Linnean Medal

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Linnean Medal

The Linnean Medal (formerly referred to as the Gold Medal) of the Linnean Society of London

Linnean Society of London

The Linnean Society of London is the world's premier society for the study and dissemination of taxonomy and natural history. It publishes a Zoological Journal, as well as Botanical and Biological Journals....
was established in 1888, and is awarded annually to alternately a botanist or a zoologist or (as has been common since 1958) to one of each in the same year. The medal was of gold until 1976, and is for the preceding years often referred to as "the Gold Medal of the Linnean Society".

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The Linnean Medal (formerly referred to as the Gold Medal) of the Linnean Society of London

Linnean Society of London

Linnean Medalists

19th Century

1888: Sir Joseph D. Hooker
Joseph Dalton Hooker

Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, Order of Merit, Order of the Star of India, Order of the Bath, Doctor of Medicine, Fellow of the Royal Society was an England botanist and explorer....
and Sir Richard Owen
Richard Owen

Sir Richard Owen Order of the Bath was an English people biologist, comparative anatomy and paleontology.Owen is probably best remembered today for coining the word Dinosauria and for his outspoken opposition to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection....
1889: Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyrame de Candolle
Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyrame de Candolle

Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyrame de Candolle , was a French-Swiss botanist, the son of the Swiss botanist A. P. de Candolle.He first devoted himself to the study of law, but gradually drifted to botany and finally succeeded to his father's chair at the University of Geneva....
1890: Thomas Henry Huxley
1891: Jean Baptiste Édouard Bornet
1892: Alfred Russel Wallace
Alfred Russel Wallace

Alfred Russel Wallace, Order of Merit, Fellow of the Royal Society was a United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Natural history, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and biologist....
1893: Daniel Oliver
Daniel Oliver

Daniel Oliver was a United Kingdom botanist.He was Librarian of the Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew from 1860?1890 and Keeper there from 1864?1890, and Professor of Botany at University College, London from 1861?1888....
1894: Ernst Haeckel
Ernst Haeckel

'Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel' ,also written 'von Haeckel', was an eminent Germany biologist, natural history, philosopher, physician, professor and artist who discovered, described and named thousands of new species, mapped a genealogical tree relating all life forms, and coined many terms in biology, including phylum, ph...
1895: Ferdinand Julius Cohn
1896: George James Allman
George James Allman

George James Allman Royal Society , M.D., Emeritus Professor of Natural History in Edinburgh, an eminent natural history.Allman was born in Cork , Ireland, and received his early education at the Royal Academical Institution, Belfast....
1897: Jacob Georg Agardh
Jacob Georg Agardh

Jacob Georg Agardh was a Sweden botanist. He was the son of Carl Adolph Agardh.ReferencesFurther reading...
1898: George Charles Wallich
George Charles Wallich

George Charles Wallich was a UK medical doctor and marine biologist. He was the son of the Denmark naturalist Nathaniel Wallich. He won the Linnean Medal....
1899: John Gilbert Baker
John Gilbert Baker

John Gilbert Baker was an England botanist.Baker was born in Guisborough. He worked at the library and herbarium of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew between 1866 and 1899, and was keeper of the herbarium from 1890 to 1899....
1900: Alfred Newton
Alfred Newton

Alfred Newton Fellow of the Royal Society was an England zoology and ornithology.Newton was Professor of Comparative Anatomy at Cambridge University from 1866 to 1907....

20th Century

1901: Sir George King
George King (botanist)

Sir George King , was a British botany appointed superintendent of the Indian Botanical Gardens in 1871, and the first Director of the Botanical Survey of India from 1890....
1902: Albert von Kölliker
Albert von Kölliker

Rudolph Albert von K?lliker was a Switzerland anatomist and physiologist....
1903: Mordecai Cubitt Cooke
Mordecai Cubitt Cooke

Mordecai Cubitt Cooke was an England botanist and mycologist.Cooke came from a mercantile family in Horning, Norfolk, and worked as an apprentice to a fabric merchant before becoming a clerk in a law firm, but his chief interest was in botany....
1904: Albert C. L. G. Günther
Albert C. L. G. Günther

Albrecht Karl Ludwig Gotthilf G?nther Fellow of the Royal Society October 3, 1830 ? February 1 1914, was a Germany-born British zoologist.G?nther was born in Esslingen in Swabia ....
1905: Eduard Strasburger
Eduard Strasburger

