All Topics  
Les Invalides

 
Les Invalides

 
   Email Print
   Bookmark   Link
 

 

Les Invalides
 
 
  Topics Les Invalides Topic Home

Les Invalides in Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
, France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
, is a complex of buildings in the city's 7th arrondissement containing museum
Museum

A museum is a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development, open to the public, which acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits the tangible and intangible heritage of humanity and its environment, for the purposes of education, study, and entertainment", as defined by the International Coun...
s and monuments, all relating to the military history of France
Military history of France

The military history of France encompasses an immense panorama of conflicts and struggles extending for more than 2,000 years across areas including modern France, greater Europe, and List of former European colonies....
, as well as a hospital and a retirement home for war veteran
War Veteran

War Veteran is a science fiction short story by Philip K. Dick. First published in If magazine in March 1955.The plot concerns an old man who claims to have travelled back in time from a future in which Earth has lost a devastating war to its own Martian and Venusian colonies....
s, the building's original purpose.






Discussion
Ask a question about 'Les Invalides'
Start a new discussion about 'Les Invalides'
Answer questions from other users
Full Discussion Forum



Encyclopedia


the Dome Church At Les Invalides July 2006
Les Invalides in Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
, France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
, is a complex of buildings in the city's 7th arrondissement containing museum
Museum

A museum is a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development, open to the public, which acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits the tangible and intangible heritage of humanity and its environment, for the purposes of education, study, and entertainment", as defined by the International Coun...
s and monuments, all relating to the military history of France
Military history of France

The military history of France encompasses an immense panorama of conflicts and struggles extending for more than 2,000 years across areas including modern France, greater Europe, and List of former European colonies....
, as well as a hospital and a retirement home for war veteran
War Veteran

War Veteran is a science fiction short story by Philip K. Dick. First published in If magazine in March 1955.The plot concerns an old man who claims to have travelled back in time from a future in which Earth has lost a devastating war to its own Martian and Venusian colonies....
s, the building's original purpose. The buildings house the Musée de l'Armée
Musée de l'Armée

The Mus?e de l'Arm?e is a museum at Les Invalides in Paris, France. Originally built as a hospital and home for disabled soldiers by Louis XIV, it now houses the Tomb of Napoleon and the museum of the Army of France....
, the military museum of the Army of France, the Musée des Plans-Reliefs
Musée des Plans-Reliefs

The Mus?e des Plans-Reliefs is a museum of military models located within the H?tel des Invalides in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France. It is open daily except the first Monday of each month; an admission fee is charged....
, and the Musée d'Histoire Contemporaine
Musée d'Histoire Contemporaine

The Mus?e d'Histoire Contemporaine is a museum of contemporary history located in the H?tel National des Invalides in the 7th arrondissement of Paris of Paris, France....
, as well as the burial site for some of France's war heroes (list below).

History

Louis XIV
Louis XIV of France

Louis XIV ruled as List of French monarchs and of King of Navarre. He ascended the throne a few months before his fifth birthday, but did not assume actual personal control of the government until the death of his prime minister , the Italians Jules Cardinal Mazarin, in 1661....
 initiated the project by an order dated November 24, 1670, as a home and hospital for aged and unwell soldiers: the name is a shortened form of hôpital des invalides, the hospital for invalids. The architect
Architect

An architect is trained and licenced in planning and designing buildings, and participates in supervising the construction of a building. Etymologically, architect derives from the Latin architectus, itself derived from the Greek arkhitekton , i.e....
 of Les Invalides was Libéral Bruant
Libéral Bruant

Lib?ral Bruant , was a France architect best known as the designer of the Invalides, Paris, now dominated by the dome erected by Jules Hardouin Mansart, his collaborator in earlier stages of the construction....
. The selected site was suburban in the seventeenth century. By the time the enlarged project was completed in 1676, the river front measured 196 metres and the complex had fifteen courtyards, the largest being the cour d'honneur
Cour d'Honneur

