, after it has been overcome with injustice and aggression. The Sunnis regard someone else as the Mahdi.
Mahdur ad-damm : he whose blood must be wasted
MahramIn Islamic sharia legal terminology, a mahram is an unmarriageable kin with whom sexual intercourse would be considered incestuous, a punishable taboo...
(محرم) : a relative of the opposite gender usually described as being "within the forbidden limits"; a better description is "within the protected limits". means relatives who one can appear before without observing
hijabA hijab or ' , as commonly understood in the English-speaking world, is the type of head covering traditionally worn by Muslim women, but can also refer to modest Muslim styles of dress in general. The Arabic word literally means curtain or cover , based on the root حجب meaning "to cover, to veil,...
and who one cannot marry.
Makrūh : Means "detested", though not
haraamHaraam is an Arabic term meaning "forbidden". In Islam it is used to refer to anything that is prohibited by the faith...
(forbidden); something that is disliked or offensive. If a person commits the Makruh, he does not accumulate ithim but avoiding the Makhruh is rewarded with thawab.
{{transl (ملائكة) : angels (Sing. Malak). It was one of these mala'ika, Jibril (Gabriel) who delivered Allah's revelation to Muhammad.
Ma malakat aymanukumMa malakat aymanukum is a reference in the Qur'an to slaves.-Overview:The term itself is normally considered to refer to prisoners of war, or more broadly to slaves in general, according to the classic tafsirs...
(ما ملكت أيمانكم) : one's rightful spouse (literally: what your right hands possess)
Mandub : commendable or recommended. Failure to do it would not be a sin. (See
halalHalal is an Arabic term designating any object or an action which is permissible to use or engage in, according to Islamic law. It is the opposite of haraam. The term is widely used to designate food seen as permissible according to Islamic law...
mustahabbMustahabb is an Islamic term referring to recommended, favored or virtuous actions.-Definition:Mustahabb actions are those whose status of approval in Islamic law falls between mubah and wajib...
)
Mansukh : That which is abrogated. The doctrine of al-Nasikh wal-Mansukh (abrogation) of certain parts of the Qur'anic revelation by others. The principle is mentioned in the Qur'an (2:106) see naskh.
ManzilManzil is the word for one of seven parts of roughly equal length into which the Qur'an is divided for the purpose of reciting the entire text in one week.They are:
# Al-Fatihah through An-Nisa'
...
(منزل): one of seven equal parts of the Qur'an.
{{translMa'ruf is an Islamic term meaning that which is commonly:*known*understood*recognized*acknowledged*acceptedThe word is most often found in the Qur'anic exhortation, "Amr bil Ma'ruf wa Nahy an al Munkar ." This is often translated as "Command the good and forbid the evil," but this translation...
(معروف) : consensus of the community
{{translMaqasid is the Arabic word for goals or purposes. In Islamic context, it can refer to the purposes of Islamic faith, Zakat , pilgrimage or even of the Qur'an's and Sunnah's text....
(مقصد) : goals or purposes; such as the purposes of Islamic law
- Masaleh : public interests
Masha Allah is an Arabic phrase indicating appreciation for an aforementioned individual or event. Towards this, it is used as an expression of respect, while at the same time serving as a reminder that all accomplishments are so achieved by the will of God...
(ما شاء الله) : Allah has willed it.
{{translMasih is the Arabic word for Messiah. In modern Arabic it is used as one of the many titles of Isa , who is known to Christians as Jesus Christ...
(مسيح) : the (Biblical) Messiah, Jesus Christ.
Masjid (مسجد) pl. masājid, مساجد : place of prayer; mosque
Masjid al-HaramAl-Masjid al-Ḥarām , is the largest mosque in the world. Located in the city of Mecca, it surrounds the Kaaba, the place which Muslims turn towards while offering daily prayers and is considered the holiest place on Earth by Muslims...
: the area around the Kaaba.
MawaliMawali or mawala is a term in Classical Arabic used to address non-Arab Muslims.The term gained prominence in the centuries following the early Arab Muslim conquests in the 7th century, as many non-Arabs such as Persians, Egyptians, and Turks converted to Islam...
or mawala (موالي): Non-Arab Muslims
MawlāThe word Mawlā or patron has two meanings. Mawla is an Arabic word "مولی", prominently used in Islamic literature which means protector.“Call them by their fathers: that is juster in the sight of Allah. But if you know not their father'sthey are your Brothers in faith and those entrusted to you...
(pl. mawli) : protector or supporter.
MawlānāMaulana is an Arabic word literally meaning "our lord" or "our master" ....
(مولانا) : an Arabic word literally meaning "our lord" or "our master". It is used mostly as a title preceding the name of a respected religious leader, in particular graduates of religious institutions. The term is sometimes used to refer to Rumi.
MaulviMawlawi is an honorific Islamic religious title often, but not exclusively, given to Sunni Muslim religious scholars or Ulema preceding their names, similar to the titles Maulana, Mullah or Shaykh. Mawlawi generally means any religious cleric or teacher...
(مولوی) : an honorific Islamic religious title often, but not exclusively, given to Muslim religious scholars or Ulema preceding their names. Maulvi generally means any religious cleric or teacher.
MeccaMecca , sometimes spelled Makkah is the holiest meeting site of the Islamic religion. The city is modern, cosmopolitan and whilst being closed to non-Muslims is nonetheless ethnically diverse.Islamic tradition attributes the beginning of Mecca to Ishmael's descendants...
(مكّة
Makkah) : the holiest city in
IslamIslam Islam Islam ( al-’islām,
[There are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or , and whether the a is pronounced as in father, as in cat, or (when the stress is on the i) as in the a of sofa...]
MedinaMedina is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, and serves as the capital of the Al Madinah Province...
(مدينة
Madīnah) : "city"; Medinat-un-Nabi means "the City of the Prophet." See
Hijra (Islam)The Hijra is the migration of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers to the city of Medina in 622 . Alternate spellings of this Arabic word in the Latin alphabet are Hijrah, or Hegira in Latin.- Hijra of Muhammad :...
.
Mi‘ād (معاد): the Resurrection; God will resurrect all of humankind to be judged. Shi'as regard this as the fifth
Pillar of IslamThe Five Pillars of Islam is the term given to the five duties incumbent on every Muslim. These duties are Shahada , Salah , Zakah , Saum and Hajj .These five practices are essential to Sunni Islam; Shi'a Muslims subscribe to eight ritual practices which substantially...
.
MihrabA mihrab is a niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the qibla, that is, the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca and hence the direction that Muslims should face when praying...
(محراب) : a niche in the wall of all mosques, indicating the direction of prayer
Millah: In Arabic, millah means "religion," but it has only been used to refer to religions other than Islam, which is
dinDIN or Din or din can have several meanings:-* A din is a loud noise.* Dīn, an Arabic term meaning "religion" or "way of life".* Din is one of the ten aspects of the Ein Sof in Kabbalah ....
.
Millet: In an Islamic state, "Ahl al Kitab" may continue to practice their former religion in a semi-autonomous community termed the millet.
MinaretMinarets are distinctive architectural features of Islamic mosques. Minarets are generally tall spires with onion-shaped or conical crowns, usually either free standing or taller than any associated support structure.-Functions of minarets:The earliest mosques were built without minarets, the adhan...
(منارة) : a tower built onto a mosque from the top of which the call to prayer is made
MinbarA minbar is a pulpit in the mosque where the imam stands to deliver sermons or in the Hussainia where the speaker sits and lectures the congregation...
(منبر) : a raised pulpit in the mosque where the Imam stands to deliver sermons
Minhaj (منهج) : methodology, e.g. methods, rules, system, procedures.
MiqatMīqat are the stations at which pilgrims on the Hajj, the pilgrimage to Mecca required of all able Muslims, put on ihrām, the pilgrim's garment. Five of these stations were set up by Muhammad, a sixth being added later for the convenience of travellers from India and points further east...
