List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to the United States
Encyclopedia
The British Ambassador to the United States is in charge of the British Embassy, Washington, D.C., the United Kingdom
's diplomatic mission
to the United States
. The official title is Her Majesty's Ambassador to the United States of America.
The ambassador's residence is on Massachusetts Avenue in Washington, D.C.
It was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens
and built in 1928.
The current British Ambassador to the United States is His Excellency
Sir Nigel Sheinwald
who was appointed in 2007
In June 2011, the Prime Minister's Office
announced that Sir Peter Westmacott
, currently HM Ambassador to the French Republic will replace Sir Nigel in January 2012 as British Ambassador to the US.
, along with those of Permanent Representative to the European Union
and Permanent Under-Secretary of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office
.
The ambassador's main duty is to present British policies to the American government and people, and to report American policies and views to the Government of the United Kingdom. He serves as the primary channel of communication between the two nations, and plays an important role in treaty negotiations.
The ambassador is the head of the United Kingdom's consular service in the USA. As well as directing diplomatic activity in support of trade, he is ultimately responsible for visa
services and for the provision of consular support to British citizens in America. He also over-sees cultural relations between the two countries.
, was appointed on 5 July 1791. He held the title of Minister in Washington or Minister to the United States of America.
In 1809, David Montague Erskine and President James Madison
negotiated a compromise to Anglo-American disputes over shipping in the Atlantic, which might have averted the War of 1812
. However, the deal was rejected by King George III
and the British Government recalled Erskine.
By the 1850s, the envoy's title was Her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States of America, and the United Kingdom had consulates in several American cities. Under the direction of Sir John Crampton
in 1854 and 1855, British consuls attempted to enlist American volunteers to fight in the Crimean War
. The American government strenuously objected, and President Franklin Pierce
asked for Crampton to be recalled. The United Kingdom refused and, in May 1856, the American government dismissed Crampton, along with the United Kingdom's consuls in New York
, Philadelphia and Cincinnati. After much negotiation, the United Kingdom was allowed to re-establish its Legation in Washington the following year, and Lord Napier
became the new minister.
In 1893, the British diplomatic mission in Washington was raised from a Legation
to an Embassy, and Sir Julian Pauncefote, Minister since 1889, was appointed as the United Kingdom's first ambassador to the United States, with the title Her Britannic Majesty's Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United States.
The role was offered to three former Prime Ministers
: the Earl of Rosebery
, David Lloyd George
and Sir Edward Heath
, all of whom declined.
The current Ambassador, Sir Nigel Sheinwald
, was appointed on October 2007.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
's diplomatic mission
Diplomatic mission
A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one state or an international inter-governmental organisation present in another state to represent the sending state/organisation in the receiving state...
to the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. The official title is Her Majesty's Ambassador to the United States of America.
The ambassador's residence is on Massachusetts Avenue in Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
It was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens
Edwin Lutyens
Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens, OM, KCIE, PRA, FRIBA was a British architect who is known for imaginatively adapting traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era...
and built in 1928.
The current British Ambassador to the United States is His Excellency
Excellency
Excellency is an honorific style given to certain members of an organization or state.Usually, people styled "Excellency" are heads of state, heads of government, governors, ambassadors, certain ecclesiastics, royalty, aristocracy, and military, and others holding equivalent rank .It is...
Sir Nigel Sheinwald
Nigel Sheinwald
Sir Nigel Elton Sheinwald GCMG is a senior British diplomat, currently HM Ambassador to the United States of America, appointed in October 2007....
who was appointed in 2007
In June 2011, the Prime Minister's Office
10 Downing Street
10 Downing Street, colloquially known in the United Kingdom as "Number 10", is the headquarters of Her Majesty's Government and the official residence and office of the First Lord of the Treasury, who is now always the Prime Minister....
announced that Sir Peter Westmacott
Peter Westmacott
Sir Peter John Westmacott, KCMG, LVO is a senior British diplomat, currently serving as HM Ambassador to the French Republic....
, currently HM Ambassador to the French Republic will replace Sir Nigel in January 2012 as British Ambassador to the US.
Duties
The position of ambassador to the United States is considered to be one of the most important jobs in the United Kingdom's Diplomatic ServiceDiplomatic service
Diplomatic service is the body of diplomats and foreign policy officers maintained by the government of a country to communicate with the governments of other countries. Diplomatic personnel enjoy diplomatic immunity when they are accredited to other countries...