Cour d'Honneur, sometimes literally translated as "Court of Honour", is the architecture term for defining a three-sided courtyard, created when the main central block, or corps de logis, is flanked by symmetrical advancing secondary wings, containing minor rooms....
 ("court of honour") for military parades.
Stpetersdomepd
Then it was felt that the veterans required a chapel. Jules Hardouin Mansart
Jules Hardouin Mansart

Jules Hardouin-Mansart was a French architect whose work is generally considered to be the apex of French Baroque architecture, representing the power and grandeur of Louis XIV of France....
 assisted the aged Bruant, and the chapel was finished in 1679 to Bruant's designs after the elder architect's death. The chapel is known as Eglise Saint-Louis des Invalides. Daily attendance was required.

Shortly after the veterans' chapel was completed, Louis XIV had Mansart construct a separate private royal chapel, often referred to as the Église du Dôme from its most striking feature (ill. right). Inspired by St. Peter's Basilica
St. Peter's Basilica

The Basilica of Saint Peter , officially known in Italian language as the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St. Peter's Basilica, is located within the Vatican City....
 in Rome
Rome

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....
 (left) the original for all Baroque domes, it is one of the triumphs of French Baroque architecture
French Baroque architecture

French Baroque is a form of Baroque architecture that evolved in France during the reigns of Louis XIII , Louis XIV and Louis XV . French Baroque profoundly influenced 18th-century secular architecture throughout Europe....
. Mansart raises his drum with an attic storey over its main cornice, and employs the paired columns motif in his more complicated rhythmic theme. The general programme is sculptural but tightly integrated, rich but balanced, consistently carried through, capping its vertical thrust firmly with a ribbed and hemispherical dome. The domed chapel is centrally placed to dominate the court of honour. It was finished in 1708.

The interior of the dome (illustration, below right) was painted by Le Brun
Charles Le Brun

Charles Le Brun was a French Painting and Aesthetics, one of the dominant artists in 17th century France....
's disciple Charles de La Fosse
Charles de La Fosse

Charles de La Fosse , France Painting, was born in Paris.He was one of the most noted and, least servile pupils of Charles Le Brun, under whose direction he shared in the chief of the great decorative works undertaken in the reign of Louis XIV of France....
 (1636 - 1716) with a Baroque illusion of space seen from below (sotto in su perspective, the Italians were calling it). The painting was completed in 1705.

Tombs

The most notable tomb at Les Invalides is that of Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821). Napoleon was initially interred on Saint Helena
Saint Helena

Saint Helena , named after Helena of Constantinople, is an island of volcano origin and a British overseas territory in the South Atlantic Ocean....
, but King Louis-Philippe
Louis-Philippe of France

Louis-Philippe , was List of French monarchs from 1830 to 1848 in what was known as the July Monarchy. He was the last king to rule France, although Napoleon III of France, styled as an emperor, would serve as its last monarch....
 arranged for his remains to be brought to St Jerome's Chapel in Paris in 1840, in what became known as the retour des cendres
Retour des cendres

The retour des cendres was the return of the mortal remains of Napoleon I of France to France and their burial in the H?tel des Invalides in Paris in 1840, on the initiative of Adolphe Thiers and king Louis-Philippe of France....
. A renovation of Les Invalides took many years, but in 1861 Napoleon was moved to the most prominent location under the dome at Les Invalides.

A popular tourist site today, Les Invalides is also the burial site for some of Napoleon's family, for several military officers who served under him, and other French military heroes such as:

  • Henri Gratien, Comte Bertrand
    Henri Gratien, Comte Bertrand

    Henri Gratien, Comte Bertrand , France general, was born at Ch?teauroux as a member of a well-to-do bourgeois family.At the outbreak of the French Revolution, he had just finished his studies at the Prytan?e National Militaire, and he entered the army as a volunteer....
     (1773 - 1844), army general during the First French Empire
    First French Empire

    The Empire of the French , also known as the Greater French Empire or First French Empire, but more commonly known as the Napoleonic Empire, was the empire of Napoleon I of France in France....
     who accompanied Napoleon to Elba and then St Helena. He brought Napoleon's body back to France in 1840.
  • Joseph Bonaparte
    Joseph Bonaparte