Eduard Adolf Strasburger was a Poland-Germany professor who was one of the most famous botanists of the 19th century.He was born in Warsaw, Poland, son of Edward Bogumil Strasburger ....
1906: Alfred Merle Norman
Alfred Merle Norman

Alfred Merle Norman was an England cleric and natural history....
1907: Melchior Treub
Melchior Treub

Melchior Treub was a Dutch botanist who was born in Voorschoten. In 1873 he graduated from the University of Leiden, and afterwards remained as a botanical assistant at Leiden....
1908: Thomas Roscoe Rede Stebbing
Thomas Roscoe Rede Stebbing

Thomas Roscoe Rede Stebbing was a United Kingdom zoology specialised in the study of crustaceans. His work was recognized by fellowships in the Linnean Society and the Royal Society and by the gold medal of the Linnean Society ....
1909: Frederick Orpen Bower
Frederick Orpen Bower

Frederick Orpen Bower Fellow of the Royal Society was a UK botanist. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1891. He was awarded the Linnean Medal in 1909 and the Darwin Medal of the Royal Society in 1938....
1910: Georg Ossian Sars
Georg Sars

Georg Ossian Sars was a Norway marine biologist.Like his father, Michael Sars, Georg Sars was a marine taxonomy, and is credited with the discovery of a number of new species, particularly mysids and ostracods....
1911: Hermann Graf zu Solms-Laubach
1912: R. C. L. Perkins
1913: Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler
1914: Otto Butschli
1915: Joseph Henry Maiden
1916: Frank Evers Beddard
Frank Evers Beddard

Frank Evers Beddard was a UK zoologist. He won the Linnean Medal in 1916 for his book on oligochaetes.Beddard was born in Dudley, educated at Harrow School and studied at New College, Oxford....
1917: Henry Brougham Guppy
1918: Frederick DuCane Godman
Frederick DuCane Godman

Frederick DuCane Godman D.C.L., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., F.R.G.S., F.E.S., F.Z.S., M.R.I., F.R.H.S., M.B.O.U. was an England lepidopterist, entomology and ornithology....
1919: Sir Isaac Bayley Balfour
Isaac Bayley Balfour

Sir Isaac Bayley Balfour was a Scotland botanist. He was the son of John Hutton Balfour who was also a botanist....
1920: Sir Edwin Ray Lankester
1921: Dukinfield Henry Scott
Dukinfield Henry Scott

Dukinfield Henry Scott was a United Kingdom botanist.Born in London, he was president of the Linnean Society from 1908 to 1912.He was awarded the Linnean Medal of the Linnean Society in 1921, the Darwin Medal of the Royal Society in 1926 and the Wollaston Medal of the Geological Society of London in 1928....
1922: Sir Edward Bagnall Poulton
Edward Bagnall Poulton

Sir Edward Bagnall Poulton was a British evolutionary zoologist. He became Hope Professor of Entomology at the University of Oxford in 1893....
1923: Thomas Frederic Cheeseman
Thomas Frederic Cheeseman

Thomas Frederick Cheeseman was a New Zealand botanist.References*...
1924: William Carmichael McIntosh
William Carmichael McIntosh

William Carmichael McIntosh, Fellow of the Royal Society was a Scottish physician and marine zoologist. His medical qualification was granted in 1860 by the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, following study at Edinburgh University....
1925: Francis Wall Oliver
Francis Wall Oliver

Francis Wall Oliver Fellow of the Royal Society was a UK botanist. He was Quain Professor of Botany at University College London 1890-1925 and then Professor of Botany at the University of Cairo 1929?1935....
1926: Edgar Johnson Allen
Edgar Johnson Allen

Edgar Johnson Allen Fellow of the Royal Society was a British marine biologist. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1914 and won the Linnean Medal in 1926 and the Royal Society's Darwin Medal in 1936....
1927: Otto Stapf
Otto Stapf

Otto Stapf was an Austrian born botanist.Stapf trained in Vienna, moving to Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in 1890. He was keeper of the Herbarium from 1909 to 1920....
1928: Edmund Beecher Wilson
Edmund Beecher Wilson

Edmund Beecher Wilson was a pioneering United States zoologist and geneticist.Wilson was born in Geneva, Illinois, Illinois, and graduated from Yale University in 1878....
1929: Hugo de Vries
Hugo de Vries

Hugo Marie de Vries was a Netherlands botanist and one of the first geneticists. He is known chiefly for suggesting the concept of genes, rediscovering Gregor Mendel's laws of heredity in the 1890s, and for developing a mutation theory of evolution....
1930: James Peter Hill
James Peter Hill