, along with those of Permanent Representative to the European Union
European Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
and Permanent Under-Secretary of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office
Foreign and Commonwealth Office
The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, commonly called the Foreign Office or the FCO is a British government department responsible for promoting the interests of the United Kingdom overseas, created in 1968 by merging the Foreign Office and the Commonwealth Office.The head of the FCO is the...
.
The ambassador's main duty is to present British policies to the American government and people, and to report American policies and views to the Government of the United Kingdom. He serves as the primary channel of communication between the two nations, and plays an important role in treaty negotiations.
The ambassador is the head of the United Kingdom's consular service in the USA. As well as directing diplomatic activity in support of trade, he is ultimately responsible for visa
Visa (document)
A visa is a document showing that a person is authorized to enter the territory for which it was issued, subject to permission of an immigration official at the time of actual entry. The authorization may be a document, but more commonly it is a stamp endorsed in the applicant's passport...
services and for the provision of consular support to British citizens in America. He also over-sees cultural relations between the two countries.
History
The first British envoy to the United States, George HammondGeorge Hammond (diplomat)
George Hammond was a British diplomat and the first British envoy to the United States from 1791 to 1795.-Early career:Hammond came from East Riding of Yorkshire, enjoyed a liberal education, and was a Master of Arts and Fellow of Merton College, Oxford...
, was appointed on 5 July 1791. He held the title of Minister in Washington or Minister to the United States of America.
In 1809, David Montague Erskine and President James Madison
James Madison
James Madison, Jr. was an American statesman and political theorist. He was the fourth President of the United States and is hailed as the “Father of the Constitution” for being the primary author of the United States Constitution and at first an opponent of, and then a key author of the United...
negotiated a compromise to Anglo-American disputes over shipping in the Atlantic, which might have averted the War of 1812
War of 1812
The War of 1812 was a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States of America and those of the British Empire. The Americans declared war in 1812 for several reasons, including trade restrictions because of Britain's ongoing war with France, impressment of American merchant...
. However, the deal was rejected by King George III
George III of the United Kingdom
George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death...
and the British Government recalled Erskine.
By the 1850s, the envoy's title was Her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States of America, and the United Kingdom had consulates in several American cities. Under the direction of Sir John Crampton
Sir John Crampton, 2nd Baronet
Sir John Fiennes Twisleton Crampton, 2nd Baronet, KCB , was a British diplomat, Ambassador to the United States from 1852 to 1856 and Minister Plenipotentiary to Russia from 1858 to 1860.-Early life:...
in 1854 and 1855, British consuls attempted to enlist American volunteers to fight in the Crimean War
Crimean War
The Crimean War was a conflict fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The war was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining...
. The American government strenuously objected, and President Franklin Pierce
Franklin Pierce
Franklin Pierce was the 14th President of the United States and is the only President from New Hampshire. Pierce was a Democrat and a "doughface" who served in the U.S. House of Representatives and the Senate. Pierce took part in the Mexican-American War and became a brigadier general in the Army...
asked for Crampton to be recalled. The United Kingdom refused and, in May 1856, the American government dismissed Crampton, along with the United Kingdom's consuls in New York
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
, Philadelphia and Cincinnati. After much negotiation, the United Kingdom was allowed to re-establish its Legation in Washington the following year, and Lord Napier
Francis Napier, 10th Lord Napier
Francis Napier, 10th Lord Napier and 1st Baron Ettrick, KT, PC , was a Scottish polyglot, diplomat and colonial administrator. He served as the British Minister to the United States from 1857 to 1859, Netherlands from 1859 to 1860, Russia from 1861 to 1864, Prussia from 1864 to 1866 and as the...
became the new minister.
In 1893, the British diplomatic mission in Washington was raised from a Legation
Legation
A legation was the term used in diplomacy to denote a diplomatic representative office lower than an embassy. Where an embassy was headed by an Ambassador, a legation was headed by a Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary....
to an Embassy, and Sir Julian Pauncefote, Minister since 1889, was appointed as the United Kingdom's first ambassador to the United States, with the title Her Britannic Majesty's Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United States.
The role was offered to three former Prime Ministers
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the Head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party and...
: the Earl of Rosebery
Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery
Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, KG, PC was a British Liberal statesman and Prime Minister. Between the death of his father, in 1851, and the death of his grandfather, the 4th Earl, in 1868, he was known by the courtesy title of Lord Dalmeny.Rosebery was a Liberal Imperialist who...
, David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor OM, PC was a British Liberal politician and statesman...
and Sir Edward Heath
Edward Heath
Sir Edward Richard George "Ted" Heath, KG, MBE, PC was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and as Leader of the Conservative Party ....
, all of whom declined.