(ميقات ) : intended place
Miraj (المعراج) : the Ascension to the Seven Heavens during the Night Journey
See also: isra
Mu'adhdhinA muezzin , or muzim, is a chosen person at the mosque who leads the call to Friday service and the five daily prayers from one of the mosque's minarets .The professional muezzin is chosen to serve at the mosque for his good character, voice...
(مأذن): a person who performs the call to prayer
{{translThe al-Mu'awwidhitayn , sometimes translated as "Verses of refuge", is an Arabic term referring to the last two suras of the Qur'an viz. al-Falaq and an-Nas which are two consecutive short prayers beginning with "Say: I seek refuge in the Lord..."...
(المعوذتين) : suras
Al-FalaqSura Al-Falaq is the 113th Surah of the Qur'an. It is a brief 5-verse invocation, asking Allah for protection from the evil of Satan...
and an-Nas, the "Surahs of refuge", should be said to relieve suffering (also protect from Black Magic)
{{transl'Mubah' is an Islamic Arabic term denoting an action as neither forbidden nor recommended, and so religiously neutral. This is one of the degrees of approval in Islamic law....
(مباح) : literally permissible; neither forbidden nor commended. Neutral. (See
halalHalal is an Arabic term designating any object or an action which is permissible to use or engage in, according to Islamic law. It is the opposite of haraam. The term is widely used to designate food seen as permissible according to Islamic law...
)
Mubaligh (مبلغ) : person who recites Qur'an
MuftīA mufti is an Islamic scholar who is an interpreter or expounder of Islamic law . A muftiat or diyanet is a council of muftis.-Qualifications:...
(مفتى) : an Islamic scholar who is an interpreter or expounder of Islamic law (Sharia), capable of issuing fataawa (plural of "fatwa").
Muhajabah (محجبة) : woman who wears
hijabA hijab or ' , as commonly understood in the English-speaking world, is the type of head covering traditionally worn by Muslim women, but can also refer to modest Muslim styles of dress in general. The Arabic word literally means curtain or cover , based on the root حجب meaning "to cover, to veil,...
(polite form of
hijabi).
Muhammadun rasulullah : "Muhammad is the messenger of God." This statement is the second part of the first pillar of Islam. This is the second most important statement in Islam.
Mufsidūn (مفسدون) : evil-doer a person who wages jihad (war) not in accordance with the Qur'an. Plural mufsideen.
Muhsin (محسن) : a person who performs good deed. Plural muhsineen. Opposite of Mufsidun.
MuhājirūnMuhajir or Mohajir is an Arabic word meaning emigrant. The Islamic calendar Hejira starts when Muhammad and his companions left Mecca for Medina in what is known as Hijra. They were called Muhajirun...
(مهاجرون) : The first Muslims that accompanied Muhammad when he traveled to
MedinaMedina is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, and serves as the capital of the Al Madinah Province...
.
Muhartiq : heretic.
Mujāhid (مجاهد) : a fighter for Islam. Plural mujahidīn.
Mujtahid (مجتهد) : a scholar who uses reason for the purpose of forming an opinion or making a ruling on a religious issue. Plural:
Mujtahidun.
MullahMullah/Mula/Molla is a Muslim man, educated in Islamic theology and sacred law. The title, given to some Islamic clergy, is derived from the Arabic word mawla, meaning "vicar", "master" and "guardian"...
(ملا) : are Islamic clergy. Ideally, they should have studied the Qur'an, Islamic traditions (hadith), and Islamic law (fiqh).
Mū’minMu'min is an Arabic Islamic term frequently referenced in the Qur'an, meaning "believer", and denoting a Muslim that has complete submission to the will of Allah, and has faith firmly established in his heart.In the Qur'an it is stated:...
(مؤمن) : A Muslim who observes the commandments of the Qur'an.
MunafiqMunāfiq is an Islamic Arabic term used to describe a religious hypocrite, who outwardly practices Islam, while inwardly concealing his disbelief , perhaps even unknowingly....
(منفق) : hypocrite. Plural:
Munafiqun
Muntaqabah (منتقبة) pl. muntaqabāt (منتقبات) : woman who wears
niqabA niqāb is a veil which covers the face, worn by some Muslim women as a part of sartorial hijāb.Niqab is most common in the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf such as Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, and the UAE....
MurabahaMurabaha is defined as a particular kind of sale, compliant with shariah, where the seller expressly mentions the cost he has incurred on the commodities to be sold and sells it to another person by adding some profit or mark-up thereon which is known to the buyer...
: a type of sharia-compliant mortgage (see
IjaraIjara is a town in the North Eastern Province of Kenya. It is capital of the Ijara District. Ijara is a very remote town; it is located 100 km north of Lamu and 180 km south of Garissa....
)
MurshidMurshid is Arabic for "guide" or "teacher". Particularly in Sufism it refers to a Sufi teacher. The path of Sufism starts when a student takes an oath of allegiance with a teacher...
(مرشد) : a Sufi teacher
MurtaddApostasy in Islam is commonly defined as the rejection in word or deed of their former religion by a person who was previously a follower of Islam....
(مرتد) female apostate is Murtadah: apostate (see irtidad see mahdur ad-damm.)
MushafA muṣḥaf is a codex or collection of sheets . The Qur’an, which Muslims believe to have been revealed at various times and in various ways during the 23-year period at the end of Muhammad's life, was collected into a codex under the third Caliph, ‘Uthmān ibn ‘Affān..The Islamic term al-Qur’ān...
: a copy, codex or redaction of the Qur'an.
Mushrik (pl. mushrikoon): One who associates others in worship with God; a polytheist.
Muslim:A Muslim , , is an adherent of the religion of Islam. The feminine form is Muslimah . Literally, the word means "one who submits ". Muslim is the participle of the same verb of which Islam is the infinitive. Muslims believe that there is only one God, translated in Arabic as Allah...
(مسلم) : a follower of the religion of Islam. One who submits their will to Allah (God)
{{translMustahabb is an Islamic term referring to recommended, favored or virtuous actions.-Definition:Mustahabb actions are those whose status of approval in Islamic law falls between mubah and wajib...
(مستحبّ) : commendable or recommended. (See
halalHalal is an Arabic term designating any object or an action which is permissible to use or engage in, according to Islamic law. It is the opposite of haraam. The term is widely used to designate food seen as permissible according to Islamic law...
, mandub)
Mut‘ah (متعه) : literally joy; a type of temporary marriage practiced only by the Shī‘ah; or a practice between ‘Umrah and Ḥajj.
Muta'sibūn : fanatics
MutaweenThe Mutaween means "subjugated people" in Arabic is commonly used as a casual term for the government-authorized or -recognized religious police of Saudi Arabia...
(مطوعين) Singular = mutawa: Religious police.
Mutawātir (متواتر) : "agreed upon"--used to describe hadith that were narrated by many witnesses through different narration chains (isnads) leading back to Muhammad
N
Nabī (نبي) : literally, prophet. In the Islamic context, a Nabi is a man sent by God to give guidance to man, but not given scripture. The Prophet Abraham was a Nabi. This is in contrast to Rasul, or Messenger. Plural: Anbiya. See:
RasulIn Islam, a Messenger is a prophet sent by Allah with a shariah "Divine Law" ....
.
NafsNafs is an Arabic word meaning self or psyche. It is first among the six Lataif or Lataif-e-sitta.In Sufi teachings, it means more of false ego. When Sufis talk about opposing Nafs, they mean Nafs Ammara that is explained later...
(النفس) : soul, one's self
Nafila : An optional, supererogatory practice of worship, in contrast to farida
Najāsah : Impurity
Najasat, Najis : an unclean thing
Naji: impure
Nakir and MunkarMunkar and Nakir, in Islamic eschatology, are angels who test the faith of the dead in their graves.According to the Islam religion, after death, a person's soul passes through a stage called barzakh, where it exists in the grave...