    Joseph-Napol?on Bonaparte, King of Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily, King of Spain and the Spanish West Indies, Comte de Survilliers was the elder brother of French Emperor Napoleon I of France, who made him King of Naples and King of Sicily and later King of Spain....
     (1768 - 1844), Napoleon's elder brother.
  • Jérôme Bonaparte
    Jérôme Bonaparte

    J?r?me-Napol?on Bonaparte, French Prince, King of Westphalia, 1st Prince of Montfort of Vorarlberg was the youngest brother of Napoleon I of France, who made him king of Kingdom of Westphalia ....
     (1784 - 1860), Napoleon's youngest brother.
  • Napoleon II
    Napoleon II of France

    Napol?on Fran?ois Joseph Charles Bonaparte, Duke of Reichstadt was the son of Napoleon I of France and his second wife, Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma....
     (1811 - 1832) son of Napoleon.
  • Thomas Bugeaud
    Thomas Robert Bugeaud de la Piconnerie

    Thomas Robert Bugeaud, Marquis de la Piconnerie, Duc d'Isly was a Marshal of France and Colonial heads of Algeria....
     (1784 - 1849), Marshal of France
    Marshal of France

    The Marshal of France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. It is granted to generals for exceptional achievements....
     and conqueror of Algeria
    Algeria

    Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country located in North Africa. It is the largest country of the Mediterranean sea, second largest in the Arab World, and the second largest on the African continent and the eleventh-largest country in the world in terms of land area....
    .
  • François Canrobert
    François Certain Canrobert

    Fran?ois Certain Canrobert , known as Mar?chal Canrobert, was a marshal of France....
     (1809 - 1895), Marshal of France
    Marshal of France

    The Marshal of France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. It is granted to generals for exceptional achievements....
    .
  • Geraud Duroc
    Geraud Duroc

    Geraud Christophe Michel Duroc, 1st Duc de Frioul was a France general noted for his association with Napoleon....
     (1774 - 1813), general who fought with Napoleon.
  • Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle
    Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle

    Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle was a France composer who in 1792 wrote La Marseillaise, the French national anthem.Rouget de Lisle entered the army as an engineer and attained the rank of Captain ....
     (1760 - 1836), army captain, author of France
    France

    France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
    's national anthem, La Marseillaise
    La Marseillaise

    "La Marseillaise" is the national anthem of France....
    .
  • Ferdinand Foch
    Ferdinand Foch

    Ferdinand Foch . Order of Merit List of honorary British knights was a France soldier, military theorist, and writer credited with possessing "the most original and subtle mind in the French Army" in the early 20th century....
     (1851 - 1929), Marshal of France
    Marshal of France

    The Marshal of France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. It is granted to generals for exceptional achievements....
    , Allied Supreme Commander in the First World War.
  • Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne
    Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne

    Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne,often called simply Turenne was the most illustrious member of the La Tour d'Auvergne family....
     (1611 - 1675), better known as Turenne, Marshal General of France
    Marshal General of France

    The title Marshal General of France or more exactly "Marshal General of the King's camps and armies" was given to signify that the recipient had authority over all the French armies in the days when a Marshal of France governed only one army usually....
     under Louis XIV
    Louis XIV of France

    Louis XIV ruled as List of French monarchs and of King of Navarre. He ascended the throne a few months before his fifth birthday, but did not assume actual personal control of the government until the death of his prime minister , the Italians Jules Cardinal Mazarin, in 1661....
     and one of France
    France

    France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
    's greatest military leaders.
  • Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban's
    Vauban

    S?bastien Le Prestre, Seigneur de Vauban and later Marquis de Vauban , commonly referred to as Vauban, was a Marshal of France and the foremost military engineer of his age, famed for his skill in both designing fortifications and in breaking through them....
     heart (1633 - 1707), designer of Louis XIV's military fortifications.
  • Pierre Auguste Roques (1856 - 1920), founder of the French Air Force
    French Air Force