The current Ambassador, Sir Nigel Sheinwald
Nigel Sheinwald
Sir Nigel Elton Sheinwald GCMG is a senior British diplomat, currently HM Ambassador to the United States of America, appointed in October 2007....
, was appointed on October 2007.
Envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary (1791-1893)
- 1791–1795: George HammondGeorge Hammond (diplomat)George Hammond was a British diplomat and the first British envoy to the United States from 1791 to 1795.-Early career:Hammond came from East Riding of Yorkshire, enjoyed a liberal education, and was a Master of Arts and Fellow of Merton College, Oxford...
- 1796–1800: Sir Robert ListonRobert Liston (diplomat)Sir Robert Liston, GCB, PC was a British diplomat and ambassador to several countries.-Biography:Liston was born in Kirkliston, Scotland, went on to Edinburgh University, and then tutored the sons of the Earl of Minto...
- 1803–1806: Anthony MerryAnthony Merry-Biography:The son of a London wine merchant, Anthony Merry served in various diplomatic posts in Europe between 1783 and 1803, holding mostly consular positions. He was Chargé d'Affaires in Madrid in 1796 and again in Copenhagen about 1799, and Minister ad interim in Paris in 1802.Merry was...
- 1807–1809: Hon. David ErskineDavid Erskine, 2nd Baron ErskineDavid Montagu Erskine, 2nd Baron Erskine was a British diplomat and politician.-Background and education:...
- 1809–1811: Francis Jackson
- 1811–1812: Sir Augustus Foster
- 1812–1815: No representation due to the War of 1812War of 1812The War of 1812 was a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States of America and those of the British Empire. The Americans declared war in 1812 for several reasons, including trade restrictions because of Britain's ongoing war with France, impressment of American merchant...
- 1815–1820: Hon. Sir Charles BagotCharles BagotSir Charles Bagot, GCB was an English diplomat and colonial administrator who served as Governor General of the Province of Canada 1841-1843)....
- 1820–1824: Stratford CanningStratford Canning, 1st Viscount Stratford de RedcliffeStratford Canning, 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe KG GCB PC , was a British diplomat and politician, best known as the longtime British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire...
- 1825–1835: Sir Charles VaughanCharles Richard VaughanSir Charles Richard Vaughan, GCH, PC, was a British diplomat.Vaughan born at Leicester, the son of James Vaughan, a physician, and his wife, Hester née Smalley. His brothers were Sir Henry Halford , who dropped the family name; Sir John Vaughan , a Baron of the Exchequer; and Peter Vaughan, Warden...
- 1835–1843: Sir Henry FoxHenry Stephen FoxHenry Stephen Fox was a British diplomat.-Life:As the only son of General Henry Edward Fox , Henry was educated at Eton College. Matriculating from Christ Church, Oxford in 1809, his wit, charm, love of gambling and manners made him popular in fashionable circles...
- 1843–1847: Richard Pakenham
- 1849–1852: Sir Henry BulwerHenry Bulwer, 1st Baron Dalling and BulwerHenry Lytton Earle Bulwer, 1st Baron Dalling and Bulwer GCB, PC was a British Liberal politician, diplomat and writer.-Background and education:...
- 1852–1856: Sir John Crampton, BtSir John Crampton, 2nd BaronetSir John Fiennes Twisleton Crampton, 2nd Baronet, KCB , was a British diplomat, Ambassador to the United States from 1852 to 1856 and Minister Plenipotentiary to Russia from 1858 to 1860.-Early life:...
- 1857–1858: The Lord NapierFrancis Napier, 10th Lord NapierFrancis Napier, 10th Lord Napier and 1st Baron Ettrick, KT, PC , was a Scottish polyglot, diplomat and colonial administrator. He served as the British Minister to the United States from 1857 to 1859, Netherlands from 1859 to 1860, Russia from 1861 to 1864, Prussia from 1864 to 1866 and as the...
- 1858–1865: The Lord LyonsRichard Lyons, 1st Viscount LyonsRichard Bickerton Pemell Lyons, 1st Viscount Lyons, GCB, GCMG, PC, DCL was an eminent British diplomat.-Biography:...
- 1865–1867: Sir Frederick BruceFrederick Wright-BruceSir Frederick Wright-Bruce, GCB was a British diplomat.Frederick Bruce was the youngest of the three sons of Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, and his second wife Elizabeth, youngest daughter of James Townshend Oswald of Dunnikier, Fife. He was born at Bromhall, Fife, on 14 April 1814, and on 9 Feb...
