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Libyan resistance movement

 

 
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History
The Libyan resistance movement was firstly lead by Mr. Omar Mukhtar
Omar Mukhtar

Omar Mukhtar was from the wiktionary:tribe of Mnifa, born in a small village called Janzour located in the eastern part of Barqa. He was the leader of the resistance movement against the Kingdom of Italy colonization of Libya for more than twenty years....
 (Arabic
Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
 ??? ??????? ‘Umar Al-Mukhtar) (1862 - September 16, 1931) was from the tribe of Mnifa, born in a small village called Janzour located in the eastern part of Barqa He was the leader of the resistance movement
Resistance movement

A resistance movement is a group or collection of individual groups, dedicated to fighting an invader in an military occupation country or the government of a sovereign nation through either the use of physical force, or nonviolence....
 against the Italian
Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)

The Kingdom of Italy was a state forged in 1861 by the Italian unification under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia; it existed until 1946 when the Italians opted for a republican constitution....
 colonization of Libya
Libya

Libya , officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya , is a country located in North Africa. Bordering the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Libya lies between Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west....
 for more than twenty years from 1912. Later King Idris and his Senussi
Senussi

The Senussi or Sanussi refers to a Muslim political-religious order in Libya and Sudan founded in Mecca in 1837 by the Grand Senussi, Sayyid Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi....
 tribe in the provinces of Cyrenaica
Cyrenaica

Cyrenaica or Cirenaica is the eastern coastal region of Libya and also an ex-province or state of the country in the pre-1963 administrative system....
 and Tripolitania
Tripolitania

Tripolitania or Tripolitana is a historic region and former province of Libya, situated alongside Cyrenaica and Fezzan). The system of administrative divisions that included Tripolitania was abolished in the early 1970s in favour of a system of smaller-size municipality or baladiyah ....
 against the Italian colonization after 1929, when Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
 changed its political promises of moderate "protectorate" to the Senussi (done in 1911) and - because of Mussolini - started to take complete colonial control of Libya.

Resistance was crushed by General Graziani
Graziani

Graziani is an Italy family name, and may refer to:* Ariel Graziani* Ercole Graziani the Younger* Francesco Graziani, Italian footballer* Gaspar Graziani...
 in the 1930s and the country was fully controlled by the Italians with the help of Arab fascists, at the point that many Libyan colonial troops fought on the side of Italy between 1940 and 1943.






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History


The Libyan resistance movement was firstly lead by Mr. Omar Mukhtar
Omar Mukhtar

Omar Mukhtar was from the wiktionary:tribe of Mnifa, born in a small village called Janzour located in the eastern part of Barqa. He was the leader of the resistance movement against the Kingdom of Italy colonization of Libya for more than twenty years....
 (Arabic
Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
 ??? ??????? ‘Umar Al-Mukhtar) (1862 - September 16, 1931) was from the tribe of Mnifa, born in a small village called Janzour located in the eastern part of Barqa He was the leader of the resistance movement
Resistance movement

A resistance movement is a group or collection of individual groups, dedicated to fighting an invader in an military occupation country or the government of a sovereign nation through either the use of physical force, or nonviolence....
 against the Italian
Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)

The Kingdom of Italy was a state forged in 1861 by the Italian unification under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia; it existed until 1946 when the Italians opted for a republican constitution....
 colonization of Libya
Libya

Libya , officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya , is a country located in North Africa. Bordering the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Libya lies between Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west....
 for more than twenty years from 1912. Later King Idris and his Senussi
Senussi

The Senussi or Sanussi refers to a Muslim political-religious order in Libya and Sudan founded in Mecca in 1837 by the Grand Senussi, Sayyid Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi....
 tribe in the provinces of Cyrenaica
Cyrenaica

Cyrenaica or Cirenaica is the eastern coastal region of Libya and also an ex-province or state of the country in the pre-1963 administrative system....
 and Tripolitania
Tripolitania

Tripolitania or Tripolitana is a historic region and former province of Libya, situated alongside Cyrenaica and Fezzan). The system of administrative divisions that included Tripolitania was abolished in the early 1970s in favour of a system of smaller-size municipality or baladiyah ....
 against the Italian colonization after 1929, when Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
 changed its political promises of moderate "protectorate" to the Senussi (done in 1911) and - because of Mussolini - started to take complete colonial control of Libya.

Resistance was crushed by General Graziani
Graziani

Graziani is an Italy family name, and may refer to:* Ariel Graziani* Ercole Graziani the Younger* Francesco Graziani, Italian footballer* Gaspar Graziani...
 in the 1930s and the country was fully controlled by the Italians with the help of Arab fascists, at the point that many Libyan colonial troops fought on the side of Italy between 1940 and 1943. In 1940 the Libyans in the coastal areas were granted Italian citizenship as part of the fascist efforts to create the Greater Italia in Tripolitania and Cyrenaica. This fact reduced the appeal of the Libyan resistance movement to few Arab/Berbers populations of the Fezzan
Fezzan

Fezzan is a south-western region of modern Libya. It is largely desert but broken by mountains, uplands, and dry river valleys in the north, where oases enable ancient towns and villages to survive deep in the otherwise inhospitable Sahara....
 area only, but this was practically inexistent until the arrival of French troops in the area in 1942. At the close of World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
 the British
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
 and French
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 decided to make King Idris the Emir
Emir

Emir , is a high Nobility or office, used throughout the Arab World and historically in some Turkic peoples states and Afghanistan. Emirs are usually considered high-ranking sheikhs, but in monarchical states the term is also used for princes, with "Emirate" being analogous to principality in this sense....
 of an independent Libya
Libya

Libya , officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya , is a country located in North Africa. Bordering the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Libya lies between Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west....
 in 1951.

Anecdote


It was also a widely held story that Colonel Gadaffi's tribe crushed an Italian garrison in the south of Fezzan
Fezzan

Fezzan is a south-western region of modern Libya. It is largely desert but broken by mountains, uplands, and dry river valleys in the north, where oases enable ancient towns and villages to survive deep in the otherwise inhospitable Sahara....
, near the border with Chad
Chad

Chad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west....
, which is implausible, since the tribe were in fact operating on the Tripolitania
Tripolitania

Tripolitania or Tripolitana is a historic region and former province of Libya, situated alongside Cyrenaica and Fezzan). The system of administrative divisions that included Tripolitania was abolished in the early 1970s in favour of a system of smaller-size municipality or baladiyah ....
/Fezzan border through out the war. The Fezzan was occupied by the Free French in 1943.

See also


  • Italy's 'Fourth Shore
    Fourth Shore

    The Fourth Shore or Kingdom of Italy 's Fourth Shore was the name created by Mussolini to refer to coastal Libya while it was an Italian Empire....
    '
  • World War II
    World War II

    World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
  • Libya
    Libya

    Libya , officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya , is a country located in North Africa. Bordering the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Libya lies between Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west....
  • The concept of Italia irredenta
    Italia irredenta

    Italian irredentism was an Italy nationalist Irredentism movement that aimed to complete the Italian unification of all ethnically Italian peoples....
  • The Italian Mare Nostrum
  • Greater Italia