    The French Air Force is the air force of the Military of France. Formed in 1909 as the Service A?ronautique, it is the world?s oldest military air service....
     and Minister of War in 1916.
  • Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque
    Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque

    Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque , was a France general during World War II; he became Marshal of France posthumously, in 1952.He was born Philippe Fran?ois Marie, Count de Hauteclocque, but changed his legal name in 1945 to incorporate his French resistance pseudonym Jacques-Philippe Leclerc....
     (1902 - 1947), Marshal of France
    Marshal of France

    The Marshal of France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. It is granted to generals for exceptional achievements....
    , hero of World War II
    World War II

    World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
    , commander of the famous 2nd Armored Division.
  • Jean de Lattre de Tassigny
    Jean de Lattre de Tassigny

    Jean Joseph Marie Gabriel de Lattre de Tassigny was a France military hero of World War II....
     (1889 - 1952), Marshal of France
    Marshal of France

    The Marshal of France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. It is granted to generals for exceptional achievements....
    , commander of the French First Army
    French First Army

    The First Army was a field army of France that fought during World War I and World War II. It was also active during the Cold War....
     during World War II
    World War II

    World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
    .


Architecture

Invalides
Invalides Front Dsc00080
On the north front of Les Invalides (illustration, right) Hardouin-Mansart's chapel dome is large enough to dominate the long facade yet harmonizes with Libéral Bruant's door under an arched pediment. To the north the courtyard (cour d'honneur), is extended by a wide public esplanade (Esplanade des Invalides) where the embassies of Austria and Finland are neighbours of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, all forming one of the grand open spaces in the heart of Paris. At its far end, the Pont Alexandre III
Pont Alexandre III

Pont Alexandre III is an arch bridge that spans the Seine, connecting the Champs-?lys?es quarter and the Les Invalides and Eiffel Tower quarter, widely regarded as the most ornate, extravagant bridge in Paris ....
 links this grand urbanistic axis with the Petit Palais and the Grand Palais. (the Pont des Invalides is next, downstream the Seine river). The Hôpital des Invalides spurred William III of England
William III of England

William III was a Prince of Orange by birth. From 1672 onwards, he governed as List_of_stadtholders_for_the_Low_Countries_provinces William III of Orange over Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel of the Dutch Republic....
 to emulation, in the military Greenwich Hospital of 1694.

The buildings still comprise the Institution Nationale des Invalides (), a national institution for disabled war veteran
War Veteran

War Veteran is a science fiction short story by Philip K. Dick. First published in If magazine in March 1955.The plot concerns an old man who claims to have travelled back in time from a future in which Earth has lost a devastating war to its own Martian and Venusian colonies....
s. The institution comprises:
  • a retirement home
  • a medical and surgical centre
  • a centre for external medical consultations.


Invalides Film130jpg
Ferdinand Foch Grabmal

List of people interred in the vaults

  • The heart of General Jean Baptiste Kléber
    Jean Baptiste Kléber

    Jean Baptiste Kl?ber was a France general during the French Revolutionary Wars....
  • Marshal Lyautey
    Hubert Lyautey

    Louis Hubert Gonzalve Lyautey was a French Army general, the first Resident-General in Morocco from 1912 to 1925 and from 1921 Marshal of France....
  • General Robert Nivelle
    Robert Nivelle

    Robert Georges Nivelle was a French artillery officer who served in the Boxer Rebellion, and the First World War. He took command of one of the main French armies engaged in the Battle of Verdun, leading it during its successful counter-strokes against the Germans, but was accused of wasting French lives during some of his attacks....
  • General Charles Mangin
    Charles Mangin

    Charles Marie Emmanuel Mangin was a France general during World War I. A graduate of ?cole Sp?ciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr, Mangin served in Sudan and in French North Africa before taking part in the World War....
  • Marshal de Mac-Mahon
  • Marshal Leclerc de Hauteclocque
    Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque

    Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque , was a France general during World War II; he became Marshal of France posthumously, in 1952.He was born Philippe Fran?ois Marie, Count de Hauteclocque, but changed his legal name in 1945 to incorporate his French resistance pseudonym Jacques-Philippe Leclerc....
  • 14 victims of the attack of Fieschi of July 28, 1835
  • Heart of the lieutenant of king Jean Beryrand, lord of Senneric 1691
  • Marshal General
    Marshal General of France