- 1867–1881: Sir Edward ThorntonEdward Thornton (diplomat)Sir Edward Thornton KCB was a prominent British diplomat, who held posts in Latin America, Turkey, Russia, and served for fourteen years as Minister to the United States.-Early career:...
- 1881–1888: Hon. Lionel Sackville-WestLionel Sackville-West, 2nd Baron SackvilleLionel Sackville-West, 2nd Baron Sackville GCMG , was a British diplomat.-Background:Sackville-West was the fourth son of George Sackville-West, 5th Earl De La Warr, by Lady Elizabeth, daughter of John Sackville, 3rd Duke of Dorset...
- 1889–1893: Sir Julian PauncefoteJulian Pauncefote, 1st Baron PauncefoteJulian Pauncefote, 1st Baron Pauncefote GCB, GCMG, PC , known as Sir Julian Pauncefote between 1874 and 1899, was a British barrister, judge and diplomat...
Ambassadors extraordinary and plenipotentiary (from 1893)
- 1893–1902: Sir Julian PauncefoteJulian Pauncefote, 1st Baron PauncefoteJulian Pauncefote, 1st Baron Pauncefote GCB, GCMG, PC , known as Sir Julian Pauncefote between 1874 and 1899, was a British barrister, judge and diplomat...
(Baron Pauncefote from 1899) - 1902–1903: Hon. Sir Michael HerbertMichael Henry HerbertSir Michael Henry Herbert, KCMG, CB, PC) , was a British diplomat and ambassador.-Career:Herbert was brought up at the family house at Wilton House, in Wiltshire...
- 1903–1906: Sir Mortimer DurandMortimer DurandSir Henry Mortimer Durand was a British diplomat and civil servant of colonial British India.-Background:Born at Sehore, Bhopal, India, he was the son of Sir Henry Marion Durand, the Resident of Baroda and he was educated at Blackheath Proprietary School, and Tonbridge School.-Career:Durand...
- 1907–1913: James BryceJames Bryce, 1st Viscount BryceJames Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce OM, GCVO, PC, FRS, FBA was a British academic, jurist, historian and Liberal politician.-Background and education:...
- 1913–1918: Sir Cecil Spring-RiceCecil Spring-RiceSir Cecil Arthur Spring-Rice GCMG GCVO , was a British diplomat who served as British Ambassador to the United States from 1912 to 1918.-Early life:...
- 1918–1919: The Earl of ReadingRufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of ReadingRufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading, GCB, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, PC, KC , was an English lawyer, jurist and politician...
- 1919–1920: The Viscount Grey of FallodonEdward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of FallodonEdward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon KG, PC, FZL, DL , better known as Sir Edward Grey, Bt, was a British Liberal statesman. He served as Foreign Secretary from 1905 to 1916, the longest continuous tenure of any person in that office...
- 1920–1924: Sir Auckland Geddes
- 1924–1930: Sir Esme HowardEsme Howard, 1st Baron Howard of PenrithEsme William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Penrith, GCB, GCMG, CVO was a British diplomat. He served as British Ambassador to the United States between 1924 and 1930....
- 1930–1939: Sir Ronald LindsayRonald LindsaySir Ronald Charles Lindsay , PC, CVO, GCB, KCMG, was a British civil servant and diplomat.He was born in 1877, the fifth son of James Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford, and educated at Winchester College....
- 1939–1940: The Marquess of LothianPhilip Kerr, 11th Marquess of LothianPhilip Henry Kerr, 11th Marquess of Lothian KT CH PC was a British politician and diplomat.Philip Kerr was the son of Lord Ralph Drury Kerr, the third son of John Kerr, 7th Marquess of Lothian...
- 1940–1946: The Viscount HalifaxE. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of HalifaxEdward Frederick Lindley Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax, , known as The Lord Irwin from 1925 until 1934 and as The Viscount Halifax from 1934 until 1944, was one of the most senior British Conservative politicians of the 1930s, during which he held several senior ministerial posts, most notably as...
- 1946–1948: The Lord Inverchapel
- 1948–1952: Sir Oliver Franks
- 1953–1956: Sir Roger MakinsRoger Makins, 1st Baron SherfieldRoger Mellor Makins, 1st Baron Sherfield, GCB, GCMG, FRS , was a British diplomat who served as British Ambassador to the United States from 1953 to 1956....
- 1956–1961: Sir Harold CacciaHarold Caccia, Baron CacciaHarold Anthony Caccia, Baron Caccia, GCMG, GCVO, GCStJ was a British diplomat....