(نكير و منكر) : two malaikah who test the faith of the dead in their graves
Naqîra (نقيرا) : speck on the back of a date stone
NasīhaNaseeha is the Arabic word for advice. It can also mean recommendation . Seeking naseeha is mostly looked upon positively, as an act of devotion rather than a lack of it or of knowledge. Though one might be rebuked or scolded during the process, it will most likely be for the advisor to impress the...
: advice
NaskhNaskh has the following meanings:* Naskh is a type of script for the Arabic language* Naskh is an exegetical theory in Islamic law...
(نسخ) : The doctrine of al-Nasikh wal-Mansukh (abrogation) of certain parts of the Qur'anic revelation by others. The principle is mentioned in the Qur'an (2:106) see mansukh.
NassNass is an arabic word meaning "a known, or clear, legal injunction". In Twelver Shi`ah Islam, nass is used to reference the nomination of a Prophet or Imam by a previous Prophet or Imam....
(نصّ) : a known, clear legal injunction
Nifas: the bleeding after childbirth (see Haid)
Nifaq : falsehood; dishonesty
Niyyat-Intention:Niyyat is a commonly used Arabic word in the Muslim world meaning "Intention". That the importance of "intention" is paramount in Islamic observances is clear from the very first Hadith of the compilation "Sahih Bukhari" which states that "definitely all actions are on...
: intention
NiqābA niqāb is a veil which covers the face, worn by some Muslim women as a part of sartorial hijāb.Niqab is most common in the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf such as Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, and the UAE....
(نقاب) :
veilA veil is an article of clothing, worn almost exclusively by women, that is intended to cover some part of the head or face. One view is that as a religious item, it is intended to show honor to an object or space.-History:...
covering the face
NubuwwahIn Islam, Nubuwwah means "Prophethood" and denotes that God has appointed perfect Prophets and Messengers to teach mankind Gods religion. Nubuwwah is among the five Shi'a Roots of Religion....
(نبوّة) : prophethood. Shi'as regard this as the third
Pillar of IslamThe Five Pillars of Islam is the term given to the five duties incumbent on every Muslim. These duties are Shahada , Salah , Zakah , Saum and Hajj .These five practices are essential to Sunni Islam; Shi'a Muslims subscribe to eight ritual practices which substantially...
.
Nukra: a great munkar - prohibited, evil, dreadful thing.
Nūr-Noor:*The Arabic term for light *An-Noor , the 24th sura of the Qur'an*Noor Photo Agency*Queen Noor of Jordan*Noor, Iran, a city in northern Iran and capital of the Noor county.*Noor County, a county in Mazandaran Province in Iran....
(نور) : light. Muslims believe angels were created from light and jinn from fire.
P
P.B.U.H.Peace be upon him is a phrase that practising Muslims often say after saying the name of a prophet of Islam. There are two variants of this phrase in Arabic:...
: an ancronym which stands for "peace be unto him" a blessing which is affixed to
MuhammadMuhammad ibn ‘Abdullāh , is the founder of the religion of Islam [ إِسْلامْ ] and is regarded by Muslims as a messenger and prophet of , the last and the greatest law-bearer in a series of Islamic prophets as taught by the...
's name whenever it is written. In some circles and English writings, Sufis regard PBUH to signify "Peace and Blessings Upon Him" (the
RasulIn Islam, a Messenger is a prophet sent by Allah with a shariah "Divine Law" ....
or Messenger of Allah). These are the the primary English explications of the P.B.U.H. acronym. The Arabic version is S.A.W. ;
ProphetIn religion, a prophet is a person who has been contacted by, or has encountered, the supernatural or the divine, and serves as an intermediary with humanity, delivering this newfound knowledge from the supernatural entity to other humans...
: A person who has had messages from
AllahAllah is the standard Arabic word for God. While the term is best known in the West for its use by Muslims as a reference to God, it is used by Arabic-speakers of all Abrahamic faiths, including Christians and Jews, in reference to "God"...
. (see
nabiNabi may refer to:* Prophets of Islam, non-divine humans who, in the Islamic faith, have been chosen as prophets by God* Butterfly in the Korean language** Nabi , a 2001 South Korean film** The Korean language title of Mr...
).
Q
Qadhf : false
imputationThe principle of imputation or attribution underpins the legal concept that ignorance of the law is no excuse . All laws are published and available for study in all developed states...
of
unchastityChastity is sexual behavior of a man or woman acceptable to the ethical norms and guidelines of a culture, civilization, or religion.In the western world, the term has become closely associated with sexual abstinence, especially before marriage...
specifically punished by
shariaSharia is an Arabic word meaning ‘way’ or ‘path’. In Arabic, the collocation ‘Šarīʿat Allāh’ is traditionally used not only by Muslims, but also Christians and Jews, sometimes translating expressions such as Torat Elōhīm [תורת אלוהים] or ‘ho nómos toû theoû' '’...
.
Qadar : predestination.
QādīQadi is a judge ruling in accordance with the sharia, Islamic religious law. Because Islam makes no distinction between religious and secular domains, qadis traditionally have jurisdiction over all legal matters involving Muslims...
(قاضي) :
judgeA judge, or arbiter of justice, is a lead official who presides over a court of law, either alone or as part of a panel of judges. The powers, functions, method of appointment, discipline, and training of judges vary widely across different jurisdictions. The judge is like an umpire in a game and...
of Islamic Law
Qatlu nafsi-hi: suicide is forbidden in Islam
Qiblah : the direction Muslims face during prayer
Qitaal fee sybil Allah ( وقاتلوا في سبيل الله ) : fight in the cause of Allah, a Qur'anic commandment.
QiyāmahIn Islam, Yawm al-Qiyāmah "the Day of Resurrection" or Yawm ad-Din "the Day of Judgement" is God's final assessment of humanity. al-Qiyāmah is also the name of the 75th surah of the Qur'an....
: resurrection; return of the dead for the Day of Judgment
{{translQisas is an Islamic term meaning retaliation, similar to the biblical principle of an eye for an eye. In the case of murder, it means the right of the heirs of a murder victim to demand execution of the murderer....
(قصاص) : equitable retribution - a fine for murder if the heirs forgive the perpetrator. (See hudud, tazeer)
Qiyam : to stand, a position of salah prayer
QiyāsIn Sunni Islamic jurisprudence,the qiyas is the process of analogical reasoning in which the teachings of the Quran are compared and contrasted with those of the Hadith, i.e., in order to make an analogy with a known injunction to a new injunction...
(القياس) : analogy - foundation of legal reasoning and thus
fiqhFiqh is Islamic jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the Sharia Islamic law—based directly on the Quran and Sunnah—that complements Shariah with evolving rulings/interpretations of Islamic jurists....
Qudsī : classification of a hadith that are believed to be narrated by Muhammad from God.
Qurbat : closeness to God. Term is associated with Sufism.
Qur’ānThe Qur’an is the central religious text of Islam...
(القرآن) : Muslims believe the Qur'an (Koran) to be the literal word of God and the culmination of God's revelation to mankind, revealed to prophet
MuhammadMuhammad ibn ‘Abdullāh , is the founder of the religion of Islam [ إِسْلامْ ] and is regarded by Muslims as a messenger and prophet of , the last and the greatest law-bearer in a series of Islamic prophets as taught by the...
in the year AD 610.
R
RabbRabb is an Arabic word meaning Lord, Sustainer, Cherisher, Master, which in Islamic context refers to Allah. In the Qur'an, rabb is one of the usual names of God....
(ربّ): Lord, Sustainer, Cherisher, Master.
Radiyallahu anha: May Allah be pleased with her.
Radiyallahu anhu: May Allah be pleased with him.
Radiyallahu anhuma: May Allah be pleased with them.
Radiyallahu anhum: May Allah be pleased with them.