    The title Marshal General of France or more exactly "Marshal General of the King's camps and armies" was given to signify that the recipient had authority over all the French armies in the days when a Marshal of France governed only one army usually....
     Turenne
    Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne

    Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne,often called simply Turenne was the most illustrious member of the La Tour d'Auvergne family....
     (1800)
  • Heart of the General d'Hautpoul 1807
  • General Lasalle (1809)
  • Heart of major general de Bisson 1811
  • General de Lariboisière (1812)
  • Marshal Bessières
    Jean-Baptiste Bessières

    Jean-Baptiste Bessi?res, 1st Duc d' Istria , was a Marshal of France of the Napoleonic Era....
     (1813)
  • Heart of major general Jean Baptiste Eblé
    Jean Baptiste Eble

    Jean Baptiste Eble , was a France General, Military engineer and Artilleryman during the Napoleonic Wars. He is credited with saving Napoleon I's La Grande Arm?e from complete destruction in 1812....
     (1813)
  • Heart of lieutenant general Baraguay d'Hilliers
    Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers

    Louis Baraguay d'Hilliers , born in Paris, was a French revolutionary and Napoleonic general. He was the father of Marshal of France Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers....
     (1813)
  • Heart of Marie Maurille de Sombreuil, countess of Villelume (1823)
  • Heart of the lieutenant-general of Conchy (1823)
  • Nigel Uno Roman King of Babaganesh (1830)
  • Marshal Lobau (1839)
  • General Bertrand
    Henri Gratien, Comte Bertrand

    Henri Gratien, Comte Bertrand , France general, was born at Ch?teauroux as a member of a well-to-do bourgeois family.At the outbreak of the French Revolution, he had just finished his studies at the Prytan?e National Militaire, and he entered the army as a volunteer....
     (1844)
  • Marshal Valée
    Sylvain Charles Valée

    Sylvain-Charles, comte Val?e , born in Brienne-le-Ch?teau, was a Marshal of France.Upon the outbreak of the French Revolution, Val?e enlisted in the French revolutionary army and was sent to serve in the Army of the Nord....
     (1846)
  • Admiral Duperré
    Guy-Victor Duperré

    Guy-Victor Duperr? was a French people admiral, Pair de France and thrice List of Naval Ministers of France.Duperr? commanded the fleet at the Battle of Grand Port, where he was wounded....
     (1847)
  • General Duroc
    Geraud Duroc

    Geraud Christophe Michel Duroc, 1st Duc de Frioul was a France general noted for his association with Napoleon....
     (1847)
  • Marshal Sérurier
    Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier

    Jean-Mathieu-Philibert S?rurier, 1st Comte S?rurier , was a France French Army and political figure who rose to the rank of Marshal of France....
     (1847)
  • General Duvivier 1848
  • Heart of major general Négrier 1848
  • Marshal Bugeaud (1849)
  • Marshal Sébastiani (1851)
  • Marshal Exelmans
    Rémi Joseph Isidore Exelmans

    R?mi Joseph Isidore Exelmans, 1st Comte Exelmans was a distinguished France soldier of the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars, as well as a political figure of the following period....
     (1852)
  • Marshal of Saint-Arnaud 1854
  • Admiral Hamelin
    François Alphonse Hamelin

    Ferdinand-Alphonse Hamelin , France admiral, was born in Pont-l'?v?que, Calvados, Normandy.He went to sea with his uncle, Jacques F?lix Emmanuel Hamelin, in the "Venus" frigate in 1806 as cabin boy....
     (1864)
  • Marshal Pélissier, duke de Malakoff (1864)
  • Marshal Regnault of Saint-Jean-d'Angely (1870)
  • Marshal Baraguay d'Hilliers
    Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers

