Later Jin Dynasty (Five Dynasties)
Encyclopedia
Note that there are four periods of Chinese history using the name "Jin" (see clarification here
.)
The Later Jìn (Simplified Chinese: 后晋; Traditional Chinese: 後晉; Pinyin
: Hòu Jìn) (936
-947
) was one of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period
in China
. It was founded by Shi Jingtang, posthumously known as Gaozu of Later Jin
. Note that there are four periods of Chinese history using the name "Jin" (see clarification here
).
by Li Cunxu
, the son of the great Shatuo Turk chieftain Li Keyong
. Called the Later Tang Dynasty
, it extended Shatuo Turk domains from their base in Shanxi to most of northern China
, and into Sichuan. After Li Cunxu
’s death, his adopted son, Li Siyuan became emperor. However, the relationship with the Khitan
, which was vital to the rise of the Shatuo Turks to power, had soured.
Shi Jingtang
, son-in-law of Li Cunxu
, rebelled against him, and with the help of the Khitan, declared himself emperor the Later Jin Dynasty in 936.
, except for Sichuan in the southwest, which was lost by Later Tang in its waning years (as the region became independent as Later Shu
).
The other major exception was a region known as the Sixteen Prefectures
. By this time in history, the Khitan had formed the Liao Empire
out of their steppe base. They had also become a major power broker in northern China
. They forced the Later Jin to cede the strategic “Sixteen Prefectures” to the Liao. Consisting of a region about 70 to 100 miles wide and including modern-day Beijing and points westward, it was considered a highly strategic region, and gave the Liao even more influence in northern China.
. The help of their powerful northern neighbors was vital in the formation of the Later Jin Dynasty, and the cession of the Sixteen Prefectures
led to their derision as being the servants of the Khitan.
However, after the death of the founder of the dynasty, Shi Jingtang, his adopted son (and nephew) and successor Shi Chonggui defied the Khitan, resulting in the latter invading the territory of the Later Jin in 946
and 947
, resulting in the destruction of the Later Jin Dynasty.
Jin Dynasty
Jin Dynasty may refer to:* Jin Dynasty , Chinese dynasty, subdivided into the Western and Eastern Jin periods* Later Jin Dynasty , one of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period in China.* Jin Dynasty , a Jurchen kingdom in northern China* Later Jīn Dynasty, or...
.)
The Later Jìn (Simplified Chinese: 后晋; Traditional Chinese: 後晉; Pinyin
Pinyin
Pinyin is the official system to transcribe Chinese characters into the Roman alphabet in China, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan. It is also often used to teach Mandarin Chinese and spell Chinese names in foreign publications and used as an input method to enter Chinese characters into...
: Hòu Jìn) (936
936
Year 936 was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* King Taejo of Goryeo defeats Hubaekje....
-947
947
Year 947 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* The Later Jin Dynasty falls to the Later Han Dynasty in China....
) was one of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms was between 907–960/979 AD and an era of political upheaval in China, between the fall of the Tang Dynasty and the founding of the Song Dynasty. During this period, five dynasties quickly succeeded one another in the north, and more than 12 independent states were...
in China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
. It was founded by Shi Jingtang, posthumously known as Gaozu of Later Jin
Gaozu of Later Jin
Shi Jingtang was the founder of the Later Jin Dynasty , the third of the Five Dynasties that controlled much of northern China from 907 to 960. The Later Jin Dynasty was the second of three successive Shatuo Turk dynasties that made up the middle three of the Five Dynasties.-Background and early...
. Note that there are four periods of Chinese history using the name "Jin" (see clarification here
Jin Dynasty
Jin Dynasty may refer to:* Jin Dynasty , Chinese dynasty, subdivided into the Western and Eastern Jin periods* Later Jin Dynasty , one of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period in China.* Jin Dynasty , a Jurchen kingdom in northern China* Later Jīn Dynasty, or...
).
Founding of the Later Jin
The first of the Shatuo Turk dynasties was founded in 923923
Year 923 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* June 15 – Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is killed, and King Charles the Simple is arrested by the supporters of Duke Rudolph of Burgundy.- Americas :* Topiltzin Ce Acatl Quetzalcoatl becomes...
by Li Cunxu
Li Cunxu
Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang , personal name Li Cunxu , nickname Yazi , was the Prince of Jin and later became Emperor of Later Tang...
, the son of the great Shatuo Turk chieftain Li Keyong
Li Keyong
Li Keyong was a Shatuo military governor during the late Tang Dynasty and was key to developing a base of power for the Shatuo in what is today Shanxi Province in China...
. Called the Later Tang Dynasty
Later Tang Dynasty
The Later Tang Dynasty was a short-lived dynasty that lasted from 923 to 937 one of the five dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was also the first in a series of three dynasties ruled by the Shatuo Turks...
, it extended Shatuo Turk domains from their base in Shanxi to most of northern China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
, and into Sichuan. After Li Cunxu
Li Cunxu
Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang , personal name Li Cunxu , nickname Yazi , was the Prince of Jin and later became Emperor of Later Tang...
’s death, his adopted son, Li Siyuan became emperor. However, the relationship with the Khitan
Khitan people
thumb|250px|Khitans [[Eagle hunting|using eagles to hunt]], painted during the Chinese [[Song Dynasty]].The Khitan people , or Khitai, Kitan, or Kidan, were a nomadic Mongolic people, originally located at Mongolia and Manchuria from the 4th century...