RahmanRahman is the Arabic word for merciful. In Islamic context, Ar-Rahman has been interpreted as meaning most merciful, all-merciful, merciful by his very nature, beneficient, mercy giving and refers to Allah.- External links :**...
(رحمن): Merciful; Ar-Rahman (الرحمن) means "The Most Merciful"
RahimRahim may refer to:*Esther Rahim, a Pakistani painter.*Radio Raheem, a character in the film Do The Right Thing*Ar-Rahim, one of the 99 names of God* Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana, an Indian Sufi poet* Shaaban Abdel Rahim, an Egyptian singer...
(رحيم): compassionate; Ar-Rahim (الرحيم) means "The Most Compassionate" as in the
BasmalaBasmala is an Arabic language noun which is used as the collective name of the whole of the recurring Islamic phrase bismi-llāhi ar-raḥmāni ar-raḥīmi. This phrase constitutes the first verse of every "sura" of the Qur'an , and is used in a number of contexts by Muslims...
RajmRajm is an Arabic word that means to stone. It is commonly used to refer to the traditional Islamic Hudud punishment capital punishment whereby an organized group throws stones at the convicted individual until that person dies...
: the practice of stoning
Raka'ahPrescribed movements and words followed by Muslims during salat .After turning to God in mind and ritual cleansing , the worshipper will stand quietly while reciting the first verses of the Koran . The second part of the rak'ah involves bowing low with hands on knees, as if waiting for God's...
: one unit of Islamic prayer, or
SalatṢalāt is the name given to the formal prayer of Islam. The prayer is one of the obligatory rites of the religion, to be performed five times a day by a practising Muslim...
. Each daily prayer is made up of a different number of raka'ah.
Ramadhan : month of fasting when the Qur'an was first revealed
RashidunThe Rightly Guided Caliphs or The Righteous Caliphs is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the first four Caliphs who established the Rashidun Caliphate. The concept of "Rightly Guided Caliphs" originated with the Abbasid Dynasty...
: Sunnis consider the first four caliphs as the "orthodox" or "rightly guided" caliphs. They were Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthman and 'Ali.
RasulIn Islam, a Messenger is a prophet sent by Allah with a shariah "Divine Law" ....
(رسول): messenger; Unlike prophets (
NabiNabi may refer to:* Prophets of Islam, non-divine humans who, in the Islamic faith, have been chosen as prophets by God* Butterfly in the Korean language** Nabi , a 2001 South Korean film** The Korean language title of Mr...
), messengers are given scripture. Moses, David, Jesus and Mohammed are considered messengers. All messengers are considered prophets, but not all prophets are given scripture. See:
NabiNabi may refer to:* Prophets of Islam, non-divine humans who, in the Islamic faith, have been chosen as prophets by God* Butterfly in the Korean language** Nabi , a 2001 South Korean film** The Korean language title of Mr...
.
RibaRiba means usury and is generally forbidden in Islamic economic jurisprudence fiqh.There are two types of riba discussed by Islamic jurists, that prohibited by the Quran and that prohibited in the Sunnah .-Background:Riba was forbidden in the Medinan society of...
(ربا) :
interestInterest is a fee paid on borrowed assets. It is the price paid for the use of borrowed money, or, money earned by deposited funds. Assets that are sometimes lent with interest include money, shares, consumer goods through hire purchase, major assets such as aircraft, and even entire factories in...
, the charging and paying of which is forbidden by the
Qur'anThe Qur’an is the central religious text of Islam...
Ribat : Guarding Muslims from infidels
Riddah (ارتداد): apostasy, in which a person abandons Islam for another faith or no faith at all.
Risalah : literally, message or letter. Used both in common parlance for mail correspondences, and in religious context as divine message.
RuhRuh is an Arabic word meaning spirit. It is the third among the six purities or Lataif-e-sitta-Thirteen stages of taming ruh:To attend Tajalliy-e-Ruh, the Salik needs to achieve the following thirteen.#Iradah or Commitment with God...
(روح): spirit; the divine breath which God blew into the clay of Adam.
Rukn plural arkan : means what is inevitable. One of the five pillars of Islam. (See
fardFard also farida is an Islamic term which denotes a religious duty. The word is also used in Persian, Turkish, and Urdu in the same meaning....
, wajib)
Ruk'u : the bowing performed during salat.
S
{{translSabr is the Islamic virtue of "patience" or "endurance". Sabr is characterized as being one of the two parts of faith . Its practice is endorsed in both the Qur'an and the sunnah...
: patience, endurance, self-restraint
SadaqahSadaqah is an Islamic term that means "voluntary charity". Prescribed charity collected or received for public welfare is known as Zakat....
(صدقة): charity; voluntary alms above the amount for
zakatZakāh or "alms giving", one of the Five Pillars of Islam, is the giving of a small percentage of one's possessions to charity generally to poor and needy Muslims individual...
.
Sahabah (الصحابه) (sing.
Sahābi): companions of
MuhammadMuhammad ibn ‘Abdullāh , is the founder of the religion of Islam [ إِسْلامْ ] and is regarded by Muslims as a messenger and prophet of , the last and the greatest law-bearer in a series of Islamic prophets as taught by the...
. A list of the best-known Companions can be found at
List of companions of MuhammadThis is a list of notable Salaf, Muslims in the first three generations of proponents of the religion.-Second generation:* Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd-Allah* Abu Hanifa* Abu Muslim Al-Khawlani* Abu Suhail an-Nafi' ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman...
.
Sahih : "Sound in isnad." A technical attribute applied to the "isnad" of a hadith.
SakinaSakina is an Arabic word derived from "Sakoon", meaning "peace" or "tranquility". It appears in the Qur'an.-Usage in the Qur'an:Sakina is the Spirit of Tranquility, or Peace of Reassurance...
: divine "tranquility" or "peace" which descends upon a person when the
Qur'anThe Qur’an is the central religious text of Islam...
is recited.
SalafThis is a list of notable Salaf, Muslims in the first three generations of proponents of the religion.-Second generation:* Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd-Allah* Abu Hanifa* Abu Muslim Al-Khawlani* Abu Suhail an-Nafi' ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman...
(السلف الصالح) : (righteous) predecessors/ancestors. In Islam, Salaf is generally used to refer to the first three generations of Muslims.
{{transl (صلاة) sala(t): any one of the daily five obligatory prayers. Sunnis regard this as the second
Pillar of IslamThe Five Pillars of Islam is the term given to the five duties incumbent on every Muslim. These duties are Shahada , Salah , Zakah , Saum and Hajj .These five practices are essential to Sunni Islam; Shi'a Muslims subscribe to eight ritual practices which substantially...
Salaat al-Istikharah: Prayer for guidance is done in conjunction with two rakaahs of supererogatory prayer.
SalāmSalām may refer to:*the Arabic for "peace", see S-L-M** As-Salam is one of the 99 names of God in the Qur'an*Salam, way to say hello in many Muslim countries-As a given name:*Abdus Salam...
(سلام) : peace (see sulh)
Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم) : "May Allah bless him and grant him peace." The expression should be used after stating Prophet Muhammad's name. See abbreviation: S.A.W.
or S.A.W.S.
also P.B.U.H.
Samad' is an Arabic word interpreted as eternal, absolute. In Islamic context, Aṣ-Ṣamad is one of the 99 names of God.Samad is also a male given name.- External links :*...
: eternal, absolute; Muslims believe Allah is "The Eternal."
SalsabilSalsabil is an Islamic Arabic term referring to a river in paradise . The sole Qur'anic reference is in sura Al-Insan."And there they will be given a cup whose mixture is of Zanjabil...
: a river in heaven (al-firdaus)
SawaSawa may refer to:*The Sawa Defence Training Centre of Eritrea*The Sawa peoples of Cameroon*Devon Sawa, Canadian actor*Homare Sawa, Japanese soccer player*Józef Sawa-Caliński, Cossack, commander in Confederation of Bar*Sawa, Nepal...