James Peter Hill was a UK embryologist.Born in Edinburgh in 1892 he went to Australia. In Australia he formed with a group dubbed "The Fraternity of Duckmaloi" that did studies on the platypus and was named for a noted "hunting ground" for the animal....
1931: Karl Ritter von Goebel
1932: Edwin Stephen Goodrich
Edwin Stephen Goodrich

Edwin Stephen Goodrich , was an English zoologist, specialising in comparative anatomy, embryology, paleontology, and evolution. He held the Linacre Chair of Zoology in the University of Oxford from 1921 to 1946....
1933: Robert Hippolyte Chodat
Robert Hippolyte Chodat

Robert Hippolyte Chodat was a Swiss botanist and algology who was a professor and director of the botanical institute at the University of Geneva....
1934: Sir Sidney Frederic Harmer
Sidney Frederic Harmer

Sir Sidney Frederic Harmer was a UK zoologist . He was President of the Linnean Society 1927-1931 and was awarded the Linnean Medal in 1934....
1935: Sir David Prain
David Prain

Sir David Prain was a Scotland botanist.Prain studied at the University of Aberdeen. He was curator of the Calcutta herbarium from 1887 to 1889, and author of Bengal Plants ....
1936: John Stanley Gardiner
John Stanley Gardiner

John Stanley Gardiner Fellow of the Royal Society was a UK zoologist and oceanographer.He was Professor of Zoology, Cambridge University at Cambridge 1909-1937....
1937: Frederick Frost Blackman
1938: Sir D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson
D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson

Sir D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson was a biologist, mathematician, and classics. A pioneering mathematical biology, he is mainly remembered as the author of the 1917 book, On Growth and Form, an influential work of striking originality and elegance....
1939: Elmer Drew Merrill
Elmer Drew Merrill

Elmer Drew Merrill was an United States botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S....
1940: Sir Arthur Smith Woodward
Arthur Smith Woodward

Sir Arthur Smith Woodward was an England palaeontologist....
1941: Sir Arthur George Tansley
Arthur Tansley

Sir Arthur George Tansley was an England botanist who was a pioneer in the science of ecology. From the start, he was much influenced by the Danish plant ecologist Eugenius Warming....
1942: Award suspended
1946: William Thomas Calman
William Thomas Calman

William Thomas Calman was a Scotland zoologist, specialising in the Crustacea. He was born in Dundee, studying at the High School of Dundee. In the scientific societies in the city, he met D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson....
and Frederick Ernest Weiss
1947: Maurice Jules Gaston Corneille Caullery
1948: Agnes Arber
Agnes Arber

Agnes Robertson Arber was a renowned United Kingdom plant morphologist and anatomist, historian of botany and philosopher of biology. She was born in London but lived most of her life in Cambridge, including the last 51 years of her life....
1949: D. M. S. Watson
1950: Henry Nicholas Ridley
Henry Nicholas Ridley

Henry Nicholas Ridley was an English botanist. He was largely responsible for establishing the rubber industry on the Malay peninsula....
1951: Theodor Mortensen
1952: Isaac Henry Burkill
Isaac Henry Burkill

Isaac Henry Burkill was an English botanist.Educated at Repton School and Caius College, Cambridge, Burkill served as Assistant in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew from 1897 to 1899....
1953: Patrick Alfred Buxton
1954: Felix Eugene Fritsch
1955: Sir John Graham Kerr
John Graham Kerr

Sir John Graham Kerr was a Scotland embryologist and Unionist Party Member of Parliament .? He is best known for his studies of the embryology of lungfishes.Born in Hertfordshire to Scottish parents, Kerr was educated at the Royal High School , and at the University of Edinburgh, but interrupted his medical studies to join an Argentina expe...
1956: William Henry Lang
William Henry Lang

William Henry Lang was a British botanist. The son of Thomas Lang, a medical practitioner, Lang was educated at Dennistoun public school in Glasgow before being accepted into the University of Glasgow, where he graduated with a Bsc in botany and zoology in 1894....
1957: Erik Stensiö
Erik Stensiö

Erik Helge Osvald Stensi? was a Sweden paleozoology.Erik Andersson, as his original name was, was born in the village of Stensj? in D?derhult parish in Kalmar County; he later took his new surname from his place of origin and is occasionally referred to with both names ....
1958: Sir Gavin de Beer
Gavin de Beer

Sir Gavin Rylands de Beer Fellow of the Royal Society was a United Kingdom evolutionary embryology. He was Director of the British Museum , President of the Linnean Society of London, and received the Royal Society's Darwin Medal for his studies on evolution....
and William Bertram Turrill
William Bertram Turrill