- 1961–1965: Hon. Sir David Ormsby-GoreDavid Ormsby-Gore, 5th Baron HarlechWilliam David Ormsby-Gore, 5th Baron Harlech KCMG PC , known as David Ormsby-Gore until 1964, was a British diplomat and Conservative Party politician.-Early life:...
- 1965–1969: Sir Patrick DeanPatrick DeanSir Patrick Henry Dean, GCMG, was Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations from 1960 to 1964 and British Ambassador to the United States from 1965 to 1969....
- 1969–1971: John Freeman
- 1971–1974: The Earl of Cromer
- 1974–1977: Hon. Sir Peter RamsbothamPeter RamsbothamPeter Edward Ramsbotham, 3rd Viscount Soulbury, GCMG, GCVO, KStJ, DL was a British diplomat and colonial administrator....
- 1977–1979: Peter JayPeter JayPeter Jay is a British economist, broadcaster and diplomat.-Background:Peter Jay is the son of Douglas and Peggy Jay, both of whom were Labour Party politicians...
- 1979–1982: Sir Nicholas HendersonNicholas HendersonSir John Nicolas Henderson, GCMG, KCVO was a distinguished British career diplomat and writer, who served as British Ambassador to the United States from 1979 to 1982....
- 1982–1986: Sir Oliver WrightOliver WrightSir John Oliver Wright, GCMG, GCVO, DSC was a British diplomat.- Early life :Wright was born on 6 March 1921. He was educated at Solihull School and later Christ's College, Cambridge although his studies were interrupted by World War II. He served in the Royal Naval Reserve and was awarded the...
- 1986–1991: Sir Antony Acland
- 1991–1995: Sir Robin RenwickRobin RenwickRobin William Renwick, Baron Renwick of Clifton, KCMG is a former diplomat and is now a crossbench member of the House of Lords. He was a Labour peer but moved to the crossbenches in 2007....
- 1995–1997: Sir John KerrJohn Kerr, Baron Kerr of KinlochardJohn Olav Kerr, Baron Kerr of Kinlochard GCMG , a former diplomat, is Deputy Chairman of Royal Dutch Shell and an independent member of the House of Lords.-Background and education:...
- 1997–2003: Sir Christopher MeyerChristopher MeyerSir Christopher John Rome Meyer, KCMG is a former British Ambassador to the United States , former Ambassador to Germany and the former chairman of the Press Complaints Commission...
- 2003–2007: Sir David ManningDavid ManningSir David Geoffrey Manning, GCMG, CVO is a former British diplomat, who was the British Ambassador to the United States from 2003 to 2007. He authored the so-called "Manning Memo" summarising the details of a January 2003 meeting between American president George W. Bush and British prime minister...
- 2007–present: Sir Nigel SheinwaldNigel SheinwaldSir Nigel Elton Sheinwald GCMG is a senior British diplomat, currently HM Ambassador to the United States of America, appointed in October 2007....
Ambassadors in fiction
- Sir Everard Everett, in WodehouseWodehouseWodehouse is an English surname and may refer to:* Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet , MP for Norfolk* Armine Wodehouse , MP for Saffron Walden, descendant of the above...
's Jeeves and the Feudal SpiritJeeves and the Feudal SpiritJeeves and the Feudal Spirit is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published in the United Kingdom on October 15, 1954 by Herbert Jenkins, London and in the United States on February 23, 1955 by Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York, under the title Bertie Wooster Sees It Through... - Lord John MarburyLord John MarburyLord John Marbury is a recurring fictional character on the television show The West Wing, played by Roger Rees. The character appeared in five episodes, first as an informal aide to President Josiah Bartlet during a foreign relations crisis, and later within the show as the United Kingdom's...
, in NBCNBCThe National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcasting television network and former radio network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's Rockefeller Center with additional major offices near Los Angeles and in Chicago...
's The West Wing. - Sir Mark Brydon, in the BBCBBCThe British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. Its headquarters is at Broadcasting House in the City of Westminster, London. It is the largest broadcaster in the world, with about 23,000 staff...
's The State WithinThe State WithinThe State Within is a 2006 Seven-episode British television political drama, written by Lizzie Mickery and Daniel Percival, produced by Grainne Marmion as a joint BBC–BBC America production, that was broadcast by BBC1 in the United Kingdom from Thursday, 2 November 2006.The protagonist of The State...
. - Lord Standish, in Sherlock HolmesSherlock Holmes (2009 film)Sherlock Holmes is a 2009 action-mystery film based on the character of the same name created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The film was directed by Guy Ritchie and produced by Joel Silver, Lionel Wigram, Susan Downey and Dan Lin. The screenplay by Michael Robert Johnson, Anthony Peckham and Simon...