: awakening, revival
S.A.W. (or S.A.W.S.) : Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم). See P.B.U.H.
{{translSawm is an Arabic word for fasting regulated by Islamic jurisprudence. In the terminology of Islamic law, Sawm means "to abstain from eating, drinking and sexual intercourse". The observance of sawm during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, but is not confined...
(صَوم) : fasting during the month of Ramadhan. The word
sawm is derived from
SyriacSyriac is a dialect of Middle Aramaic that was once spoken across much of the Fertile Crescent. Classical Syriac became a major literary language throughout the Middle East from the 4th to the 8th centuries...
sawmo.
SayyidSayyid literally means Mister. In the Arab world itself, the word is the equivalent of Engl. "Mister", as in Sayyid John Smith...
(سيّد) : master or a descendant of a relative of Muhammad, usually a title given to a descendant who comes from Hussayn.
Sema : refer to some of the ceremonies used by various
sufiSufism or ' , also spelled as tasavvuf and tasavvof, is generally understood to be the inner, mystical dimension of Islam. A practitioner of this tradition is generally known as a ' , though some adherents of the tradition reserve this term only for those practitioners who have attained the goals...
orders
ShahādahThe Shahada, also spelled shahadah, is the Islamic creed. The Shahada is the Muslim declaration of belief in the oneness of God and acceptance of Muhammad as his prophet. The declaration reads: laa ilāha illa Allāh, wa Muḥammad rasūl Allāh “There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of...
(الشهادة) : The testimony of faith:
La ilaha illa Allah. Muhammadun rasulullah. ("There is no god but Allah. Muhammad is the messenger of Allah."). Sunnis regard this as the first
Pillar of IslamThe Five Pillars of Islam is the term given to the five duties incumbent on every Muslim. These duties are Shahada , Salah , Zakah , Saum and Hajj .These five practices are essential to Sunni Islam; Shi'a Muslims subscribe to eight ritual practices which substantially...
. Also may be used as a synonym for the term
Istish'hād'Shahid' is an Arabic word meaning "witness". It is a religious term in Islam, meaning "witness", as stated, but most often "martyr." It is used as a title for Muslims who have died fulfilling a religious commandment, or waging war for Islam.-General use:The shahid is considered one whose place...
meaning martyrdom.
Shahīd'Shahid' is an Arabic word meaning "witness". It is a religious term in Islam, meaning "witness", as stated, but most often "martyr." It is used as a title for Muslims who have died fulfilling a religious commandment, or waging war for Islam.-General use:The shahid is considered one whose place...
(شهيد) pl. shuhada: witness, martyr. Usually refers to a person killed whilst fighting in
"jihad fee sybil Allah" (jihad for the sake of Allah). Often used in modern times for deaths in a political cause (including victims of soldiers, deaths in battle, et cetera) which are viewed by some Muslims as a spiritual cause not just a political cause. But the real meaning of Jihad is to defend Islam in any way; thus, it could be in an economic way or could refer to fighting for the rights of the oppressed or the believers; most often it refers to mastering one's own inclination for evil and shirk.
Shaykh (شيخ) : a spiritual master, Muslim clergy
{{translSharia is an Arabic word meaning ‘way’ or ‘path’. In Arabic, the collocation ‘Šarīʿat Allāh’ is traditionally used not only by Muslims, but also Christians and Jews, sometimes translating expressions such as Torat Elōhīm [תורת אלוהים] or ‘ho nómos toû theoû' '’...
(الشريعة) : "the path to a watering hole"; the eternal
ethical codeIn the context of a code that is adopted by a profession or by a governmental or quasi-governmental organ to regulate that profession, an ethical code may be styled as a code of professional responsibility, which may dispense with difficult issues of what behavior is "ethical".Some codes of ethics...
and moral code based on the
Qur'anThe Qur’an is the central religious text of Islam...
and
SunnahSunnah is an Arabic word that means habit or usual practice. The Muslim usage of this term refers to the sayings and living habits of Muhammad, the main prophet of Islam....
; basis of
fiqhFiqh is Islamic jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the Sharia Islamic law—based directly on the Quran and Sunnah—that complements Shariah with evolving rulings/interpretations of Islamic jurists....
SharīfSharīf is a traditional Arab tribal title given to those who serve as the protector of the tribe and all tribal assets, such as property, wells, and land. The feminine form is sharifa....
(شريف) : a title bestowed upon the descendants of Muhammad through Hasan, son of his daughter Fatima Zahra and son-in-law Ali ibn Abi Talib
Shaytan (شيطان) : Satan, the Devil; also known as Iblis
{{transl (الشيعة) : Branch of Islam that encourages independent and modern interpretation of scripture
Shirk (شرك) : idolatry; polytheism; the sin of believing in any divinity except God and of associating other gods with God.
ShūrāShura is an Arabic word for "consultation". It is believed to be the method by which pre-Islamic Arabian tribes selected leaders and made major decisions....
(شورى) : consultation
-
- Majlis ash-shūrā (مجلس الشورى) : advisory council in a Caliphate
Sidrat al-MuntahaSidrat al-Muntahā is a lotus tree that marks the end of the seventh heaven, the boundary where no creation can pass, according to Islamic beliefs...
(سدرة المنتهى ): a lotus tree that marks the end of the seventh heaven, the boundary where no creation can pass.
SiraSīrah Rasūl Allāh or Sīrat Nabawiyya is the Arabic term used for the various traditional Muslim biographies of Muhammad, from which most historical information about his life and the early period of Islam is derived...
h (السيرة) : life or biography of the Prophet
MuhammadMuhammad ibn ‘Abdullāh , is the founder of the religion of Islam [ إِسْلامْ ] and is regarded by Muslims as a messenger and prophet of , the last and the greatest law-bearer in a series of Islamic prophets as taught by the...
; his
moral exampleMoral example is trust in the moral core of another, a role model, without the obvious mediation of any theory or language. It was cited by Confucius, Muhammad, Mohandas Gandhi and other important philosophers and theologians as the prime duty of a ruler - including the head of a family or the...
- with
hadithHadith are oral traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Hadith are regarded by traditional schools of jurisprudence as important tools for determining the Muslim way of life, the sunnah. Hadith were originally oral traditions of Muhammad's actions and customs...
this comprises the
sunnahSunnah is an Arabic word that means habit or usual practice. The Muslim usage of this term refers to the sayings and living habits of Muhammad, the main prophet of Islam....
Sirat al-MustaqimSirat al-Mustaqim is the Arabic term for the straight path. In an Islamic context, it has been interpreted as the right path, Islamic faith or that which pleases God. It can also refer to the Sirat al-Jahim, the bridge of hell.There are five obligatory daily prayers in Islam...
: the Straight Path
Subah Sadiq : true dawn
Subhanahu wa ta'alaSubhanahu wa-ta'ala is an Islamic Arabic phrase meaning, "glorious and exalted is He ." The phrase appears after the name of Allah in Islamic texts such as the Qur'an and the Hadith. Saying this phrase is seen as an act of reverence and devotion towards Allah among Muslims."Muslims believe that...
(abbreviated S.W.T.) : expression used following written name or vocalization of
Allah in Arabic meaning highly praised and glorified is He.
Subhan'allahSubhan'Allah is an Arabic phrase often translated as "Glorious is Allah."Said Mohammed bin AbeeBakr Abdulqader al-Razee, in his book "Mukhtar al-Sihah" one of the classic Arabic-wordbooks:...
: expression used by Muslims to express strong feelings of joy or relief.
{{transl (صوفي) : a Muslim mystic; See: Sufism (
tasawwufSufism or ' , also spelled as tasavvuf and tasavvof, is generally understood to be the inner, mystical dimension of Islam. A practitioner of this tradition is generally known as a ' , though some adherents of the tradition reserve this term only for those practitioners who have attained the goals...