William Bertram Turrill OBE was an English botanist.He worked in the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew and was responsible for many innovations including a mathematical classification of leaf shapes....
1959: H. M. Fox and Carl Skottsberg
Carl Skottsberg

Carl Johan Fredrik Skottsberg was a Swedish botanist and explorer of Antarctica.Skottsberg was born in Karlshamn, began his academic studies at Uppsala University in 1898 and received his doctorate and a docentship there in 1907....
1960: Libbie H. Hyman and Hugh Hamshaw Thomas
Hugh Hamshaw Thomas

Hugh Hamshaw Thomas Fellow of the Royal Society , was a Great Britain paleobotany.He was awarded the Linnean Society of London's prestigious Darwin-Wallace Medal in 1958. He was the recipient of the Linnean Medal in 1960....
1961: E. W. Mason and Sir Frederick Stratten Russell
Frederick Stratten Russell

Sir Frederick Stratten Russell was an England marine biologist.Russell was born in Bridport, Dorset, and studied at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, University of Cambridge....
1962: N. L. Bor and George Gaylord Simpson
George Gaylord Simpson

'George Gaylord Simpson' was an United States paleontologist. He was an expert on extinct mammals and their intercontinental migrations. Simpson was the most influential paleontologist of the twentieth century and a major participant in the modern evolutionary synthesis, contributing Tempo and Mode in Evolution and Principles of Classi...
1963: Sidnie M. Manton and W. H. Pearsall
1964: Richard E. Holttum and Carl Frederick Abel Pantin
1965: John Hutchinson
John Hutchinson (botanist)

John Hutchinson was a renowned English botanist, taxonomist and author....
and John Ramsbottom
John Ramsbottom (mycologist)

John Ramsbottom was a British mycology. He was Keeper of Botany at the British Museum . He served as general secretary and twice as president of the British Mycological Society, and was long editor of its Transactions....
1966: G. S. Carter and Sir Harry Godwin
Harry Godwin

Professor Sir Harry Godwin Fellow of the Royal Society, was a prominent England botanist and ecologist of the 20th century. He had a long association with Clare College, Cambridge....
1967: Charles Sutherland Elton
Charles Sutherland Elton

Charles Sutherland Elton was an English people zoology and animal ecology. His name is associated with the establishment of modern population ecology and community ecology, including studies of invasive species....
and C. E. Hubbard
1968: A. Gragan and T. M. Harris
1969: Irene Manton
Irene Manton

Irene Manton was a British botanist. She was noted for study of ferns and algae....
and Ethelwynn Trewavas
1970: E. J. H. Corner
E. J. H. Corner

Edred John Henry Corner was a botany who occupied the posts of assistant director at the Singapore Botanic Gardens and Professor of Tropical Botany at the University of Cambridge ....
and E. I. White
1971: C. R. Metcalfe and J. E. Smith
1972: A. R. Clapham and A. S. Romer
1973: G. Ledyard Stebbins
G. Ledyard Stebbins

George Ledyard Stebbins, Jr. was an United States botany and geneticist who is widely regarded as one of the leading evolutionary biology of the 20th century....
and John.Z.Young
John Zachary Young

'John Zachary Young' , generally known as 'JZ', was an England zoologist and neurophysiologist, described as "one of the most influential biologists of the 20th century ......
1974: E. H. W. Hennig and Josias Braun-Blanquet
Josias Braun-Blanquet

Josias Braun-Blanquet was an influential phytosociology and botanist. Braun-Blanquet was born in Chur, Switzerland and died in Montpellier, France....
1975: A. S. Watt
Alexander Watt

Alexander Stuart Watt was a U.K. botanist and plant ecologist....
and Philip M Sheppard
1976: William T. Stearn
William T. Stearn

William Thomas Stearn Order of the British Empire was a United Kingdom botanist. He had a very high reputation as an expert on the history of botany and in the classical languages....
1977: Ernst Mayr and T. G. Tutin
1978: O. K. H. Hedberg and Thomas Stanley Westoll
Thomas Stanley Westoll

Thomas Stanley Westoll , was a Fellow of the Royal Society and long-time head of the Department of Geology at Newcastle University....
1979: R. McN. Alexander and P. W. Richards
1980: Geoffrey Clough Ainsworth
Geoffrey Clough Ainsworth

Geoffrey Clough Ainsworth was a British mycology and scientific historian....
and Roy Crowson
Roy Crowson