, which was vital to the rise of the Shatuo Turks to power, had soured.
Shi Jingtang
Gaozu of Later Jin
Shi Jingtang was the founder of the Later Jin Dynasty , the third of the Five Dynasties that controlled much of northern China from 907 to 960. The Later Jin Dynasty was the second of three successive Shatuo Turk dynasties that made up the middle three of the Five Dynasties.-Background and early...
, son-in-law of Li Cunxu
Li Cunxu
Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang , personal name Li Cunxu , nickname Yazi , was the Prince of Jin and later became Emperor of Later Tang...
, rebelled against him, and with the help of the Khitan, declared himself emperor the Later Jin Dynasty in 936.
Territorial extent
The Later Jin Dynasty held essentially the same territories as the Later Tang DynastyLater Tang Dynasty
The Later Tang Dynasty was a short-lived dynasty that lasted from 923 to 937 one of the five dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was also the first in a series of three dynasties ruled by the Shatuo Turks...
, except for Sichuan in the southwest, which was lost by Later Tang in its waning years (as the region became independent as Later Shu
Later Shu
Later Shu was one of the Ten Kingdoms during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period in China from 907 to 960. It was located in present-day Sichuan with its capital in Chengdu.-Founding:...
).
The other major exception was a region known as the Sixteen Prefectures
Sixteen Prefectures
The Sixteen Prefectures are a region in northern China stretching from present-day Beijing westward to Datong. In most areas, it is approximately seventy to one hundred miles in width...
. By this time in history, the Khitan had formed the Liao Empire
Liao Dynasty
The Liao Dynasty , also known as the Khitan Empire was an empire in East Asia that ruled over the regions of Manchuria, Mongolia, and parts of northern China proper between 9071125...
out of their steppe base. They had also become a major power broker in northern China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
. They forced the Later Jin to cede the strategic “Sixteen Prefectures” to the Liao. Consisting of a region about 70 to 100 miles wide and including modern-day Beijing and points westward, it was considered a highly strategic region, and gave the Liao even more influence in northern China.
Relations with the Khitan
The Later Jin had often been criticized for being a puppet of the emerging Liao empireLiao Dynasty
The Liao Dynasty , also known as the Khitan Empire was an empire in East Asia that ruled over the regions of Manchuria, Mongolia, and parts of northern China proper between 9071125...
. The help of their powerful northern neighbors was vital in the formation of the Later Jin Dynasty, and the cession of the Sixteen Prefectures
Sixteen Prefectures
The Sixteen Prefectures are a region in northern China stretching from present-day Beijing westward to Datong. In most areas, it is approximately seventy to one hundred miles in width...
led to their derision as being the servants of the Khitan.
However, after the death of the founder of the dynasty, Shi Jingtang, his adopted son (and nephew) and successor Shi Chonggui defied the Khitan, resulting in the latter invading the territory of the Later Jin in 946
946
Year 946 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.- Religion :* May 10 – Pope Agapitus II succeeds Pope Marinus II as the 129th pope.- Deaths :...
and 947
947
Year 947 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* The Later Jin Dynasty falls to the Later Han Dynasty in China....
, resulting in the destruction of the Later Jin Dynasty.
Rulers of the Later Jin
| Temple Names (Miao Hao 廟號) | Posthumous Names (Shi Hao 諡號) | Personal Names | Period of Reigns | Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the Five Dynasties | ||||
| Convention: name of dynasty + temple name or posthumous name | ||||
| Hou (Later) Jin Dynasty 936 936 Year 936 was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* King Taejo of Goryeo defeats Hubaekje.... -947 947 Year 947 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* The Later Jin Dynasty falls to the Later Han Dynasty in China.... |
||||
| 高祖 Gāozǔ | Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign | 石敬瑭 Shí Jìngtáng | 936 936 Year 936 was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* King Taejo of Goryeo defeats Hubaekje.... -942 942 Year 942 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* Kaminarimon, the eight-pillared gate to Japan's Kinryuzan Sensouji Temple, is erected.... |
Tiānfú (天福) 936 936 Year 936 was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* King Taejo of Goryeo defeats Hubaekje.... -942 942 Year 942 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* Kaminarimon, the eight-pillared gate to Japan's Kinryuzan Sensouji Temple, is erected.... |
| Did not exist | 出帝 Chūdì | 石重貴 Shí Chóngguì | 942 942 Year 942 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* Kaminarimon, the eight-pillared gate to Japan's Kinryuzan Sensouji Temple, is erected.... -947 947 Year 947 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* The Later Jin Dynasty falls to the Later Han Dynasty in China.... |
Tiānfú (天福) 942 942 Year 942 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* Kaminarimon, the eight-pillared gate to Japan's Kinryuzan Sensouji Temple, is erected.... -944 944 Year 944 was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.- Africa :* The city of Algiers is founded by the Zirid king Buluggin ibn Ziri.... Kāiyùn (開運) 944 944 Year 944 was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.- Africa :* The city of Algiers is founded by the Zirid king Buluggin ibn Ziri.... -947 947 Year 947 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* The Later Jin Dynasty falls to the Later Han Dynasty in China.... |