).
SuhūrSuhoor , also called Sehri, Sahari and Sahur in other languages, is an Islamic term referring to the meal consumed early in the morning by Muslims before fasting, sawm, in daylight hours during the Islamic month of Ramadan. The meal is eaten before the fajr or dawn...
: the meal eaten by fasting Muslims just before dawn.
SujudSajdah or sujūd is an Arabic word meaning prostration to God in the direction of the Kaaba at Makkah which is usually done during the daily prayers . While in sujud, a Muslim is to praise Allah and glorify him...
: kneeling down, a position of
salatṢalāt is the name given to the formal prayer of Islam. The prayer is one of the obligatory rites of the religion, to be performed five times a day by a practising Muslim...
.
SukukSukuk is the Arabic name for a financial certificate but can be seen as an Islamic equivalent of bond. However, fixed income, interest bearing bonds are not permissible in Islam, hence Sukuk are securities that comply with the Islamic law and its investment principles, which prohibits the...
: bond that generates revenue from sales, profits, or leases rather than interest.
SulhSulh is an Arabic word which mean "peace".It is derived from the same root as Arabic word musalaha meaning reconciliation. - Historical use in Islam :...
(صلح) : is derived from the Arabic word
musalaha it is a tool at the disposal of an Islamic commander to be offered to the enemy as a respite from military
JihadJihad , an Islamic term, is a religious duty of Muslims. In Arabic, the word jihād is a noun meaning "struggle." Jihad appears frequently in the Qur'an and common usage as the idiomatic expression "striving in the way of Allah "...
. (see hudna)
SunnahSunnah is an Arabic word that means habit or usual practice. The Muslim usage of this term refers to the sayings and living habits of Muhammad, the main prophet of Islam....
(السنّة) or
sunnah al-NabiSunnah is an Arabic word that means habit or usual practice. The Muslim usage of this term refers to the sayings and living habits of Muhammad, the main prophet of Islam....
(سنّة النبي) : the "path" or "example" of the Prophet Muhammad, i.e., what the Prophet did or said or agreed to during his life. He is considered by Muslims to be the best human moral example, the best man to follow.
Sunnat : an act which the Prophet performed; not required but carries much reward
Sunni (سنّي) : the largest denomination of Islam. The word Sunni comes from the word Sunnah (Arabic: سنة), which means the words and actions or example of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad.
Sūrah (سورة) : chapter; the
Qur'anThe Qur’an is the central religious text of Islam...
is composed of 114 suras
T
Taba'īn (تابعون|تابعين): followers of the Sahabah
TafsīrTafsir is the Arabic word for exegesis or commentary, usually of the Qur'an. It does not include esoteric or mystical interpretations, which are covered by the related word Ta'wīl...
(تفسير):
exegesisExegesis is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text.Biblical exegesis is a critical explanation or interpretation of the Bible. The goal of Biblical exegesis is to find the meaning of the text which then leads to discovering its significance or relevance.Traditionally the term exegesis...
, particularly such commentary on the Qur'an
TaghutIn an Islamic context, the Arabic word taghut refers to idolatry, considered impurity. This can be anything worshipped other than the one true God , such as deities of other religions, people claiming themselves to be holy outside of Islam's definition, or the worshipping of ideas or ideologies...
(طاغوت) (taghout): originally Aramaic, meaning "false god"; also tyranny.
TahajjudTahajjud , also known as the "night prayer" is a voluntary prayer, performed by followers of Islam. It is not one of the five obligatory prayers required of all Muslims, yet still, Islamic prophet, Muhammad is recorded as performing it many times and encouraging his companions to offer it for its...
(تهجُّد): optional (supererogatory), late-night (pre-dawn) prayer
Taharah (طهارة): purification from ritual impurities by means of
wuduWudu is the Islamic act of washing parts of the body using water. Muslims are required to be clean in preparation for ritual prayers. The Quran says "For Allah loves those who turn to Him constantly and He loves those who keep themselves pure and clean."...
or
ghuslGhusl is an Arabic term referring to the full ablution required in Islam for various rituals and prayers. The ablution becomes mandatory for any adult Muslim after having sexual intercourse, any sexual discharge , completion of the menstrual cycle, giving birth, and death by natural causes.Islam...
TahirIn Islamic context, Tahir refers to purity and cleanliness in accordance with religious rituals. It is also a name in several Islamic cultures.- People named Tahir:*Mirza Tahir Ahmad*Tahir Khan*Tahir Siddique Shaik*Tahir-ul-Qadri...
(طاهر): pure, ritually clean
Tahlil : Uttering the formula of faith: "La ilaha illa Allah", i.e. (No god but Allah)
Tahnik'Tahnik' is an Islamic ceremony of touching the lips of a new born baby with honey, sweet juice or pressed dates. During the times of the prophet Muhammad Muslims would bring their new born babies to them and he would perform Tahnik upon them. The ceremony is performed by the child's mother or...
: 'Tahnik' is an Islamic ceremony of touching the lips of a new born baby with honey, sweet juice or pressed dates.
{{translTaḥrīf is an Arabic term used by Muslims with regard to irrepairable alterations Islamic tradition supposes Jews and Christians to have made to Biblical manuscripts, specifically those that make up the Tawrat , Zabur and Injil.Traditional Muslim scholars, based on Qur'anic and other traditions,...
(تحريف): corruption, forgery. Muslims believe the Bible Scriptures were corrupted but the Qur'an is in its original form.
TajdīdTajdid is the Arabic word for renewal. In Islamic context, Tajdid refers to the revival of Islam, in order to purify and reform society, to move it toward greater equity and justice. Compare: Islah- External links:*Al-Tajdeed Al-Islami Organization...
(تجديد): to purify and reform society in order to move it toward greater equity and justice, literally meaning to make new in present tense
Tajdif (تجديف): blasphemy
TajwīdTajwīd is an Arabic word for elocution, meaning proper pronunciation during recitation, as well as recitation at a moderate speed. It is a set of rules which govern how the Qur'an should be read. It is derived from the triliteral root j-w-d, meaning to make well, make better, or improve. It is...
(تجويد): a special manner of reciting the Qur'an according to prescribed rules of pronunciation and intonation.
TakafulTakaful is an Islamic insurance concept which is grounded in Islamic muamalat , observing the rules and regulations of Islamic law. This concept has been practised in various forms for over 1400 years...
( التكتاقل): Based on sharia Islamic law, it is a form of mutual insurance. See retakaful.
TakbīrThe takbīr or takbeer is the Arabic name for the phrase ', . Usually translated "God is great" or "God is [the] greatest," it is a common Arabic expression and is used as both an informal expression of faith and as a formal declaration....
(تكبير): a proclamation of the greatness of Allah; a Muslim invocation.
TakfirIn Islamic law, takfir or takfeer refers to apostasy in Islam, or the practice of declaring oneself an unbeliever or kafir , previously considered Muslim...
(تكفير): declaration of individual or group of previously considered Muslim as kaffir.
Tamaninat : to be motionless
TaqdirTaqdir , literally to measure, refers to the doctrine of fate or predestination, qadar , one of the aspects of aqeeda. The words are used throughout the collections of Hadith to mean predestination...
: fate, predestination
TaqlīdTaqlid or taqleed is an Arabic term meaning "following " or "imitation". In Islamic legal terminology it refers to the practice of following the decisions of a religious authority without necessarily examining the scriptural basis or reasoning of that decision...
(تقليد): to follow the scholarly opinion of one of the four Imams of Islamic Jurispudence.
TaqiyyaWithin the Shia theological framework, the concept of Taqiyya refers to a dispensation allowing believers to conceal their faith when under threat, persecution or compulsion....
(تقيّة): the mostly Shi'a principle that one is allowed to hide one's true beliefs in certain circumstances.