Roy Albert Crowson was a United Kingdom biology who specialized in the taxonomy of beetles.He lectured at the Zoology Department of the University of Glasgow from 1949....
1981: B. L. Burtt and Sir Cyril Astley Clarke
Cyril Clarke

Sir Cyril Astley Clarke Order of the British Empire, Royal College of Physicians, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Royal College of Pathologists, Fellow of the Royal Society was a United Kingdom physician, geneticist and lepidopterist....
1982: P. H. Davis and P. H. Greenwood
1983: C. T. Ingold and M. J. D. White
1984: J. G. Hawkes and J. S. Kennedy
1985: Arthur Cain
Arthur Cain

Professor Arthur James Cain FRS was a British evolutionary biologist and ecologist. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1989....
and Jeffrey B. Harborne
1986: Arthur Cronquist
Arthur Cronquist

Arthur John Cronquist was a North American botany and a specialist on Compositae. He is considered one of the most influential botanist of the 20th century, largely due to his formulation of the Cronquist system....
and P. C. C. Garnham
1987: G. Fryer and V. H. Heywood
1988: J. L. Harley and Sir Richard Southward
1989: William Donald Hamilton
W. D. Hamilton

William Donald Hamilton, Royal Society a.k.a. Bill Hamilton was a United Kingdom evolutionary biologist and one of the greatest evolutionary theorists of the 20th century....
and Sir David Smith
David Smith (botanist)

Professor Sir David Smith Fellow of the Royal Society Royal Society of Edinburgh was the Principal of Edinburgh University from 1987 to 1994, and President of Wolfson College, Oxford....
1990: Sir Ghillean Tolmie Prance and F. Gwendolen Rees
F. Gwendolen Rees

Florence Gwendolen Rees, FRS was a British Zoology and parasitology.Rees's career was at the Zoology Department of the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, where she held positions of Assistant Lecturer , Lecturer , Senior Lecturer , Reader and Professor , becoming Professor Emeritus in semi-retirement in 1973....
1991: W. G Chaloner and R. M. May
1992: Richard Evans Schultes
Richard Evans Schultes

Richard Evans Schultes may be considered the father of modern ethnobotany, for his studies of Indigenous peoples' uses of plants, including especially Entheogen or Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants plants , for his lifelong collaborations with chemists, and for his charismatic influence as an educator at Harvard University on a num...
and Stephen Jay Gould
Stephen Jay Gould

Stephen Jay Gould was a prominent American Paleontology, Evolution, and History of science. He was also one of the most influential and widely read writers of popular science of his generation....
1993: Barbara Pickersgill and L. P. Brower
1994: F. E. Round and Sir Alec John Jeffreys
Alec Jeffreys

Sir Alec John Jeffreys, Fellow of the Royal Society is a United Kingdom geneticist, who developed techniques for DNA fingerprinting and DNA profiling which are now used all over the world in forensic science to assist police detective work, and also to resolve paternity and immigration disputes....
1995: S. M. Walters
Max Walters

Dr Max Walters was a United Kingdom botany and academic. As a conscientious objector in the Second World War, he worked as a hospital orderly in Sheffield and Bristol....
and John Maynard Smith
1996: J. Heslop-Harrison and K. Vickerman
1997: E. S. Coen and Rosemary Helen Lowe-McConnell
1998: M. W. Chase and C. Patterson
1999: P. B. Tomlinson and Q. Bone
2000: B. Verdcourt and M. F. Claridge

21st Century

2001: C.J. Humphries and G.J. Nelson
2002: Sherwin Carlquist and W.J. Kennedy
2003: Pieter Baas and Bryan Campbell Clarke
2004: Geoffrey Allen Boxshall and John Dransfield
2005: Paula Rudall and Andrew Smith
Andrew Smith

Andrew David Smith is a United Kingdom politician for the Labour Party , and a former member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom....
2006: David J. Mabberley and Richard A. Fortey
2007: Phil Cribb and Thomas Cavalier-Smith
Thomas Cavalier-Smith

Professor Thomas Cavalier-Smith , Royal Society, Royal Society of Canada, Natural Environment Research Council Professorial Fellow, is a Professor of Evolutionary Biology in the Department of Zoology, at the University of Oxford....
2008: Jeffrey Duckett and Stephen Donovan

External links

at the website of the Linnean Society of London
Linnean Society of London

The Linnean Society of London is the world's premier society for the study and dissemination of taxonomy and natural history. It publishes a Zoological Journal, as well as Botanical and Biological Journals....