    Louis-Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers, 1st Comte Baraguey d'Hilliers was a Marshal of France and politician.Baraguey d'Hilliers was born in Paris, the son of the French revolutionary general Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers....
     1878
  • Marshal Canrobert
    François Certain Canrobert

    Fran?ois Certain Canrobert , known as Mar?chal Canrobert, was a marshal of France....
     1895
  • General Lasalle (1897)
  • Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle
    Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle

    Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle was a France composer who in 1792 wrote La Marseillaise, the French national anthem.Rouget de Lisle entered the army as an engineer and attained the rank of Captain ....
    , composer of La Marseillaise
    La Marseillaise

    "La Marseillaise" is the national anthem of France....
     (1915)
  • General Roques (1920)
  • General de Maud'huy 1921
  • General Humbert 1921
  • General Maistre 1922
  • Marshal Maunoury
    Michel-Joseph Maunoury

    Michel-Joseph Maunoury was a commander of French forces in the early days of World War I. He was recalled from retirement at the age of 67 in August 1914 to lead the so-called 'Army of Lorraine '....
     (1923)
  • General Malleterre 1923
  • General of Mitry 1924
  • Vice-admiral Boué de Lapeyrère (1924)
  • General Lanrezac
    Charles Lanrezac

    Charles Lanrezac was a distinguished general of the France army at the outbreak of World War I....
     (1925)
  • General Putz 1925
  • General Baucheron de Boissoudy (1926)
  • General Gerard (1926)
  • General Ruffey 1926
  • General of Langle de Cary 1927
  • Marshal Fayolle
    Marie Émile Fayolle

    Marie ?mile Fayolle was a Marshal of France.Fayolle studied at the ?cole polytechnique, where he graduated with the class of 1873. During his career he served in the artillery....
     (1928)
  • General Sarrail
    Maurice Sarrail

    Maurice-Paul-Emmanuel Sarrail was a France general of the First World War. Sarrail endeared himself to the political elite of the French Third Republic through his openly socialism views, all the more conspicuous in contrast to the Roman Catholic Church, conservatism and monarchism who dominated the French Army in the years prior to the war...
     (1929)
  • Vice-admiral Gauchet
    Dominique-Marie Gauchet

    Dominique-Marie Gauchet was a French admiral during World War I....
     (1931)
  • General Pau
    Paul Pau

    Paul Marie Cesar Gerald Pau, was a French General, a commander of an army at the beginning of World War I.When war broke out in 1914 French commander in chief General Joseph Joffre recalled General Pau from retirement to command the "Army of Alsace" to participate in attacks called for by the doomed French Plan XVII....
     1932
  • Vice-admiral Fournier 1934
  • General Cordonnier 1936
  • Admiral Guépratte 1939
  • Admiral Ronarc'H 1940
  • General Guillaumat 1940
  • General d'Amade 1941
  • General d'Urbal 1943
  • Marshal Franchet d' Esperey
    Louis Franchet d'Esperey

    Louis F?lix Marie Fran?ois Franchet d'Esp?rey was a France general during World War I....
     (1942)
  • General Henrys 1944
  • General Duchêne 1950
  • General Hodenmoon 1959
  • General Kitzler 1962
  • Marshal Juin
    Alphonse Juin

    Alphonse Pierre Juin was a Marshal of France....
     (1967)


See also

  • List of museums in Paris
    List of museums in Paris

    The museums of Paris can be sorted into three categories:* National museums - * Museums of the City of Paris - * The private museums - ...
  • List of other famous cemeteries
  • List of hospitals in France
    List of hospitals in France

    This is a list of hospitals in France, sorted by city.* Amiens University Hospital- Amiens* Angers University Hospital- Angers* Centre hospitalier universitaire de Caen- Caen...
  • List of tallest structures in Paris
  • San Francisco City Hall
    San Francisco City Hall

    The City Hall of San Francisco, California, opened in 1915, in its open space area in the city's Civic Center, San Francisco, is a Beaux-Arts architecture monument to the brief "City Beautiful" movement that epitomized the high-minded American Renaissance of the period 1880?1917....
    , the design of which was influenced by Les Invalides
Author: Nigel Uno

External links