TaqwaTaqwá is the Islamic concept of "God-consciousness" or higher consciousness. It is related to the concept of conscience. Having taqwá allows a person to be constantly aware of both God's all-encompassing knowledge and attributes and a reminder of their relationship and responsibility to God as his...
(تقوى): righteousness; goodness; Piety: Taqwa is taken from the verbe Ittaqua, witch means Avoiding, Fearing the punishment from Allah for committing sins. It is piety obtained by fearing the punishment of Allah.
TarawihTarawih is an Arabic phrase referring to extra prayers given by Sunni Muslims at night in the Islamic month of Ramadan .-Overview:...
(تراويح): extra prayers in Ramadan after the Isha prayer.
TarkībTarkib is the Arabic word for construction , assembly. In Islamic context, it refers to the study of Arabic grammar issued from the Qur'an....
(تَرْكِيب): the study of
Arabic grammarArabic grammar is the grammar of the Classical and Modern Standard Arabic. Arabic is a Semitic language and its grammar has many similarities with the grammar of other Semitic languages.-History:...
issued from the
Qur'anThe Qur’an is the central religious text of Islam...
{{transl (طريقة): a Muslim religious order, particularly a
SufiSufism or ' , also spelled as tasavvuf and tasavvof, is generally understood to be the inner, mystical dimension of Islam. A practitioner of this tradition is generally known as a ' , though some adherents of the tradition reserve this term only for those practitioners who have attained the goals...
order
Tartīl (ترتيل): slow, meditative recitation of the
Qur'anThe Qur’an is the central religious text of Islam...
TasawwufSufism or ' , also spelled as tasavvuf and tasavvof, is generally understood to be the inner, mystical dimension of Islam. A practitioner of this tradition is generally known as a ' , though some adherents of the tradition reserve this term only for those practitioners who have attained the goals...
(التصوّف) or
SufismSufism or ' , also spelled as tasavvuf and tasavvof, is generally understood to be the inner, mystical dimension of Islam. A practitioner of this tradition is generally known as a ' , though some adherents of the tradition reserve this term only for those practitioners who have attained the goals...
TasbihA misbaha , subha , Tasbih , or tespih is a string of prayer beads, probably of Persian origin, which is traditionally used by Muslims to keep track of counting in tasbih.The Misbaha is also known as Tasbih -not to be confused with Tasbih a type of dhikr-in non-Arab Muslim regions or...
: Uttering the formula: "Subhan Allah", i.e. (Glory be to Allah)
Tashkīl (تشكيل): vocalization of Arabic text by means of diacritical marks. An integral part of the Arabic writing system. Literally meaning to form or arrange
TaslimTaslim is the concluding portion of the Muslim prayer .Taslim is also a deviated sect of Islam.Now it is a banned teaching of Islam in most states of Malaysia. Malaysian States Islamic Religion Councils prohibit such teaching and if anyone practises Taslim Teaching, he or she would be prosecuted...
(تسليم): salutation at the end of prayer
Tatbeer : Shia Ashura ceremony of self-flagellation by hitting head with sword. (See zinjeer)
Tawakul : total reliance on Allah.
TawassulTawassul is a religious practice in which a Muslim seeks nearness to God. A rough translation would be: "To draw near to what one seeks after and to approach that which one desires." The exact definition and method of tawassul is a matter of some dispute within the Muslim...
(توسُّل): asking Allah Almighty through the medium and intercession of another person.
TawafTawaf is one of the Islamic rituals of pilgrimage. During the Hajj and Umrah, Muslims are to circumambulate the Ka'bah seven times, in a counterclockwise direction...
(طواف): circumambulating the Ka'bah during Hajj.
Tawbah (توبه): repentance
Tawhīd (توحيد):
monotheismIn theology, monotheism is the belief that only one god exists. The concept of "monotheism" tends to be dominated by the concept of God in the Abrahamic religions, such as Judaism, Christianity and Islam, and the Platonic concept of God as put forward by Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite...
; affirmation of the Oneness of Allah. Muslims regard this as the first part of the
Pillar of IslamThe Five Pillars of Islam is the term given to the five duties incumbent on every Muslim. These duties are Shahada , Salah , Zakah , Saum and Hajj .These five practices are essential to Sunni Islam; Shi'a Muslims subscribe to eight ritual practices which substantially...
, the second part is accepting Muhammad as rasoul (messenger). The opposite of Tawheed is
shirkShirk is the Islamic concept of the sin of polytheism specifically, but in a more general way refers to worshipping other than Allah, associating partners with him, giving his characteristics to others beside him, or not believing in his characteristics. Within Islam, Major Shirk is an ...
TawratTawrat is the Arabic word meaning Law. The Hebrew word Torah means instructions. Most Muslims believe it was a holy book of Islam given by God to Musa...
(توراة): the
TorahThe term "Torah" , refers either to the Five Books of Moses or to the entirety of Judaism's founding legal and ethical religious texts...
as revealed to
MusaMusa may refer to:In botany:*Musa , one of three genera in the family Musaceae that includes bananas and plantainsPlaces:*Mūša, a river in Lithuania and Latvia*Musa, Pakistan, a village in Chhachh, Attock, Punjab, Pakistan...
(Moses.)
Tayyib (طيِّب): all that is good as regards things, deeds, beliefs, persons, foods, etc. Means "pure." The Shahaddath is tayyib. Also, the name by which Turkish people call their present P.M., literally meaning pleasant
Ta'zeer (تعزير): Discretionary punishment - a sentence or punishment whose measure is not fixed by the Shari'ah. (See hudud, qisas)
Tazkiyah (تزكية): Purification of the Soul.
Thawab (ثواب): Reward for good deeds that is tallied on
qiyamahIn Islam, Yawm al-Qiyāmah "the Day of Resurrection" or Yawm ad-Din "the Day of Judgement" is God's final assessment of humanity. al-Qiyāmah is also the name of the 75th surah of the Qur'an....
(judgment day.) Opposite of ithim.
Tilawa (تلاوة): ritual recitation of passages of the Qur'an.
U
Ubudiyah : worship
Udhiyah : sacrifice
{{translUlema refers to the educated class of Muslim legal scholars engaged in the several fields of Islamic studies. They are best known as the arbiters of shari‘a law...
(علماء) or ulema: the leaders of Islamic society, including teachers,
ImamAn imam is an Islamic leadership position, often the leader of a mosque and the community. Similar to spiritual leaders, the imam is the one who leads the prayer during Islamic gatherings. More often, the community turns to the mosque imam if they have an Islamic question...
s and judges. Singular alim.
UmmahUmmah is an Arabic word meaning "community" or "nation". It is commonly used to mean either the collective nation of states, or the whole Arab world...
(الاُمّة) or umma: the global community of all Muslim believers
{{translThe Umrah or is a pilgrimage to Mecca performed by Muslims that can be undertaken at any time of the year. In Arabic Umrah means “to visit a populated place”. As a technical term used in the Shari’ah,...
(عمرة) : the lesser pilgrimage performed in Mecca. Unlike hajj, {{transl|sem|‘umrah}} can be performed throughout the year.
Uqubat : the branch of sharia that deals with punishment. (See hudud, qisas, tazeer)
{{translUrf العرف is an Arabic Islamic term referring to the custom, or 'knowledge', of a given society, leading to change in the fiqh فقه ....
(عرف) : custom of a given society, leading to change in the
fiqhFiqh is Islamic jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the Sharia Islamic law—based directly on the Quran and Sunnah—that complements Shariah with evolving rulings/interpretations of Islamic jurists....
UsulIn Ottoman classical music, usul is an underlying rhythmic cycle that complements the melodic rhythm and sometimes helps shape the overall structure of a composition. An usul can be as short as two beats or as long as 128 beats. Usul is often translated as "meter", but usul and meter are not...
(sing. asl) : Principles, origins.
