Lipik
Encyclopedia
Settlements
The settlements included in the administrative area of Lipik include:- AntunovacAntunovacAntunovac is a municipality in Osijek-Baranja county, Croatia. There are 3,559 inhabitants, 94% which are Croats.. There are two villages in municipality, Antunovac and Ivanovac .-External links:*...
, population 365 - BjelanovacBjelanovacBjelanovac is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D5 highway....
, population 10 - Brekinska, population 126
- Brezine, population 223
- Bujavica, population 33
- Bukovčani, population 16
- DobrovacDobrovacDobrovac is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D47 highway....
, population 358 - Donji ČaglićDonji ČaglićDonji Čaglić is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D5 highway....
, population 272 - Filipovac, population 381
- GajGajGaj or GAJ may refer to:* Gaj, Belgrade, a suburban neighborhood of Belgrade in Voždovac municipality* Gaj , a suburban neighborhood of Belgrade in Barajevo municipality* Gaj , a village near Kovin, Serbia...
, population 325 - Gornji Čaglić, population 18
- Jagma, population 41
- JapagaJapagaJapaga is a village in the Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 1991 census, the village is located in the municipality of Han Pijesak.-References:...
, population 171 - KlisaKlisaKlisa is a neighborhood of the city of Novi Sad in Serbia.-Name:Its name derived from Latin word "ecclesia", meaning "church place"...
, population 73 - KoritaKoritaKorita is a village in the municipality of Bileća, Bosnia and Herzegovina....
, population 10 - KovačevacKovačevacKovačevac is a village situated in Mladenovac municipality in Serbia....
, population 24 - KukunjevacKukunjevacKukunjevac is a village in Croatia....
, population 230 - Lipik, population 2,257
- Livađani, population 6
- Marino Selo, population 312
- PoljanaPoljanaPoljana is a newspaper published in Estonia, the Russian edition of the Estonian newspaper "Grüüne". Its first issue was published in 2007....
, population 544 - Ribnjaci, population 33
- Skenderovci, population 4
- Strižičevac, population 18
- SubockaSubockaSubocka is a village in Croatia....
, population 11 - ŠeovicaŠeovicaŠeovica is a village in Croatia....
, population 296
History
Lipik was occupied by OttomanOttoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
forces along with several other cities in Slavonia
Slavonia
Slavonia is a geographical and historical region in eastern Croatia...
until its liberation in 1691. In 1773, the warm waters of Lipik were described favorably by a Varaždin
Varaždin
Varaždin is a city in north Croatia, north of Zagreb on the highway A4. The total population is 47,055, with 38,746 on of the city settlement itself . The centre of Varaždin county is located near the Drava river, at...
doctor. It continued to be used as a treatment spa for over a century, and in 1872, the first hotel was opened in the town. By 1920 the number of hotels grew to six. Spa treatment is still the major focus of economy for the town.
Spa
Lipik is a famous health resort at the foot of the western slopes of PsunjPsunj
Psunj is a mountain in the southwestern Slavonia region in eastern Croatia. It is the highest mountain of Slavonia, with the highest peak of Brezovo polje at 984 m.a.s.l. In the north it extends to Ravna gora and Papuk, while otherwise it is surrounded by lowlands...
Mountain. Thermal water springs underlie the development of health tourism. Water temperature at the source reaches up to 60 °C (140 °F) and the daily capacity is 1,500,000 litres. This alkaline water is rich in fluorine
Fluorine
Fluorine is the chemical element with atomic number 9, represented by the symbol F. It is the lightest element of the halogen column of the periodic table and has a single stable isotope, fluorine-19. At standard pressure and temperature, fluorine is a pale yellow gas composed of diatomic...
, sodium
Sodium
Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal and is a member of the alkali metals; its only stable isotope is 23Na. It is an abundant element that exists in numerous minerals, most commonly as sodium chloride...
and calcium
Calcium
Calcium is the chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. It has an atomic mass of 40.078 amu. Calcium is a soft gray alkaline earth metal, and is the fifth-most-abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust...
, and suitable for treatment of locomotory system disorders, heart diseases, vascular diseases, sciatica
Sciatica
Sciatica is a set of symptoms including pain that may be caused by general compression or irritation of one of five spinal nerve roots that give rise to each sciatic nerve, or by compression or irritation of the left or right or both sciatic nerves. The pain is felt in the lower back, buttock, or...
, lumbago, multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which the fatty myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord are damaged, leading to demyelination and scarring as well as a broad spectrum of signs and symptoms...
, etc. Medicinal mud is also used in treatment. Mineral water
Mineral water
Mineral water is water containing minerals or other dissolved substances that alter its taste or give it therapeutic value, generally obtained from a naturally occurring mineral spring or source. Dissolved substances in the water may include various salts and sulfur compounds...
is used for drinking, and offered on the market
Market
A market is one of many varieties of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations and infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange. While parties may exchange goods and services by barter, most markets rely on sellers offering their goods or services in exchange for money from buyers...
under the brand name Lipički Studenac.
The buildings of the health complex with the park
Park
A park is a protected area, in its natural or semi-natural state, or planted, and set aside for human recreation and enjoyment, or for the protection of wildlife or natural habitats. It may consist of rocks, soil, water, flora and fauna and grass areas. Many parks are legally protected by...
are now under reconstruction.
Lipizzan stable
Lipik also hosts a LipizzanLipizzan
The Lipizzan or Lipizzaner , is a breed of horse closely associated with the Spanish Riding School of Vienna, Austria, where the finest representatives demonstrate the haute école or "high school" movements of classical dressage, including the highly controlled, stylized jumps and other movements...
stable that had been built in 1843 under the Habsburg Monarchy
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
. It had previously enjoyed state recognition in Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
between 1938 and the 1950s, when it was closed in favor of the stable in Lipica
Lipica
Lipica is a village in the Municipality of Sežana in the Littoral region of Slovenia, close to the border with Italy.Lipica is one of the main tourist centers of the Slovenia's Karst region. It is the origin of the Lipizzaner horses. The Lipica stud farm was established in 1580 by Charles II,...
, Slovenia
Slovenia
Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
. It was reopened in 1981, but then during the Croatian War of Independence
Croatian War of Independence
The Croatian War of Independence was fought from 1991 to 1995 between forces loyal to the government of Croatia—which had declared independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia —and the Serb-controlled Yugoslav People's Army and local Serb forces, with the JNA ending its combat...
it was evacuated to Novi Sad
Novi Sad
Novi Sad is the capital of the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina, and the administrative centre of the South Bačka District. The city is located in the southern part of Pannonian Plain on the Danube river....
, Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
where the horses remained in exile until 2007.