Usul al-FiqhUṣūl al-fiqh is the study of the origins, sources, and principles upon which Islamic jurisprudence is based. In the narrow sense, it simply refers to the question of what are the sources of Islamic law...
: the study of the origins and practice of Islamic jurisprudence (
fiqhFiqh is Islamic jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the Sharia Islamic law—based directly on the Quran and Sunnah—that complements Shariah with evolving rulings/interpretations of Islamic jurists....
)
W
Wafat: death (Barah-wafat) Muhammad was born on the twelfth day of Rabi-ul-Awwal, the third month of the Muslim year. His death anniversary also falls on the same day, the word 'barah' standing for the twelve days of Muhammad's sickness.
{{transl (وحدة الوجود) : "unity of being". Philosophical term used by some Sufis. Related to
fanaaFanaa can refer to either:* Fanaa , the Sufi term of extinction, also a part of Sufi philosophy.* Fanaa , a film directed by Kunal Kohli and produced by Yash Chopra starring Aamir Khan & Kajol....
WahyWahy is the Arabic word for revelation. In Islamic context, it refers to the revelations of God to his prophets, for all humankind...
: revelation or inspiration of God to His prophets for all humankind
WahnWahn may refer to :* Ian Wahn , a Canadian politician* love of this life and hatred of death, according to the glossary of Islamic terms in Arabic...
: love of this life and hatred of death
Wajib : obligatory or mandatory see
fardFard also farida is an Islamic term which denotes a religious duty. The word is also used in Persian, Turkish, and Urdu in the same meaning....
WaliWalī , is an Arabic word meaning "trusted one or patron"; it generally denotes "friend of God" in the phrase ولي الله walīyu 'llāh It should not be confused with the word Wāli which is an administrative title that was used in the Muslim Caliphate, and still today in some Muslim countries.-Sunni...
(والي) : friend, protector, guardian, supporter, helper
WaqfA waqf is an inalienable religious endowment in Islam, typically denoting a building or plot of land for Muslim religious or charitable purposes...
: An endowment of money or property: the return or yield is typically dedicated toward a certain end, for example, to the maintenance of the poor, a family, a village, or a mosque. Plural: Awqaf.
WarrāqWarraq is the Arabic word for stationer or papermaker. Meanings in traditional and Islamic contexts include scribe, publisher, printer, notary and book-copier....
(ورّاق) : traditional scribe, publisher, printer, notary and book copier
WasatWasat is the Arabic word for middle, centered, balanced. In Islamic context, it refers to the "middle way", a justly balanced way of life, avoiding extremes and experiencing things in moderation....
: the middle way, justly balanced, avoiding extremes, moderation
WaseelahTawassul is a religious practice in which a Muslim seeks nearness to God. A rough translation would be: "To draw near to what one seeks after and to approach that which one desires." The exact definition and method of tawassul is a matter of some dispute within the Muslim...
: the means by which one achieves nearness to Allah (see
tawassulTawassul is a religious practice in which a Muslim seeks nearness to God. A rough translation would be: "To draw near to what one seeks after and to approach that which one desires." The exact definition and method of tawassul is a matter of some dispute within the Muslim...
)
WitrWitr is an Islamic prayer that is performed at night after isha'a and before fajr. There are a few distinguishing factors of the witr prayer that sets it apart from the fard and sunnah prayers. Witr has an odd number of rakat prayed in pairs, with the final raka'ah prayed separately...
(وتر) : a voluntary, optional night prayer of odd numbers rakaats.
WuduWudu is the Islamic act of washing parts of the body using water. Muslims are required to be clean in preparation for ritual prayers. The Quran says "For Allah loves those who turn to Him constantly and He loves those who keep themselves pure and clean."...
(الوضوء) : ablution for ritual purification from minor impurities before
salatṢalāt is the name given to the formal prayer of Islam. The prayer is one of the obligatory rites of the religion, to be performed five times a day by a practising Muslim...
(see
ghuslGhusl is an Arabic term referring to the full ablution required in Islam for various rituals and prayers. The ablution becomes mandatory for any adult Muslim after having sexual intercourse, any sexual discharge , completion of the menstrual cycle, giving birth, and death by natural causes.Islam...
)
Y
Ya Allah (یا الله) : O, God!
Yajooj-o-Majooj : Gog and Magog
YaqinYaqin is the Arabic word for certainty, or that which is certain. In Islamic context, it refers mainly to total belief, without any doubt, of Allah as the only and almighty.- External links :*...
: certainty, that which is certain
Yarhamuk-Ullah: May Allah have mercy on you (said when someone sneezes)
Yaum al-Deen : Day of Reckoning, Awe
Yaum al-Ghadab : Day of Rage
Yawm ul-QiyāmahIn Islam, Yawm al-Qiyāmah "the Day of Resurrection" or Yawm ad-Din "the Day of Judgement" is God's final assessment of humanity. al-Qiyāmah is also the name of the 75th surah of the Qur'an....
(يوم القيامة) : "Day of the Resurrection"; Day of Judgement
Z
ZaburZabur is the holy book of the Sabians and, according to Islam, one of the holy books revealed by God before the Qur'an ....
(زبور) : the Psalms revealed to King David
Zabiha (ذَبِيْحَة) see
dhabiha' is the prescribed method of ritual slaughter of all animals excluding camels, locusts, fish and most sea-life per Islamic law. This method of slaughtering animals consists of a swift, deep incision with a sharp knife on the neck, cutting the jugular veins and carotid arteries of both sides but...
: Islamic method of slaughtering an animal. Using a sharp knife the animal's windpipe, throat and blood vessels of the neck are severed without cutting the spinal cord to ensure that the blood is thoroughly drained before removing the head. See
halalHalal is an Arabic term designating any object or an action which is permissible to use or engage in, according to Islamic law. It is the opposite of haraam. The term is widely used to designate food seen as permissible according to Islamic law...
ZahirAccording to some Muslim groups, the Zahir is the external or apparent meaning of the Quran. In other words, this refers to interpretations of Quranic doctrine that are conducted by normal human beings...
: Exterior meaning
Zaidi (الزيدية) : Islamic sub-sect of Shi'ah, popularly found in Yemen, with similarities to Sunni
ZakatZakāh or "alms giving", one of the Five Pillars of Islam, is the giving of a small percentage of one's possessions to charity generally to poor and needy Muslims individual...
(زكاة)Al-Maal : tax, alms, tithe as a Muslim duty; Sunnis regard this as the fourth
Pillar of IslamThe Five Pillars of Islam is the term given to the five duties incumbent on every Muslim. These duties are Shahada , Salah , Zakah , Saum and Hajj .These five practices are essential to Sunni Islam; Shi'a Muslims subscribe to eight ritual practices which substantially...
. Neither charity nor derived from
Islamic economicsIslamic economics is accordance with Islamic law. Islamic economics can refer to the application of Islamic law to economic activity either where Islamic rule is in force or where it is not; i.e. it can refer to the creation of an Islamic economic system, or to simply following Islamic law in...
, but a religious duty and social obligation.
ZakatZakāh or "alms giving", one of the Five Pillars of Islam, is the giving of a small percentage of one's possessions to charity generally to poor and needy Muslims individual...
(زكاة)Al-Fitr:
Zalimun : polytheists, wrong-doers, and unjust.
Zināa (زناء , زنى) : sexual activity outside of marriage (covering the English words
adulteryAdultery is referred to as extramarital sex, philandery, or infidelity, but does not include fornication. The term "adultery" for many people carries a moral or religious association, while the term "extramarital sex" is morally or judgmentally neutral....
and fornication)
ZulfiqarZulfiqar "bifurcated"" is the sword of the Islamic leader ‘Alī. In Arabic the name is commonly transliterated as Dhu al-Fiqar, Thulfeqar, Dhulfiqar, Zoulfikar etc...
(ذو الفقار) : Sword of Ali presented to him by Muhammad
See also
External links